In this paper, we investigate the influence of airport operation on property prices. In this research, we apply spatial hedonic regression and a difference-in-differences approach to address the introduction of new land use restrictions on property prices. We use data on housing transactions from two housing submarkets around regional airports in Poland. The results suggest that the introduction of land use restrictions impacts property prices. In general, as expected, more rigid restrictions translate into higher discounts in property prices. This research contributes to the limited knowledge on the impact of the introduction of land use restrictions on property prices, as most previous papers have focused solely on the impact of noise. These findings must be treated with caution, as some estimates were not statistically significant, mainly due to limited sample size. The research has important policy implications. Growing airports in Poland face tensions between economic and environmental sustainability. Currently, airports in Poland are obliged to limit their environmental impact by creating limited use areas related to the aircraft related noise while being responsible for property value loss related to these restrictions. As a consequence, most regional airports face significant compensations to property owners.

Accurate revenue prediction is a key factor for the reliable determination of the investment part of entire regional and local budgets, particularly during economic downturns and fiscal uncertainty. An unexpected decline in revenue requires the reduction in capital expenditures and forces the regional government to find additional sources to close the budget gaps. Current studies indicate that budget forecasts often underpredict revenue and use the available information inefficiently. In this article, the authors examine chosen methods of forecasting regional government revenue. In addition to classical forecasting models based on time series and causal models, an original structural forecasting procedure was proposed, which is effective especially in case of data delay. The reliability of applied methods was assessed using data from the Polish area of Zachodniopomorskie over the period 2000–2018. The found evidence supported results that were obtained by many other researchers, which indicated that less comprehensive methods of forecasting can provide reasonably accurate estimates.

The study aimed to evaluate whether the regional funds allocated for energy efficiency and renewable energy are related to the quantity of air pollutants discharged and the stage of regional development, and whether the evidence of convergence of regional levels of renewable energy electricity generation can be provided. A comparative analysis of financial instrument implementation within regional programmes was conducted, with a particular focus on instruments dedicated to enhancing energy efficiency and utilising renewable energy. To verify the research hypotheses, statistical coefficients of correlation and concentration, along with trend and econometric models were applied. The findings have confirmed the rise in regional funds for energy efficiency and renewable energy, along with the growing importance of financial instruments in transforming the energy sector. The hypotheses that air pollutant emissions per unit of GDP generated are decreasing, there exists a regional convergence of renewable energy production per capita, and the spatial accumulation of renewable energy production is declining, have been confirmed. No correlation was found between the regional economic development and the level of funds allocated to energy efficiency and renewable energy. The lack of such relationships provides a convincing argument for appropriate state regulation.

Purpose: This study aims to present a problem of noise compensation related to the localization of single-family houses in the restricted use areas (RUA) created around airports. The authors presented different methodological approaches to the valuation of such amends and characterized distinct solutions applied in that area in chosen countries and cities. Design/methodology/approach: To estimate the level of those indemnities, linear models including spatial and generalized linear models, were applied. The set of explanatory variables contains quantitative and qualitative attributes of real estates. The influence of outliers indicated by means of cluster analysis on the received results were also considered. Findings: The results show that after accounting for noise level and house characteristics, houses in noisier areas were sold for less than houses subjected to less noise. Unit prices of houses located outside the RUA were on average 17.05 per cent higher than the prices observed in zone with noise level for the daytime of 60 dB and 8.95 per cent in zone characterized by noise level for the daytime of 55 dB. Practical implications: Received results can be compared with results obtained by other authors, but its most important application is possibility of use the proposed methodology by judicial appraisers to assess the proper level of noise compensation for home owners or tenants. Originality/value: An identification of real estate market heterogeneity and its considering in estimation of compensation related to airport noise evidence some novelty of the research.

The primary objective of the present study is to verify the anticipated positive impact of financial inclusion on the economic development of selected European economies between 2014 and 2023. This will be achieved by means of econometric models and the authors’ aggregate indices. The primary sources of data were statistical databases provided by the International Monetary Fund, World Development Indicators, and Eurostat. The findings of the study suggest that there is no clear link between the degree of financial inclusion and economic development among European Union member states. They also indicate that the impact of financial inclusion varies across European countries, both before and after the Coronavirus pandemic. However, it is imperative to exercise caution when interpreting these findings, primarily due to the structural break caused by the economic downturn in 2020 and the relatively small sample size. It is evident that in countries exhibiting a high level of development, certain standard variables employed to measure financial inclusion are found to be inadequate. The results of the study could be used to determine the favourable conditions for maximising the positive and sustainable influence of financial inclusion on the economy, and for reducing disparities in the levels of development exhibited by various countries.

The aim of this paper is to apply the concept of marginal vertical income convergence to analyze the influence of the two last economic downturns (2007 and 2020) on the sustainability of the equalization of income levels within the European Union. The methodology used enables us to avoid some restrictions of the classical analysis of income convergence. Income convergence models were estimated using data from the period 1993–2022, excluding the impact of outliers. The results confirm that we can observe the progressive process of the absolute income convergence for EU members, but there are significant differences between countries’ contributions to the process. These differences are caused by different paths of economic growth, and different mean resilience to economic crises, as well as different patterns of income inequalities. Their proper recognition allows us to develop efficient policies aimed at social cohesion, reducing income inequalities (the 10th Sustainable Development Goal), and sustainable economic development. Additionally, the estimated models indicated a definite different impact of the last two economic shocks on the European process of income convergence. The first shock significantly slowed down the income convergence process, while the second one was practically neutral in this context.