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Liang Liu
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

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Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Energies
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With the problem of environmental pollution and energy shortage becoming more and more serious, the fuel efficiency of automobile engines has attracted much attention, and variable valve technology is one of the important technologies to solve this problem. A novel fully variable valve actuation (FVVA) system based on a brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) is designed to achieve fully variable valve adjustment. The system uses a crank-moving guide rod mechanism to convert the rotary motion of the BLDCM into the linear motion of the valve. The fully variable valve system can realize real-time continuous adjustment of valve operating parameters through the motion control of BLDCM, including variable valve timing, variable valve opening duration, and variable lift. A BLDCM and a transmission mechanism for the FVVA system is designed in this paper. In order to better analyze the performance of the system, a dynamic model is established. Then, a three closed-loop control method is adopted to realize position control of the valve. Finally, a complete system model is established to verify the theory conclusions. The results show that the system can realize fully variable valve adjustment.

ACS Style

Longxin Jiang; Liang Liu; Xiaowei Peng; Zhaoping Xu. Design and Analysis of a Fully Variable Valve Actuation System. Energies 2020, 13, 6391 .

AMA Style

Longxin Jiang, Liang Liu, Xiaowei Peng, Zhaoping Xu. Design and Analysis of a Fully Variable Valve Actuation System. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longxin Jiang; Liang Liu; Xiaowei Peng; Zhaoping Xu. 2020. "Design and Analysis of a Fully Variable Valve Actuation System." Energies 13, no. 23: 6391.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2020 in Energies
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A free-piston engine is a novel internal combustion engine which has the advantages of a variable compression ratio and multi-fuel adaptability. This paper focuses on numerical simulation for combustion process and spray angle optimization of an opposed-piston free-piston engine. The working principle and spray-guided central combustor structure of the engine are discussed. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model with moving mesh is presented based on the tested piston motion of the prototype. Calculation conditions, spray models, and combustion models were set-up according to the same prototype. The effects of spray angle on fuel evaporation rate, mixture distribution, heat release rate, in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperature, and emissions were simulated and analyzed in detail. The research results indicate that the performance of the engine was very sensitive to the spray angle. The combustion efficiency and the indicated thermal efficiencies of 97.5% and 39.7% were obtained as the spray angle reached 40°.

ACS Style

Qinglin Zhang; Zhaoping Xu; Shuangshuang Liu; Liang Liu. Effects of Injector Spray Angle on Performance of an Opposed-Piston Free-Piston Engine. Energies 2020, 13, 3735 .

AMA Style

Qinglin Zhang, Zhaoping Xu, Shuangshuang Liu, Liang Liu. Effects of Injector Spray Angle on Performance of an Opposed-Piston Free-Piston Engine. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3735.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinglin Zhang; Zhaoping Xu; Shuangshuang Liu; Liang Liu. 2020. "Effects of Injector Spray Angle on Performance of an Opposed-Piston Free-Piston Engine." Energies 13, no. 14: 3735.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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As a new type of advanced electrical power generation system, free-piston engines can be applied to many fields, such as electric vehicles and communication base stations. In this paper, a novel tubular moving magnet linear generator system is designed for free-piston engines. A three-dimensional finite element model of the designed linear generator is presented using a transient computing method with a motion solver. The electromagnetic force, electromotive force, and generating efficiency of the designed linear generator are analyzed in detail. A prototype is manufactured and tested under laboratory conditions, and then the main performance of the prototype is evaluated using the validated finite element model. The electromagnetic analysis in this paper indicates that a generating efficiency of 91.4% can be obtained by the moving magnet linear generator under the rated working frequency of 50 Hz. Compared with the existing moving coil linear generator prototype, the power volume density and the power mass density of the new designed moving magnet linear generator prototype are increased by 150% and 35%.

ACS Style

Yunqin Hu; Zhaoping Xu; Ye Sun; Liang Liu. Electromagnetic Characteristics Analysis of a Tubular Moving Magnet Linear Generator System. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3713 .

AMA Style

Yunqin Hu, Zhaoping Xu, Ye Sun, Liang Liu. Electromagnetic Characteristics Analysis of a Tubular Moving Magnet Linear Generator System. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):3713.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunqin Hu; Zhaoping Xu; Ye Sun; Liang Liu. 2020. "Electromagnetic Characteristics Analysis of a Tubular Moving Magnet Linear Generator System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11: 3713.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Electronics
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A free-piston engine generator is a new type of power generating device, which has the advantages of high efficiency and simple structure. In this paper, a linear motor system composed of a moving-coil linear motor with axial magnetized magnets and a H-bridge pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifier is designed for portable free-piston engine generators. Based on the finite-element model of the motor and physical model of the rectifier, the combined electromagnetic model is presented and then validated by the prototype-tested results. The electromagnetic processes of the linear motor system are simulated. The electromagnetic losses during the standard working cycle are analyzed. Under the rated reciprocating frequency of 50 Hz and the rated reciprocating stroke of 36 mm, the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of 86.3% can be obtained by the linear motor system, which meets the requirement of portable free-piston engine generators.

ACS Style

Yunqin Hu; Zhaoping Xu; Lijie Yang; Liang Liu. Electromagnetic Loss Analysis of a Linear Motor System Designed for a Free-Piston Engine Generator. Electronics 2020, 9, 621 .

AMA Style

Yunqin Hu, Zhaoping Xu, Lijie Yang, Liang Liu. Electromagnetic Loss Analysis of a Linear Motor System Designed for a Free-Piston Engine Generator. Electronics. 2020; 9 (4):621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunqin Hu; Zhaoping Xu; Lijie Yang; Liang Liu. 2020. "Electromagnetic Loss Analysis of a Linear Motor System Designed for a Free-Piston Engine Generator." Electronics 9, no. 4: 621.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Energies
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In this paper, an electromagnetic variable valve train with a magnetorheological buffer (EMVT with MR buffer) is proposed. This system is mainly composed of an electromagnetic linear actuator (EMLA) and a magnetorheological buffer (MR buffer). The valves of an internal combustion engine are driven by the EMLA directly to open and close, which can adjust the valve lift and phase angle of the engine. At the same time, MR buffer can reduce the seat velocity of the valve and realize the seat buffer of the electromagnetic variable valve. In this paper, the overall design scheme of the system is proposed and the structure design, finite element simulation of the EMLA, and the MR buffer are carried out. The electromagnetic force characteristics of the EMLA and buffer force of the MR buffer are measured, and the seat buffering performance is verified as well. Experiments and simulation results show that the electromagnetic force of the EMLA can reach 320.3 N when the maximum coil current is 40 A. When the current of the buffer coil is 2.5 A and the piston’s motion frequency is 5 Hz, the buffering force can reach 35 N. At the same time, a soft landing can be realized when the valve is seated.

ACS Style

He Guo; Liang Liu; Xiangbin Zhu; Siqin Chang; Zhaoping Xu. Design of an Electromagnetic Variable Valve Train with a Magnetorheological Buffer. Energies 2019, 12, 3999 .

AMA Style

He Guo, Liang Liu, Xiangbin Zhu, Siqin Chang, Zhaoping Xu. Design of an Electromagnetic Variable Valve Train with a Magnetorheological Buffer. Energies. 2019; 12 (20):3999.

Chicago/Turabian Style

He Guo; Liang Liu; Xiangbin Zhu; Siqin Chang; Zhaoping Xu. 2019. "Design of an Electromagnetic Variable Valve Train with a Magnetorheological Buffer." Energies 12, no. 20: 3999.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2019 in Electronics
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Electromagnetic fully variable valve train (EMVT) technology promises to improve the fuel economy and optimize the engine performance. A novel EMVT equipped with a magnetorheological buffer (EMVT with MR buffer) is proposed to suppress the valve seating impact in this paper. The magnetorheological buffer can adjust the damping characteristics of the whole system in the seating process. Valve precise motion control and better seating performance can be achieved through the coordinated control of electromagnetic linear actuator (EMLA) and MR buffer. For better analysis of system performance, establishing an accurate system dynamic model is the basis of the coordinated control system. A high-order nonlinear precise model integrating dynamics, electromagnetism, and fluid mechanic was established. Then, the Jacobi linearization model is carried out at the equilibrium seating point to build a control-oriented linearized model. The correctness and accuracy of the linearized model is verified. Experiments and simulations show that the valve precise motion can be well controlled to achieve fully variable actuation. And the valve soft landing can be completed under collaborative control.

ACS Style

Xiangbin Zhu; Liang Liu; He Guo; Zhaoping Xu; Wenguo Hou; Lu Niu; Zhu; Liu; Guo; Xu; Hou; Niu. Modeling and Analysis of an Electromagnetic Fully Variable Valve Train with a Magnetorheological Buffer. Electronics 2019, 8, 996 .

AMA Style

Xiangbin Zhu, Liang Liu, He Guo, Zhaoping Xu, Wenguo Hou, Lu Niu, Zhu, Liu, Guo, Xu, Hou, Niu. Modeling and Analysis of an Electromagnetic Fully Variable Valve Train with a Magnetorheological Buffer. Electronics. 2019; 8 (9):996.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiangbin Zhu; Liang Liu; He Guo; Zhaoping Xu; Wenguo Hou; Lu Niu; Zhu; Liu; Guo; Xu; Hou; Niu. 2019. "Modeling and Analysis of an Electromagnetic Fully Variable Valve Train with a Magnetorheological Buffer." Electronics 8, no. 9: 996.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2019 in Applied Sciences
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Camless valvetrains have become a promising direction to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. In this paper, an electric load simulator is proposed to simulate and implement gas force on the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains under semi-physical conditions. According to test data, the 1D gas-dynamic model was established to get boundary conditions and initial values for 3D finite element simulation. The 3D finite element simulation model was solved to obtain the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains. The electromagnetic actuator was designed according to the system scheme and performance requirements of the electric load simulator. The PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) algorithm was designed to control the output force of the electric load simulator and reproduce the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve. It was found that the output force of the electric load simulator could follow the variation of the target gas force and meet the performance requirements of the electric load simulator based on simulation results and experimental results.

ACS Style

Lingling Zhang; Liang Liu; Xiangbin Zhu; Zhaoping Xu. An Electric Load Simulator for Engine Camless Valvetrains. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1591 .

AMA Style

Lingling Zhang, Liang Liu, Xiangbin Zhu, Zhaoping Xu. An Electric Load Simulator for Engine Camless Valvetrains. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (8):1591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lingling Zhang; Liang Liu; Xiangbin Zhu; Zhaoping Xu. 2019. "An Electric Load Simulator for Engine Camless Valvetrains." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8: 1591.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2019 in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
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Free-piston engine coupled with linear generator is a new kind of thermoelectric energy converter. It has been highly concerned due to its high efficiency and low emission in recent years. In this paper, a tubular moving-coil linear generator is developed for the application of free-piston engines. The two-dimensional finite-element model of the linear generator is established, and its electromagnetic characteristics are analyzed. A power converter is designed to control the operating state and the electric current of the linear generator. A prototype is developed and used in a free-piston engine with a bore of 102mm, and the main performance parameters are tested. According to the simulated and tested results, the linear generator can realize the stable running of free-piston engines. The generating efficiency at peak power of the linear generator is about 95.2%, the averaged generating efficiency during a working cycle is about 87.5%, the peak power of the linear generator is about 16.77kW, and the averaged generating power of 3.37kW can be achieved at the working frequency of 10Hz.

ACS Style

Lijie Yang; Zhaoping Xu; Liang Liu; Nianpeng Liu; Houliang Yu. A Tubular PM Linear Generator With a Coreless Moving-Coil for Free-Piston Engines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2019, 34, 1309 -1316.

AMA Style

Lijie Yang, Zhaoping Xu, Liang Liu, Nianpeng Liu, Houliang Yu. A Tubular PM Linear Generator With a Coreless Moving-Coil for Free-Piston Engines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2019; 34 (3):1309-1316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lijie Yang; Zhaoping Xu; Liang Liu; Nianpeng Liu; Houliang Yu. 2019. "A Tubular PM Linear Generator With a Coreless Moving-Coil for Free-Piston Engines." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 34, no. 3: 1309-1316.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2018 in Applied Sciences
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The camless electromagnetic valve train (EMVT), as a fully flexible variable valve train, has enormous potential for improving engine performances. In this paper, a new valve strategy based on the electromagnetic intake valve train (EMIV) is proposed to achieve variable cylinder deactivation (VCD) on a four-cylinder gasoline engine. The 1D engine model was constructed in GT-Power according to test data. In order to analyze the VCD operation with the proposed valve strategy, the 1D model was validated using a 3D code. The effects of the proposed valve strategy were investigated from the perspective of energy loss of the transition period, the mass fraction of oxygen in the exhaust pipe, and the minimum in-cylinder pressure of the active cycle. On the premise of avoiding high exhaust oxygen and oil suction, the intake valve timing can be determined with the variation features of energy losses. It was found that at 1200 and 1600 rpm, fuel economy was improved by 12.5–16.6% and 9.7–14.6%, respectively, under VCD in conjunction with the early intake valve closing (EIVC) strategy when the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) ranged from 0.3 MPa to 0.2 MPa.

ACS Style

Maoyang Hu; Siqin Chang; Yaxuan Xu; Liang Liu. Study on Valve Strategy of Variable Cylinder Deactivation Based on Electromagnetic Intake Valve Train. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 2096 .

AMA Style

Maoyang Hu, Siqin Chang, Yaxuan Xu, Liang Liu. Study on Valve Strategy of Variable Cylinder Deactivation Based on Electromagnetic Intake Valve Train. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (11):2096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maoyang Hu; Siqin Chang; Yaxuan Xu; Liang Liu. 2018. "Study on Valve Strategy of Variable Cylinder Deactivation Based on Electromagnetic Intake Valve Train." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11: 2096.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2018 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Electromagnetic valve train (EMVT) shows enormous potential for the improvement of IC engine thermal efficiency. The combustion gas pressure is one of challenges with EMVT applied to exhaust system, which makes serious disturbances to the opening performance and increases the energy consumption of EMVT. Therefore, coupled models between mathematical model of EMVT and engine thermodynamic model are carried out to study the effect of combustion gas pressure on EMVT. The experiments are established based on electromagnetic linear load simulator innovatively, which has fast dynamic response and high loading precision. With the electromagnetic linear load simulator, realistic combustion gas pressure conditions can be produced accurately. Simulation and experimental results show robust valve opening performance for large variations in combustion gas pressure, and the opening transition time keeps a constant of 3ms at different gas pressure conditions, but the valve opening has a delay of 0.2ms per 0.1MPa. Further, we get the conclusion that gas pressure would cause an increase of EMVT’s energy consumption. At the condition of 0.6MPa gas pressure, energy consumption has an increase of 85.6%, which mainly embodies in the differential pressure loss and increase of copper loss, while the iron loss and mechanical loss remains approximately constants.

ACS Style

Xinyu Fan; Siqin Chang; Jiayu Lu; Liang Liu; Shouguang Yao; Min Xiao. Energy consumption investigation of electromagnetic valve train at gas pressure conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 146, 768 -774.

AMA Style

Xinyu Fan, Siqin Chang, Jiayu Lu, Liang Liu, Shouguang Yao, Min Xiao. Energy consumption investigation of electromagnetic valve train at gas pressure conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 146 ():768-774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xinyu Fan; Siqin Chang; Jiayu Lu; Liang Liu; Shouguang Yao; Min Xiao. 2018. "Energy consumption investigation of electromagnetic valve train at gas pressure conditions." Applied Thermal Engineering 146, no. : 768-774.

Article
Published: 23 January 2018 in Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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Electromagnetic linear actuators are widely used as drives in gas regulating valve, which is the key factor to determine the performance of the gas valve. In order to improve the performance of Electromagnetic direct-drive gas valve (EMDGV), a compound controller for non-repetitive point-to-point motions was proposed in this paper, combining with the advantages of Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), Time-optimal control (TOC) and Sliding mode control (SMC). Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has the characteristics of fast response and high precision, and can achieve soft landing control. The response time is less than 8 ms, the control accuracy is 0.02 mm, and the seating velocity is within 0.04 m/s. The proposed method also has strong robustness to actuator parameter variation and good anti-disturbance ability.

ACS Style

Jiayu Lu; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu; Xinyu Fan. Point-to-point motions control of an electromagnetic direct-drive gas valve. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 2018, 32, 363 -371.

AMA Style

Jiayu Lu, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu, Xinyu Fan. Point-to-point motions control of an electromagnetic direct-drive gas valve. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2018; 32 (1):363-371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiayu Lu; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu; Xinyu Fan. 2018. "Point-to-point motions control of an electromagnetic direct-drive gas valve." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 32, no. 1: 363-371.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2018 in Energies
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This paper presents a control strategy to improve the output power for a single-cylinder two-stroke free-piston linear generator (FPLG). The comprehensive simulation model of this FPLG is established and the operation principle is introduced. The factors that affect the output power are analyzed theoretically. The characteristics of the piston motion are studied. Considering the different features of the piston motion respectively in acceleration and deceleration phases, a ladder-like electromagnetic force control strategy is proposed. According to the status of the linear electric machine, the reference profile of the electromagnetic force is divided into four ladder-like stages during one motion cycle. The piston motions, especially the dead center errors, are controlled by regulating the profile of the electromagnetic force. The feasibility and advantage of the proposed control strategy are verified through comparison analyses with two conventional control strategies via MatLab/Simulink. The results state that the proposed control strategy can improve the output power by around 7–10% with the same fuel cycle mass.

ACS Style

Chi Zhang; Feixue Chen; Long Li; Zhaoping Xu; Liang Liu; Guilin Yang; Hongyuan Lian; Yingzhong Tian. A Free-Piston Linear Generator Control Strategy for Improving Output Power. Energies 2018, 11, 135 .

AMA Style

Chi Zhang, Feixue Chen, Long Li, Zhaoping Xu, Liang Liu, Guilin Yang, Hongyuan Lian, Yingzhong Tian. A Free-Piston Linear Generator Control Strategy for Improving Output Power. Energies. 2018; 11 (1):135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi Zhang; Feixue Chen; Long Li; Zhaoping Xu; Liang Liu; Guilin Yang; Hongyuan Lian; Yingzhong Tian. 2018. "A Free-Piston Linear Generator Control Strategy for Improving Output Power." Energies 11, no. 1: 135.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Maoyang Hu; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu; Yaxuan Xu; Jiangtao Xu. Design and analysis of skip fire valve strategies based on electromagnetic valve train. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 129, 833 -840.

AMA Style

Maoyang Hu, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu, Yaxuan Xu, Jiangtao Xu. Design and analysis of skip fire valve strategies based on electromagnetic valve train. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 129 ():833-840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maoyang Hu; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu; Yaxuan Xu; Jiangtao Xu. 2018. "Design and analysis of skip fire valve strategies based on electromagnetic valve train." Applied Thermal Engineering 129, no. : 833-840.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Applied Soft Computing
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ACS Style

Cao Tan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. Hierarchical genetic-particle swarm optimization for bistable permanent magnet actuators. Applied Soft Computing 2017, 61, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Cao Tan, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu. Hierarchical genetic-particle swarm optimization for bistable permanent magnet actuators. Applied Soft Computing. 2017; 61 ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cao Tan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. 2017. "Hierarchical genetic-particle swarm optimization for bistable permanent magnet actuators." Applied Soft Computing 61, no. : 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2017 in International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
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ACS Style

Cao Tan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. Hybrid excited linear actuator for direct drive valves. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 2017, 55, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Cao Tan, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu. Hybrid excited linear actuator for direct drive valves. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2017; 55 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cao Tan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. 2017. "Hybrid excited linear actuator for direct drive valves." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 55, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2017 in International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
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ACS Style

Cao Tan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. Dynamic performance design and analysis of hybrid excited linear actuator for on-off valve. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 2017, 54, 199 -209.

AMA Style

Cao Tan, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu. Dynamic performance design and analysis of hybrid excited linear actuator for on-off valve. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2017; 54 (2):199-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cao Tan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. 2017. "Dynamic performance design and analysis of hybrid excited linear actuator for on-off valve." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 54, no. 2: 199-209.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Xinyu Fan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu; Jiayu Lu. Realization and optimization of high compression ratio engine with electromagnetic valve train. Applied Thermal Engineering 2017, 112, 371 -377.

AMA Style

Xinyu Fan, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu, Jiayu Lu. Realization and optimization of high compression ratio engine with electromagnetic valve train. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2017; 112 ():371-377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xinyu Fan; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu; Jiayu Lu. 2017. "Realization and optimization of high compression ratio engine with electromagnetic valve train." Applied Thermal Engineering 112, no. : 371-377.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2016 in Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
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One new kind of gas injection devices (GIDs), with moving-coil electromagnetic linear actuator (MCELA) and mushroom-type poppet valve, was projected to inject sufficient compressed natural gas (CNG) to a large-bore port fuel injection (PFI) engine. It had larger mass flow rate and better controllability than conventional GID. And the transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) engine model incorporating the GID's motion was established to analyze the effects of the GID injection angle and poppet valve opening manner on the mixing homogeneity in the intake port, and finally, the in-cylinder mixing performance and gas movement intensity were compared. The results indicate that with the increasing of injection angle, the mixing homogeneity in the near-field injection location of intake port will be better, and the time when fuel starts to get into cylinder will be later. At ignition time, the injection angles 60 deg, 90 deg, and 120 deg show better in-cylinder mixing performance, while 150 deg has the worst. The pull-open GID injects more momentum to the intake port than the push-open one, and the mixing degree both in the intake port and cylinder is higher.

ACS Style

Tianbo Wang; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. Influence of Injection Angle and Valve Opening Manner on Mixing Performance in a Large-Bore Port Fuel Injection Compressed Natural Gas-Fueled Engine. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 2016, 138, 122804 .

AMA Style

Tianbo Wang, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu. Influence of Injection Angle and Valve Opening Manner on Mixing Performance in a Large-Bore Port Fuel Injection Compressed Natural Gas-Fueled Engine. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 2016; 138 (12):122804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianbo Wang; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. 2016. "Influence of Injection Angle and Valve Opening Manner on Mixing Performance in a Large-Bore Port Fuel Injection Compressed Natural Gas-Fueled Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138, no. 12: 122804.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2016 in International Journal of Automotive Technology
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Electromagnetic valve train (EMVT) in camless engine offers large potential for both part load fuel economy and high load engine torque. However, it is more difficult to be applied on exhaust system than intake system. Because the gas pressure brings high demands for driving force, especially at high engine speed and full load. Based on the working characters of actuator, a method by increasing the transient currents in windings during valve’s opening motion is suggested to overcome the gas pressure. But this will cause more energy losses and heat. In order to make the EMVT used on exhaust system better, quantitative analysis is carried out against the additional power consumption caused by gas pressure under different conditions. Furthermore, an approach is introduced to define the optimal exhaust valve opening motion at full load conditions. It aims at making a better compromise between the engine power output and exhaust valves’ power consumption, thus both the efficiency of EMVT and engine performance are enhanced.

ACS Style

X. Y. Fan; L. Liu; S. Q. Chang; J. T. Xu; J. G. Dai. Electromagnetic valve train for gasoline engine exhaust system. International Journal of Automotive Technology 2016, 17, 361 -367.

AMA Style

X. Y. Fan, L. Liu, S. Q. Chang, J. T. Xu, J. G. Dai. Electromagnetic valve train for gasoline engine exhaust system. International Journal of Automotive Technology. 2016; 17 (3):361-367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

X. Y. Fan; L. Liu; S. Q. Chang; J. T. Xu; J. G. Dai. 2016. "Electromagnetic valve train for gasoline engine exhaust system." International Journal of Automotive Technology 17, no. 3: 361-367.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
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ACS Style

Jianguo Dai; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. Optimization analysis of Electromagnetic Linear Actuator's radial array permanent magnets. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 2015, 47, 441 -451.

AMA Style

Jianguo Dai, Siqin Chang, Liang Liu. Optimization analysis of Electromagnetic Linear Actuator's radial array permanent magnets. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2015; 47 (2):441-451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianguo Dai; Siqin Chang; Liang Liu. 2015. "Optimization analysis of Electromagnetic Linear Actuator's radial array permanent magnets." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 47, no. 2: 441-451.