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Dr. Andrey Karasev
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering

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0 casting and solidification
0 Steelmaking technology
0 Non-metallic inclusion
0 Ladle Treatment
0 steel quality

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Materials
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Different stainless steel slags have been successfully employed in previous experiments, for the treatment of industrial acidic wastewaters. Although, before this technology can be implemented on an industrial scale, upscaled pilot experiments need to be performed. In this study, the parameters of the upscale trials, such as the volume and mixing speeds, are firstly tested by dispersing a NaCl tracer in a water bath. Mixing time trials are used to maintain constant mixing conditions when the volumes are increased to 70, 80 and 90 L, compared to the 1 L laboratory trials. Subsequently, the parameters obtained are used in pH buffering trials, where stainless steel slags are used as reactants, replicating the methodology of previous studies. Compared to laboratory trials, the study found only a minor loss of efficiency. Specifically, in previous studies, 39 g/L of slag was needed to buffer the pH of the acidic wastewaters. To reach similar pH values within the same time span, upscaled trials found a ratio of 43 g/L and 44 g/L when 70 and 90 L are used, respectively. Therefore, when the kinetic conditions are controlled, the technology appears to be scalable to higher volumes. This is an important finding that hopefully promotes further investments in this technology.

ACS Style

Mattia De Colle; Rahul Puthucode; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson. A Study of Treatment of Industrial Acidic Wastewaters with Stainless Steel Slags Using Pilot Trials. Materials 2021, 14, 4806 .

AMA Style

Mattia De Colle, Rahul Puthucode, Andrey Karasev, Pär G. Jönsson. A Study of Treatment of Industrial Acidic Wastewaters with Stainless Steel Slags Using Pilot Trials. Materials. 2021; 14 (17):4806.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattia De Colle; Rahul Puthucode; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson. 2021. "A Study of Treatment of Industrial Acidic Wastewaters with Stainless Steel Slags Using Pilot Trials." Materials 14, no. 17: 4806.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Sustainability
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A six day industrial trial using hydrochar as part of the carbon source for hot metal production was performed in a production blast furnace (BF). The hydrochar came from two types of feedstocks, namely an organic mixed biosludge generated from pulp and paper production and an organic green waste residue. These sludges and residues were upgraded to hydrochar in the form of pellets by using a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. Then, the hydrochar pellets were pressed into briquettes together with commonly used briquetting material (in-plant fines such as fines from pellets and scraps, dust, etc. generated from the steel plant) and the briquettes were top charged into the blast furnace. In total, 418 tons of hydrochar briquettes were produced. The aim of the trials was to investigate the stability and productivity of the blast furnace during charging of these experimental briquettes. The results show that briquettes containing hydrochar from pulp and paper industries waste and green waste can partially be used for charging in blast furnaces together with conventional briquettes. Most of the technological parameters of the BF process, such as the production rate of hot metal (<1.5% difference between reference days and trial days), amount of dust, fuel rate and amount of injected coal, amount of slag, as well as contents of FeO in slag and %C, %S and %P in the hot metal in the experimental trials were very similar compared to those in the reference periods (two days before and two days after the trials) without using these experimental charge materials. Thus, it was proven that hydrochar derived from various types of organic residues could be used for metallurgical applications. While in this trial campaign only small amounts of hydrochar were used, nevertheless, these positive results support our efforts to perform more in-depth investigations in this direction in the future.

ACS Style

Tova Jarnerud; Andrey Karasev; Chuan Wang; Frida Bäck; Pär Jönsson. Utilization of Organic Mixed Biosludge from Pulp and Paper Industries and Green Waste as Carbon Sources in Blast Furnace Hot Metal Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7706 .

AMA Style

Tova Jarnerud, Andrey Karasev, Chuan Wang, Frida Bäck, Pär Jönsson. Utilization of Organic Mixed Biosludge from Pulp and Paper Industries and Green Waste as Carbon Sources in Blast Furnace Hot Metal Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7706.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tova Jarnerud; Andrey Karasev; Chuan Wang; Frida Bäck; Pär Jönsson. 2021. "Utilization of Organic Mixed Biosludge from Pulp and Paper Industries and Green Waste as Carbon Sources in Blast Furnace Hot Metal Production." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7706.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Materials
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In this study, CaO-containing wastes from pulp and paper industries such as fly ash (FA) and calcined lime mud (LM) were utilized to neutralize and purify acidic wastewaters from the pickling processes in steel mills. The investigations were conducted by laboratory scale trials using four different batches of wastewaters and additions of two types of CaO-containing waste materials. Primary lime (PL), which is usually used for the neutralization, was also tested in the same experimental set up in the sake of comparison. The results show that these secondary lime sources can effectively increase the pH of the acidic wastewaters as good as the commonly used primary lime. Therefore, these secondary lime sources could be potential candidates for application in neutralization processes of industrial acidic wastewater treatment. Moreover, concentrations of metals (such as Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo and Zn) can decrease dramatically after neutralization by using secondary lime. The LM has a purification effect from the given metals, similar to the PL. Application of fly ash and calcined lime mud as neutralizing agents can reduce the amount of waste from pulp and paper mills sent to landfill and decrease the need for nature lime materials in the steel industry.

ACS Style

Tova Jarnerud; Andrey Karasev; Pär Jönsson. Neutralization of Acidic Wastewater from a Steel Plant by Using CaO-Containing Waste Materials from Pulp and Paper Industries. Materials 2021, 14, 2653 .

AMA Style

Tova Jarnerud, Andrey Karasev, Pär Jönsson. Neutralization of Acidic Wastewater from a Steel Plant by Using CaO-Containing Waste Materials from Pulp and Paper Industries. Materials. 2021; 14 (10):2653.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tova Jarnerud; Andrey Karasev; Pär Jönsson. 2021. "Neutralization of Acidic Wastewater from a Steel Plant by Using CaO-Containing Waste Materials from Pulp and Paper Industries." Materials 14, no. 10: 2653.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Metals
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The characteristics of elongated MnS have a critical effect on fatigue anisotropy and all mechanical anisotropies. A comparative investigation of nonmetallic inclusions in both stainless steels and tool steels has been carried out in this study. The inclusion characteristics were investigated using electrolytic extraction (EE) followed by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Overall, three types of MnS inclusions (type I (regular), type II (irregular) and type III (Rod)) were found in tool steels in as-cast samples, which had not been heat-treated. Furthermore, three types of MnS inclusions (Rod-like sulfide (RS), Plate-like sulfide (PS) and Oxysulfide (OS)) were found in samples taken after rolling. Based on the breakability of the elongated MnS, three types of inclusions, Type UU, UB and BB, where U represents the undamaged or unbroken edge of an inclusion and B represents the fragment or broken edge of an inclusion, were studied in both stainless steels and tool steels both before and after additional heat treatment. The effect of heat treatment and dissolving the metal layer during the EE process is also discussed. The results show that both processes have a limited effect on the breakability of inclusions in steels with carbon contents <0.42 mass%.

ACS Style

Shuo Guo; Andrey Karasev; Anders Tilliander; Pär Jönsson. Evaluation of Sulfide Inclusions before and after Deformation of Steel by Using the Electrolytic Extraction Method. Metals 2021, 11, 543 .

AMA Style

Shuo Guo, Andrey Karasev, Anders Tilliander, Pär Jönsson. Evaluation of Sulfide Inclusions before and after Deformation of Steel by Using the Electrolytic Extraction Method. Metals. 2021; 11 (4):543.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuo Guo; Andrey Karasev; Anders Tilliander; Pär Jönsson. 2021. "Evaluation of Sulfide Inclusions before and after Deformation of Steel by Using the Electrolytic Extraction Method." Metals 11, no. 4: 543.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Metals
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In this study, a complete and comprehensive analysis of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in an Fe-10%Ni alloy was done by using two modern analytical methods that complement each other: Electrolytic Extraction (EE) of inclusions from metal samples followed by investigations by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fractional Gas Analysis (FGA). The composition, morphology, size and number of different NMIs and clusters were investigated in metal samples taken after deoxidation by additions of Ti, Ti/Zr and Ti/Mg. The obtained results were discussed with respect to formation, modification and removal of NMIs and clusters depending on the type of deoxidations and the holding time. It was found that the peaks of oxygen reduced from different oxide inclusions obtained by the FGA measurements corresponded well to the main types of inclusions and clusters observed by using the EE + SEM method. More specifically, the total O content in oxide inclusions (ONMI) increases by 10% after a Zr addition and then decreases linearly by 40% during 5 min of holding due to flotation of NMIs and clusters. However, after a Mg addition in the melt deoxidized by Ti, the ONMI content decreases drastically by 63% during 5 min of holding, due to a fast floatation of NMIs caused by bubbles of vaporized Mg.

ACS Style

Andrey Karasev; Dmitry Gorkusha; Konstantin Grigorovich; Pär Jönsson. Application of Some Modern Analytical Techniques for Characterization of Non-Metallic Inclusions in a Fe-10mass%Ni Alloy Deoxidized by Ti/Zr and Ti/Mg. Metals 2021, 11, 448 .

AMA Style

Andrey Karasev, Dmitry Gorkusha, Konstantin Grigorovich, Pär Jönsson. Application of Some Modern Analytical Techniques for Characterization of Non-Metallic Inclusions in a Fe-10mass%Ni Alloy Deoxidized by Ti/Zr and Ti/Mg. Metals. 2021; 11 (3):448.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrey Karasev; Dmitry Gorkusha; Konstantin Grigorovich; Pär Jönsson. 2021. "Application of Some Modern Analytical Techniques for Characterization of Non-Metallic Inclusions in a Fe-10mass%Ni Alloy Deoxidized by Ti/Zr and Ti/Mg." Metals 11, no. 3: 448.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2020 in Metals
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The focus of the study was to define the origin of the inclusions in production-scale electro-slag remelting, (ESR) and electro-slag remelting under a protected pressure controlled atmosphere, (PESR), ingots. The inclusion characteristics in production samples were studied using both polished sample surfaces (two-dimensional (2-D) investigations) and inclusions extracted from steel samples by electrolytic extraction (three-dimensional (3-D) investigations) using SEM in combination with EDS. The results were compared to results from previously reported laboratory-, pilot-, and production-scale trials including electrode, remelted, and conventional ingots. The results show that primary, semi-secondary, and secondary inclusions exist in the remelted ingots. The most probable inclusion to survive from the electrode is a MgO-Al2O3 (spinel). It was also found that the ESR/PESR process slag acts in a similar way to a calcium treatment modification of alumina inclusions. On the whole, the most significant finding is that the overall cleanliness of the electrode including the inclusions in the electrode has an influence on the inclusion content of the ESR and PESR ingots.

ACS Style

Ewa Sjöqvist Persson; Andrey Karasev; Alec Mitchell; Pär G. Jönsson. Origin of the Inclusions in Production-Scale Electrodes, ESR Ingots, and PESR Ingots in a Martensitic Stainless Steel. Metals 2020, 10, 1620 .

AMA Style

Ewa Sjöqvist Persson, Andrey Karasev, Alec Mitchell, Pär G. Jönsson. Origin of the Inclusions in Production-Scale Electrodes, ESR Ingots, and PESR Ingots in a Martensitic Stainless Steel. Metals. 2020; 10 (12):1620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Sjöqvist Persson; Andrey Karasev; Alec Mitchell; Pär G. Jönsson. 2020. "Origin of the Inclusions in Production-Scale Electrodes, ESR Ingots, and PESR Ingots in a Martensitic Stainless Steel." Metals 10, no. 12: 1620.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Metals
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Three CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were produced by vacuum induction melting, induction melting under inert gas atmosphere, and melting under inert gas atmosphere followed by air exposure, respectively. The different manufacturing conditions for the three investigated alloys resulted in different levels and types of inclusions. The alloys melted under vacuum or inert gas contained Al2O3 inclusions formed by impurity Al, due to its high oxidation tendency. The molten alloy exposed in air showed an excessive oxidation. During oxidation of the molten alloy in air, impurity Al was initially oxidized, and fine MnCr2O4 inclusions were formed rather than pure Al2O3 inclusions. This difference was analyzed based on thermodynamic calculations. Specifically, the influence of impurity content on the inclusion characteristics was investigated for the three HEAs. Moreover, the inclusion characteristics were found to have an influence on mechanical properties of the alloys also. In air-exposed HEA, smaller inclusions were formed, resulting in a higher dislocation density at the matrix/inclusion interface and thus strengthening of the HEA. Thus, it is proposed that atmospheric conditions could be an important factor to control the inclusion characteristics and to form fine inclusion particles, which could improve the mechanical properties of HEAs.

ACS Style

Nuri Choi; Nokeun Park; Jin-Kyung Kim; Andrey V. Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson; Joo Hyun Park. Influence of Manufacturing Conditions on Inclusion Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of FeCrNiMnCo Alloy. Metals 2020, 10, 1286 .

AMA Style

Nuri Choi, Nokeun Park, Jin-Kyung Kim, Andrey V. Karasev, Pär G. Jönsson, Joo Hyun Park. Influence of Manufacturing Conditions on Inclusion Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of FeCrNiMnCo Alloy. Metals. 2020; 10 (10):1286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuri Choi; Nokeun Park; Jin-Kyung Kim; Andrey V. Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson; Joo Hyun Park. 2020. "Influence of Manufacturing Conditions on Inclusion Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of FeCrNiMnCo Alloy." Metals 10, no. 10: 1286.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Metals
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Inclusions in steels and alloys are known to lower the resistance to deformation, as well as to lower the mechanical, corrosion and other properties. Studies of inclusions in nickel-based alloys are important since these materials could suffer from corrosion degradation in harsh operational conditions. This, in fact, could lead to a pitting initiation around the inclusions. Two industrial Ni-based alloys (alloy 718 and EP718) were investigated to determine the harmful effects of different inclusions on the corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloys. Specifically, the inclusion characteristics (such as composition, morphology, size, number and location) were determined for inclusions collected on film filters after electrolytic extraction and dissolution of a metal matrix around different inclusions on surfaces of metal samples after electrolytic extraction (EE). It was found that both Ni-based alloys contain various inclusion types: carbides (large size NbTi-C and small multicomponent carbides), nitrides TiNb-N and sulphides (TiNb-S in EP718 alloy). The most harmful effects on the corrosion resistance of metal were detected around sulphides and small carbides containing Mo, W, Cr. Dissolution effects were also observed around large carbides and nitrides, especially around inclusions larger than 10 µm. Moreover, the dissolution of a matrix around inclusions and clusters located on the grain boundaries were found to be 2.1–2.7 times larger compared to inclusions found inside of grains of the given alloy samples.

ACS Style

Ekaterina Alekseeva; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson; Aleksey Alkhimenko. Effect of Inclusions on the Corrosion Properties of the Nickel-Based Alloys 718 and EP718. Metals 2020, 10, 1177 .

AMA Style

Ekaterina Alekseeva, Andrey Karasev, Pär G. Jönsson, Aleksey Alkhimenko. Effect of Inclusions on the Corrosion Properties of the Nickel-Based Alloys 718 and EP718. Metals. 2020; 10 (9):1177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ekaterina Alekseeva; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson; Aleksey Alkhimenko. 2020. "Effect of Inclusions on the Corrosion Properties of the Nickel-Based Alloys 718 and EP718." Metals 10, no. 9: 1177.

Preprint
Published: 19 July 2020
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Inclusions in steels and alloys are known as factors that could lower deformation, mechanical, corrosion and other properties. Study of inclusions in nickel based alloys is important since these materials could suffer from corrosion degradation in harsh operational conditions, where inclusions could lead to a pitting initiation. For estimation of a harmful effect of different inclusions on corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloys, inclusion characteristics (such as composition, morphology, size, number and location) on film filter and dissolution of metal matrix around different inclusions on surfaces of metal samples after electrolytic extraction (EE) were investigated in two samples of industrial Ni-based alloys (alloy 718 and EP718). It was found that both Ni-based alloys have various inclusions: carbides (large size NbTi-C and small multicomponent carbides), nitrides TiNb-N and sulfides (TiNb-S in EP718 alloy). The higher harmful effect on corrosion resistance of metal was detected around sulfides and small carbides containing Mo, W, Cr. Dissolution effect was also observed around large carbides and nitrides, especially around inclusions having size more than 10 µm. Moreover, the dissolution of metal matrix around inclusions and clusters located on the grain boundaries is 2.1-2.7 times larger compared to that for those inclusions inside of grains of the given alloy samples.

ACS Style

Ekaterina Alekseeva; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson; Aleksey Alkhimenko. Effect of Inclusions on the Corrosion Properties of Nickel Based Alloys 718 and EP718. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ekaterina Alekseeva, Andrey Karasev, Pär G. Jönsson, Aleksey Alkhimenko. Effect of Inclusions on the Corrosion Properties of Nickel Based Alloys 718 and EP718. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ekaterina Alekseeva; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson; Aleksey Alkhimenko. 2020. "Effect of Inclusions on the Corrosion Properties of Nickel Based Alloys 718 and EP718." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2020 in Metals
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Currently, the available evaluation methods for determining the chip breakability in the industry are mainly based on subjective visual assessment of the chip formation by an operator during machining or on chips that were collected after the tests. However, in many cases, these methods cannot give us accurate quantitative differences for evaluation of the chip breakability of similar steel grades and similar sets of machining parameters. Thus, more sensitive methods are required to obtain more detailed information. In this study, a new method for the objective assessment of chip breakability based on quantitative determination of the weight distribution of chips (WDC) was tested and applied during machining of stainless steels without Ca treatment (316L) and with Ca treatment (316L + Ca). The obtained results show great consistencies and the reliability of this method. By using the WDC method, significant quantitative differences were obtained by the evaluation of chips, which were collected during the machining process of these two similar grades of steel at various cutting parameters, while, visually, these chips look very similar. More specifically, it was found that the Ca treatment of steel can improve the chip breakability of 316L + Ca steel in 80% of cutting trials, since a fraction of small light chips (Type I) from this steel increased and a fraction of large heavy chips (Type III) decreased accordingly. Moreover, the WDCs that were obtained at different cutting parameters were determined and compared in this study. The obtained results can be used for the optimization of chip breakability of each steel at different cutting parameters. The positive effect of Ca treatment of stainless steel was discussed in this study based on consideration of the modification of different non-metallic inclusions and their effect on the chip breakability during machining.

ACS Style

Hongying Du; Andrey Karasev; Thomas Björk; Simon Lövquist; Pär G. Jönsson. Assessment of Chip Breakability during Turning of Stainless Steels Based on Weight Distributions of Chips. Metals 2020, 10, 675 .

AMA Style

Hongying Du, Andrey Karasev, Thomas Björk, Simon Lövquist, Pär G. Jönsson. Assessment of Chip Breakability during Turning of Stainless Steels Based on Weight Distributions of Chips. Metals. 2020; 10 (5):675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongying Du; Andrey Karasev; Thomas Björk; Simon Lövquist; Pär G. Jönsson. 2020. "Assessment of Chip Breakability during Turning of Stainless Steels Based on Weight Distributions of Chips." Metals 10, no. 5: 675.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Materials
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Environmental aspects and the sustainable manufacturing of steels require producers to pay more and more attention to the efficient utilization of materials and waste products during steelmaking. This study is focused on the evaluation of possibilities for the recovery of metals (such as Fe, Ni and Cr) from waste products used for slag foaming in the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process. Two types of industrial briquettes were produced by mixing mill-scale from the hot rolling of stainless steels with anthracite and pet-coke, respectively. Thereafter, an assessment of the metal reduction processes in briquettes at high temperatures (1500 °C) was made by using laboratory thermo-gravimetric reduction experiments in an argon atmosphere. The amounts of metal, slag and gas obtained from the briquettes were estimated. In addition, the velocity and time for the removal of metal droplets from the liquid slag depending on the size of the metal droplets was estimated. It was found that up to 97% of metal droplets can be removed from the slag during the first 30 min. Moreover, results showed that most of the Cr, Ni and Fe (up to 93-100%) can be reduced from oxides of these metals in briquettes at 1500 °C. Moreover, the anthracite and pet-coke in the investigated briquettes have similar reduction capabilities. It was found that up to 330 kg of Fe, 28 kg of Ni and 66 kg of Cr per ton of added briquettes can be recovered from waste products by the industrial application of those briquettes for slag foaming in EAF.

ACS Style

Arkadiy Davydenko; Andrey Karasev; Björn Glaser; Pär Jönsson. Direct Reduction of Fe, Ni and Cr from Oxides of Waste Products Used in Briquettes for Slag Foaming in EAF. Materials 2019, 12, 3434 .

AMA Style

Arkadiy Davydenko, Andrey Karasev, Björn Glaser, Pär Jönsson. Direct Reduction of Fe, Ni and Cr from Oxides of Waste Products Used in Briquettes for Slag Foaming in EAF. Materials. 2019; 12 (20):3434.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arkadiy Davydenko; Andrey Karasev; Björn Glaser; Pär Jönsson. 2019. "Direct Reduction of Fe, Ni and Cr from Oxides of Waste Products Used in Briquettes for Slag Foaming in EAF." Materials 12, no. 20: 3434.

Conference paper
Published: 14 October 2019 in E3S Web of Conferences
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It is known that non-metallic inclusions (NMI) that are formed during steel production and heat treatment can significantly affect the properties of final steel products. Therefore, it is very important to be able to determine the content of harmful NMI in steels. Nickel-based alloys are widely used in the oil and gas recovery industry, due to a good combination of strength and corrosion properties. Earlier studies have shown that the corrosion properties in immersion test and electrochemical tests for Ni-based EP718 alloys are slightly lower than that for 718 alloys. The focus in this study was the influence of different NMI on the corrosion resistance of these alloys. The characteristics of inclusions (such as size, morphology, and chemical composition) were analysed by using the electrolytic extraction method followed by three-dimensional investigations using SEM in combination with EDS. It was found that some non-metallic inclusions in EP718 alloys significantly reduce its corrosion resistance. It was also shown that a primary dissolution of the metal matrix occurs around certain inclusions during electrolytic extraction. Based on obtained results, the corrosion active non-metallic inclusions can be determined in these Nickel-base alloys and some recommendations for optimization of their production technology can be formulated.

ACS Style

Andrey Karasev; Ekaterina Alekseeva; Aleksey Lukianov; Pär G. Jönsson. Characterization of non-metallic inclusions in corrosion -resistance nickel - based EP718 and 718 alloys by using electrolytic extraction method. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 121, 04004 .

AMA Style

Andrey Karasev, Ekaterina Alekseeva, Aleksey Lukianov, Pär G. Jönsson. Characterization of non-metallic inclusions in corrosion -resistance nickel - based EP718 and 718 alloys by using electrolytic extraction method. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 121 ():04004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrey Karasev; Ekaterina Alekseeva; Aleksey Lukianov; Pär G. Jönsson. 2019. "Characterization of non-metallic inclusions in corrosion -resistance nickel - based EP718 and 718 alloys by using electrolytic extraction method." E3S Web of Conferences 121, no. : 04004.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2019 in Applied Sciences
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Recycling of steelmaking slags has well-established applications, such as their use in cement, asphalt, or fertilizer industries. Although in some cases, such as the electric arc furnace (EAF) high-alloyed stainless-steel production, the slag’s high metal content prevents its use in such applications. This forces companies to accumulate it as waste. Using concepts such dematerialization, waste management, industrial symbiosis, and circular economy, the article drafts a conceptual framework on the best route to solving the landfilling issue, aiming at a zero-waste process re-design. An experimental part follows, with an investigation of the use of landfill slag as a substitute of limestone for the neutralization of acidic wastewater, produced by the rinsing of steel after the pickling process. Neutralization of acidic wastewater with both lime and slag samples was performed with two different methods. Two out of four slag samples tested proved their possible use, reaching desired pH values compared to lime neutralizations. Moreover, the clean waters resulting from the neutralizations with the use of both lime and slag were tested. In terms of hazardous element concentrations, neutralization with slag yielded similar results to lime. The results of these trials show that slag is a potential substitute of lime for the neutralization of acidic wastewater.

ACS Style

Mattia De Colle; Pär Jönsson; Andrey Karasev; Alicia Gauffin; Agnieszka Renman; Gunno Renman. The Use of High-Alloyed EAF Slag for the Neutralization of On-Site Produced Acidic Wastewater: The First Step Towards a Zero-Waste Stainless-Steel Production Process. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3974 .

AMA Style

Mattia De Colle, Pär Jönsson, Andrey Karasev, Alicia Gauffin, Agnieszka Renman, Gunno Renman. The Use of High-Alloyed EAF Slag for the Neutralization of On-Site Produced Acidic Wastewater: The First Step Towards a Zero-Waste Stainless-Steel Production Process. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (19):3974.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattia De Colle; Pär Jönsson; Andrey Karasev; Alicia Gauffin; Agnieszka Renman; Gunno Renman. 2019. "The Use of High-Alloyed EAF Slag for the Neutralization of On-Site Produced Acidic Wastewater: The First Step Towards a Zero-Waste Stainless-Steel Production Process." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 3974.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Materials
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A number of carbon-rich (containing up to 47 wt% C) and lime-rich (containing up to 96 wt% of CaO-compounds) waste products from the pulp and paper industries can be used in iron and steel industry as fuels and slag formers for various metallurgical processes such as blast furnaces (BF), cupola furnaces (CF), argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) converters and electric arc furnaces (EAF). In most cases, these wastes consist of different size powders. In order to facilitate loading, transportation and charging of these powder wastes, briquetting is required. In this study, a pulverized AOD slag was tested as a binder component for briquetting of CaO-containing wastes (such as mesa, lime mud and fly ash) from pulp and paper industries. Moreover, mechanical testing of the possibilities for loading, transportation and unloading operations were done, specifically drop test trials were done for briquettes with different chemical compositions and treatments such as heating and storage. The results showed that an addition of 10-20% of AOD slag as a binder component followed by heat-treatment at 850 °C significantly improved the mechanical properties of the CaO-containing briquettes. An application of these briquettes will significantly reduce the consumption of natural resources (such as nature lime) in the metallurgical processes. Moreover, it can reduce the landfill area of wastes from pulp and paper industries, which is important from an environmental point-of-view.

ACS Style

Tova Jarnerud; Andrey V. Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson. Briquetting of Wastes from Pulp and Paper Industries by Using AOD Converter Slag as Binders for Application in Metallurgy. Materials 2019, 12, 2888 .

AMA Style

Tova Jarnerud, Andrey V. Karasev, Pär G. Jönsson. Briquetting of Wastes from Pulp and Paper Industries by Using AOD Converter Slag as Binders for Application in Metallurgy. Materials. 2019; 12 (18):2888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tova Jarnerud; Andrey V. Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson. 2019. "Briquetting of Wastes from Pulp and Paper Industries by Using AOD Converter Slag as Binders for Application in Metallurgy." Materials 12, no. 18: 2888.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2019 in Metals
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Ferroalloys are integral constituents of the steelmaking process, since non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) from ferroalloys significantly influence the transformation of inclusions present in liquid steel or they are directly involved in casted steel. In this study, the characteristics of inclusions (such as the number, morphology, size, and composition) in different industrial ferroalloys (FeV, FeMo, FeB, and FeCr) were investigated using the electrolytic extraction (EE) technique. After extraction from the ferroalloy samples and filtration of the solution, the inclusions were investigated on a film filter. The three-dimensional (3D) investigations were conducted using a scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The characteristics of inclusions observed in the ferroalloys were compared with previous results and discussed with respect to their possible behaviors in the melt and their effects on the quality of the cast steels. The particle size distributions and floatation distances were plotted for the main inclusion types. The results showed that the most harmful inclusions in the ferroalloys investigated are the following: pure Al2O3 and high Al2O3-containing inclusions in FeV alloys; pure SiO2 and high SiO2-containing inclusions in FeMo alloys; Al2O3 and SiO2-containing inclusions in FeB alloys; and MnO-Cr2O3, Al2O3, and Cr2O3-based inclusions in FeCr alloys.

ACS Style

Yong Wang; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson. An Investigation of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Different Ferroalloys using Electrolytic Extraction. Metals 2019, 9, 687 .

AMA Style

Yong Wang, Andrey Karasev, Pär G. Jönsson. An Investigation of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Different Ferroalloys using Electrolytic Extraction. Metals. 2019; 9 (6):687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong Wang; Andrey Karasev; Pär G. Jönsson. 2019. "An Investigation of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Different Ferroalloys using Electrolytic Extraction." Metals 9, no. 6: 687.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2019 in Metals
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Corrosion rate in different steel grades (including oilfield pipeline steels) is determined by the presence of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in steels. Specifically, the effect of different inclusions on the quality of steels depends on their characteristics such as size, number, morphology, composition, and physical properties, as well as their location in the steel matrix. Therefore, the optimization and control of NMI in steels are very important today to obtain an improvement of the material properties of the final steel products. It is well known that a Ca-treatment of liquid steels in ladle before casting is an effective method for modification of non-metallic inclusions for improvement of the steel properties. Therefore, the NMI characteristics were evaluated in industrial steel samples of low carbon Ca-treated steel used for production of oil-pipelines. An electrolytic extraction technique was used for extraction of NMI from the steel samples followed by three-dimensional investigations of different inclusions and clusters by using SEM in combination with EDS. Moreover, the number and compositions of corrosion active non-metallic inclusions were estimated in hot rolled steel samples from two different heats. Finally, the corrosion resistance of these steels can be discussed depending on the characteristics of non-metallic inclusions present in the steel.

ACS Style

Elena Sidorova; Andrey V. Karasev; Denis Kuznetsov; Pär G. Jönsson. Modification of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Oil-Pipeline Steels by Ca-Treatment. Metals 2019, 9, 391 .

AMA Style

Elena Sidorova, Andrey V. Karasev, Denis Kuznetsov, Pär G. Jönsson. Modification of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Oil-Pipeline Steels by Ca-Treatment. Metals. 2019; 9 (4):391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Sidorova; Andrey V. Karasev; Denis Kuznetsov; Pär G. Jönsson. 2019. "Modification of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Oil-Pipeline Steels by Ca-Treatment." Metals 9, no. 4: 391.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2019 in Metals
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The focus of this study involved comparative investigations of non-metallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel bars without and with Ca treatments. The inclusions were extracted by using electrolytic extraction (EE). After that, the characteristics of the inclusions, such as morphology, size, number, and composition, were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The following four types of inclusions were observed in 316L steels: (1) Elongated MnS (Type I), (2) MnS with hard oxide cores (Type II), (3) Undeformed irregular oxides (Type III), and (4) Elongated oxides with a hard oxide core (Type IV). In the reference sample, only a small amount of the Type III oxides (Al2O3–MgO–MnO–TiOx) existed. However, in Ca-treated 316L steel, about 46% of the observed inclusions were oxide inclusions (Types III and IV) correlated to gehlenite and to a mixture of gehlenite and anorthite, which are favorable for the machinability of steel. Furthermore, untransformed oxide cores (Al2O3–MgO–MnO) were also found in the inclusions of Type IV. The mechanism leading to different morphologies of oxide inclusions is also discussed.

ACS Style

Hongying Du; Andrey Karasev; Olle Sundqvist; Pär G. Jönsson. Modification of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Stainless Steel by Addition of CaSi. Metals 2019, 9, 74 .

AMA Style

Hongying Du, Andrey Karasev, Olle Sundqvist, Pär G. Jönsson. Modification of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Stainless Steel by Addition of CaSi. Metals. 2019; 9 (1):74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongying Du; Andrey Karasev; Olle Sundqvist; Pär G. Jönsson. 2019. "Modification of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Stainless Steel by Addition of CaSi." Metals 9, no. 1: 74.

Conference paper
Published: 10 January 2018 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago
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This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a sulfur addition on the formation and behavior of CaS inclusions in steel melts during a secondary refining process without a Ca-treatment. Samples were taken during production for two different steel grades, namely a low-S steel (S = 0.005%) and a high-S steel (S = 0.055%). Thereafter, the inclusion characteristics were determined using an SEM combined with an EDS. The results show that the CaO content in the inclusions decreased and the CaS content increased after a sulfur addition during an RH process for the high-S steel. Furthermore, CaS-covered inclusions were frequently detected in the high-S steel samples after the S addition. Thermodynamic calculations were also performed to compare the CaS formation behavior in the two steels. The results showed that a CaS phase can thermodynamically be formed in the high-S steel melt even without a Ca-treatment. Also, it was indicated that a CaS phase can be formed in two ways, namely a reaction between Ca and S and a reaction between CaO in inclusions and S. From the viewpoint of interfacial features, inclusions covered by a CaS phase are thought to possess low contact angles to steel melts. Therefore, CaS-covered inclusions tend to remain in a steel melt. According to the results of this study, CaS inclusions can be formed and deteriorate the castability of high-S containing steels even without a Ca-treatment.

ACS Style

Takanori Yoshioka; Yuta Shimamura; Andrey Karasev; Yasuhide Ohba; Pär Göran Jönsson. The Effect of a Sulfur Addition on the Formation and Behavior of CaS Inclusions During a Secondary Refining Process Without Using a Ca-Treatment. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago 2018, 3 -13.

AMA Style

Takanori Yoshioka, Yuta Shimamura, Andrey Karasev, Yasuhide Ohba, Pär Göran Jönsson. The Effect of a Sulfur Addition on the Formation and Behavior of CaS Inclusions During a Secondary Refining Process Without Using a Ca-Treatment. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago. 2018; ():3-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Yoshioka; Yuta Shimamura; Andrey Karasev; Yasuhide Ohba; Pär Göran Jönsson. 2018. "The Effect of a Sulfur Addition on the Formation and Behavior of CaS Inclusions During a Secondary Refining Process Without Using a Ca-Treatment." Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago , no. : 3-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in ISIJ International
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ACS Style

Hans Erik Olof Kellner; Andrey Vladimirovich Karasev; Olle Sundqvist; Pär Göran Jönsson. TiN Particles and Clusters during Ladle Treatments of Ni-based Alloy 825 using Different Stirring Modes. ISIJ International 2018, 58, 292 -298.

AMA Style

Hans Erik Olof Kellner, Andrey Vladimirovich Karasev, Olle Sundqvist, Pär Göran Jönsson. TiN Particles and Clusters during Ladle Treatments of Ni-based Alloy 825 using Different Stirring Modes. ISIJ International. 2018; 58 (2):292-298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hans Erik Olof Kellner; Andrey Vladimirovich Karasev; Olle Sundqvist; Pär Göran Jönsson. 2018. "TiN Particles and Clusters during Ladle Treatments of Ni-based Alloy 825 using Different Stirring Modes." ISIJ International 58, no. 2: 292-298.

Article
Published: 18 September 2017 in steel research international
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It is well known that inclusions affect the properties of alloys. Therefore, the importance of understanding what inclusions exist and how they behave cannot be overstated. This study has examined the behavior of Al2O3–MgO particles and clusters in the melt during the ladle treatment of Alloy 825, who is a Ni-based Alloy. The effect of different stirring directions of electromagnetic stirring in combination with gas stirring is discussed based on three-dimensional investigations of the clustered particles. More specifically, the composition, size, and number of particles and clusters are determined after electrolytic extraction of metal samples by using SEM in combination with EDS. The results show that the agglomeration of Al2O3–MgO particles in the melt is faster for an upward induction stirring combined with a gas stirring in comparison to a downward stirring combined with a gas stirring. However, the total removal of clusters from the melt is more effective when using a downward induction stirring compared to when using an upward induction stirring, especially for large size clusters (>11.2 μm). The effect of the different stirring modes on the behavior of the Al2O3–MgO particles and clusters in the melt for the ladle treatment experiments agree with the theoretical predictions based on Stokes’, Brownian, and Turbulent collisions.

ACS Style

Hans E. O. Kellner; Andrey V. Karasev; Olle Sundqvist; Pär G. Jönsson. Effect of the Stirring Mode on the Behavior of Al2 O3 -MgO Particles and Clusters during Ladle Treatment of Ni-based Alloy 825. steel research international 2017, 88, 1 .

AMA Style

Hans E. O. Kellner, Andrey V. Karasev, Olle Sundqvist, Pär G. Jönsson. Effect of the Stirring Mode on the Behavior of Al2 O3 -MgO Particles and Clusters during Ladle Treatment of Ni-based Alloy 825. steel research international. 2017; 88 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hans E. O. Kellner; Andrey V. Karasev; Olle Sundqvist; Pär G. Jönsson. 2017. "Effect of the Stirring Mode on the Behavior of Al2 O3 -MgO Particles and Clusters during Ladle Treatment of Ni-based Alloy 825." steel research international 88, no. 12: 1.