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This paper presents a user-friendly, CAD-interfaced methodology for the rapid seismic assessment of historic masonry structures. The proposed multi-level procedure consists of a two-step analysis that combines upper bound limit analysis with non-linear dynamic (rocking) analysis to solve for seismic collapse in a computationally-efficient manner. In the first step, the failure mechanisms are defined by means of parameterization of the failure surfaces. Hence, the upper bound limit theorem of the limit analysis, coupled with a heuristic solver, is subsequently adopted to search for the load multiplier’s minimum value and the macro-block geometry. In the second step, the kinematic constants defining the rocking equation of motion are automatically computed for the refined macro-block model, which can be solved for representative time-histories. The proposed methodology has been entirely integrated in the user-friendly visual programming environment offered by Rhinoceros3D + Grasshopper, allowing it to be used by students, researchers and practicing structural engineers. Unlike time-consuming advanced methods of analysis, the proposed method allows users to perform a seismic assessment of masonry buildings in a rapid and computationally-efficient manner. Such an approach is particularly useful for territorial scale vulnerability analysis (e.g., for risk assessment and mitigation historic city centres) or as post-seismic event response (when the safety and stability of a large number of buildings need to be assessed with limited resources). The capabilities of the tool are demonstrated by comparing its predictions with those arising from the literature as well as from code-based assessment methods for three case studies.
Marco Funari; Anjali Mehrotra; Paulo Lourenço. A Tool for the Rapid Seismic Assessment of Historic Masonry Structures Based on Limit Analysis Optimisation and Rocking Dynamics. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 942 .
AMA StyleMarco Funari, Anjali Mehrotra, Paulo Lourenço. A Tool for the Rapid Seismic Assessment of Historic Masonry Structures Based on Limit Analysis Optimisation and Rocking Dynamics. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):942.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Funari; Anjali Mehrotra; Paulo Lourenço. 2021. "A Tool for the Rapid Seismic Assessment of Historic Masonry Structures Based on Limit Analysis Optimisation and Rocking Dynamics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 942.
A new methodology to predict interfacial debonding phenomena in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete beams in the serviceability load condition is proposed. The numerical model, formulated in a bi-dimensional context, incorporates moving mesh modelling of cohesive interfaces in order to simulate crack initiation and propagation between concrete and FRP strengthening. Interface elements are used to predict debonding mechanisms. The concrete beams, as well as the FRP strengthening, follow a one-dimensional model based on Timoshenko beam kinematics theory, whereas the adhesive layer is simulated by using a 2D plane stress formulation. The implementation, which is developed in the framework of a finite element (FE) formulation, as well as the solution scheme and a numerical case study are presented.
Marco Francesco Funari; Saverio Spadea; Francesco Fabbrocino; Raimondo Luciano. A Moving Interface Finite Element Formulation to Predict Dynamic Edge Debonding in FRP-Strengthened Concrete Beams in Service Conditions. Fibers 2020, 8, 42 .
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Saverio Spadea, Francesco Fabbrocino, Raimondo Luciano. A Moving Interface Finite Element Formulation to Predict Dynamic Edge Debonding in FRP-Strengthened Concrete Beams in Service Conditions. Fibers. 2020; 8 (6):42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Saverio Spadea; Francesco Fabbrocino; Raimondo Luciano. 2020. "A Moving Interface Finite Element Formulation to Predict Dynamic Edge Debonding in FRP-Strengthened Concrete Beams in Service Conditions." Fibers 8, no. 6: 42.
This work aims at proposing a novel procedure for the seismic assessment of historic masonry structures which is computationally efficient and does not rely on destructive material tests. Digital datasets describing the geometric configuration of historic masonry structures are employed to automatically generate a non-linear Finite Element (FE) model and investigate on possible collapse modes. A configuration of failure surfaces is therefore detected through the Control Surface Method (CSM), which is here proposed for the first time. In a following step of the analysis, structural macroblocks are identified, whereas an upper bound limit analysis approach is employed to estimate the structural capacity of the structure. Genetic Algorithms are also employed to detect the actual failure mode for the structure. The procedure is implemented into a visual coding environment, which allows one to parametrically explore all possible failure surfaces and immediately visualize the effects of the user assumptions. This is particularly suited to support a decisions-making process which strongly relay on engineering judgement. The procedure is validated by the analysis of two benchmark cases, whose results are presented and discussed.
Marco Francesco Funari; Saverio Spadea; Paolo Lonetti; Francesco Fabbrocino; Raimondo Luciano. Visual programming for structural assessment of out-of-plane mechanisms in historic masonry structures. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 31, 101425 .
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Saverio Spadea, Paolo Lonetti, Francesco Fabbrocino, Raimondo Luciano. Visual programming for structural assessment of out-of-plane mechanisms in historic masonry structures. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 31 ():101425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Saverio Spadea; Paolo Lonetti; Francesco Fabbrocino; Raimondo Luciano. 2020. "Visual programming for structural assessment of out-of-plane mechanisms in historic masonry structures." Journal of Building Engineering 31, no. : 101425.
Being able to provide outstanding performances under out-of-plane loading, sandwich structures offer great flexibility for the design of lightweight structural systems. However, they can be affected by macroscopic and microscopic damages, which may trigger catastrophic failure modes. As a consequence, a detailed understanding of the propagation of macro-cracks in the core as well as of delamination phenomena at face-to-core interfaces are aspects of great computational interest. Moreover, linking sophisticated numerical models with the measurement of the mechanical properties of materials is fundamental in view of actual engineering applications. The elastic and fracture characterization of the core is particularly relevant because its cracking strongly reduces the capacity of the sandwich structures to carry out loads. To this end, PVC foams typically used as inner core in structural application are investigated over a range of foam densities. Firstly, the elastic properties of foams under compressive uni-axial loading are measured using the full-field methodology. Subsequently, Asymmetric Semi-Circular Bend (ASCB) specimens are tested varying the position of supports to generate all range of mixed fracture modes. Finally, some of the mostly recognized fracture criterions have been considered, and their capability to compute the crack propagation angles in PVC foams have been evaluated. The parameters experimentally determined have been used to test the accuracy of the response provided by a numerical model developed by the authors.
Domenico Bruno; Francesco Fabbrocino; Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Saverio Spadea. An Experimental and Numerical Study to Evaluate the Crack Path Under Mixed Mode Loading on PVC Foams. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2020, 378 -388.
AMA StyleDomenico Bruno, Francesco Fabbrocino, Marco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti, Saverio Spadea. An Experimental and Numerical Study to Evaluate the Crack Path Under Mixed Mode Loading on PVC Foams. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2020; ():378-388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDomenico Bruno; Francesco Fabbrocino; Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Saverio Spadea. 2020. "An Experimental and Numerical Study to Evaluate the Crack Path Under Mixed Mode Loading on PVC Foams." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 378-388.
An analysis to show the capability of moving mesh strategy to predict dynamic crack growth phenomena in 2D continuum media is proposed. The numerical method is implemented in the framework of the finite element method, which is coupled with moving mesh strategy to simulate the geometry variation produced by the crack tip motion. In particular, a computational procedure based on the combination of Fracture Mechanics concepts and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach (ALE) is developed. This represents a generalization of previous authors’ works in a dynamic framework to propose a unified approach for predicting crack propagation in both static and dynamic frameworks. The crack speed is explicitly evaluated at each time step by using a proper crack tip speed criterion, which can be expressed as a function of energy release rate or stress intensity factor. Experimental and numerical results are proposed to validate the proposed approach. Mesh dependence problem, computational efficiency and numerical complexity are verified by comparative results
Francesco Fabbrocino; Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Raimondo Luciano. Numerical modeling based on moving mesh method to simulate fast crack propagation. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 2019, 14, 410 -422.
AMA StyleFrancesco Fabbrocino, Marco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti, Raimondo Luciano. Numerical modeling based on moving mesh method to simulate fast crack propagation. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2019; 14 (51):410-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Fabbrocino; Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Raimondo Luciano. 2019. "Numerical modeling based on moving mesh method to simulate fast crack propagation." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 14, no. 51: 410-422.
A numerical model based on moving mesh strategy is proposed to simulate the evolution of internal material discontinuities in a continuum medium. The approach combines concepts arising from structural mechanics and moving mesh methodology, which are implemented in a unified framework to predict crack growth on the basis of Fracture Mechanics variables. In particular, moving computational nodes are modified starting from a fixed referential coordinate system on the basis of a crack growth criterion to predict directionality and displacement of the tip front. The use of rezoning mesh methods coupled with a proper advancing crack growth scheme ensures the consistency of mesh motion with small distortions and an unaltered mesh typology. In addition, the moving grid is modified from the initial configuration in such a way that the recourse to re-meshing procedures is strongly reduced. The numerical formulation and its computational implementation show how the proposed approach can be easily embedded in classical finite element software. Finally, numerical examples in the presence of internal material discontinuities and comparisons with existing data obtained by advanced numerical approaches and experimental data are proposed to check the validity of the formulation.
Marco Francesco Funari; Paolo Lonetti; Saverio Spadea. A crack growth strategy based on moving mesh method and fracture mechanics. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 2019, 102, 103 -115.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Paolo Lonetti, Saverio Spadea. A crack growth strategy based on moving mesh method and fracture mechanics. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. 2019; 102 ():103-115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Paolo Lonetti; Saverio Spadea. 2019. "A crack growth strategy based on moving mesh method and fracture mechanics." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 102, no. : 103-115.
Renato Sante Olivito; Saverio Porzio; Marco Francesco Funari; Carmelo Scuro; Francesco Demarco. A NUMERICAL-GEOMETRICAL METHODOLOGY TO REPRESENT OUT-OF-PLANE MECHANISMS OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY STRUCTURES BY USING PUSHOVER ANALYSIS. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2015) 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleRenato Sante Olivito, Saverio Porzio, Marco Francesco Funari, Carmelo Scuro, Francesco Demarco. A NUMERICAL-GEOMETRICAL METHODOLOGY TO REPRESENT OUT-OF-PLANE MECHANISMS OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY STRUCTURES BY USING PUSHOVER ANALYSIS. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2015). 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenato Sante Olivito; Saverio Porzio; Marco Francesco Funari; Carmelo Scuro; Francesco Demarco. 2019. "A NUMERICAL-GEOMETRICAL METHODOLOGY TO REPRESENT OUT-OF-PLANE MECHANISMS OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY STRUCTURES BY USING PUSHOVER ANALYSIS." Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2015) , no. : 1.
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Saverio Spadea. A numerical model based on ALE formulation to predict crack propagation in sandwich structures. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 2018, 13, 277 -293.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti, Saverio Spadea. A numerical model based on ALE formulation to predict crack propagation in sandwich structures. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2018; 13 (47):277-293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Saverio Spadea. 2018. "A numerical model based on ALE formulation to predict crack propagation in sandwich structures." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 13, no. 47: 277-293.
The paper presents a nonlinear approach to investigate the behavior of composite sandwich structures with transversely compressible core, under static and dynamic loading conditions. The proposed model, formulated in the 2D framework, incorporates moving mesh cohesive modeling, crack initiation and nucleation at core/skin interfaces. Interface elements are used to predict debonding mechanisms, whereas shear deformable beams and two-dimensional plane stress elements identify skin and core behavior, respectively. In this framework, interfacial crack onset, layer kinematic and debonding propagation effects are correctly simulated. The moving mesh technique, combined with a multilayer formulation, ensures a reduction of the computational costs, required to predict crack onset and progressive evolution of debonding phenomena. Cohesive models for sandwich core/skin interfaces are calibrated by means of comparisons with numerical and experimental data with respect mode I and mode II configurations. Moreover, a parametric study to address the influence of the loading rate and sandwich characteristics on both static and dynamic frameworks is proposed.
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. Sandwich panels under interfacial debonding mechanisms. Composite Structures 2018, 203, 310 -320.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti. Sandwich panels under interfacial debonding mechanisms. Composite Structures. 2018; 203 ():310-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. 2018. "Sandwich panels under interfacial debonding mechanisms." Composite Structures 203, no. : 310-320.
A numerical model to predict debonding phenomena in sandwich structures based on soft core and high performance external skins is proposed. In particular, the proposed model incorporates shear deformable beams to simulate the face sheet and a 2D elastic domain to model the core of the structure. Debonding processes is simulated by means a moving interface elements, introduced between the core and the face. The numerical interface strategy is consistent to a moving mesh technique based on Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE), in which weak based moving connections are implemented by using the FE formulation. The moving mesh technique combined with a multilayer formulation ensures a reduction of the computational costs required to predict crack onset and subsequent evolution of the debonding phenomena. The accuracy of the proposed approach is verified by means comparisons with experimental and numerical results. Moreover, simulations in dynamic framework are developed to identify the influence of inertial effects produced by different typologies of core on debonding phenomena. The investigation revels the impact of mechanical properties of core on the dynamic debonding mechanisms.
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. A coupled ALE-Cohesive formulation for interfacial debonding propagation in sandwich structures. Procedia Structural Integrity 2018, 9, 92 -100.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti. A coupled ALE-Cohesive formulation for interfacial debonding propagation in sandwich structures. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2018; 9 ():92-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. 2018. "A coupled ALE-Cohesive formulation for interfacial debonding propagation in sandwich structures." Procedia Structural Integrity 9, no. : 92-100.
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Raimondo Luciano; Rosa Penna. An interface approach based on moving mesh and cohesive modeling in Z-pinned composite laminates. Composites Part B: Engineering 2018, 135, 207 -217.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti, Raimondo Luciano, Rosa Penna. An interface approach based on moving mesh and cohesive modeling in Z-pinned composite laminates. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018; 135 ():207-217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti; Raimondo Luciano; Rosa Penna. 2018. "An interface approach based on moving mesh and cohesive modeling in Z-pinned composite laminates." Composites Part B: Engineering 135, no. : 207-217.
Marco Francesco Funari; Paolo Lonetti. Initiation and evolution of debonding phenomena in layered structures. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 2017, 92, 133 -145.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Paolo Lonetti. Initiation and evolution of debonding phenomena in layered structures. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. 2017; 92 ():133-145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Paolo Lonetti. 2017. "Initiation and evolution of debonding phenomena in layered structures." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 92, no. : 133-145.
Giuseppe Fortunato; Marco Francesco Funari; Paolo Lonetti. Survey and seismic vulnerability assessment of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Tumba (Italy). Journal of Cultural Heritage 2017, 26, 64 -78.
AMA StyleGiuseppe Fortunato, Marco Francesco Funari, Paolo Lonetti. Survey and seismic vulnerability assessment of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Tumba (Italy). Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2017; 26 ():64-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Fortunato; Marco Francesco Funari; Paolo Lonetti. 2017. "Survey and seismic vulnerability assessment of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Tumba (Italy)." Journal of Cultural Heritage 26, no. : 64-78.
. A computational formulation able to simulate crack initiation and growth in layered structural systems is proposed. In order to identify the position of the onset interfacial defects and their dynamic debonding mechanisms, a moving mesh strategy, based on Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach, is combined with a cohesive interface methodology, in which weak based moving connections are implemented by using a finite element formulation. The numerical formulation has been implemented by means of separate steps, concerned, at first, to identify the correct position of the crack onset and, subsequently, the growth by changing the computational geometry of the interfaces. In order to verify the accuracy and to validate the proposed methodology, comparisons with experimental and numerical results are developed. In particular, results, in terms of location and speed of the debonding front, obtained by the proposed model, are compared with the ones arising from the literature. Moreover, a parametric study in terms of geometrical characteristics of the layered structure are developed. The investigation reveals the impact of the stiffening of the reinforced strip and of adhesive thickness on the dynamic debonding mechanisms
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. Dynamic debonding in layered structures: a coupled ALE-cohesive approach. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 2017, 11, 524 -535.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti. Dynamic debonding in layered structures: a coupled ALE-cohesive approach. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2017; 11 (41):524-535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. 2017. "Dynamic debonding in layered structures: a coupled ALE-cohesive approach." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 11, no. 41: 524-535.
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. A coupled ALE-Cohesive formulation for layered structural systems. Procedia Structural Integrity 2017, 3, 362 -369.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti. A coupled ALE-Cohesive formulation for layered structural systems. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2017; 3 ():362-369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. 2017. "A coupled ALE-Cohesive formulation for layered structural systems." Procedia Structural Integrity 3, no. : 362-369.
A computational formulation based on moving mesh methodology and interface modeling able to simulate debonding mechanisms in multilayered composite beams is proposed. The approach reproduces quasi-static and fast crack propagation in layered structures and, despite existing models available in the literature, a reduced number of finite elements is required to reproduce debonding mechanisms. The theoretical formulation is based on Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) methodology and cohesive interface elements, in which weak based moving connections are implemented by using a finite element formulation. In this framework, only the nodes of the computational mesh of the interface region are moved on the basis of the predicted fracture variables, reducing mesh distortions by using continuous rezoning procedures. The use of moving mesh methodology in the proposed model is able to introduce nonlinear interface elements in a small region containing the process zone, reducing the numerical complexities and efforts, typically involved in standard cohesive approach. The analysis is proposed also in a non-stationary crack growth framework, in which the influence of time dependence and the inertial forces are taken into account. In order to verify the accuracy and to validate the proposed methodology, comparisons with existing formulations available from the literature for several cases involving single and multiple debonding mechanisms are proposed. Moreover, a parametric study in terms of mesh sensitivity, robustness and accuracy of the solution is developed.
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. A moving interface finite element formulation for layered structures. Composites Part B: Engineering 2016, 96, 325 -337.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti. A moving interface finite element formulation for layered structures. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2016; 96 ():325-337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. 2016. "A moving interface finite element formulation for layered structures." Composites Part B: Engineering 96, no. : 325-337.
Marco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. A cohesive finite element model based ALE formulation for z-pins reinforced multilayered composite beams. Procedia Structural Integrity 2016, 2, 452 -459.
AMA StyleMarco Francesco Funari, Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti. A cohesive finite element model based ALE formulation for z-pins reinforced multilayered composite beams. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2016; 2 ():452-459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Francesco Funari; Fabrizio Greco; Paolo Lonetti. 2016. "A cohesive finite element model based ALE formulation for z-pins reinforced multilayered composite beams." Procedia Structural Integrity 2, no. : 452-459.