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This study empirically evaluates the impact of air pollution on China’s economic growth, based on a province-level sample for the period 2002–2017. Air pollution is measured by the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM
Daxin Dong; Boyang Xu; Ning Shen; Qian He. The Adverse Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Economic Growth. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9056 .
AMA StyleDaxin Dong, Boyang Xu, Ning Shen, Qian He. The Adverse Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Economic Growth. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaxin Dong; Boyang Xu; Ning Shen; Qian He. 2021. "The Adverse Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Economic Growth." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9056.
Promoting a healthy diet through education is part of the Healthy China 2030 action plan. However, studies examining how dietary knowledge affects public health in China are sparse. This study employs multiple waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data to examine the impacts of dietary knowledge on Chinese adults’ health, with a particular emphasis on how the impacts of dietary knowledge vary across different demographic groups. Moreover, we contribute to the literature by incorporating the spouse’s dietary knowledge into the analysis framework to inspect the relationship between a spouse’s dietary knowledge and an individual’s health. Our results indicate that dietary knowledge significantly improves an individual’s health status. However, there is no evidence that an individual’s health is influenced by his/her spouse’s dietary knowledge. Moreover, we find that individuals with a lower level of education and rural residents benefit more from increasing dietary knowledge. Policy implications of this study are also discussed.
Yangyang Sun; Daxin Dong; Yulian Ding. The Impact of Dietary Knowledge on Health: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3736 .
AMA StyleYangyang Sun, Daxin Dong, Yulian Ding. The Impact of Dietary Knowledge on Health: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3736.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYangyang Sun; Daxin Dong; Yulian Ding. 2021. "The Impact of Dietary Knowledge on Health: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3736.
Previous studies have not provided consistent conclusions regarding the impact of uncertainty on research and development (R&D) investment. While most of the previous literature has focused only on one or a small group of countries, this study examines the effect of uncertainty on R&D on the basis of a sample covering 109 countries from 1996 to 2018. The country-level uncertainty is measured using the “World Uncertainty Index”, which has recently been developed by Ahir et al. (2018). By estimating a panel data fixed-effects regression model, it is found that uncertainty has a significantly negative impact on R&D investment at the country-level aggregate scale. We also find that uncertainty depresses the number of R&D personnel and patent applications, although the effect on R&D personnel is not statistically significant. These findings imply that high uncertainty poses a considerable threat to global innovation and technological progress. Heterogeneity analyses across different country groups demonstrate that, although the impact of uncertainty on R&D is not statistically significant in some country groups, its effect is always negative and no positive effect is observed.
Yuchen Lin; Daxin Dong; Jiaxin Wang. The Negative Impact of Uncertainty on R&D Investment: International Evidence. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2746 .
AMA StyleYuchen Lin, Daxin Dong, Jiaxin Wang. The Negative Impact of Uncertainty on R&D Investment: International Evidence. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2746.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuchen Lin; Daxin Dong; Jiaxin Wang. 2021. "The Negative Impact of Uncertainty on R&D Investment: International Evidence." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2746.
This study examines the impact of air pollution on research and development (R&D) in China on the basis of province-level data for the period 2007—2016. The study discovers a significant adverse impact of air pollution on both R&D input and output in China. The estimation results in this study are robust to the different indicators used to measure R&D input and output and control for possible endogeneity problems via the instrumental variable approach. According to our estimates, if the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) increases by 1%, then the scales of annual R&D personnel, expenditures, and new patents will decline by 0.359%, 0.169%, and 0.293%, respectively. The findings indicate that air pollution is a considerable threat to innovation and technological progress in China.
Peng Liu; Daxin Dong; Zhuan Wang. The impact of air pollution on R&D input and output in China. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 752, 141313 .
AMA StylePeng Liu, Daxin Dong, Zhuan Wang. The impact of air pollution on R&D input and output in China. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 752 ():141313.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Liu; Daxin Dong; Zhuan Wang. 2020. "The impact of air pollution on R&D input and output in China." Science of The Total Environment 752, no. : 141313.
This article studies the impact of international financial openness on the public debt-to-output ratio in a representative sample of 37 developing countries from 1970 to 2015. We find that it is important to distinguish between the financial openness in the home country and that in the rest of the world, and distinguish between the external and domestic component of public debt. Our result shows that financial openness in the home country reduces the external and total public debt. Differently, financial openness in foreign countries increases the external public debt in the home country. Further analysis shows that the effect of home country financial openness can be explained by the substitution between external public debt and alternative external financing channels of the country; the effect of foreign countries’ financial openness can be explained by the substitution between external and domestic public debt.
Daxin Dong. The impact of financial openness on public debt in developing countries. Empirical Economics 2020, 60, 2261 -2291.
AMA StyleDaxin Dong. The impact of financial openness on public debt in developing countries. Empirical Economics. 2020; 60 (5):2261-2291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaxin Dong. 2020. "The impact of financial openness on public debt in developing countries." Empirical Economics 60, no. 5: 2261-2291.
This paper explores the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on trade credit while taking into account the interactive role of social trust. The analysis is based on the panel data econometric model with fixed effects. Using firm-level data across 16 economies from 1995Q1 to 2015Q1, we find that (i) there exists a negative and highly significant relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the provision of trade credit; (ii) this relation is weaker for firms in countries with higher levels of social trust; and (iii) the effects of EPU and social trust are both more substantial for firms in more financially constrained industries. The impact of social trust is not a result of people’s high confidence in government, an effective legal system of enforcing contracts, a high-quality institutional system or an excellent system of protecting shareholders. Our result is robust if we exclude business cycle effects or use an alternative measure of financial constraints.
Peng Liu; Daxin Dong. Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Trade Credit Provision: The Role of Social Trust. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1601 .
AMA StylePeng Liu, Daxin Dong. Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Trade Credit Provision: The Role of Social Trust. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1601.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Liu; Daxin Dong. 2020. "Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Trade Credit Provision: The Role of Social Trust." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1601.
China’s inbound tourism grew very slowly in recent years. This study modelled China’s inbound tourism based on a gravity model with province-level inbound tourist arrivals data from 13 countries of origin between 2010 and 2016. It was found that air pollution in tourist destinations and origin regions both had significant negative impacts on China’s inbound tourism. On average, if the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM 2.5 ) in China and foreign countries increased by 1 μ g/m 3 , inbound tourist arrivals would decline by approximately 1.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The effect of pollution in destination regions is explained by the importance of clean air as a favored characteristic of tourist attractions. The effect of pollution in tourist origin countries is explained by more awareness of and concern about air pollution by potential tourists if they live in more polluted countries. Further analysis showed that the impact of air pollution in destination regions was larger for tourists coming from more polluted and Asian countries, and visiting less polluted and more popular destinations. This study has a clear policy implication: improving air quality can be considered as a straightforward and effective way to promote inbound tourism in China. If air quality in China can be substantially improved in the future, inbound tourist arrivals have the potential to rise by at least tens of millions of person-times.
Boyang Xu; Daxin Dong. Evaluating the Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Inbound Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1456 .
AMA StyleBoyang Xu, Daxin Dong. Evaluating the Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Inbound Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoyang Xu; Daxin Dong. 2020. "Evaluating the Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Inbound Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1456.
Previous studies have reported that air pollution negatively affects the tourism industry. This paper attempted to answer the following question: among different air pollutants, which one acts as the most adverse factor? The study was based on a sample of panel data covering 337 Chinese cities for the period between 2007 and 2016. Four pollutant indicators were inspected: PM 2 . 5 (particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in size), PM 10 (particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in size), SO 2 (sulfur dioxide), and NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide). It was found that PM 2 . 5 had a significantly negative impact on both domestic and inbound tourist arrivals. Regarding the other three pollutant indicators, except for the negative influence of NO 2 on inbound tourist arrivals, no statistically significant impact was found. This study suggests that tourism policy makers should primarily focus on PM 2 . 5 , when considering the nexus between air quality and tourism development. According to our estimates, the negative impact of PM 2 . 5 on tourism is substantial. If the PM 2 . 5 concentration in the ambient air increases by 1 μ g/m 3 (= 0.001 mg/m 3 ), domestic and inbound tourist arrivals will decline by 0.482% and 1.227%, respectively. These numbers imply an average reduction of 81,855 person-times in annual domestic tourist arrivals and 12,269 in inbound tourist arrivals in each city.
Xiaowei Xu; Daxin Dong; Yilun Wang; Shiying Wang. The Impacts of Different Air Pollutants on Domestic and Inbound Tourism in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 5127 .
AMA StyleXiaowei Xu, Daxin Dong, Yilun Wang, Shiying Wang. The Impacts of Different Air Pollutants on Domestic and Inbound Tourism in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (24):5127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaowei Xu; Daxin Dong; Yilun Wang; Shiying Wang. 2019. "The Impacts of Different Air Pollutants on Domestic and Inbound Tourism in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 5127.
This study explored the relationship between the actual level of air pollution and residents’ concern about air pollution. The actual air pollution level was measured by the air quality index (AQI) reported by environmental monitoring stations, while residents’ concern about air pollution was reflected by the Baidu index using the Internet search engine keywords “Shanghai air quality”. On the basis of the daily data of 2068 days for the city of Shanghai in China over the period between 2 December 2013 and 31 July 2019, a vector autoregression (VAR) model was built for empirical analysis. Estimation results provided three interesting findings. (1) Local residents perceived the deprivation of air quality and expressed their concern on air pollution quickly, within the day on which the air quality index rose. (2) A decline in air quality in another major city, such as Beijing, also raised the concern of Shanghai residents about local air quality. (3) A rise in Shanghai residents’ concern had a beneficial impact on air quality improvement. This study implied that people really cared much about local air quality, and it was beneficial to inform more residents about the situation of local air quality and the risks associated with air pollution.
Daxin Dong; Xiaowei Xu; Wen Xu; Junye Xie. The Relationship Between the Actual Level of Air Pollution and Residents’ Concern about Air Pollution: Evidence from Shanghai, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4784 .
AMA StyleDaxin Dong, Xiaowei Xu, Wen Xu, Junye Xie. The Relationship Between the Actual Level of Air Pollution and Residents’ Concern about Air Pollution: Evidence from Shanghai, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (23):4784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaxin Dong; Xiaowei Xu; Wen Xu; Junye Xie. 2019. "The Relationship Between the Actual Level of Air Pollution and Residents’ Concern about Air Pollution: Evidence from Shanghai, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4784.
This study utilizes a spatial econometric model to analyze the impact of air pollution on domestic tourism in China. Based on a panel dataset covering 337 cities from 2004–2013, this study derives the following findings. (1) Air pollution significantly reduces domestic tourist arrivals in the local city. On average, if the concentration of PM 2.5 (particulate matter equal to or less than 2.5 micrometers in width) in one city increases by 1 μ g/m 3 , the number of domestic tourists to the city declines by 0.7%. (2) Air pollution demonstrates significant spatial spillover effects. If the PM 2.5 in other cities simultaneously increases by 1 μ g/m 3 , the number of domestic tourists traveling to the local city rises by 4.1%. (3) The magnitude of the spillover effects of air pollution is larger than the negative direct effects on local cities. This study suggests that enhancing air quality in the local area will effectively promote the domestic tourism industry in the local city. In addition, it is implied that a simultaneous improvement in the air quality in all cities might not lead to an increase in the number of domestic tourist arrivals. Thus, in order to deal with the spillover effects of air pollution on the domestic tourism industry, local governments should make efforts to develop cross-city or cross-region tourism.
Daxin Dong; Xiaowei Xu; Hong Yu; Yanfang Zhao. The Impact of Air Pollution on Domestic Tourism in China: A Spatial Econometric Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4148 .
AMA StyleDaxin Dong, Xiaowei Xu, Hong Yu, Yanfang Zhao. The Impact of Air Pollution on Domestic Tourism in China: A Spatial Econometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaxin Dong; Xiaowei Xu; Hong Yu; Yanfang Zhao. 2019. "The Impact of Air Pollution on Domestic Tourism in China: A Spatial Econometric Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4148.
Prior studies have suggested the existence of a reverse causality relationship between air quality and tourism development: while air quality influences tourism, dynamic segments of the tourism industry (e.g., cruising, airline, foodservice) have impacts on air quality. This reverse causality hinders a precise estimate on the effect of air pollution on tourism development within a conventional econometric framework, since the variable of air pollution is endogenous. This study estimates the impact of air pollution on the inbound tourism industry in China, by controlling for endogeneity based on a regression discontinuity design (RDD). The estimate is derived from a quasi-experiment generated by China’s Huai River Policy, which subsidizes coal for winter heating in northern Chinese cities. By analyzing data from 274 Chinese cities during the period 2009–2012, it is found that air pollution significantly reduces the international inbound tourism: an increase of PM 10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 μ m) by 0.1 mg/m 3 will cause a decline in the tourism receipts-to-local gross domestic product (GDP) ratio by 0.45 percentage points. This study also highlights the importance of controlling for endogeneity, since the detrimental impact of air pollution would otherwise be considerably underestimated. This study further demonstrates that, although air pollution is positively correlated with the average expenditure of each tourist, it substantially depresses the number of inbound tourists. The results imply that air quality could potentially influence inbound tourists’ city destination choices. However, it is interesting to note that travelers in air polluted cities in China tend to spend more money.
Daxin Dong; Xiaowei Xu; Yat Fung Wong. Estimating the Impact of Air Pollution on Inbound Tourism in China: An Analysis Based on Regression Discontinuity Design. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1682 .
AMA StyleDaxin Dong, Xiaowei Xu, Yat Fung Wong. Estimating the Impact of Air Pollution on Inbound Tourism in China: An Analysis Based on Regression Discontinuity Design. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaxin Dong; Xiaowei Xu; Yat Fung Wong. 2019. "Estimating the Impact of Air Pollution on Inbound Tourism in China: An Analysis Based on Regression Discontinuity Design." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1682.