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Boyang Xu
School of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China

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Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Sustainability
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This study empirically evaluates the impact of air pollution on China’s economic growth, based on a province-level sample for the period 2002–2017. Air pollution is measured by the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and economic growth is measured by the annual growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. A panel data fixed-effects regression model is built, and the instrumental variables estimation method is utilized for quantitative analyses. The study reports a significant negative impact of air pollution on the macroeconomic growth of China. According to our instrumental variables estimation, holding other factors constant, if the concentration of PM2.5 increases by 1%, then the GDP per capita growth rate will decline by 0.05818 percentage points. In addition, it is found that the adverse effect of atmospheric pollution is heterogeneous across different regions. The effect is stronger in the eastern region and in provinces with smaller state-owned enterprise shares, fewer governmental expenditures for public health services, and fewer medical resources. The study results reveal that air pollution poses a substantial threat to the sustainable economic growth of China. Taking actions to abate air pollution will generate great economic benefits, especially for those regions which are heavily damaged by pollution.

ACS Style

Daxin Dong; Boyang Xu; Ning Shen; Qian He. The Adverse Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Economic Growth. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9056 .

AMA Style

Daxin Dong, Boyang Xu, Ning Shen, Qian He. The Adverse Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Economic Growth. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9056.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daxin Dong; Boyang Xu; Ning Shen; Qian He. 2021. "The Adverse Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Economic Growth." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9056.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Sustainability
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China’s inbound tourism grew very slowly in recent years. This study modelled China’s inbound tourism based on a gravity model with province-level inbound tourist arrivals data from 13 countries of origin between 2010 and 2016. It was found that air pollution in tourist destinations and origin regions both had significant negative impacts on China’s inbound tourism. On average, if the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM 2.5 ) in China and foreign countries increased by 1 μ g/m 3 , inbound tourist arrivals would decline by approximately 1.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The effect of pollution in destination regions is explained by the importance of clean air as a favored characteristic of tourist attractions. The effect of pollution in tourist origin countries is explained by more awareness of and concern about air pollution by potential tourists if they live in more polluted countries. Further analysis showed that the impact of air pollution in destination regions was larger for tourists coming from more polluted and Asian countries, and visiting less polluted and more popular destinations. This study has a clear policy implication: improving air quality can be considered as a straightforward and effective way to promote inbound tourism in China. If air quality in China can be substantially improved in the future, inbound tourist arrivals have the potential to rise by at least tens of millions of person-times.

ACS Style

Boyang Xu; Daxin Dong. Evaluating the Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Inbound Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1456 .

AMA Style

Boyang Xu, Daxin Dong. Evaluating the Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Inbound Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyang Xu; Daxin Dong. 2020. "Evaluating the Impact of Air Pollution on China’s Inbound Tourism: A Gravity Model Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1456.