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Prof. Dr. Andrea Capodaglio
Fellow IWA, BCEE, University of Pavia, Italy

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Groundwater Contamination
0 Sustainable Development
0 Energy and materials recovery
0 Innovative water and wastewater treatment
0 Bioelectrochemical systems

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Bioelectrochemical systems
Groundwater Contamination
Sustainable Development
Energy and materials recovery

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Review
Published: 03 June 2021 in Water
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Nature (ecosystem) based processes for wastewater treatment include constructed wetlands (CWs), waste stabilization ponds, vegetated drainage ditches, buffer zones, instream or bankside river techniques, and mixotrophic systems, where light and CO2 are utilized, in addition to organic carbon compounds, by algal cultures. Algae-based systems can simultaneously remove organic matter, N, and P and may offer substantial energetic advantages compared to traditional biological treatment systems, require small spatial footprint, and contribute to biofuels production and CO2 emissions mitigation. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) present characteristics compatible with the use in isolated realities for water and wastewater treatment with contextual energy recovery and may be combined with other nature-based process technologies to achieve good treatment and energy efficiencies. Despite that their application in real-scale plants has not been assessed yet, the most probable outcome will be the in situ/on site treatment (or pretreatment) of wastes for small “in house” plants not connected to the sewerage network. This paper focuses on the current practices and perspectives of hybrid nature-based systems, such as constructed wetlands and microalgae integrated phytoremediation plants, and their possible integration with microbial electrochemical technologies to increase recovery possibilities from wastes and positively contribute to a green economy approach.

ACS Style

Andrea Capodaglio; Silvia Bolognesi; Daniele Cecconet. Sustainable, Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse with Hybrid Nature-Based Systems. Water 2021, 13, 1583 .

AMA Style

Andrea Capodaglio, Silvia Bolognesi, Daniele Cecconet. Sustainable, Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse with Hybrid Nature-Based Systems. Water. 2021; 13 (11):1583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Capodaglio; Silvia Bolognesi; Daniele Cecconet. 2021. "Sustainable, Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse with Hybrid Nature-Based Systems." Water 13, no. 11: 1583.

Books book
Published: 19 May 2021 in River Basin Management
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The paper describes a water quality case study conducted on the Lake Pusiano catchment. In recent years an integrated lake/catchment approach has been developed with aims to model the nutrient input and the ecological response of the lake. The catchment model uses a semi-distributed approach that has been applied to study water balance and transport of nutrients into the lake. The studied environment is strongly influenced by the observed hydrodynamic regime, while primary production depends on nutrients availability and ecological phenomena. In order to model these processes a coupled physical/ecological model (DYRESM/CAEDYM) has been applied, which works in connection with the catchment model. Following this integrated approach, it has been possible to identify satisfactory solutions to reach "good water quality conditions" in the lake and its effluent, and to draw guidelines for the catchment restoration plan as requested by the Water Framework Directive.

ACS Style

Andrea G Capodaglio; J. Boguniewicz; E. Llorens; Franco Salerno; D. Copetti; E. Legnani; E. Buraschi; G. Tartari. Integrated lake/catchment approach as a basis for the implementation of the WFD in the Lake Pusiano watershed. River Basin Management 2021, 77 -86.

AMA Style

Andrea G Capodaglio, J. Boguniewicz, E. Llorens, Franco Salerno, D. Copetti, E. Legnani, E. Buraschi, G. Tartari. Integrated lake/catchment approach as a basis for the implementation of the WFD in the Lake Pusiano watershed. River Basin Management. 2021; ():77-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea G Capodaglio; J. Boguniewicz; E. Llorens; Franco Salerno; D. Copetti; E. Legnani; E. Buraschi; G. Tartari. 2021. "Integrated lake/catchment approach as a basis for the implementation of the WFD in the Lake Pusiano watershed." River Basin Management , no. : 77-86.

Books book
Published: 19 May 2021 in River Basin Management
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The paper describes a case study conducted on the Atàler River concerning the implementation of the Dangerous Substances Directive (Dir. 76/464/EEC), still in effect but due to be superseded after the full implementation of the WFD (Dir. 2000/60/EU). The study was carried out as part of the Twinning Project "Implementation of Environmental Legislation by the National/Regional Environmental Inspectorates" (Twinning HU/2001/IB/EN/01) by several agencies of the Piedmont Region of Italy and the National Environmental Inspectorates of Hungary. The main purpose of the case study was to identify a pollution reduction strategy compatible with desired water uses and that will comply with the future requirements of the WFD. The case study is of special interest since the Atáler is one of the very few all-hungarian river basins. Result of the study is a set of guidelines that could be transposed at the national level to carry out similar activities elsewhere. Some of the conclusions drawn herein could be extended to other new Members of the EU.

ACS Style

Andrea G Capodaglio; E. Anselmetti; M. De Meo; G. Elidetti; S. Grisello; V. Pellegrino; G. Crivellaro; E. Sesia; E. Porro; P. Varga. Towards the implementation of the Dangerous Substances Directive in Hungary: a case study on the Atáler river. River Basin Management 2021, 207 -217.

AMA Style

Andrea G Capodaglio, E. Anselmetti, M. De Meo, G. Elidetti, S. Grisello, V. Pellegrino, G. Crivellaro, E. Sesia, E. Porro, P. Varga. Towards the implementation of the Dangerous Substances Directive in Hungary: a case study on the Atáler river. River Basin Management. 2021; ():207-217.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea G Capodaglio; E. Anselmetti; M. De Meo; G. Elidetti; S. Grisello; V. Pellegrino; G. Crivellaro; E. Sesia; E. Porro; P. Varga. 2021. "Towards the implementation of the Dangerous Substances Directive in Hungary: a case study on the Atáler river." River Basin Management , no. : 207-217.

Review
Published: 22 April 2021 in Processes
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Development and adoption of more efficient and robust technologies for reuse of wastewater embedded resources, in particular materials and energy, is becoming an unavoidable necessity. Among many emerging technologies in the sector of wastewater treatment residuals valorization, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processes have shown interesting potential, although they have not yet entered the sector’s mainstream as a consolidated commercial technology, as in other industrial applications, such as the food, medical, and bio-based industries. PEF is a non-thermal technology suitable to biological applications, involving gentle cell disintegration and enhanced cell membrane permeability and as such applicable to disinfection, sterilization, and to those processes that benefit from an enhanced extraction of organic compounds from biological matter, such as anaerobic digestion, biological processes for recovery of nutrients, and biorefinery of cell-embedded compounds. PEF technology applications in wastewater/biomass residues management are reported and advantages, drawbacks, and barriers of the technology are discussed in this paper.

ACS Style

Andrea Capodaglio. Pulse Electric Field Technology for Wastewater and Biomass Residues’ Improved Valorization. Processes 2021, 9, 736 .

AMA Style

Andrea Capodaglio. Pulse Electric Field Technology for Wastewater and Biomass Residues’ Improved Valorization. Processes. 2021; 9 (5):736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Capodaglio. 2021. "Pulse Electric Field Technology for Wastewater and Biomass Residues’ Improved Valorization." Processes 9, no. 5: 736.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Water
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Greywater normally represents the largest fraction of wastewater generated in buildings and may be suitable for non-potable reuse after on-site treatment. Conventional technologies for greywater treatment include sequencing batch reactors, membrane filtration, and membrane biological reactors. Even though these can be very effective, they are highly energy consuming and may negatively impact the energy balance of the building where they are installed. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a sustainable technology for contaminant removal and energy production from a variety of substrates. In this study, the application of MFCs for greywater treatment is reported, with a particular focus on the analysis of energy losses, in view of non-potable reuse. MFCs were fed with different types of greywater, characterized by either high or low conductivity, because greywater’s conductivity may greatly differ based on its origin; in either case, organic matter (chemical oxygen demand; COD) removal was higher than 85% and not influenced by the influent conductivity, coupled with a maximum power production of 0.46 mW L−1 and 0.38 mW L−1. Electrolyte overpotentials were dramatically higher in the case of low conductivity greywater (20% vs. 10%, compared to high conductivity influent); these overpotentials are related to the conductivity of the influent, showing that low conductivity hindered energy generation, but not COD removal. Polarization and power curves showed higher internal resistance in the case of low conductivity, confirming the overpotentials’ analysis. Results showed the feasibility of the use of MFCs in greywater treatment, with potential to reduce the energy demand connected to its reuse compared to conventional technologies; coupling with a disinfection stage would be necessary to fully comply with most non-potable reuse regulations.

ACS Style

Daniele Cecconet; Silvia Bolognesi; Luca Piacentini; Arianna Callegari; Andrea Capodaglio. Bioelectrochemical Greywater Treatment for Non-Potable Reuse and Energy Recovery. Water 2021, 13, 295 .

AMA Style

Daniele Cecconet, Silvia Bolognesi, Luca Piacentini, Arianna Callegari, Andrea Capodaglio. Bioelectrochemical Greywater Treatment for Non-Potable Reuse and Energy Recovery. Water. 2021; 13 (3):295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Cecconet; Silvia Bolognesi; Luca Piacentini; Arianna Callegari; Andrea Capodaglio. 2021. "Bioelectrochemical Greywater Treatment for Non-Potable Reuse and Energy Recovery." Water 13, no. 3: 295.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Sustainable stormwater management approaches in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) allow a source control to handle the quality and quantity of the runoff at local level or near the source. The most popular technologies applied in Europe are green roofs, porous pavements, retention basins and bioswales/raingardens. In this article, two of these solutions (retention tank with reuse, and rain garden, respectively), applied to single dwelling case studies in a suburban area in the Silesia Region (Poland), are illustrated and analyzed. The selected cases consider technical and economic aspects as the most important factors for decision on the selection of onsite stormwater management approach. Both systems have been operational for approximately two years. The retention tank proved a good solution, reducing stormwater overflows and allowing local water reuse for lawn irrigation; however, investment and maintenance costs in this case are relatively higher. The raingarden proved to work efficiently in this small scale implementation and implied much lower initial investment and costs. The economic sustainability of these interventions at single dwelling scale was analyzed, showing interesting returns, with outcome depending on the degree of possible water reuse (lower water bills) and availability of fiscal or fee incentives. Introduction of financial incentive schemes will encourage homeowners and developers to implement stormwater control solutions, allowing rapid amortization of investment costs with additional benefits to the community, such as reduced environmental impact of stormwater overflows and possible economies in the construction and management of stormwater systems.

ACS Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zabłocka; Andrea Capodaglio. Analysis of Alternatives for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Small Developments of Polish Urban Catchments. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10189 .

AMA Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zabłocka, Andrea Capodaglio. Analysis of Alternatives for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Small Developments of Polish Urban Catchments. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zabłocka; Andrea Capodaglio. 2020. "Analysis of Alternatives for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Small Developments of Polish Urban Catchments." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10189.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Wastewater from snack foods manufacturing processes may contain significant amounts of pollutants that may affect receiving municipal treatment facilities. Their removal with onsite pre-treatment is therefore necessary, to avoid costly discharge fees. This paper presents a study of two common pollutants in snack-food industry wastewater, namely annatto dye and yeast, in view of planned changes at a production facility. Analyses were conducted to determine the new raw wastewater composition discharged into the municipal wastewater system after local pre-treatment. The most relevant issue affecting effluent quality after the introduction of new ingredients, would be the generation of an effluent no longer compliant with discharge requirements. Pre-treatment upgrade options were studied, showing that annatto removal from process wastewater can be successfully achieved with minor modification of the current process. Yeast removal, instead, would require major interventions on existing processes, hence an alternative approach strategy is proposed.

ACS Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka; Iwona Klosok-Bazan; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Snack-food industry effluent pre-treatment for annatto dye and yeast removal: Process improvement for effectiveness and sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 277, 124117 .

AMA Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka, Iwona Klosok-Bazan, Arianna Callegari, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Snack-food industry effluent pre-treatment for annatto dye and yeast removal: Process improvement for effectiveness and sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 277 ():124117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka; Iwona Klosok-Bazan; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2020. "Snack-food industry effluent pre-treatment for annatto dye and yeast removal: Process improvement for effectiveness and sustainability." Journal of Cleaner Production 277, no. : 124117.

Waste and biomass management and valorization
Published: 24 July 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The issue of sustainable management of biosolids (excess sludge) from wastewater treatment is an important issue in the entire developed world. Residual sludge disposal costs and environmental impact may be significant, and reducing such costs, as well as the energy consumption for dewatering and drying, is a key issue for safe and sustainable sludge disposal, considering the recent ban of some disposal options, such as landfilling, in many European countries. An alternative to thermal technologies is solar drying (not to be confused with bio-drying, very close to the concept of composting). Solar greenhouse drying technology is characterized by reduced land requirements compared with traditional outdoor drying beds, as well as by low-energy requirements compared with other thermal drying methods. Process operation is cost-efficient, with close to no maintenance, and observed specific evaporation rates up to threefold higher than conventional drying beds. Many applications of this technology exist in Poland, Germany and Austria: more than 10,000 t of wet sludge per year is treated in this way in Germany alone and almost as many (9000 t/year) in Poland. This paper examines current biosolids treatment technologies applicable to small wastewater treatment plants (2000–9999 population equivalents served) and opportunities for possible solids reuse in Poland in view of sustainable circular economy schemes. In particular, a purely solar-driven greenhouse facility for sewage sludge drying was investigated under different conditions (season, temperature, environmental humidity) and possible improvements for its efficiency evaluated. Sludge processed by solar drying could have different final disposal pathways, according to season, in accordance with the prescriptions of the new National Waste Management Plan of Poland.

ACS Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka; Iwona Klosok-Bazan; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Sustainable management of biological solids in small treatment plants: overview of strategies and reuse options for a solar drying facility in Poland. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 24680 -24693.

AMA Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka, Iwona Klosok-Bazan, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Sustainable management of biological solids in small treatment plants: overview of strategies and reuse options for a solar drying facility in Poland. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (19):24680-24693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka; Iwona Klosok-Bazan; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2020. "Sustainable management of biological solids in small treatment plants: overview of strategies and reuse options for a solar drying facility in Poland." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 19: 24680-24693.

Waste and biomass management and valorization
Published: 22 July 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Despite solid wastes’ landfill disposal limitation due to recent European legislation, landfill leachate disposal remains a significant problem and will be for many years in the future, since its production may persist for years after a site’s closure. Among process technologies proposed for its treatment, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be effective, achieving both contaminant removal and simultaneous energy recovery. Start-up and operation of two dual-chamber MFCs with different electrodes’ structure, fed with mature municipal solid waste landfill leachate, are reported in this study. Influent (a mix of dairy wastewater and mature landfill leachate at varying proportions) was fed to the anodic chambers of the units, under different conditions. The maximum COD removal efficiency achieved was 84.9% at low leachate/dairy mix, and 66.3% with 7.6% coulombic efficiency (CE) at a leachate/dairy ratio of 20%. Operational issues and effects of cells’ architecture and electrode materials on systems’ performance are analyzed and discussed.

ACS Style

Silvia Bolognesi; Daniele Cecconet; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Bioelectrochemical treatment of municipal solid waste landfill mature leachate and dairy wastewater as co-substrates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 24639 -24649.

AMA Style

Silvia Bolognesi, Daniele Cecconet, Arianna Callegari, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Bioelectrochemical treatment of municipal solid waste landfill mature leachate and dairy wastewater as co-substrates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (19):24639-24649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Bolognesi; Daniele Cecconet; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2020. "Bioelectrochemical treatment of municipal solid waste landfill mature leachate and dairy wastewater as co-substrates." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 19: 24639-24649.

Review
Published: 30 June 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Emerging contaminants’ presence in water, wastewater, and aquatic environments has been widely reported. Their environmental and health-related effects, and the increasing tendency towards wastewater reuse require technology that could remove to a greater degree, or even mineralize, all these contaminants. Currently, the most commonly used process technologies for their removal are advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); however, recent advances have highlighted other advanced treatment processes (ATPs) as possible alternatives, such as advanced reduction processes (ARPs) and advanced oxidation-reduction processes (AORPs). Although they are not yet widely diffused, they may remove contaminants that are not readily treatable by AOPs, or offer better performance than the former. This paper presents an overview of some of the most common or promising ATPs for the removal of contaminants from water and wastewater, and their application, with discussion of their limitations and merits. Issues about technologies’ costs and future perspectives in the water sector are discussed.

ACS Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Critical Perspective on Advanced Treatment Processes for Water and Wastewater: AOPs, ARPs, and AORPs. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4549 .

AMA Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Critical Perspective on Advanced Treatment Processes for Water and Wastewater: AOPs, ARPs, and AORPs. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (13):4549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2020. "Critical Perspective on Advanced Treatment Processes for Water and Wastewater: AOPs, ARPs, and AORPs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13: 4549.

Perspective
Published: 08 June 2020 in Water Environment Research
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Water, energy, and food are key resources that could easily limit sustainability of human society development. Water supply requires considerable amounts of energy, and “usedwater” carries considerable amounts of embedded energy and recoverable materials within. Usedwater is increasingly considered as a potential resource, rather than as a waste. Among process technology options that may allow efficient recovery of that energy, anaerobic digestion could be considered the most mature, already sporting countless applications worldwide. However, the present inefficient dilution‐base collection systems paradigm produces rather dilute sewage, preventing to a large degree a more efficient application of this technology. A new collection system paradigm, based on liquid sources segregation and minimal organics dilution, could result in significant energy savings for conveyance and treatment. This could also enhance recovery of nutrients and reclamation of potentially reusable water, with the associated benefit of reduced production of process residuals requiring further disposal. Implications of this model are discussed. Practitioner points The nexus between water, energy, and food is an impending challenge on water cycle sustainability Current paradigms of urban water management are based on disadvantageous paradigms: high dilution and gravity flow Taking the water out of wastewater may improve energy and recovery efficiency of urban water systems and water reuse options Technologies exist (high‐rate anaerobic, vacuum sewers) and are mature for more widespread application of new urban sanitation paradigms

ACS Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Taking the water out of “wastewater”: An ineluctable oxymoron for urban water cycle sustainability. Water Environment Research 2020, 92, 2030 -2040.

AMA Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Taking the water out of “wastewater”: An ineluctable oxymoron for urban water cycle sustainability. Water Environment Research. 2020; 92 (12):2030-2040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2020. "Taking the water out of “wastewater”: An ineluctable oxymoron for urban water cycle sustainability." Water Environment Research 92, no. 12: 2030-2040.

Articles
Published: 15 May 2020 in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
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A selective approach for multiple wastewater recovery is nowadays desirable and technologically feasible, to provide water at specific quality standards for each reuse objective. This “fit-for-purpose” approach to water reuse could both save water and would reduce production cost and energy demand by eliminating unnecessary treatment and long-range conveyance, as it typically aims at local reuses. The appropriate choice of technologies for such approaches is perhaps the most critical planning and design decision when evaluating systems for implementation or refurbishing. This article examines wastewater reuse goals (direct potable use, indirect potable use, non-potable uses and industrial uses) and related requirements as relevant case studies, and issues that may arise during implementation. It then proposes an overview of current conventional and advanced technologies and their possible combination to meet foreseen uses under a multiple barrier treatment (MBT) approach, which implies a sequence of complementary processes at an increasing level of protection for both conventional and emerging pollutants according to reuse goals.

ACS Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Fit-for-purpose urban wastewater reuse: Analysis of issues and available technologies for sustainable multiple barrier approaches. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2020, 51, 1619 -1666.

AMA Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Fit-for-purpose urban wastewater reuse: Analysis of issues and available technologies for sustainable multiple barrier approaches. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2020; 51 (15):1619-1666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2020. "Fit-for-purpose urban wastewater reuse: Analysis of issues and available technologies for sustainable multiple barrier approaches." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 51, no. 15: 1619-1666.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2020 in Sustainability
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Combined phosphorus (P) removal and recovery from wastewater is a sensible and sustainable choice in view of potential future P-resource scarcity, due to dwindling primary global reserves. P-recovery from wastewater, notwithstanding the relatively small fraction of total global amounts involved (less than 1/5 of total global use ends up in wastewater) could extend the lifespan of available reserves and improve wastewater cycle sustainability. The recovery of the resource, rather than its mere removal as ferric or aluminum salt, will still allow to achieve protection of receiving waters quality, while saving on P-sludge disposal costs. To demonstrate the possibility of such a recovery, a strategy combining enhanced biological phosphorus removal and mineral P-precipitation was studied, by considering possible process modifications of a large treatment facility. Process simulation, a pilot study, and precipitation tests were conducted. The results demonstrated that it would be possible to convert this facility from chemical -precipitation to its biological removal followed by mineral precipitation, with minimal structural intervention. Considerable P-recovery could be obtained, either in form of struvite or, more sustainably, as calcium phosphate, a mineral that also has possible fertilizing applications. The latter would present a cost about one order of magnitude lower than the former.

ACS Style

Maria Concetta Tomei; Valentina Stazi; Saba Daneshgar; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Holistic Approach to Phosphorus Recovery from Urban Wastewater: Enhanced Biological Removal Combined with Precipitation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 575 .

AMA Style

Maria Concetta Tomei, Valentina Stazi, Saba Daneshgar, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Holistic Approach to Phosphorus Recovery from Urban Wastewater: Enhanced Biological Removal Combined with Precipitation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Concetta Tomei; Valentina Stazi; Saba Daneshgar; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2020. "Holistic Approach to Phosphorus Recovery from Urban Wastewater: Enhanced Biological Removal Combined with Precipitation." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 575.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Urban water systems and, in particular, wastewater treatment facilities are among the major energy consumers at municipal level worldwide. Estimates indicate that on average these facilities alone may require about 1% to 3% of the total electric energy output of a country, representing a significant fraction of municipal energy bills. Specific power consumption of state-of-the-art facilities should range between 20 and 45 kWh per population-equivalent served, per year, even though older plants may have even higher demands. This figure does not include wastewater conveyance (pumping) and residues post-processing. On the other hand, wastewater and its byproducts contain energy in different forms: chemical, thermal and potential. Until very recently, the only form of energy recovery from most facilities consisted of anaerobic post-digestion of process residuals (waste sludge), by which chemical energy methane is obtained as biogas, in amounts generally sufficient to cover about half of plant requirements. Implementation of new technologies may allow more efficient strategies of energy savings and recovery from sewage treatment. Besides wastewater valorization by exploitation of its chemical and thermal energy contents, closure of the wastewater cycle by recovery of the energy content of process residuals could allow significant additional energy recovery and increased greenhouse emissions abatement.

ACS Style

Andrea Capodaglio; Gustaf Olsson. Energy Issues in Sustainable Urban Wastewater Management: Use, Demand Reduction and Recovery in the Urban Water Cycle. Sustainability 2019, 12, 266 .

AMA Style

Andrea Capodaglio, Gustaf Olsson. Energy Issues in Sustainable Urban Wastewater Management: Use, Demand Reduction and Recovery in the Urban Water Cycle. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Capodaglio; Gustaf Olsson. 2019. "Energy Issues in Sustainable Urban Wastewater Management: Use, Demand Reduction and Recovery in the Urban Water Cycle." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 266.

Original article
Published: 20 December 2019 in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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In addition to the various options available for sewage sludge disposal, a possible process for sustainable resource recovery from this residue is its transformation into biochar, achieved by post-processing through pyrolysis. Biochar obtained from sewage sludge is considered one of the most interesting final products in a wastewater-based circular economy, as proven by the multitude of its possible uses tested so far in various applications. Recently, combined activated sludge (AS)-microalgae systems have been proposed to simultaneously remove both carbon and nutrients from wastewaters, as alternative to conventional technologies such as those based on denitrification and chemical phosphorus precipitation. Although this combined process could be efficient from the point of view of component removal from effluents, it generates potential issues to solid residue disposal practices, as algae normally respond poorly to traditional, mechanical drying processes. In this study, a disposal solution was investigated, consisting of pyrolysation of a mixed sludge/bioalgae matrix under different conditions: in such way, not only landfilled residuals are practically eliminated, but a material with multiple potential end uses is recovered. Process feedstock (algae, sludge and combinations thereof) and end-products (biochar and bio-oil) were characterised after pyrolysis under different conditions. Algae alone were also subject to preliminary solvent oil extraction to assess whether increased biochar production would result from such process variation (which it did, increasing biochar production by 25–33%). A comprehensive discussion on properties of end products as function of process design, possible applications in a circular economy cycle and advantages of co-pyrolysis follows.

ACS Style

Silvia Bolognesi; Giorgia Bernardi; Arianna Callegari; Daniele Dondi; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Biochar production from sewage sludge and microalgae mixtures: properties, sustainability and possible role in circular economy. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2019, 11, 289 -299.

AMA Style

Silvia Bolognesi, Giorgia Bernardi, Arianna Callegari, Daniele Dondi, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Biochar production from sewage sludge and microalgae mixtures: properties, sustainability and possible role in circular economy. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2019; 11 (2):289-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Bolognesi; Giorgia Bernardi; Arianna Callegari; Daniele Dondi; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2019. "Biochar production from sewage sludge and microalgae mixtures: properties, sustainability and possible role in circular economy." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 11, no. 2: 289-299.

Review
Published: 27 October 2019 in Applied Sciences
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The presence of ‘emerging contaminants’, i.e., chemicals yet without a regulatory status and poorly understood impact on human health and environment, in wastewater and aquatic environments is widely reported. No established technology, to date, can simultaneously and completely remove all these contaminants, even though some Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs,) have demonstrated capacity for some degradation of these compounds. High-energy, radiolytic processing of water matrices using various sources: electron beam (EB), ɣ-rays or non-thermal plasma (NTP) have shown excellent results in many applications, although these remain at the moment isolated examples and scarcely known. High-energy irradiation constitutes an additive-free process that uses short-lived, highly reactive radicals (both oxidating and reducing) generated by water radiolysis, which can instantaneously decompose organic pollutants. Several studies have demonstrated its effectiveness, as a stand-alone process or combined with others, in the rapid decomposition (up to complete mineralization) of organic compounds in pure and complex solutions, and in the removal or inactivation of microorganisms and parasites, without production of leftover residual compounds in solution. High-energy oxidation processes (a.k.a. Advanced Oxidation & Reduction Processes—AORPs) could have a primary role in future strategies addressing emerging contaminants.

ACS Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal by High-Energy Oxidation-Reduction Processes: State of the Art. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4562 .

AMA Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal by High-Energy Oxidation-Reduction Processes: State of the Art. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (21):4562.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2019. "Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal by High-Energy Oxidation-Reduction Processes: State of the Art." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21: 4562.

Preprint
Published: 02 October 2019
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Groundwater contamination is an ever-growing environmental issue, that has attracted much and undiminished attention for the past half century. Groundwater contamination originates from anthropogenic (e.g. hydrocarbons), natural compounds (e.g. nitrate and arsenic), or both; to tackle these contaminants different technologies have been tested during the years. Recently, bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have emerged as a potential treatment for groundwater contamination, with in situ applications reported, that showed promising results. Nitrate and hydrocarbons (toluene, phenanthrene, benzene, BTEX and light PAHs) have been successfully removed, due to the interaction of microbial metabolism with poised electrodes, other than physical migration due to the electric field generated in BES. The selection of proper BESs relies on several factors and problems such as complexity of the groundwater, scale-up and energy requirements that need to be taken into account. Modelling efforts could help predict case scenarios and choose an ideal design and approach to solve these issues. In this review, we critically analyze in situ BES applications for groundwater remediation, focusing in particular on the different setups proposed, and we identify and discuss the existing research gaps in the field.

ACS Style

Daniele Cecconet; Fabrizio Sabba; Matyas Devecseri; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. In situ Groundwater Treatment with Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES): Critical Review and Future Perspectives. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Daniele Cecconet, Fabrizio Sabba, Matyas Devecseri, Arianna Callegari, Andrea G. Capodaglio. In situ Groundwater Treatment with Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES): Critical Review and Future Perspectives. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Cecconet; Fabrizio Sabba; Matyas Devecseri; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2019. "In situ Groundwater Treatment with Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES): Critical Review and Future Perspectives." , no. : 1.

Articles
Published: 25 June 2019 in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
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Fossil fuel continued overuse and carbon emissions issues have prompted increased research efforts on sustainable and renewable energy sources as alternative to fossil fuels. Biofuels include products derived from biomasses or their residues, such as: biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethanol, synthetic biofuels, biohydrogen and vegetable oil. Due to their properties, all of these may be used in conventional engines as produced, or blended with fossil fuels. First and second generation biofuels may be produced from a large variety of feedstocks, including food crops such as sugar beet, sugar cane, sorghum, energy-crops, such as lignocellulosic masses, and waste, like the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, or landfill leachate. In the last decade, a third generation of biofuels has emerged, i.e. those derived from microalgae. Even though their yield is higher, and their greenhouse gas footprint lower than previous generations’, they still need large amounts of water and nutrients for production. In this paper, the most common biofuels (biogas, syngas, biodiesel, bioethanol and biobutanol) are reviewed and analyzed with particular attention on their carbon and water footprints and economic sustainability perspective.

ACS Style

Arianna Callegari; Silvia Bolognesi; Daniele Cecconet; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Production technologies, current role, and future prospects of biofuels feedstocks: A state-of-the-art review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2019, 50, 384 -436.

AMA Style

Arianna Callegari, Silvia Bolognesi, Daniele Cecconet, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Production technologies, current role, and future prospects of biofuels feedstocks: A state-of-the-art review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 50 (4):384-436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arianna Callegari; Silvia Bolognesi; Daniele Cecconet; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2019. "Production technologies, current role, and future prospects of biofuels feedstocks: A state-of-the-art review." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 50, no. 4: 384-436.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Phosphorus removal from Wastewater Treatment Plant effluents is mandated by law under many circumstances, at the same time, the need for more efficient P recovery technologies in the form of valuable reusable products is also increasing, with the aim of conciliating environmental quality as well as the element’s scarcity concerns. Several researchers have identified municipal wastewater as one of the most promising sources of phosphorus recovery, as other recovery pathways are often limited by leaks and short-circuits in the P anthropic cycle. Presently, phosphorus is traditionally removed from wastewater using chemical precipitation or biological methods, ending up in unusable products or excess sludge. Chemical (nonmetallic) precipitation, under controlled condition, could constitute a sustainable approach for achieving this goal, with the formation of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) or other calcium phosphate compounds, which have great potential of being used as fertilizers. In this study, experimental and pilot-test conditions for recovery of P-based fertilizers from aerobically treated sludge are analyzed, estimating at the same time the economic and energy consequences of several process approaches on the treatment facility operation.

ACS Style

Saba Daneshgar; Armando Buttafava; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Economic and energetic assessment of different phosphorus recovery options from aerobic sludge. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 223, 729 -738.

AMA Style

Saba Daneshgar, Armando Buttafava, Arianna Callegari, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Economic and energetic assessment of different phosphorus recovery options from aerobic sludge. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 223 ():729-738.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saba Daneshgar; Armando Buttafava; Arianna Callegari; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2019. "Economic and energetic assessment of different phosphorus recovery options from aerobic sludge." Journal of Cleaner Production 223, no. : 729-738.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Phosphorus recovery has drawn much attention during recent years, due to estimated limited available quantities, and to the harmful environmental impact that it may have when freely released into aquatic environments. Struvite precipitation from wastewater or biological sludge is among the preferred approaches applied for phosphorus recovery, as it results in the availability of valuable fertilizer materials. This process is mostly affected by pH and presence of competitive ions in solution. Modeling and optimization of the precipitation process may help understanding the optimal conditions under which the most efficient recovery could be achieved. In this study, a combination of chemical equilibrium modeling and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to this aim to aerobic sludge from a plant in Italy. The results identify optimum chemical parameters values for best phosphorus precipitation recovery and removal efficiencies, respectively. Identification of optimal conditions for process control is of great importance for implementing pilot scale struvite precipitation and achieve efficient phosphorus recovery.

ACS Style

Saba Daneshgar; Peter A. Vanrolleghem; Céline Vaneeckhaute; Armando Buttafava; Andrea G. Capodaglio. Optimization of P compounds recovery from aerobic sludge by chemical modeling and response surface methodology combination. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 668, 668 -677.

AMA Style

Saba Daneshgar, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Céline Vaneeckhaute, Armando Buttafava, Andrea G. Capodaglio. Optimization of P compounds recovery from aerobic sludge by chemical modeling and response surface methodology combination. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 668 ():668-677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saba Daneshgar; Peter A. Vanrolleghem; Céline Vaneeckhaute; Armando Buttafava; Andrea G. Capodaglio. 2019. "Optimization of P compounds recovery from aerobic sludge by chemical modeling and response surface methodology combination." Science of The Total Environment 668, no. : 668-677.