Read the latest articles of The Saudi Dental Journal at ScienceDirect.com, Elsevier’s leading platform of peer-reviewed scholarly literature

This study evaluates the cytomorphometric measures of cells obtained from the buccal mucosa of dental students to assess the fluctuation of the cellular characteristics among relatively normal subjects, with any potential correlations with demographic information, different habits, and hormonal disturbance. This prospective study included 100 dental students with no detectable oral alterations submitted to brush cytology. The smears were fixed with 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. The stained section was observed under an image analyzer for cytomorphometric analysis. Cytopathological observations were recorded, including inflammation, microbial colonies, micronuclei, keratinization, overlapping, and hemorrhage. Chi-square tests were applied for non-parametric variables. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the cytometric parameters to habits and hormonal disturbances. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed close proximity among subjects in the matter of cytomorphometric measures; no significant influence of sex, smoking, alcohol drinking habits, and menstruation was found on cytomorphometric diameters or cytopathological observation, and vice versa, while polycystic ovary syndrome impacted nuclear and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (p = 0.003, p = 0.02), respectively. Oral exfoliative cytology combined with cytomorphometric analysis for the studied normal individuals can be helpful in various investigations of oral and systemic diseases.

Cystic conditions of the jaw cause bony destruction and may cause resorption or displacement of adjacent teeth. Odontogenic cysts have developmental or inflammatory origins. To describe in detail the inflammatory odontogenic cysts, a manual search was done in hard copy books of oral and maxillofacial pathology, and an electronic search was done in the google website, oral and maxillofacial pathology E-books, PubMed, Research Gate, Academia, and Google scholar using the keywords "odontogenic cysts," "classification of the odontogenic cysts," "radicular cyst," "periapical cyst," "lateral inflammatory cyst," "residual cyst," "paradental cyst," "collateral inflammatory cyst," "treatment of inflammatory odontogenic cysts," and matching each odontogenic inflammatory cyst subtype with these words "gross description," "pathogenesis," "microscopical," clinical," "radiographical" appearance. Articles published till February 2021 were included in this review. In conclusion, an accurate diagnosis of an inflammatory odontogenic cyst requires information relative to its clinical, radiographical, macro- and microscopical findings. In many instances, two cysts that are classified differently may exhibit similar histopathological features. In such cases, clinical and radiographic findings are necessary to make a precise diagnosis.

Purpose: to review in detail various aspects of odontogenic keratocyst, emphasizing recent nomenclature, clinical, histopathological, recurrence, and management of odontogenic keratocyst. Methods: To achieve the objective of this review, a manual search was done in hard copy books of oral and maxillofacial pathology, and an electronic search was done in the google website, oral and maxillofacial pathology E-books, virtual database sites, such as PubMed, Research Gate, Academia, and Google scholar using the descriptors: odontogenic cyst, kerato odontogenic tumor, odontogenic keratocyst, and jaws cystic lesion. The eligibility criteria for selecting articles were: to be in the English language, studies published in journals, or indexed in these databases until 2021. Exclusion criteria were: articles in any languages other than English, studies presented in duplicate between the bases, whose theme did not contemplate the objective proposed in this review, or those not available in the digital environment. Data collection occurred from October to December 2020, followed by a thorough evaluation of the studies found, including an exploratory, selective, analytical, and interpretative reading. Summary and conclusions: the odontogenic keratocyst is noteworthy because of its unusual growth pattern, the tendency to recur, and association with an inherited syndrome. The renaming of odontogenic keratocysts as keratocystic odontogenic tumors has been one of the most debatable changes in the terminology of odontogenic lesions in recent years. Early diagnose of this lesion is important to perform the more conservative treatment. A wait-and-see policy, with yearly follow-up for the first five years and every two years after that, is strongly advocated.

Mouth is the first area for the food to be in contact with oral epithelia and it could cause a chain of events initiated thermal injuries (because of eating or consumption of hot food) leading to ulceration epithelial hyperplasia or dysplasia and end by carcinoma. The elaboration of the food makes it risque to evaluate the role of various dietary components about oral carcinogenesis. Broiling or frying foods and the utilization of microwave increase oral cancer chance. The way is too long in this field and it needs more studies to focus on oral cancer especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this review we attempt to clarify the impact of some diet items on oral carcinoma.

Objective: Aberrant BubR1 and Telomerase expressions are considered as important markers in tumor progression and clinical outcome. This study purposed to describe, compare, and correlate the immunohistochemical expression of BubR1 and Telomerase in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for 28 OSCC samples. The samples graded according to Bryne’s grading system. The reaction positivity, intracellular localization, and intensity were recorded. The expression distribution and mean-ranks of these markers were related to OSCC grades by Fisher’s exact and Kruskal Wallis tests. Finally, the correlation between them was achieved by Spearman’s rho test. Results: BubR1 was detected in 89.3% of OSCCs, equally within scores 2 and 3 (35.7%), presented with 50% faint intensity, and 64.3% cytoplasmic localization. Grade III had a significantly higher mean-rank of BubR1 scoring. Whereas Telomerase observed in 75% of OSCCs, mainly found at scores 2 and 3 (60.7%), and 42.9% was within the cytoplasm. Half of OSCCs had faint intensity. No significant differences reported in the mean-rank and stain intensity among the grades. There was no significant correlation between BubR1 and Telomerase expression. Conclusions: OSCCs had high cytoplasmic BubR1 and telomerase expression that cannot ensure proper function. Mean-rank of BubR1 expression related to OSCC grading and being more in high grade. It determines the loss of differentiation and aggressiveness of OSCC. While the mean-rank of Telomerase did not relate to histopathological grading and considered an early event in carcinogenesis, it can use for the diagnostic approach of oral carcinogenesis. These markers have an independent role in cancer progression.