This article discusses the outcomes of a quantitative analysis using econometric panel data models of the competitiveness of grains in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The analysis was based on the public authorities’ statistics of EAEU countries as well as the United Nations Comtrade Database, which is a repository of official international trade statistics. The results of the analysis allowed us to assess the level of competitiveness of the agricultural products produced in EAEU countries and to determine the extent to which various factors affect the competitiveness. The research conclusions can be used to develop and adjust the agricultural policy in the EAEU.

Currently, the Russian agricultural sector aims to simultaneously achieve two priority goals: to ensure import substitution (or the country’s food security, taking into account rational consumption standards) and to increase exports of agricultural products and food. In this regard, the present study develops proposals for improving agricultural policy and linking these two tasks. The study analysed existing normative legal documents in the field of agricultural policy management and agricultural exports development, relevant foreign experience, as well as Russian and international statistics. It was revealed that an increase in agricultural food production and in the mass of commodities led to export growth. As a result, the negative balance of foreign trade in food decreased, and Russia became a net exporter in 2020-2021. The structure of agri-food exports was examined in order to identify the export potential. Approximately 1/3 of exported goods belong to the group of low-processed products, while only 15 % are highly processed products, which are characterised by a significant negative balance. Competitiveness of products, which plays the most important role in increasing exports, requires the development and implementation of domestic advanced scientific and technological solutions. According to the competitiveness assessment, Russia is a competitive supplier of a wide range of agri-food products, since the prices offered by Russian farmers and exporters are lower or comparable to the prices of major global exporters. Since export growth depends on an increase in agricultural food production, production growth opportunities were considered. The analysis of the consumer purchasing power and food consumption demonstrated their significant differentiation, both by decile groups and by place of residence. The presented findings can be used to improve agricultural policy and adjust state support for the agricultural industry aimed at its effective development.

This article discusses agricultural development trends in Russia, the results of import substitution in the agricultural sector of the economy, and means of ensuring the country’s food...

This article describes trends in Russian agricultural development, results of import substitution in the economys agricultural sector, and food security. The authors analyzed consumption levels of the main agricultural products and food, depending on the populations level of income. The study associates the problem of import substitution with provision of domestic material and technical resources. The authors noted that the duration of the import substitution process for different agricultural products depends on the effectiveness of agricultures organizational and economic mechanisms. Growth opportunities are limited in the economys agricultural sector due to replacement of imports market share. Developing import substitution will create conditions for increasing exports of agricultural products and food and for transitioning from import dependence to development of export potential.

Главным направлением развития отечественного экспорта в настоящее время является развитие не просто несырьевого экспорта, а экспорта продукции с высокой степенью переработки, с высокой добавленной стоимостью. Проведенный анализ показал, что объемы экспорта продовольственных товаров с высокой степенью переработки пока недостаточно высокие. В аграрном секторе основным продуктом экспорта является сырье. В то же время произошедшая в последние годы девальвация национальной валюты позволила снизить экспортные цены в пересчете в доллары США, что в свою очередь, обеспечило рост конкурентоспособности отечественной продукции на мировом рынке. Подчеркивается, что в целях увеличения экспорта продукции с высокой степенью переработки необходимо не только увеличить объемы ее производства, повысить качество, но и создать современную экспортную инфраструктуру по всей стране. Необходимо также формирование эффективной системы брендирования и продвижения российской продукции. Для этого требуется формирование комплексной системы поддержки экспорта продукции...