Temperature and humidity are essential factors in analyzing a building’s thermal performance. This research presents the differences in field measurements of vernacular houses in coastal and mountain areas in Indonesia. Field measurements were taken for five consecutive days in four vernacular houses. The variables were measured at the beginning and at the peak of the rainy season. Analysis included a combination of graphic and descriptive methods. The research results show that the location difference between coast and mountain results in a relatively high difference in temperature (43.6%). The outdoor temperature in the mountain area is lower than that of the coastal area. The outdoor humidity of the mountain area is 0.69% higher than that of the coastal area. In the tropical coastal area, the outdoor temperature of the exposed-brick house is 0.94% lower than that of the coastal wooden house. The outdoor air humidity of the brick house is 0.89% higher than that of the coastal wooden house. In the tropical mountain area, the outdoor temperature of the exposed-stone house is 2.47% lower than that of the wooden house. The outdoor air humidity of the stone house is 0.4% lower than that of the wooden house. The outdoor conditions affect the indoor conditions of the respective houses. These microclimatic differences are influenced by micro-environmental factors, such as the density of surrounding buildings, amount of vegetation, and shading. The research shows that height difference is the most dominant factor influencing outdoor microclimate. Regional microclimate becomes the basis for determining the most suitable envelope materials in different areas. The innovative contribution of the work is, among other benefits, the identification of factors that influence the wellbeing of the buildings’ users in the researched geographical area and the analysis of the interaction of the external and internal environment of buildings. From the above facts, it follows that the results of this work can contribute to the development of prediction models to determine the type of cover, material, shape, and load-bearing elements needed to create comfortable and energy-efficient buildings.

Passive thermal comfort has been widely used to test the thermal performance of a building. The science of active thermal comfort is important to be connected with the science of architecture. The currently developing active thermal comfort is adaptive thermal comfort. Vernacular houses are believed to be able to create thermal comfort for the inhabitants. The present study seeks to analyze the connection between the architectural elements of vernacular houses and adaptive thermal comfort. A mixed method was applied. A quantitative approach was used in the measurement of variables of climate, while a qualitative methodology was employed in an interview on thermal sensations. The connection between architectural elements and adaptive thermal comfort was analyzed by considering the correlation among architectural features, the analysis results of thermal comfort, and the Olgyay and psychrometric diagrams. At the beginning of the rainy season, residents of exposed stone houses had the highest comfortable percentage of 31%. In the middle of the rainy season, the highest percentage of comfort was obtained by residents of exposed brick and wooden houses on the beach at 39%. The lowest comfortable percentage experienced by residents of exposed stone houses at the beginning of the dry season was 0%. The beginning of the dry season in mountainous areas has air temperatures that are too low, making residents uncomfortable. The study results demonstrate that adaptive thermal comfort is related to using a room for adaptation to create thermal comfort for the inhabitants.

Various data analysis methods can make thermal comfort prediction models. One method that is often used is multiple linear regression statistical analysis. Regression analysis needs to be checked for accuracy with other analytical methods. This study compares the making of a thermal comfort prediction model with regression analysis and naïve Bayes analysis. The research method used quantitative methods for data collection regarding thermal comfort. The thermal comfort variable, consisting of eight independent variables and one dependent variable, was measured at Wonosobo High School, Indonesia. The analysis to make the prediction model was carried out with two different analyses: multiple linear regression analysis and naïve Bayes analysis. The results show that naïve Bayes is more accurate than multiple linear regression analysis.

Transmisi Tenaga Listrik yaitu Merupakan proses penyaluaran tenaga listrik dari tempat pembangkit tenaga listrik (Power Plant) hingga Saluran distribusi listrik (substation distribution) sehingga dapat disalurkan sampai pada konsumen pengguna listrik. . Human Machine Interface (HMI) adalah sistem yang menghubungkan antara manusia dan mesin. HMI dapat berupa pengendali dan visualisasi status, baik dengan manual maupun melalui visualisasi komputer yang bersifat real time. .Microsoft Visual Basic .NET adalah sebuah alat untuk mengembangkan dan membangun aplikasi yang bergerak di atas sistem .NET Framework. Arduino adalah sebuah mikrokontroller yang sudah dikembangkan. Komunikasi serial adalah salah satu metode komunikasi data di mana hanya satu bit data yang dikirimkan melalui seuntai kabel pada suatu waktu tertentu.

A building's ability in creating thermal convenience will produce energy saving. Such an ability of a building is known as building thermal performance. Building thermal performance is highly influenced by the building envelop and environment temperature. This research aims at analyzing the thermal performance of two woodand exposed stone-walled buildings in mountainous areas. The measurement uses a scaled prototype of 0.60 m x 0.60 m x 0.60 meter size. Determination of building materials in accordance with local material conditions results from previous studies. The roof uses four material variations, namely roof tiles, zinc, asbestos and thatch. The floor uses three material variations, namely earth, concrete rebate and ceramic. There are a total of 32 building envelope variations. The measurement is performed for 24 hours for each variation model. The analysis uses a graphic and it will shows the difference between woodand exposed stone-walled buildings. The research results generally show that air temperature inside wood building is higher than in exposed stone building. The highest indoor air temperature difference between the wood building and the exposed stone building is 0.37o C. Finally, the building variation with the highest thermal performance is the one with zinc roof and earth floor.

Pengelompokkan karakteristik bangunan diperlukan agar diketahui tipologi arsitektur sehingga penelitian lanjutan dapat mendasarkan pada studi tipologi tersebut. Indonesia mempunyai dua wilayah yang berbeda iklimnya sehingga terdapat dua kelompok tipe bangunan berdasarkan iklim. Lokasi penelitian di daerah pantai Demak dan gunung di wilayah Kabupaten Wonosobo. Tipologi dilihat berdasarkan material dinding, atap, jenis atap, usia bangunan dan orientasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan dokumentasi. Analisis menggunakan prosentase. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rumah vernakular di daerah pantai menggunakan material batu bata dan kayu, sedangkan di daerah gunung, rumah tinggal menggunakan material dinding batu kali dan kayu.