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In the determination of the bioavailability of drugs administered orally, the drugs’ solubility and permeability play a crucial role. For absorption of drug molecules and production of a pharmacological response, solubility is an important parameter that defines the concentration of the drug in systemic circulation. It is a challenging task to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs that have poor water solubility. Most drug molecules are either poorly soluble or insoluble in aqueous environments. Polymer nanocomposites are combinations of two or more different materials that possess unique characteristics and are fused together with sufficient energy in such a manner that the resultant material will have the best properties of both materials. These polymeric materials (biodegradable and other naturally bioactive polymers) are comprised of nanosized particles in a composition of other materials. A systematic search was carried out on Web of Science and SCOPUS using different keywords, and 485 records were found. After the screening and eligibility process, 88 journal articles were found to be eligible, and hence selected to be reviewed and analyzed. Biocompatible and biodegradable materials have emerged in the manufacture of therapeutic and pharmacologic devices, such as impermanent implantation and 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration and biomedical applications. Substantial effort has been made in the usage of bio-based polymers for potential pharmacologic and biomedical purposes, including targeted deliveries and drug carriers for regulated drug release. These implementations necessitate unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic, microbiological, metabolic, and degradation characteristics of the materials in order to provide prolific therapeutic treatments. As a result, a broadly diverse spectrum of natural or artificially synthesized polymers capable of enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolyzing, or enzyme decomposition are being explored for biomedical purposes. This summary examines the contemporary status of biodegradable naturally and synthetically derived polymers for biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, targeted drug discovery and delivery, implantation, and wound repair and healing. This review presents an insight into a number of the commonly used tissue engineering applications, including drug delivery carrier systems, demonstrated in the recent findings. Due to the inherent remarkable properties of biodegradable and bioactive polymers, such as their antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, certain materials have gained significant interest in recent years. These systems are also actively being researched to improve therapeutic activity and mitigate adverse consequences. In this article, we also present the main drug delivery systems reported in the literature and the main methods available to impregnate the polymeric scaffolds with drugs, their properties, and their respective benefits for tissue engineering.
Shubham Sharma; P. Sudhakara; Jujhar Singh; R. Ilyas; M. Asyraf; M. Razman. Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers 2021, 13, 2623 .
AMA StyleShubham Sharma, P. Sudhakara, Jujhar Singh, R. Ilyas, M. Asyraf, M. Razman. Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers. 2021; 13 (16):2623.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShubham Sharma; P. Sudhakara; Jujhar Singh; R. Ilyas; M. Asyraf; M. Razman. 2021. "Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications." Polymers 13, no. 16: 2623.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value derived by the local community from cultural heritage and natural heritage in Jugra, Kuala Langat, as it has the potential to be a recognized heritage tourism site. The quantitative approach was used by conducting a survey study. A total of 392 respondents among the local community were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The collected data were processed with SPSS software and analyzed using cross tabulation analysis. Then, several hypotheses were tested using AMOS software. The result showed that Jugra’s unique heritage elements positively influenced the respondent’s willingness to accept and fund its tourism development. Socioeconomic factors also influenced the respondents’ disposition to preserve heritage. The findings revealed that there was priceless value when respondents agreed with the development, although they had never visited the heritage sites. Their physical, economic, and social valuation made them proud of the heritage, as it is a reflection of their identity. This study also aims to emphasize the role of local community as one of the stakeholders, as they should also be able to benefit from tourism development. All these would help boost the tourism industry, particularly through the archaeo-tourism and eco-tourism perspectives.
Zainab Roslan; Zuliskandar Ramli; Muhammad Razman; M. Asyraf; M. Ishak; R. Ilyas; N. Nurazzi. Reflections on Local Community Identity by Evaluating Heritage Sustainability Protection in Jugra, Selangor, Malaysia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8705 .
AMA StyleZainab Roslan, Zuliskandar Ramli, Muhammad Razman, M. Asyraf, M. Ishak, R. Ilyas, N. Nurazzi. Reflections on Local Community Identity by Evaluating Heritage Sustainability Protection in Jugra, Selangor, Malaysia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZainab Roslan; Zuliskandar Ramli; Muhammad Razman; M. Asyraf; M. Ishak; R. Ilyas; N. Nurazzi. 2021. "Reflections on Local Community Identity by Evaluating Heritage Sustainability Protection in Jugra, Selangor, Malaysia." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8705.
Six different solvents were used as extraction medium (water, methanol, ethanol, acidified methanol, benzene and acetone) to check their phenolics extraction efficacy from flour of two rye cultivars. Rye extracts with different solvents were further analyzed for the estimation of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties. Different tests (TPC, TAC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, RPA and CTC) were performed to check the antioxidant properties and tannin contents in extracts. A bioactive profile of a rye cultivar indicated the presence of total phenolic compounds (0.08–2.62 mg GAE/g), total antioxidant capacity (0.9–6.8 mg AAE/g) and condensed tannin content (4.24–9.28 mg CE/100 g). HPLC was done to check phenolics in rye extract with the best solvent (water), which indicated the presence of Catechol (91.1–120.4 mg/100 g), resorcinol (52–70.3 mg/100 g), vanillin (1.3–5.5 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (1.4–1.5 mg/100 g), quercetin (4.6–4.67 mg/100 g) and benzoic acid (5.3 mg/100 g) in rye extracts. The presence of DNA damage protection potential in rye extracts indicates its medicinal importance. Rye flour could be utilized in the preparation of antioxidant-rich health-benefiting food products.
Pinderpal Kaur; Kawaljit Sandhu; Sneh Bangar; Sukhvinder Purewal; Maninder Kaur; Rushdan Ilyas; Muhammad Asyraf; Muhammad Razman. Unraveling the Bioactive Profile, Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protection Potential of Rye (Secale cereale) Flour. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1214 .
AMA StylePinderpal Kaur, Kawaljit Sandhu, Sneh Bangar, Sukhvinder Purewal, Maninder Kaur, Rushdan Ilyas, Muhammad Asyraf, Muhammad Razman. Unraveling the Bioactive Profile, Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protection Potential of Rye (Secale cereale) Flour. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1214.
Chicago/Turabian StylePinderpal Kaur; Kawaljit Sandhu; Sneh Bangar; Sukhvinder Purewal; Maninder Kaur; Rushdan Ilyas; Muhammad Asyraf; Muhammad Razman. 2021. "Unraveling the Bioactive Profile, Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protection Potential of Rye (Secale cereale) Flour." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1214.
In the field of hybrid natural fiber polymer composites, there has been a recent surge in research and innovation for structural applications. To expand the strengths and applications of this category of materials, significant effort was put into improving their mechanical properties. Hybridization is a designed technique for fiber-reinforced composite materials that involves combining two or more fibers of different groups within a single matrix to manipulate the desired properties. They may be made from a mix of natural and synthetic fibers, synthetic and synthetic fibers, or natural fiber and carbonaceous materials. Owing to their diverse properties, hybrid natural fiber composite materials are manufactured from a variety of materials, including rubber, elastomer, metal, ceramics, glasses, and plants, which come in composite, sandwich laminate, lattice, and segmented shapes. Hybrid composites have a wide range of uses, including in aerospace interiors, naval, civil building, industrial, and sporting goods. This study intends to provide a summary of the factors that contribute to natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites’ mechanical and structural failure as well as overview the details and developments that have been achieved with the composites.
N. Nurazzi; M. Asyraf; S. Fatimah Athiyah; S. Shazleen; S. Rafiqah; M. Harussani; S. Kamarudin; M. Razman; M. Rahmah; E. Zainudin; R. Ilyas; H. Aisyah; M. Norrrahim; N. Abdullah; S. Sapuan; A. Khalina. A Review on Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Natural Fiber Polymer Composites for Structural Applications. Polymers 2021, 13, 2170 .
AMA StyleN. Nurazzi, M. Asyraf, S. Fatimah Athiyah, S. Shazleen, S. Rafiqah, M. Harussani, S. Kamarudin, M. Razman, M. Rahmah, E. Zainudin, R. Ilyas, H. Aisyah, M. Norrrahim, N. Abdullah, S. Sapuan, A. Khalina. A Review on Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Natural Fiber Polymer Composites for Structural Applications. Polymers. 2021; 13 (13):2170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Nurazzi; M. Asyraf; S. Fatimah Athiyah; S. Shazleen; S. Rafiqah; M. Harussani; S. Kamarudin; M. Razman; M. Rahmah; E. Zainudin; R. Ilyas; H. Aisyah; M. Norrrahim; N. Abdullah; S. Sapuan; A. Khalina. 2021. "A Review on Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Natural Fiber Polymer Composites for Structural Applications." Polymers 13, no. 13: 2170.
Polymer composites filled with metal derivatives have been widely used in recent years, particularly as flame retardants, due to their superior characteristics, including high thermal behavior, low environmental degradation, and good fire resistance. The hybridization of metal and polymer composites produces various favorable properties, making them ideal materials for various advanced applications. The fire resistance performance of polymer composites can be enhanced by increasing the combustion capability of composite materials through the inclusion of metallic fireproof materials to protect the composites. The final properties of the metal-filled thermoplastic composites depend on several factors, including pore shape and distribution and morphology of metal particles. For example, fire safety equipment uses polyester thermoplastic and antimony sources with halogenated additives. The use of metals as additives in composites has captured the attention of researchers worldwide due to safety concern in consideration of people’s life and public properties. This review establishes the state-of-art flame resistance properties of metals/polymer composites for numerous industrial applications.
R. Ilyas; S. Sapuan; M. Asyraf; D. Dayana; J. Amelia; M. Rani; Mohd Norrrahim; N. Nurazzi; H. Aisyah; Shubham Sharma; M. Ishak; M. Rafidah; M. Razman. Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants. Polymers 2021, 13, 1701 .
AMA StyleR. Ilyas, S. Sapuan, M. Asyraf, D. Dayana, J. Amelia, M. Rani, Mohd Norrrahim, N. Nurazzi, H. Aisyah, Shubham Sharma, M. Ishak, M. Rafidah, M. Razman. Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants. Polymers. 2021; 13 (11):1701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Ilyas; S. Sapuan; M. Asyraf; D. Dayana; J. Amelia; M. Rani; Mohd Norrrahim; N. Nurazzi; H. Aisyah; Shubham Sharma; M. Ishak; M. Rafidah; M. Razman. 2021. "Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants." Polymers 13, no. 11: 1701.
Over recent years, enthusiasm towards the manufacturing of biopolymers has attracted considerable attention due to the rising concern about depleting resources and worsening pollution. Among the biopolymers available in the world, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the highest biopolymers produced globally and thus, making it suitable for product commercialisation. Therefore, the effectiveness of natural fibre reinforced PLA composite as an alternative material to substitute the non-renewable petroleum-based materials has been examined by researchers. The type of fibre used in fibre/matrix adhesion is very important because it influences the biocomposites’ mechanical properties. Besides that, an outline of the present circumstance of natural fibre-reinforced PLA 3D printing, as well as its functions in 4D printing for applications of stimuli-responsive polymers were also discussed. This research paper aims to present the development and conducted studies on PLA-based natural fibre bio-composites over the last decade. This work reviews recent PLA-derived bio-composite research related to PLA synthesis and biodegradation, its properties, processes, challenges and prospects.
R.A. Ilyas; S.M. Sapuan; M.M. Harussani; M.Y.A.Y. Hakimi; M.Z.M. Haziq; M.S.N. Atikah; M.R.M. Asyraf; M.R. Ishak; M.R. Razman; N.M. Nurazzi; M.N.F. Norrrahim; Hairul Abral; Mochamad Asrofi. Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications. Polymers 2021, 13, 1326 .
AMA StyleR.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, M.M. Harussani, M.Y.A.Y. Hakimi, M.Z.M. Haziq, M.S.N. Atikah, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R. Ishak, M.R. Razman, N.M. Nurazzi, M.N.F. Norrrahim, Hairul Abral, Mochamad Asrofi. Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications. Polymers. 2021; 13 (8):1326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.A. Ilyas; S.M. Sapuan; M.M. Harussani; M.Y.A.Y. Hakimi; M.Z.M. Haziq; M.S.N. Atikah; M.R.M. Asyraf; M.R. Ishak; M.R. Razman; N.M. Nurazzi; M.N.F. Norrrahim; Hairul Abral; Mochamad Asrofi. 2021. "Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications." Polymers 13, no. 8: 1326.
Despite growing urban electricity consumption, information on actual energy use in the household sector is still limited and causal factors leading to electricity consumption remain speculative due to urban expansion and its growing complexity, particularly in developing countries such as Malaysia. This study aims to examine the critical determinants of household electricity consumption by evaluating the patterns and flows of consumption and analysing relationships and their effects on electricity usage among 620 urban households in Seremban, Malaysia. Results suggest that the average urban household electricity consumption is 648.31 kWh/month; this value continues to grow with the increase in the household monthly income (r = 0.360; p < 0.01) and number of rooms (r = 0.360; p < 0.01) as quality of life improves. A large portion of electricity is allocated for kitchen/home consumption, followed by cooling and lighting. Multiple linear regressions revealed that married households with a high monthly income and living in spacious houses together with three to five people are important predictors of electricity consumption in Seremban. This study empirically identified that the number of rooms is the most critical factor of electricity consumption and strategies to increase energy efficiency, maintain resource sustainability and minimise greenhouse gas threat on the urban ecosystem are vital. Therefore, promoting low carbon initiatives for energy conservation and technology improvement and implementing policies in the domestic sector are essential to achieve the greatest potential energy consumption reduction in urban regions.
Sharif Ali; Muhammad Razman; Azahan Awang; M. Asyraf; M. Ishak; R. Ilyas; Roderick Lawrence. Critical Determinants of Household Electricity Consumption in a Rapidly Growing City. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4441 .
AMA StyleSharif Ali, Muhammad Razman, Azahan Awang, M. Asyraf, M. Ishak, R. Ilyas, Roderick Lawrence. Critical Determinants of Household Electricity Consumption in a Rapidly Growing City. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharif Ali; Muhammad Razman; Azahan Awang; M. Asyraf; M. Ishak; R. Ilyas; Roderick Lawrence. 2021. "Critical Determinants of Household Electricity Consumption in a Rapidly Growing City." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4441.
Education for the environment and sustainable development is the one important thing for being studied. At formal school in Indonesia, it was integrated into the subject matter like social science, natural science, geography, or biology. The study about geography education for promoting sustainability had not been thoroughly done in Indonesia. Therefore, this study examined and investigated articles about geography learning and sustainability in Indonesia from 2010 to 2020. The materials were searched through the Garuda and ERIC application, by using keywords related to geography education. It was selected to published articles in journals indexed by Scopus and Sinta. The data were analyzed by a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. The foci of analysis are topics of sustainability elements, learning methods and models, learning media and resources, and students’ assessment in geography learning. All of these were investigated in concern to their relationships and achievements to sustainable development goals (SDGs). As a result, the topics of geography education in Indonesia have contained three main elements of sustainability, namely environment which the most stated, then social, and economic. The learning model and method that was mostly used was outdoor learning with contextual method. The learning media that mostly mentioned were maps, while the learning resources were local wisdom. Aspects of students’ assessment that mostly studied in geography education for promoting sustainability were students’ knowledge, attitude, and skills. Overall, this study has shown that the topics related to sustainability elements contained in the articles on geography education in Indonesia includes their learning components.
Nabila Hawa; Sharifah Zakaria; Muhammad Razman; Nuriah Majid. Geography Education for Promoting Sustainability in Indonesia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4340 .
AMA StyleNabila Hawa, Sharifah Zakaria, Muhammad Razman, Nuriah Majid. Geography Education for Promoting Sustainability in Indonesia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNabila Hawa; Sharifah Zakaria; Muhammad Razman; Nuriah Majid. 2021. "Geography Education for Promoting Sustainability in Indonesia." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4340.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a preemptive tool used by engineers, environmental consultants and planners to avoid the most likely adverse consequences of development projects. As a planning tool, EIA should curb the harmful effects from all stages of a project lifecycle. Landslides and flash floods are the most common problems faced by Malaysians almost yearly due to rapid development, especially that involving modification of watercourses, clearing of land and projects on hill slopes. Despite such issues, existing legislation and new guidelines have been enacted by the Malaysian government and must be followed by any proposing project team before starting development projects. The Department may have accepted an EIA report of the project. Still, several developments may have neglected the guidelines, especially during construction involving earthworks and exposure of the surrounding environment, place and people to a high risk of disaster caused by mishaps and accidents. The incidence of landslides and flash floods as reported in newspapers, journals, reports and books since 1919 is explored in this study to determine the details of the losses and locations. Despite the enactment of the new EIA law, landslides and flash floods continue to occur. This situation justifies the need to revise the approach based on sizes and include other factors, namely, the risk indices for disaster to happen and the effectiveness of EIA in reducing disaster risks in projects.
Syabiha Shith; Nor Azam Ramli; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Amni Umirah Mohamad Nazir; Nazatul Syadia Zainordin; Wesam Al Madhoun. Procedural Effects of Environment Impact Assessment on Controlling Natural Disaster (Landslides and Flashflood) Based on Environmental Degradation from Development in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 2021, 12, 274 -281.
AMA StyleSyabiha Shith, Nor Azam Ramli, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Amni Umirah Mohamad Nazir, Nazatul Syadia Zainordin, Wesam Al Madhoun. Procedural Effects of Environment Impact Assessment on Controlling Natural Disaster (Landslides and Flashflood) Based on Environmental Degradation from Development in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development. 2021; 12 (9):274-281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyabiha Shith; Nor Azam Ramli; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Amni Umirah Mohamad Nazir; Nazatul Syadia Zainordin; Wesam Al Madhoun. 2021. "Procedural Effects of Environment Impact Assessment on Controlling Natural Disaster (Landslides and Flashflood) Based on Environmental Degradation from Development in Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 9: 274-281.
Recently, advanced technologies exploit materials from nonrenewable resources such as petroleum, natural gas, metal ores, and minerals. Since the depletion of these resources and environmental issues, it has brought attention to researchers to progress in the development of biodegradable materials from green composites. Most biofibres and biopolymers are obtained from agricultural waste products either from stem, leaf, stalk, or fruit. Nowadays, green composites with well-regulated life span have been widely discussed in numerous fields and applications. Some studies have shown that biofibres and biopolymers have comparable mechanical, thermal, and physical properties with glass fibre and other synthetic polymers. Thus, researchers are progressively narrowing down the development of green composite materials in many high strength applications, such as house deck and automotive components. This review focuses on the background of green composites (natural fibres and biopolymers), the manufacturing processes, potential applications in cross arm structures, and testing evaluations. This article also focuses on the specific current cross arm configurations and the pultrusion process to form squared hollow section beams. Many open issues and ideas for potential applications of green composites are analysed, and further emphases are given on the development of environmentally friendly material structures. Hence, the article is expected to deliver a state-of-art review on manufacturability and perspectives of natural fibre reinforced biopolymer composite cross arms for transmission towers.
M. R. M. Asyraf; M. R. Ishak; S. M. Sapuan; N. Yidris; R. A. Ilyas; M. Rafidah; M. R. Razman. Potential Application of Green Composites for Cross Arm Component in Transmission Tower: A Brief Review. International Journal of Polymer Science 2020, 2020, 1 -15.
AMA StyleM. R. M. Asyraf, M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, R. A. Ilyas, M. Rafidah, M. R. Razman. Potential Application of Green Composites for Cross Arm Component in Transmission Tower: A Brief Review. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2020; 2020 ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. R. M. Asyraf; M. R. Ishak; S. M. Sapuan; N. Yidris; R. A. Ilyas; M. Rafidah; M. R. Razman. 2020. "Potential Application of Green Composites for Cross Arm Component in Transmission Tower: A Brief Review." International Journal of Polymer Science 2020, no. : 1-15.
The growing trend of energy consumption in urban area has created negative impacts to the urban environment because the issues related to energy use and urban developments are largely dependent on human aspects and mobilized by the inhabitants of the city itself. This study aims to estimating the electricity consumption with regards to electrical appliances usage and carbon emissions in domestic sector of urban area. The study revealed that average electricity power consumption was 648.31 kWh. Meanwhile, refrigerator and air conditioning recorded as the highest electricity consumption appliances compared to other appliances. In terms of type of house, household from bungalow house consumed more electricity power and resulted to high carbon emissions compared to other households. The study suggested that the level of knowledge, awareness, commitment, attitude and behavior of electricity consumption among household should be intensified. Besides, the number of energy saving appliances also needs to be improved and encourage smart energy consumption that led to the sustainable urban development. Keywords: Electricity Consumption; Appliances; Carbon EmissionsJEL Classifications: Q40; R20DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8358
Sharif Shofirun Sharif Ali; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Azahan Awang. THE ESTIMATION AND RELATIONSHIP OF DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND APPLIANCES OWNERSHIP IN MALAYSIA INTERMEDIATE CITY. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 2020, 10, 116 -122.
AMA StyleSharif Shofirun Sharif Ali, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Azahan Awang. THE ESTIMATION AND RELATIONSHIP OF DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND APPLIANCES OWNERSHIP IN MALAYSIA INTERMEDIATE CITY. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy. 2020; 10 (6):116-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharif Shofirun Sharif Ali; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Azahan Awang. 2020. "THE ESTIMATION AND RELATIONSHIP OF DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND APPLIANCES OWNERSHIP IN MALAYSIA INTERMEDIATE CITY." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, no. 6: 116-122.
This manuscript explains the conceptual design of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites portable fire extinguisher. In this project, the integration of theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), morphological chart and analytic network process (ANP) methods was applied to produce the concept designs. The current design of fire extinguisher possesses great difficulties to many users due to its weight and design. In this study, a new design was developed to replace the existing heavy and bulky fire extinguisher design. A preliminary steps were used in the design planning to construct a proper direction to create a new design product. Afterwards, the detailing of the engineering parameters was refined using the TRIZ contradiction matrix to provide inventive solutions for the product. The finalised inventive solution from TRIZ is later incorporated with the morphological chart along with ANP technique to systematically develop the final conceptual design of portable fire extinguisher. The results showed that Concept Design 1 scored the highest value and ranked first among the four designs proposed. Finally, challenges of the portable fire extinguisher design and the improving criteria in concurrent engineering were presented.
M. R. M. Asyraf; M. Rafidah; M. R. Ishak; S. M. Sapuan; N. Yidris; R. A. Ilyas; M. R. Razman. Integration of TRIZ , morphological chart and ANP method for development of FRP composite portable fire extinguisher. Polymer Composites 2020, 41, 2917 -2932.
AMA StyleM. R. M. Asyraf, M. Rafidah, M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, N. Yidris, R. A. Ilyas, M. R. Razman. Integration of TRIZ , morphological chart and ANP method for development of FRP composite portable fire extinguisher. Polymer Composites. 2020; 41 (7):2917-2932.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. R. M. Asyraf; M. Rafidah; M. R. Ishak; S. M. Sapuan; N. Yidris; R. A. Ilyas; M. R. Razman. 2020. "Integration of TRIZ , morphological chart and ANP method for development of FRP composite portable fire extinguisher." Polymer Composites 41, no. 7: 2917-2932.
This study aimed to examines the nexus of population, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, electricity generation, electricity consumption, and carbon emissions output using the time series data. This study employed the time series analysis, Pearson correlation, and regressions analysis to identify the pattern, relationship among variables and determine the significant predictors contributing carbon emissions in Malaysia. The results shown a growing trend in GDP, population, electricity generation, consumption, and emissions output in Malaysia. The correlation analysis presented a positive linear relationship among GDP, population, electricity generation, electricity consumption, and emissions output. The growing trend in population and GDP has significantly resulted in high rate of electricity generation and consumption that leads to greater carbon emissions in Malaysia. The multiple linear regressions suggest that population plays an important role to influence the carbon emissions in power generation sector from 1970 to 2014. We summarized the aspect of generations, consumption, and emissions productions are highly dependent on human aspects and driven by the inhabitants of the country. According to these findings, it can be concluded that electrical power in Malaysia is human-dependent energy system. Therefore, sustainable energy generation and consumption are crucial as renewable energy is generating zero emissions. A more holistic policy and strategy is required to encourage sustainable resources at the same time reducing carbon emissions towards sustainable energy consumption in Malaysia.Keywords: Electricity generation, consumption, emissions, MalaysiaJEL Classifications: Q41; C39DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8987
Sharif Shofirun Sharif Ali; Muhamad Rizal Razman; Azahan Awang. THE NEXUS OF POPULATION, GDP GROWTH, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS OUTPUT IN MALAYSIA. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 2020, 10, 84 -89.
AMA StyleSharif Shofirun Sharif Ali, Muhamad Rizal Razman, Azahan Awang. THE NEXUS OF POPULATION, GDP GROWTH, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS OUTPUT IN MALAYSIA. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy. 2020; 10 (3):84-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharif Shofirun Sharif Ali; Muhamad Rizal Razman; Azahan Awang. 2020. "THE NEXUS OF POPULATION, GDP GROWTH, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS OUTPUT IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, no. 3: 84-89.
Social Engineering Model of Natural Resources Management of Palu City
Sulthan Zainuddin; Andi Mascunra Amir; Yahya R. Kibi; Muhammad Khairil; Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria; Muhammad Rizal Razman. Social Engineering Model of Natural Resources Management of Palu City. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2019, 14, 275 -279.
AMA StyleSulthan Zainuddin, Andi Mascunra Amir, Yahya R. Kibi, Muhammad Khairil, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria, Muhammad Rizal Razman. Social Engineering Model of Natural Resources Management of Palu City. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2019; 14 (1):275-279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSulthan Zainuddin; Andi Mascunra Amir; Yahya R. Kibi; Muhammad Khairil; Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria; Muhammad Rizal Razman. 2019. "Social Engineering Model of Natural Resources Management of Palu City." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1: 275-279.
Increasing ground level ozone has become an important issue because of its adverse effects on health and the environment. Increasing numbers of vehicles is known to be one of the sources of its precursors where gas emissions from vehicle exhausts lead to the production of ground level ozone. Active transports, mainly walking have been found to be the most effective way to reduce the use of private vehicles especially for short-distance travel. In this study, pedestrians’ perspectives on the existence of environmental problems and awareness regarding negative effects of these issues and their perceptions towards changing the current mode to active mode were evaluated. According to the surveys conducted at the four selected schools, by referring to the gender, as compared to male respondents, female respondents mostly testified that there were local environmental problems occurred at their area and are aware of the adverse effects of air pollutants exposed to human. As for types of respondents, teachers were much concern with the environmental problems as they spent more time in schools compared than other types of respondents. In terms of race, Indian and Malay respondents were more aware of the negative effects of air pollutants and most willingly to change from current mode to walking. From the analysis of one-way ANOVA and independent t-test, respondents’ level of agreement with environmental problems, awareness and potential in changing the current mode to walking were related to the gender, types of respondents and race. Nevertheless, factor of travel distance did not influence the given level of agreement by respondents.
Nazatul Syadia Zainordin; Nor Azam Ramli; Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie Mohamad; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Ahmad Shukri Yahya; Noor Faizah Fitri Md. Yusof. PEDESTRIANS’ PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, AWARENESS AND WILLINGNESS IN CHANGING CURRENT MODE TO WALKING IN A POSSIBLE WAY TO REDUCE EXPOSURE OF O3 CONCENTRATIONS TO SCHOOLCHILDREN. Jurnal Teknologi 2018, 80, 1 .
AMA StyleNazatul Syadia Zainordin, Nor Azam Ramli, Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie Mohamad, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Ahmad Shukri Yahya, Noor Faizah Fitri Md. Yusof. PEDESTRIANS’ PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, AWARENESS AND WILLINGNESS IN CHANGING CURRENT MODE TO WALKING IN A POSSIBLE WAY TO REDUCE EXPOSURE OF O3 CONCENTRATIONS TO SCHOOLCHILDREN. Jurnal Teknologi. 2018; 80 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNazatul Syadia Zainordin; Nor Azam Ramli; Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie Mohamad; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Ahmad Shukri Yahya; Noor Faizah Fitri Md. Yusof. 2018. "PEDESTRIANS’ PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, AWARENESS AND WILLINGNESS IN CHANGING CURRENT MODE TO WALKING IN A POSSIBLE WAY TO REDUCE EXPOSURE OF O3 CONCENTRATIONS TO SCHOOLCHILDREN." Jurnal Teknologi 80, no. 5: 1.
Ahmad Firdhaus Arham; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Latifah Amin; Zurina Mahadi; Lee Khai Ern; Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria; Mazlin Mokhtar. Integrated research framework approaches to the control of dengue diseases for achieving sustainable development goals in Malaysia. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 2018, 9, 1231 .
AMA StyleAhmad Firdhaus Arham, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Latifah Amin, Zurina Mahadi, Lee Khai Ern, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria, Mazlin Mokhtar. Integrated research framework approaches to the control of dengue diseases for achieving sustainable development goals in Malaysia. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2018; 9 (11):1231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Firdhaus Arham; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Latifah Amin; Zurina Mahadi; Lee Khai Ern; Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria; Mazlin Mokhtar. 2018. "Integrated research framework approaches to the control of dengue diseases for achieving sustainable development goals in Malaysia." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 9, no. 11: 1231.
The construction industry plays a significant role in contributing to the economy and development globally. During the process of construction, various hazards coupled with the unique nature of the industry contribute to high fatality rates. This review refers to previous published studies and related Malaysian legislation documents. Four main elements consisting of human, worksite, management and external elements which cause occupational accidents and illnesses were identified. External and management elements are the underlying causes contributing to occupational safety and health (OSH), while human and worksite elements are more apparent causes of occupational accidents and illnesses. An effective OSH management approach is required to contain all hazards at construction sites. An approach to OSH management constructed by elements of policy, process, personnel and incentive developed in previous work is explored. Changes to the sub-elements according to previous studies and the related Malaysian legislation are also covered in this review.
Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar; Kadir Arifin; Kadaruddin Aiyub; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Muhammad Izzuddin Syakir Ishak; Mohamad Shaharudin Samsurijan. Occupational safety and health management in the construction industry: a review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 2017, 24, 493 -506.
AMA StyleMohd Hafiidz Jaafar, Kadir Arifin, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Muhammad Izzuddin Syakir Ishak, Mohamad Shaharudin Samsurijan. Occupational safety and health management in the construction industry: a review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2017; 24 (4):493-506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Hafiidz Jaafar; Kadir Arifin; Kadaruddin Aiyub; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Muhammad Izzuddin Syakir Ishak; Mohamad Shaharudin Samsurijan. 2017. "Occupational safety and health management in the construction industry: a review." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 24, no. 4: 493-506.
Malaysian construction industry is crucial in the development of the country towards becoming a developed nation. However, the positive growth of Malaysian construction industry is being affected with high fatality rate. There are four main elements contributing to occupational accidents in the industry comprising of immediate factor (human and worksite) and underlying factor (management and external). Human element is considered the most significant and obvious contributing factor towards occupational accidents in the construction industry. This element is formulated by the four sub-elements, human physical, experience, attitude and behavior. 13 residential projects comprising of seven high-rise and six low-rise projects were chosen in Penang, Malaysia. 135 and 13 respondents were selected for questionnaire survey and interview respectively. Attitude and behavior registered the highest mean average in human element. Comparison made between high-rise and low-rise projects respondents shown that there is no significant difference in the perspective of these two groups towards human element.
Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar; Kadir Arifin; Kadaruddin Aiyub; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin. Human Element as the Contributing Factor Towards Construction Accidents from the Perspective of Malaysian Residential Construction Industry. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2017, 296 -308.
AMA StyleMohd Hafiidz Jaafar, Kadir Arifin, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin. Human Element as the Contributing Factor Towards Construction Accidents from the Perspective of Malaysian Residential Construction Industry. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2017; ():296-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Hafiidz Jaafar; Kadir Arifin; Kadaruddin Aiyub; Muhammad Rizal Razman; Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin. 2017. "Human Element as the Contributing Factor Towards Construction Accidents from the Perspective of Malaysian Residential Construction Industry." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 296-308.
J. Mohd Hafiidz; K. Arifin; Kadaruddin Aiyub; M. R. Razman; M. S. Samsurijan; M. I. Syakir. Worksite element as causes of occupational accidents and illnesses in Malaysian residential construction industry. 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017) 2017, 1885, 20191 .
AMA StyleJ. Mohd Hafiidz, K. Arifin, Kadaruddin Aiyub, M. R. Razman, M. S. Samsurijan, M. I. Syakir. Worksite element as causes of occupational accidents and illnesses in Malaysian residential construction industry. 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). 2017; 1885 ():20191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Mohd Hafiidz; K. Arifin; Kadaruddin Aiyub; M. R. Razman; M. S. Samsurijan; M. I. Syakir. 2017. "Worksite element as causes of occupational accidents and illnesses in Malaysian residential construction industry." 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017) 1885, no. : 20191.
Exposure to PCDD/PCDF (dioxin and furan) through consumption of fish and shellfish is closely related to the occurrence of skin diseases, such as chloracne and hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to determine the exposure of PCDD/PCDF and its congeners in fish and shellfish obtained from different regions of the Straits of Malacca among the fishing community. The risk of fish and shellfish consumption and exposure to PCDD/PCDF among fishermen living in coastal areas of the Straits were evaluated based on a cross-sectional study involving face to face interviews, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements, and administration of food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Skin examination was done by a dermatologist after the interview session. Determination of 17 congeners of PCDD/PCDF in 48 composite samples of fish and shellfish was performed based on HRGC/HRMS analysis. The total PCDD/PCDF in the seafood samples ranged from 0.12 to 1.24 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight (4.6-21.8 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). No significant difference found for the concentrations of PCDD/PCDF between the same types of seafood samples obtained from the three different regions. The concentrations of the most potent congener, 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the seafood samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 pg WHO-TEQ/g FW (1.9 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). A positive moderate correlation was found between the fat contents and concentrations of PCDD/PCDF determined in the seafood samples. The total PCDD/PCDF in all seafood samples were below the 1 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight, with the exception of grey eel-catfish. The respondents had consumed fish and shellfish with the amounts ranging between 2.02 g and 44.06 g per person per day. The total PCDD/PCDF exposures through consumption of fish and shellfish among the respondents were between 0.01 and 0.16 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day. With regard to the two PCDD/PCDF-related skin diseases, no chloracne case was found among the respondents, but 2.2% of the respondents were diagnosed to have hyperpigmentation. Intake of a moderate amount of fish and shellfish from the area is safe and does not pose a risk for skin diseases. An over-consumption of seafood from the potentially polluted area of the Straits should be monitored in future.
Azrina Azlan; Nurul Nadiah Mohamad Nasir; Norashikin Shamsudin; Hejar Abdul Rahman; Hock Eng Khoo; Muhammad Rizal Razman. PCDD and PCDF exposures among fishing community through intake of fish and shellfish from the Straits of Malacca. BMC Public Health 2015, 15, 683 .
AMA StyleAzrina Azlan, Nurul Nadiah Mohamad Nasir, Norashikin Shamsudin, Hejar Abdul Rahman, Hock Eng Khoo, Muhammad Rizal Razman. PCDD and PCDF exposures among fishing community through intake of fish and shellfish from the Straits of Malacca. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15 (1):683.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzrina Azlan; Nurul Nadiah Mohamad Nasir; Norashikin Shamsudin; Hejar Abdul Rahman; Hock Eng Khoo; Muhammad Rizal Razman. 2015. "PCDD and PCDF exposures among fishing community through intake of fish and shellfish from the Straits of Malacca." BMC Public Health 15, no. 1: 683.