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Water resources are influenced by many anthropogenic pollutants, which may migrate into the environment. The Bzura River is one of the rivers strongly impacted by human activity e.g., waste landfills and former industrial plants. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial-temporal variability of trace metals in river water and sediments and to recognize the main sources of pollution. An investigation was carried out on the 120 km section, during two hydrological years. Concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The basic statistics were supported by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Generally, only part of the results exceeded the WHO, USEPA, and Polish threshold values. However, one hotspot burdened by nickel was found. The spatial trend of Ni indicates long-distance migration. The PCA and CA confirmed that the Ni mainly comes from the old industrial waste landfill. Variability of the remaining metals was affected by more mixed sources. None of the metals showed any consistent temporal pattern. The PCA revealed that the anthropogenic factor explained over 50% of the variability in both years; therefore, intensive monitoring of the water river quality is still required.
Kinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Jakub Kubicki; Wojciech M. Wolf. The Long-Term Effect of Industrial Waste Landfill on Surface Water. An Example from Central Poland. Minerals 2021, 11, 861 .
AMA StyleKinga Wieczorek, Anna Turek, Jakub Kubicki, Wojciech M. Wolf. The Long-Term Effect of Industrial Waste Landfill on Surface Water. An Example from Central Poland. Minerals. 2021; 11 (8):861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Jakub Kubicki; Wojciech M. Wolf. 2021. "The Long-Term Effect of Industrial Waste Landfill on Surface Water. An Example from Central Poland." Minerals 11, no. 8: 861.
The pollution of urban soils by metals is a global problem. Prolonged exposure of habitants who are in contact with metals retained in soil poses a health risk. This particularly applies to industrialized cities with developed transport networks. The aim of the study was to determine the content and spatial distribution of mobile metal fractions in soils of the city of Łódź and to identify their load and sources. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA)), combined with GIS, were used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the soil contamination. Hot-spots and differences between urban and suburban areas were also investigated. Metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after soil extraction with 1 mol·L-1 HCl. In most sites, the metal content changes in the following order: Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. About one-third of the samples are considerably (or very highly) contaminated, (contamination factor, CF>3) with Cu, Pb, or Zn. In almost 40% of the samples, contaminated soils were found (pollution load index, PLI>1). All metals have a strong influence on the first principal component (PC1), whereas second principal component (PC2) is related to pH. Polluted soils are located in the downtown, in the south and east part of the city. The distribution of contamination coincides with the urban layout, low emission sources and former industrial areas of Łódź.
Kinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Małgorzata Szczesio; Wojciech M. Wolf. Comprehensive Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Urban Soils of a Post-Industrial City—a Case of Łódź, Poland. Molecules 2020, 25, 4350 .
AMA StyleKinga Wieczorek, Anna Turek, Małgorzata Szczesio, Wojciech M. Wolf. Comprehensive Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Urban Soils of a Post-Industrial City—a Case of Łódź, Poland. Molecules. 2020; 25 (18):4350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Małgorzata Szczesio; Wojciech M. Wolf. 2020. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Urban Soils of a Post-Industrial City—a Case of Łódź, Poland." Molecules 25, no. 18: 4350.
Huge amounts of sewage sludge produced globally is a substantial environmental threat and require rational handling. Application in agriculture is an economical and relatively simple method of sludge management, however, it is associated with restrictions regarding metals content. According to EU regulations, the total amounts of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn have to be analyzed by the AAS technique requiring effective destruction of the organic matrix. Currently used methods of sewage sludge digestion may be biased when applied without optimization. The aim of the presented work was to evaluate the efficiency of the organic substances destruction in either raw or stabilized sludge. Three mineralization procedures were evaluated, namely: (A)—drying and microwave digestion; (B)—ignition and microwave digestion; (C)—drying and conventional digestion. For matrix destruction, a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl (3:1 v/v) was used. Metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). No limits of metal concentration were overdrawn. Generally, the method (B) was the most effective. Results obtained for Cu, Cd, and Zn after digestion by method (A) and (B) were comparable. Methods (B) and (C) yield complete decomposition of the matrix. As result, the precision of measurement substantially increases.
Anna Turek; Kinga Wieczorek; Wojciech M. Wolf. Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1753 .
AMA StyleAnna Turek, Kinga Wieczorek, Wojciech M. Wolf. Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; Kinga Wieczorek; Wojciech M. Wolf. 2019. "Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1753.
Katarzyna Kabzińska; Małgorzata Szczesio; Jacek Świętosławski; Anna Turek. The effect of bottom sediments on the content of heavy metals in meadow soils. Geology, Geophysics & Environment 2015, 41, 1 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kabzińska, Małgorzata Szczesio, Jacek Świętosławski, Anna Turek. The effect of bottom sediments on the content of heavy metals in meadow soils. Geology, Geophysics & Environment. 2015; 41 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kabzińska; Małgorzata Szczesio; Jacek Świętosławski; Anna Turek. 2015. "The effect of bottom sediments on the content of heavy metals in meadow soils." Geology, Geophysics & Environment 41, no. 1: 1.
A low-temperature redetermination by X-ray crystallography of four phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), rac-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB), allowed the supramolecular structures of these compounds to be precisely described in terms of C⋯O/C–H⋯π interactions. The geometric parameters of the redetermined structures agree with those previously reported, but with improved precision.
Lesław Sieroń; Joanna Kobyłecka; Anna Turek. Crystal Packing and Supramolecular Motifs in Four Phenoxyalkanoic Acid Herbicides—Low-Temperature Redeterminations. Organic Chemistry International 2011, 2011, 1 -5.
AMA StyleLesław Sieroń, Joanna Kobyłecka, Anna Turek. Crystal Packing and Supramolecular Motifs in Four Phenoxyalkanoic Acid Herbicides—Low-Temperature Redeterminations. Organic Chemistry International. 2011; 2011 ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLesław Sieroń; Joanna Kobyłecka; Anna Turek. 2011. "Crystal Packing and Supramolecular Motifs in Four Phenoxyalkanoic Acid Herbicides—Low-Temperature Redeterminations." Organic Chemistry International 2011, no. : 1-5.
Seven new solid complexes have been obtained: Hg(II), Fe(II), Ca(II) and Mg(II) complexes with 2,4D and Hg(II), Fe(II) and Ca(II) complexes with 2,4DP as well as previously described Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes with both ligands. The composition of ML2·nH2O complexes, where n = 0–6, was established by chemical analysis methods. Their water solubility has been determined and X-ray, IR and thermal analyses have been carried out. It has been found out that the most sparingly soluble mercury, lead, copper and cadmium compounds precipitate also from a solution of a herbicide which contains 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) as an active substance. The analysis of powder diffraction patterns of the complexes under study shows that they are crystalline, but have different structures. Their IR spectra have been interpreted in relation to the structural data available. It has been found out that metals are coordinated by the carboxylate groups of the ligands. The IR analysis does not allow to establish precisely the mode of coordination of the metals with the carboxylate groups. The thermal decomposition of all the compounds proceeds in a similar way. In the case of the hydrated complexes first the 1–3 step dehydration process takes place. The decomposition of the anhydrous compounds is a two step process with a complicated course. Total mass losses for the mercury, lead and cadmium complexes are close to 100%, thus in the process of thermal decomposition the metals form volatile compounds.
J. Kobyłecka; Anna Turek; Lesław Sieroń. Phenoxyalkanoic acid complexes: Part II. Complexes of selected bivalent metals with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4DP). Thermochimica Acta 2009, 482, 49 -56.
AMA StyleJ. Kobyłecka, Anna Turek, Lesław Sieroń. Phenoxyalkanoic acid complexes: Part II. Complexes of selected bivalent metals with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4DP). Thermochimica Acta. 2009; 482 (1-2):49-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Kobyłecka; Anna Turek; Lesław Sieroń. 2009. "Phenoxyalkanoic acid complexes: Part II. Complexes of selected bivalent metals with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4DP)." Thermochimica Acta 482, no. 1-2: 49-56.
The infinite, two-dimensional polymer bis[(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetato] cadmium dihydrate was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structure has been determined. The cadmium atom is six coordinated by four oxygen atoms from bridging carboxyl groups and two oxygen atoms from water molecules. The polymer net is stabilized by two O–H···O hydrogen bonds. Bond distances and angles within MCPA molecules are comparable to those found for the free acid and its complexes. The shortest cadmium–cadmium distance is 5.453(1) Å.
Anna Turek. A novel polymeric (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetate complex of cadmium(II). Journal of Coordination Chemistry 2004, 57, 1089 -1098.
AMA StyleAnna Turek. A novel polymeric (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetate complex of cadmium(II). Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 2004; 57 (13):1089-1098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek. 2004. "A novel polymeric (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetate complex of cadmium(II)." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 57, no. 13: 1089-1098.
Anna Turek; J. Kobyłecka; B. Ptaszynski. Complexes of dicamba with cadmium(II), copper(II), mercury(II), lead(II) and zinc(II). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2004, 78, 513 -524.
AMA StyleAnna Turek, J. Kobyłecka, B. Ptaszynski. Complexes of dicamba with cadmium(II), copper(II), mercury(II), lead(II) and zinc(II). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2004; 78 (2):513-524.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; J. Kobyłecka; B. Ptaszynski. 2004. "Complexes of dicamba with cadmium(II), copper(II), mercury(II), lead(II) and zinc(II)." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 78, no. 2: 513-524.
New solid heavy metal complexes with 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) of the general formulae: Pb(MCPA)2·H2O and Cd(MCPA)2·2H2O have been prepared. Diffractometric, IR spectroscopic and thermal analyses of these complexes and the previously described Cu(MCPA)2 have been performed. The complexes have different structures, a low level of crystallinity and exhibit a tendency to form polymers. An attempt has been made to explain the mode of the ligand molecule coordination on the basis of the position of the bands of the characteristic νasym and νsym vibrations of the carboxylate group. The course of the TG, DTG and DTA curves indicates that the compounds decompose in two (the copper salt) or three stages. The decomposition of the cadmium complex is preceded by dehydration. The basic gaseous products of decomposition are H2O and CO2. HCOOH, HOCH2COOH, HCl and trace amounts of compounds containing an aromatic ring were also detected. The final solid decomposition product is a metal oxide.
J. Kobylecka; B. Ptaszynski; R. Rogaczewski; Anna Turek. Phenoxyalkanoic acid complexes. Part I. Complexes of lead(II), cadmium(II) and copper(II) with 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Thermochimica Acta 2003, 407, 25 -31.
AMA StyleJ. Kobylecka, B. Ptaszynski, R. Rogaczewski, Anna Turek. Phenoxyalkanoic acid complexes. Part I. Complexes of lead(II), cadmium(II) and copper(II) with 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Thermochimica Acta. 2003; 407 (1):25-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Kobylecka; B. Ptaszynski; R. Rogaczewski; Anna Turek. 2003. "Phenoxyalkanoic acid complexes. Part I. Complexes of lead(II), cadmium(II) and copper(II) with 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA)." Thermochimica Acta 407, no. 1: 25-31.
The bis (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetato lead (II) monohydrate infinite polymer was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structure has been determined and the bond valences were computed. Molecules of the monomer, each occupying an asymmetric unit, are connected by the inversion center and a polymer chain is created by Pb(2O)Pb rings in spiro arrangement. The lead atom is seven coordinate by four oxygen atoms from two chelating carboxyl groups, one water molecule, and two oxygen atoms provided by symmetry generated carboxyl groups. Each carboxyl group acts as a bidentate ligand toward one metal atom and as a monodentate ligand with respect to a second. The lead-oxygen distances are spread over a wide range of values. One molecule of (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate in the monomer is close to planarity, and the second is bent. All 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy groups are almost parallel. The polymer infinite chains are assembled by weak hydrogen bonds to a layered structure.
Rafał Kruszyński; T. J. Bartczak; B. Ptaszyński; Anna Turek. A Novel Lead- bis (4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxy)- Acetate Polymeric Complex. Journal of Coordination Chemistry 2002, 55, 1079 -1089.
AMA StyleRafał Kruszyński, T. J. Bartczak, B. Ptaszyński, Anna Turek. A Novel Lead- bis (4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxy)- Acetate Polymeric Complex. Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 2002; 55 (9):1079-1089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafał Kruszyński; T. J. Bartczak; B. Ptaszyński; Anna Turek. 2002. "A Novel Lead- bis (4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxy)- Acetate Polymeric Complex." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 55, no. 9: 1079-1089.
The new complex of Bi(SCN)3 with the isoperthiocyanic acid : [Bi(C2H2N2S3)(SCN)3] (1) has been obtained during the attempted recrystallization of Dy[Bi(SCN)6] · 6H2O from HClO4. Compound (1) and CsK[Bi(SCN)6] (2) have been investigated by X-ray crystallography. The unusual shape of deformed pentagonal pyramidal coordination of BiIII in (1) and typical octahedral coordination in (2) have been observed. The analysis of Bi-S and Bi-N bond lengths in homo and hetero-ligand thiocyanato BiIII complexes of different coordination numbers is made on the basis of the bond's valences, computed from our literature and experimental data. The role of the BiIII lone electron pair on the shape of BiIII coordination polyhedra is considered. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Leslaw Sieroń; Maria Bukowska-Strżyzewska; Andrzej Cygański; Anna Turek. X-ray crystal structures of [Bi(C2H2N2S3)(Scn)3] (1) and Cs2K[Bi(Scn)6] (2). an unusual pentagonal-pyramidal coordination of biIII in (1). Polyhedron 1996, 15, 3923 -3931.
AMA StyleLeslaw Sieroń, Maria Bukowska-Strżyzewska, Andrzej Cygański, Anna Turek. X-ray crystal structures of [Bi(C2H2N2S3)(Scn)3] (1) and Cs2K[Bi(Scn)6] (2). an unusual pentagonal-pyramidal coordination of biIII in (1). Polyhedron. 1996; 15 (22):3923-3931.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeslaw Sieroń; Maria Bukowska-Strżyzewska; Andrzej Cygański; Anna Turek. 1996. "X-ray crystal structures of [Bi(C2H2N2S3)(Scn)3] (1) and Cs2K[Bi(Scn)6] (2). an unusual pentagonal-pyramidal coordination of biIII in (1)." Polyhedron 15, no. 22: 3923-3931.
Waldemar Maniukiewicz; L. Sieron; M. Bukowska-Strzyzewska; A. Turek. Triaquahexathiocyanatobismuthlanthanum Dihydrate, [Bi(SCN)6La(H2O)3].2H2O, and Triaquahexathiocyanatobismuthneodymium Dihydrate, [Bi(SCN)6Nd(H2O)3].2H2O. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 1996, 52, 753 -757.
AMA StyleWaldemar Maniukiewicz, L. Sieron, M. Bukowska-Strzyzewska, A. Turek. Triaquahexathiocyanatobismuthlanthanum Dihydrate, [Bi(SCN)6La(H2O)3].2H2O, and Triaquahexathiocyanatobismuthneodymium Dihydrate, [Bi(SCN)6Nd(H2O)3].2H2O. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 1996; 52 (4):753-757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWaldemar Maniukiewicz; L. Sieron; M. Bukowska-Strzyzewska; A. Turek. 1996. "Triaquahexathiocyanatobismuthlanthanum Dihydrate, [Bi(SCN)6La(H2O)3].2H2O, and Triaquahexathiocyanatobismuthneodymium Dihydrate, [Bi(SCN)6Nd(H2O)3].2H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 52, no. 4: 753-757.
A spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in complex gas mixtures emitted by the rubber industry. The method allows organic disulfides to be quantitated in amounts exceeding 1.5 mg/m3 gas (expressed as DMDS) and can be applied to the determination of disulfides in air at workplace as well as in gaseous products of thermal and biological decomposition of solid substances. The method enables disulfides and mercaptans to be determined simultaneously.
Anna Turek; Monika Skrzydlinska; Bogdan Ptaszynski. Spectrophotometric Determination of Dimethyl Disulfide in Air Pollutants from the Rubber Industry. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 1996, 61, 1738 -1744.
AMA StyleAnna Turek, Monika Skrzydlinska, Bogdan Ptaszynski. Spectrophotometric Determination of Dimethyl Disulfide in Air Pollutants from the Rubber Industry. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications. 1996; 61 (12):1738-1744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; Monika Skrzydlinska; Bogdan Ptaszynski. 1996. "Spectrophotometric Determination of Dimethyl Disulfide in Air Pollutants from the Rubber Industry." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 12: 1738-1744.
Mono- and binuclear rubidium-sodium halidothiocyanatobismuthates(III) have been prepared. Thermal, chemical and X-ray analyses were used to establish the thermal decomposition course of these complexes. The pyrolysis occurs in three stages connected with the mass loss and exothermic effects. The decomposition temperatures of the title salts are 190–210°C.
Anna Turek; A. Cygański. Thermal decomposition of rubidium-sodium halidothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 1995, 45, 1081 -1087.
AMA StyleAnna Turek, A. Cygański. Thermal decomposition of rubidium-sodium halidothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 1995; 45 (5):1081-1087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; A. Cygański. 1995. "Thermal decomposition of rubidium-sodium halidothiocyanatobismuthates(III)." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 45, no. 5: 1081-1087.
New double complex bismuth salts of the general formula Cs2K[Bi(SCN)xI6-x] where x = 1, 2 and Cs2K[Bi2(SCN)yI9-y] where y=5, 6, 7 have been obtained by dissolving Cs[Bi(SCN)4] in KI solutions of various concentrations. The mechanism of the thermal decomposition of these compounds has been determined on the basis of thermal curves, chemical and diffractometric analyses of the solid pyrolysis products. The decomposition was found to proceed in three stages.
Anna Turek; Andrzej Cygański. Thermal decomposition of caesium—potassium iodothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta 1994, 241, 121 -130.
AMA StyleAnna Turek, Andrzej Cygański. Thermal decomposition of caesium—potassium iodothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta. 1994; 241 ():121-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; Andrzej Cygański. 1994. "Thermal decomposition of caesium—potassium iodothiocyanatobismuthates(III)." Thermochimica Acta 241, no. : 121-130.
Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6] crystallizes in the trigonal space group with one formal molecule per unit cell.M=846.25,a=7.189(1),c=10.580(2) Å,V=473.5(1) Å,Dx=2.967 g cm-3, µ(MoKa)=13.70 mm-1,F(000)=378. FinalR=0.029 for 917 absorption-corrected reflections. The structure consists of infinite[Bi(SCN)6Na]82- anionic chains along thec axis with slightly distorted octahedral Bi-6S and Na-6N coordination and Cs+ ions surrounded by three anionic chains with irregular coordination by six N and three S atoms. X-ray powder diffractograms of three complexes, Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6-xClx] withx=2, 3 and 4, indicate that the mixed complexes are not isostructural and can be indexed in different orthorombic unit cells witha=14.617(8),b=12.32(1),c=10.769(6) Å forx=2;a=15.37(1),b=10.81(1),c=10.287(6) Å forx=3 anda=14.662(7),b=14.366(7),c=7.932(4) Å forx=4. The two dinuclear complexes Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)9-xClx] withx=2 and 3, despite the large similarity of their diffractograms, are not isostructural and can be indexed in different orthorombic unit cells witha=14.79(1),b=13.72(1),c=10.591(5) Å forx=2 anda=18.423(8),b=15.657(7),c=7.410(7) Å forx=3.
M. Bukowska-Strzyzewska; A. Cygański; Waldemar Maniukiewicz; Anna Turek; K. Zagajewska. Crystal structure of cesium sodium hexathiocyanatobismuthate Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6] and characterization of Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6−x Cl x ] and Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)9−x Cl x ] complexes by X-ray powder diffraction. Journal of Chemical Crystallography 1994, 24, 425 -429.
AMA StyleM. Bukowska-Strzyzewska, A. Cygański, Waldemar Maniukiewicz, Anna Turek, K. Zagajewska. Crystal structure of cesium sodium hexathiocyanatobismuthate Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6] and characterization of Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6−x Cl x ] and Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)9−x Cl x ] complexes by X-ray powder diffraction. Journal of Chemical Crystallography. 1994; 24 (7):425-429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Bukowska-Strzyzewska; A. Cygański; Waldemar Maniukiewicz; Anna Turek; K. Zagajewska. 1994. "Crystal structure of cesium sodium hexathiocyanatobismuthate Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6] and characterization of Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)6−x Cl x ] and Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)9−x Cl x ] complexes by X-ray powder diffraction." Journal of Chemical Crystallography 24, no. 7: 425-429.
The thermal dehydration of hexathiocyanatobismuthates(III) of lanthanides of the general formula Ln[Bi(SCN)6] · nH2O, where Ln is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Y and n is 3–5, has been examined. The thermal analysis curves of the complexes and the results of chemical and X-ray analyses of the products are presented. From these results, the mechanism of the thermal dehydration was established. The reaction order and activation energy were calculated by the Coats-Redfern and Zsakó methods.
Anna Turek; Andrzej Cygański. Thermal dehydration of hexathiocyanatobismuthates(III) of lanthanides. Thermochimica Acta 1994, 232, 205 -214.
AMA StyleAnna Turek, Andrzej Cygański. Thermal dehydration of hexathiocyanatobismuthates(III) of lanthanides. Thermochimica Acta. 1994; 232 (2):205-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; Andrzej Cygański. 1994. "Thermal dehydration of hexathiocyanatobismuthates(III) of lanthanides." Thermochimica Acta 232, no. 2: 205-214.
The thermal decomposition of caesium—sodium fluoro- and iodothiocyanatobismuthates(III) having the formulae Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)3I3], Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)22I4], Cs2Na[Bi2-(SCN)5I4], Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)7F2] and Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)6F3] has been examined. The thermal analysis curves of the complexes and the results of chemical and X-ray analyses of the solid pyrolysis products are presented. The results have been used to determine the three stages of thermal decomposition. Reactions occurring in each stage are described. The reaction order and activation energy of each stage have been calculated by means of the methods of Coats—Redfern and Zsako´. The mechanisms of decomposition and the thermal stability of all caesium—sodium halidothiocyanatobismuthates(III) so far obtained have been compared.
Anna Turek; Andrzej Cygan´ski. Studies on thermal decomposition of caesium—sodium fluoro- and iodothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta 1992, 197, 225 -238.
AMA StyleAnna Turek, Andrzej Cygan´ski. Studies on thermal decomposition of caesium—sodium fluoro- and iodothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta. 1992; 197 (1):225-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; Andrzej Cygan´ski. 1992. "Studies on thermal decomposition of caesium—sodium fluoro- and iodothiocyanatobismuthates(III)." Thermochimica Acta 197, no. 1: 225-238.
The thermal decomposition reactions of caesium sodium bromothiocyanatobismuthates(III), Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)3Br3], Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)2Br4], Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)7Br2] and Cs2Na[Bi2(SCN)6Br3], were investigated using thermal analysis. The mechanism of the thermal decomposition of these compounds was determined based on the chemical and X-ray analysis of the solid products of the pyrolysis. The decomposition was found to occur in three stages. The decomposition courses and thermal stabilities of caesium sodium bromothiocyanatobismuthates(III), caesium sodium chlorothiocyanatobismuthates(III), caesium sodium hexathiocyanatobismuthate(III) and caesium tetrathiocyanatobismuthate(III) were compared.
Andrzej Cygański; Anna Turek. Studies on the thermal decomposition of caesium sodium bromothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta 1990, 164, 269 -283.
AMA StyleAndrzej Cygański, Anna Turek. Studies on the thermal decomposition of caesium sodium bromothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta. 1990; 164 ():269-283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Cygański; Anna Turek. 1990. "Studies on the thermal decomposition of caesium sodium bromothiocyanatobismuthates(III)." Thermochimica Acta 164, no. : 269-283.
The decomposition reactions of caesium-sodium chlorothiocyanatobismuthates(III) of the formulae Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)4Cl2], Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)3Cl3] and Cs2Na[Bi(SCN)2Cl4] have been investigated. The mechanism of the thermal decomposition of these compounds has been determined on the basis of their thermal curves together with the chemical, diffractometric and IR spectrophotometric analyses of the pyrolysis products. The results are used to determine the three stages of the thermal decomposition. The courses of decomposition and the thermal stabilities of alkali metal chlorothiocyanatobismuthates(III) and thiocyanato-bismuthates(III) are compared.
A. Cygański; Anna Turek. Studies on thermal decomposition of caesium-sodium chlorothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta 1989, 137, 337 -352.
AMA StyleA. Cygański, Anna Turek. Studies on thermal decomposition of caesium-sodium chlorothiocyanatobismuthates(III). Thermochimica Acta. 1989; 137 (2):337-352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Cygański; Anna Turek. 1989. "Studies on thermal decomposition of caesium-sodium chlorothiocyanatobismuthates(III)." Thermochimica Acta 137, no. 2: 337-352.