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Water resources are influenced by many anthropogenic pollutants, which may migrate into the environment. The Bzura River is one of the rivers strongly impacted by human activity e.g., waste landfills and former industrial plants. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial-temporal variability of trace metals in river water and sediments and to recognize the main sources of pollution. An investigation was carried out on the 120 km section, during two hydrological years. Concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The basic statistics were supported by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Generally, only part of the results exceeded the WHO, USEPA, and Polish threshold values. However, one hotspot burdened by nickel was found. The spatial trend of Ni indicates long-distance migration. The PCA and CA confirmed that the Ni mainly comes from the old industrial waste landfill. Variability of the remaining metals was affected by more mixed sources. None of the metals showed any consistent temporal pattern. The PCA revealed that the anthropogenic factor explained over 50% of the variability in both years; therefore, intensive monitoring of the water river quality is still required.
Kinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Jakub Kubicki; Wojciech M. Wolf. The Long-Term Effect of Industrial Waste Landfill on Surface Water. An Example from Central Poland. Minerals 2021, 11, 861 .
AMA StyleKinga Wieczorek, Anna Turek, Jakub Kubicki, Wojciech M. Wolf. The Long-Term Effect of Industrial Waste Landfill on Surface Water. An Example from Central Poland. Minerals. 2021; 11 (8):861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Jakub Kubicki; Wojciech M. Wolf. 2021. "The Long-Term Effect of Industrial Waste Landfill on Surface Water. An Example from Central Poland." Minerals 11, no. 8: 861.
The pollution of urban soils by metals is a global problem. Prolonged exposure of habitants who are in contact with metals retained in soil poses a health risk. This particularly applies to industrialized cities with developed transport networks. The aim of the study was to determine the content and spatial distribution of mobile metal fractions in soils of the city of Łódź and to identify their load and sources. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA)), combined with GIS, were used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the soil contamination. Hot-spots and differences between urban and suburban areas were also investigated. Metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after soil extraction with 1 mol·L-1 HCl. In most sites, the metal content changes in the following order: Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. About one-third of the samples are considerably (or very highly) contaminated, (contamination factor, CF>3) with Cu, Pb, or Zn. In almost 40% of the samples, contaminated soils were found (pollution load index, PLI>1). All metals have a strong influence on the first principal component (PC1), whereas second principal component (PC2) is related to pH. Polluted soils are located in the downtown, in the south and east part of the city. The distribution of contamination coincides with the urban layout, low emission sources and former industrial areas of Łódź.
Kinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Małgorzata Szczesio; Wojciech M. Wolf. Comprehensive Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Urban Soils of a Post-Industrial City—a Case of Łódź, Poland. Molecules 2020, 25, 4350 .
AMA StyleKinga Wieczorek, Anna Turek, Małgorzata Szczesio, Wojciech M. Wolf. Comprehensive Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Urban Soils of a Post-Industrial City—a Case of Łódź, Poland. Molecules. 2020; 25 (18):4350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Wieczorek; Anna Turek; Małgorzata Szczesio; Wojciech M. Wolf. 2020. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Urban Soils of a Post-Industrial City—a Case of Łódź, Poland." Molecules 25, no. 18: 4350.
Four solid compounds with formulae: Co(OAc)2(Im)·H2O (I), Ni(OAc)2(Im)1.5·2H2O (II), Cu2(OAc)4(Im) (III) and Zn(OAc)2(Im)·H2O (IV) (where: Im = 1H-Imidazole) were prepared and characterized by chemical and elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction patterns and FTIR spectroscopy. Catalytic properties of each complex for styrene oxidation reaction were investigated. Furthermore, thermal properties of compounds were studied using the TG-DTG and DSC techniques under dry air atmosphere. Additionally, volatile thermal decomposition and fragmentation products were also investigated using the TG-FTIR spectra in air.
Agnieszka Czylkowska; Bartłomiej Rogalewicz; Anita Raducka; Natalia Błaszczyk; Tomasz Maniecki; Kinga Wieczorek; Paweł Mierczyński. Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal and Catalytic Properties of Four New Metal (II) Complexes with Selected N- and O-Donor Ligands. Materials 2020, 13, 3217 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Czylkowska, Bartłomiej Rogalewicz, Anita Raducka, Natalia Błaszczyk, Tomasz Maniecki, Kinga Wieczorek, Paweł Mierczyński. Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal and Catalytic Properties of Four New Metal (II) Complexes with Selected N- and O-Donor Ligands. Materials. 2020; 13 (14):3217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Czylkowska; Bartłomiej Rogalewicz; Anita Raducka; Natalia Błaszczyk; Tomasz Maniecki; Kinga Wieczorek; Paweł Mierczyński. 2020. "Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal and Catalytic Properties of Four New Metal (II) Complexes with Selected N- and O-Donor Ligands." Materials 13, no. 14: 3217.
Huge amounts of sewage sludge produced globally is a substantial environmental threat and require rational handling. Application in agriculture is an economical and relatively simple method of sludge management, however, it is associated with restrictions regarding metals content. According to EU regulations, the total amounts of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn have to be analyzed by the AAS technique requiring effective destruction of the organic matrix. Currently used methods of sewage sludge digestion may be biased when applied without optimization. The aim of the presented work was to evaluate the efficiency of the organic substances destruction in either raw or stabilized sludge. Three mineralization procedures were evaluated, namely: (A)—drying and microwave digestion; (B)—ignition and microwave digestion; (C)—drying and conventional digestion. For matrix destruction, a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl (3:1 v/v) was used. Metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). No limits of metal concentration were overdrawn. Generally, the method (B) was the most effective. Results obtained for Cu, Cd, and Zn after digestion by method (A) and (B) were comparable. Methods (B) and (C) yield complete decomposition of the matrix. As result, the precision of measurement substantially increases.
Anna Turek; Kinga Wieczorek; Wojciech M. Wolf. Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1753 .
AMA StyleAnna Turek, Kinga Wieczorek, Wojciech M. Wolf. Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Turek; Kinga Wieczorek; Wojciech M. Wolf. 2019. "Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1753.