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This study explores the effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, wavelength, hole-scavenger (absence and presence of salicylic acid), and oxygen conditions (aeration by air, nitrogen gas, and mechanical stir only) on photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium over titanium dioxide photocatalyst and the chromic species distribution after photocatalysis. The experimental results show the existence of strong interactions between these factors. The factor of hole-scavenger was more important than the UV light wavelength condition for a reduction of 3 mg Cr(VI) L−1, whereas both factors became important when Cr(VI) concentration increased to 20 mgL−1. The higher the UV wavelength was, the less the amount of chromium retained on the TiO2 surface. The influence of oxygen-containing conditions in the solution on the reduction of 3 mgL−1 Cr(VI) was unobvious, whereas its influence became remarkable for the reduction of 20 mgL−1 Cr(VI) in the presence of SA. The interaction between oxygen-containing factor and other environmental factors, such as Cr(VI) concentration and scavenger presence (SA in this study), is a key factor about the degree of oxygen effect on Cr(VI) photo-reduction and the chromic species distribution. Simple stirring obtained better photocatalytic efficiency than aeration by air or nitrogen gas.
Chih-Chi Yang; Khanh-Chau Dao; Yo-Sheng Lin; Teng-Yun Cheng; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. Impacts of Mixing Mode on Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium over Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterial under Various Environmental Conditions. Water 2021, 13, 2291 .
AMA StyleChih-Chi Yang, Khanh-Chau Dao, Yo-Sheng Lin, Teng-Yun Cheng, Ku-Fan Chen, Yung-Pin Tsai. Impacts of Mixing Mode on Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium over Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterial under Various Environmental Conditions. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChih-Chi Yang; Khanh-Chau Dao; Yo-Sheng Lin; Teng-Yun Cheng; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. 2021. "Impacts of Mixing Mode on Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium over Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterial under Various Environmental Conditions." Water 13, no. 16: 2291.
The study was conducted to understand the travel intentions of Dajia Matsu pilgrimage participants through tourism decision making, environmental risk perception, epidemic prevention attitude, and physical and mental health assessment. A questionnaire survey was used to collect 230 questionnaires in the field during the 2021 pilgrimage, and structural analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical programs. The results showed that environmental risk and physical and mental health awareness were not significantly associated with the travel intention of Dajia Matsu pilgrimage participants (p > 0.05), while travel decision and attitude toward epidemic prevention were significantly associated with travel intention (p < 0.05).
Kuan-Chieh Tseng; Hsiao-Hsien Lin; Jan-Wei Lin; I-Shen Chen; Chin-Hsien Hsu. Under the COVID-19 Environment, Will Tourism Decision Making, Environmental Risks, and Epidemic Prevention Attitudes Affect the People’s Firm Belief in Participating in Leisure Tourism Activities? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7539 .
AMA StyleKuan-Chieh Tseng, Hsiao-Hsien Lin, Jan-Wei Lin, I-Shen Chen, Chin-Hsien Hsu. Under the COVID-19 Environment, Will Tourism Decision Making, Environmental Risks, and Epidemic Prevention Attitudes Affect the People’s Firm Belief in Participating in Leisure Tourism Activities? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7539.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuan-Chieh Tseng; Hsiao-Hsien Lin; Jan-Wei Lin; I-Shen Chen; Chin-Hsien Hsu. 2021. "Under the COVID-19 Environment, Will Tourism Decision Making, Environmental Risks, and Epidemic Prevention Attitudes Affect the People’s Firm Belief in Participating in Leisure Tourism Activities?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7539.
This study used high and low concentrations of glucose and acetic acid as carbon sources in two aerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) processes. Trials were shock loaded with different concentrations of Cd2+. It was observed that the substrate utilization rate decreased when glucose concentration increased and thus the activated sludge of A2O preferred acetic acid as a carbon source over glucose. Under anaerobic conditions, activated sludge readily transformed the substrate into poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by the Entner–Douderoff (ED) pathway with ease, but not into poly-b-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) by the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway. However, ED pathway was suppressed more severely by cadmium shock loading than that of the EMP pathway. The shock loading of Cd2+ greatly inhibited the anaerobic phosphate release rate with a half inhibition concentration of 10 mg L−1 when acetic acid was used as a substrate. The phosphate removal efficiency of A2O with acetic acid was affected by Cd2+ shock loading more than that of glucose. Therefore, A2O with glucose as a substrate could tolerate the Cd2+ shock loading better than that of A2O with acetic acid. This study also showed that polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) were more sensitive to Cd2+ toxicity than that of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). With the addition of Cd2+, PHB/PHV synthesis/degradation was inhibited more apparently in acetic acid trials than that of glucose trials.
Chih-Chi Yang; Meng-Shan Lu; Khanh Chau Dao; Jan-Wei Lin; Yi-Hsiu Chou; Yung-Pin Tsai. Comparison of the Influences of Cadmium Toxicity to Phosphate Removal in Activated Sludge Separately Fed by Glucose and Acetic Acid as Carbon Sources. Water 2020, 12, 1205 .
AMA StyleChih-Chi Yang, Meng-Shan Lu, Khanh Chau Dao, Jan-Wei Lin, Yi-Hsiu Chou, Yung-Pin Tsai. Comparison of the Influences of Cadmium Toxicity to Phosphate Removal in Activated Sludge Separately Fed by Glucose and Acetic Acid as Carbon Sources. Water. 2020; 12 (4):1205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChih-Chi Yang; Meng-Shan Lu; Khanh Chau Dao; Jan-Wei Lin; Yi-Hsiu Chou; Yung-Pin Tsai. 2020. "Comparison of the Influences of Cadmium Toxicity to Phosphate Removal in Activated Sludge Separately Fed by Glucose and Acetic Acid as Carbon Sources." Water 12, no. 4: 1205.
Due to various potential toxicological threats to living organisms even at low concentrations, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in natural water are seen as an emerging environmental issue. The low efficiency of removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by conventional wastewater treatment plants calls for more efficient technology. Research on advanced oxidation processes has recently become a hot topic as it has been shown that these technologies can effectively oxidize most organic contaminants to inorganic carbon through mineralization. Among the advanced oxidation processes, the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and, in general, electrochemical oxidation or anodic oxidation have shown good prospects at the lab-scale for the elimination of contamination caused by the presence of residual pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aqueous systems. This paper reviewed the effectiveness of electrochemical oxidation in removing pharmaceuticals and personal care products from liquid solutions, alone or in combination with other treatment processes, in the last 10 years. Reactor designs and configurations, electrode materials, operational factors (initial concentration, supporting electrolytes, current density, temperature, pH, stirring rate, electrode spacing, and fluid velocity) were also investigated.
Khanh Chau Dao; Chih-Chi Yang; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. Recent Trends in Removal Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Electrochemical Oxidation and Combined Systems. Water 2020, 12, 1043 .
AMA StyleKhanh Chau Dao, Chih-Chi Yang, Ku-Fan Chen, Yung-Pin Tsai. Recent Trends in Removal Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Electrochemical Oxidation and Combined Systems. Water. 2020; 12 (4):1043.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhanh Chau Dao; Chih-Chi Yang; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. 2020. "Recent Trends in Removal Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Electrochemical Oxidation and Combined Systems." Water 12, no. 4: 1043.
We investigated a light emitting diode (LED) lighting system applied to a water bamboo field during winter season at night, and the results indicated that this lighting system can prevent the stunting of water bamboo leaves and further assist its growth. Compared with previous LED systems, in which the LED bulbs were placed directly above water bamboo leaves, our LED lighting system presents the benefit of easy handling during harvest. To prevent the inhomogeneous coverage of LED light patterns, a new design of LED lenses was also incorporated.
Vincent K. S. Hsiao; Teng-Yun Cheng; Chih-Feng Chen; Hao Shiu; Yong-Jin Yu; Chun-Fu Tsai; Pin-Chen Lai; Min-Chia Tsai; Chih-Chi Yang; Hung-Yu Chien; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. Optimized LED-Integrated Agricultural Facilities for Adjusting the Growth of Water Bamboo (Zizania latifolia). Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1330 .
AMA StyleVincent K. S. Hsiao, Teng-Yun Cheng, Chih-Feng Chen, Hao Shiu, Yong-Jin Yu, Chun-Fu Tsai, Pin-Chen Lai, Min-Chia Tsai, Chih-Chi Yang, Hung-Yu Chien, Ku-Fan Chen, Yung-Pin Tsai. Optimized LED-Integrated Agricultural Facilities for Adjusting the Growth of Water Bamboo (Zizania latifolia). Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (4):1330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincent K. S. Hsiao; Teng-Yun Cheng; Chih-Feng Chen; Hao Shiu; Yong-Jin Yu; Chun-Fu Tsai; Pin-Chen Lai; Min-Chia Tsai; Chih-Chi Yang; Hung-Yu Chien; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. 2020. "Optimized LED-Integrated Agricultural Facilities for Adjusting the Growth of Water Bamboo (Zizania latifolia)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4: 1330.
The purpose of this study was to study how temperature variation affects the tolerance of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a toxic environment. To exclude the interference of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), shock loading experiments were conducted to study the effect of Cu(II) toxicity on the metabolisms of PAOs in 10, 20, and 30 °C conditions. The experimental data showed that the temperature effects on aerobic phosphorus uptake, PHA degradation, and glycogen synthesis were remarkable in the presence of Cu(II). Nevertheless, insignificant effects on anaerobic phosphorus release and PHA synthesis were found. The largest inhibition of PAO metabolism occurred in the low temperature case (10 °C). This study also experimentally demonstrated the loss of PAO metabolic ability in the subsequent aerobic stage, after the anaerobic stage. The presence of Cu(II) toxicity mainly resulted from the inhibition of biochemical reactions in the aerobic stage, and it was irrelevant to the inhibition of previous anaerobic metabolisms.
Chen-Chiang Chou; Chih-Chi Yang; Meng-Shan Lu; Li-Yuan Hu; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. The Influence of Temperature on Metabolisms of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms in Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Presence of Cu(II) Toxicity. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1126 .
AMA StyleChen-Chiang Chou, Chih-Chi Yang, Meng-Shan Lu, Li-Yuan Hu, Ku-Fan Chen, Yung-Pin Tsai. The Influence of Temperature on Metabolisms of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms in Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Presence of Cu(II) Toxicity. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (6):1126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen-Chiang Chou; Chih-Chi Yang; Meng-Shan Lu; Li-Yuan Hu; Ku-Fan Chen; Yung-Pin Tsai. 2019. "The Influence of Temperature on Metabolisms of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms in Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Presence of Cu(II) Toxicity." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6: 1126.