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It is important for sport scientists and health professionals to have estimative methods for energy demand during different physical activities. The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) provides a feasible approach for classifying activity intensity as a multiple of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR is generally assumed to be 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram of body mass per minute (mL O2 kg−1 min−1), a value that has been criticized and considered to be overestimated in the older adult population. However, there has been no comprehensive effort to review available RMR estimations, equivalent to 1 MET, obtained in the older adult population. The aim of this review was to examine the existing evidence reporting measured RMR values in the older adult population and to provide descriptive estimates of 1 MET. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library, from database inception to July 2021. To this end, original research studies assessing RMR in adults ≥ 60 years old using indirect calorimetry and reporting results in mL O2 kg−1 min−1 were sought. Twenty-three eligible studies were identified, including a total of 1091 participants (426 men). All but two studies reported RMR values lower than the conventional 3.5 mL O2 kg−1 min−1. The overall weighted average 1 MET value obtained from all included studies was 2.7 ± 0.6 mL O2 kg−1 min−1; however, when considering best practice studies, this value was 11% lower (2.4 ± 0.3 mL O2 kg−1 min−1). Based on the results of this systematic review, we would advise against the application of the standard value of 1 MET (3.5 mL O2 kg−1 min−1) in people ≥ 60 years of age and encourage the direct assessment of RMR using indirect calorimetry while adhering to evidence-based best practice recommendations. When this is not possible, assuming an overall value of 2.7 mL O2 kg−1 min−1 might be reasonable. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 30 September 2020, with registration number CRD42020206440.
Javier Leal-Martín; Miguel Muñoz-Muñoz; Sarah Kozey Keadle; Francisco Amaro-Gahete; Luis M. Alegre; Asier Mañas; Ignacio Ara. Resting Oxygen Uptake Value of 1 Metabolic Equivalent of Task in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Descriptive Analysis. Sports Medicine 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleJavier Leal-Martín, Miguel Muñoz-Muñoz, Sarah Kozey Keadle, Francisco Amaro-Gahete, Luis M. Alegre, Asier Mañas, Ignacio Ara. Resting Oxygen Uptake Value of 1 Metabolic Equivalent of Task in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Descriptive Analysis. Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Leal-Martín; Miguel Muñoz-Muñoz; Sarah Kozey Keadle; Francisco Amaro-Gahete; Luis M. Alegre; Asier Mañas; Ignacio Ara. 2021. "Resting Oxygen Uptake Value of 1 Metabolic Equivalent of Task in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Descriptive Analysis." Sports Medicine , no. : 1-18.
Background A validated, standardized, and feasible test to assess muscle power in older adults has recently been reported: the sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power test. This investigation aimed to assess the relationship between relative STS power and age and to provide normative data, cut-off points, and minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for STS power measures in older women and men. Methods A total of 9320 older adults (6161 women and 3159 men) aged 60–103 years and 586 young and middle-aged adults (318 women and 268 men) aged 20–60 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Relative (normalized to body mass), allometric (normalized to height squared), and specific (normalized to legs muscle mass) muscle power values were assessed by the 30 s STS power test. Body composition was evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, and legs skeletal muscle index (SMI; normalized to height squared) was calculated. Habitual and maximal gait speed, timed up-and-go test, and 6 min walking distance were collected as physical performance measures, and participants were classified into two groups: well-functioning and mobility-limited older adults. Results Relative STS power was found to decrease between 30–50 years (−0.05 W·kg−1·year−1; P > 0.05), 50–80 years (−0.10 to −0.13 W·kg−1·year−1; P < 0.001), and above 80 years (−0.07 to −0.08 W·kg−1·year−1; P < 0.001). A total of 1129 older women (18%) and 510 older men (16%) presented mobility limitations. Mobility-limited older adults were older and exhibited lower relative, allometric, and specific power; higher body mass index (BMI) and legs SMI (both only in women); and lower legs SMI (only in men) than their well-functioning counterparts (all P < 0.05). Normative data and cut-off points for relative, allometric, and specific STS power and for BMI and legs SMI were reported. Low relative STS power occurred below 2.1 W·kg−1 in women (area under the curve, AUC, [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.85 [0.84–0.87]) and below 2.6 W·kg−1 in men (AUC [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.87–0.91]). The age-adjusted odds ratios [95% CI] for mobility limitations in older women and men with low relative STS power were 10.6 [9.0–12.6] and 14.1 [10.9–18.2], respectively. MCID values for relative STS power were 0.33 W·kg−1 in women and 0.42 W·kg−1 in men. Conclusions Relative STS power decreased significantly after the age of 50 years and was negatively and strongly associated with mobility limitations. Our study provides normative data, functionally relevant cut-off points, and MCID values for STS power for their use in daily clinical practice.
Julian Alcazar; Luis M. Alegre; Evelien Van Roie; João P. Magalhães; Barbara R. Nielsen; Marcela González‐Gross; Pedro B. Júdice; Jose A. Casajús; Christophe Delecluse; Luis B. Sardinha; Charlotte Suetta; Ignacio Ara. Relative sit‐to‐stand power: aging trajectories, functionally relevant cut‐off points, and normative data in a large European cohort. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2021, 12, 921 -932.
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Luis M. Alegre, Evelien Van Roie, João P. Magalhães, Barbara R. Nielsen, Marcela González‐Gross, Pedro B. Júdice, Jose A. Casajús, Christophe Delecluse, Luis B. Sardinha, Charlotte Suetta, Ignacio Ara. Relative sit‐to‐stand power: aging trajectories, functionally relevant cut‐off points, and normative data in a large European cohort. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2021; 12 (4):921-932.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Luis M. Alegre; Evelien Van Roie; João P. Magalhães; Barbara R. Nielsen; Marcela González‐Gross; Pedro B. Júdice; Jose A. Casajús; Christophe Delecluse; Luis B. Sardinha; Charlotte Suetta; Ignacio Ara. 2021. "Relative sit‐to‐stand power: aging trajectories, functionally relevant cut‐off points, and normative data in a large European cohort." Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 12, no. 4: 921-932.
This study investigated the acute responses to volume-load-matched heavy-load (80% 1RM) versus light-load (40% 1RM) power-oriented resistance training sessions in well-functioning older adults. Using a randomized cross-over design, 15 volunteers completed each condition on a leg press. Neuromuscular (maximal isometric force and rate of force development) and functional performance (power during sit-to-stand test), lactate, and muscle damage biochemistry (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein serum concentration) were assessed pre- and post-exercise. Performance declines were found after heavy-load (Cohen’s d effect size (d); maximal isometric force=0.95 d; rate of force development=1.17 d; sit-to-stand power =0.38 d, all p<0.05) and light-load (maximal isometric force=0.45 d; rate of force development=0.9 d; sit-to-stand power=1.17 d, all p0.05). Both conditions increased creatine kinase the day after exercise (marginal effect=0.75 d, p0.05). Irrespective of the load used, power training induced non-clinically significant decreases in sit-to-stand performance, moderate declines in maximal isometric force, but pronounced decreases in the rate of force development. Furthermore, the metabolic stress and muscle damage were minor; both sessions were generally well tolerated by well-functioning older adults without previous experience in resistance training.
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Juanmanuel Carmona-Torres; Aurora Maria Cruz-Santaella; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. Acute Physiological Response to Light- and Heavy-load Power-oriented Exercise in Older Adults. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez, Julian Alcazar, Jose Losa-Reyna, Juanmanuel Carmona-Torres, Aurora Maria Cruz-Santaella, Ignacio Ara, Robert Csapo, Luis M. Alegre. Acute Physiological Response to Light- and Heavy-load Power-oriented Exercise in Older Adults. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Juanmanuel Carmona-Torres; Aurora Maria Cruz-Santaella; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. 2021. "Acute Physiological Response to Light- and Heavy-load Power-oriented Exercise in Older Adults." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie , no. : 1.
Background Power-oriented resistance training (PRT) is one of the most effective exercise programs to counteract neuromuscular and physical function age-related declines. However, the optimal load that maximizes these outcomes or the load-specific adaptations induced on muscle power determinants remain to be better understood. Furthermore, to investigate whether these adaptations are potentially transferred to an untrained limb (i.e., cross-education phenomenon) could be especially relevant during limb-immobilization frequently observed in older people (e.g., after hip fracture). Methods At least 30 well-functioning older participants (>65 years) will participate in a within-person randomized controlled trial. After an 8-week control period, the effects of two 12-week PRT programs using light vs. heavy loads will be compared using an unilateral exercise model through three study arms (light-load PRT vs. non-exercise; heavy-load PRT vs. non-exercise; and light- vs. heavy- load PRT). Muscle-tendon function, muscle excitation and morphology and physical function will be evaluated to analyze the load-specific effects of PRT in older people. Additionally, the effects of PRT will be examined on a non-exercised contralateral limb. Discussion Tailored exercise programs are largely demanded given their potentially greater efficiency preventing age-related negative consequences, especially during limb-immobilization. This trial will provide evidence supporting the use of light- or heavy-load PRT on older adults depending on individual needs, improving decision making and exercise program efficacy. Clinical Trial Registration NCT03724461 registration data: October 30, 2018.
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Noelia Maria Martin-Espinosa; Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. Effects of Power-Oriented Resistance Training With Heavy vs. Light Loads on Muscle-Tendon Function in Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Physiology 2021, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez, Julian Alcazar, Jose Losa-Reyna, Noelia Maria Martin-Espinosa, Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez, Ignacio Ara, Robert Csapo, Luis M. Alegre. Effects of Power-Oriented Resistance Training With Heavy vs. Light Loads on Muscle-Tendon Function in Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Physiology. 2021; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Noelia Maria Martin-Espinosa; Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. 2021. "Effects of Power-Oriented Resistance Training With Heavy vs. Light Loads on Muscle-Tendon Function in Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." Frontiers in Physiology 12, no. : 1.
Introduction: This study describes the theoretical foundations of the development of an equation that allows for the estimation of the mobilized load when training with suspension devices (type TRX®) and presents a mobile application as a means for its use. Methods: Systems of equations are proposed of which the terms depend on the angulation of the device with respect to the vertical (angle α), the relationship between the height of grip, the height of the center of mass and the weight of the subject, which are recorded from a photo. Results: Based on the photo and the subject’s standing height, the application allows the user to measure the angle α, providing the values of applied force (in N) and mobilized load in relation to the percentage of body mass, applying the calculations described in our equations. The equation also provides the estimated value of the load mobilized during a push up on the floor (68% of the subject’s body mass) and the equation for the calculation of the mobilized load when the suspension device is fixed to the feet. Conclusions: It is possible to use equations to estimate the load mobilized in each repetition during training using suspension devices and to implement this algorithm in a mobile application.
Ignacio López-Moranchel; Luis M. Alegre; Patricia Maurelos-Castell; Vicent Picó Pérez; Ignacio Ara. Theoretical Aspects for Calculating the Mobilized Load during Suspension Training through a Mobile Application. Applied Sciences 2020, 11, 242 .
AMA StyleIgnacio López-Moranchel, Luis M. Alegre, Patricia Maurelos-Castell, Vicent Picó Pérez, Ignacio Ara. Theoretical Aspects for Calculating the Mobilized Load during Suspension Training through a Mobile Application. Applied Sciences. 2020; 11 (1):242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnacio López-Moranchel; Luis M. Alegre; Patricia Maurelos-Castell; Vicent Picó Pérez; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Theoretical Aspects for Calculating the Mobilized Load during Suspension Training through a Mobile Application." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1: 242.
The objectives were to clarify whether the relationship between physical performance and frailty was independently and jointly mediated by movement behaviors and body composition. We analyzed 871 older adults (476 women) from The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index (FI) were determined using bone densitometry. Sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. The Frailty Trait Scale and The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate frailty and physical performance, respectively. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were carried out to determine the role of movement behaviors and body composition, adjusted for potential confounders. ST and MVPA acted independently as mediators in the relationship between SPPB and frailty (0.06% for ST and 16.89% for MVPA). FI also acted as an independent mediator in the same relationship (36.47%), while the mediation role of SMI was not significant. MVPA and FI both acted jointly as mediators in this previous relationship explaining 58.15% of the model. Our data support the fact that interventions should simultaneously encourage the promotion of MVPA and strategies to decrease the FI in order to prevent or treat frailty through physical performance improvement.
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Luis M. Alegre; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 203 .
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Losa-Reyna, Luis M. Alegre, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Luis M. Alegre; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 203.
This study aimed i) to assess the assumptions made in the sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power test [body mass accelerated during the ascending phase (90% of total body mass), leg length (50% of total body height) and concentric phase (50% of total STS time)], ii) to compare force plate-derived (FPD) STS power values with those derived from the STS muscle power test; and iii) to analyze the relationships of both measurements with physical function. Fifty community-dwelling older adults (71.3 ± 4.4 years) participated in the present investigation. FPD STS power was calculated as the product of measured force (force platform) and velocity [difference between leg length (DXA scan) and chair height, divided by time (obtained from FPD data and video analysis)], and compared to estimated STS power using the STS muscle power test. Physical function was assessed by the timed-up-and-go (TUG) velocity, habitual gait speed (HGS) and maximal gait speed (MGS). Paired t-tests, Bland-Altman plots and regressions analyses were conducted. Body mass accelerated during the STS phase was 85.1 ± 3.8% (p < 0.05; compared to assumed 90%), leg length was 50.7 ± 1.3% of body height (p < 0.05; compared to 50%), and measured concentric time was 50.3 ± 4.6% of one STS repetition (p > 0.05; compared to assumed 50%). There were no significant differences between FPD and estimated STS power values (mean difference [95% CI] = 6.4 W [−68.5 to 81.6 W]; p = 0.251). Both FPD and estimated relative (i.e. normalized to body mass) STS power were significantly related to each other (r = 0.95 and ICC = 0.95; p < 0.05) and to MGS and TUG velocity after adjusting for age and sex (p < 0.05). Estimated STS power was not different from FPD STS power and both measures were strongly related to each other and to maximal physical performance.
Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; José Losa-Reyna; María Alonso-Seco; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults. Experimental Gerontology 2020, 145, 111213 .
AMA StyleIvan Baltasar-Fernandez, Julian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez, José Losa-Reyna, María Alonso-Seco, Ignacio Ara, Luis M. Alegre. Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults. Experimental Gerontology. 2020; 145 ():111213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Baltasar-Fernandez; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; José Losa-Reyna; María Alonso-Seco; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. 2020. "Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults." Experimental Gerontology 145, no. : 111213.
Rodriguez-Lopez, C, Alcazar, J, Sánchez-Martín, C, Ara, I, Csapo, R, and Alegre, LM. Mechanical characteristics in heavy vs. light load ballistic resistance training in older adults. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2020—Although power-oriented resistance training (RT) is strongly recommended to counter age-related neuromuscular function declines, there is still controversy about which intensities of load should be used to elicit optimal training adaptations. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of power-oriented RT performed at different intensities might help to better understand the training stimulus that triggers load-dependent adaptations in older adults. Using a cross-over design, 15 well-functioning older volunteers (9 men and 6 women; 73.6 ± 3.8 years) completed 2 volume × load-matched ballistic RT sessions with heavy (HL: 6 × 6 × 80% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) and light-load (LL: 6 × 12 × 40% 1RM) on a horizontal leg press exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanical variables (work, force, velocity, and power) as well as intraset neuromuscular fatigue (i.e., relative losses in force, velocity, and power) were analyzed. More concentric mechanical work was performed in the LL training session, compared with HL (36.2 ± 11.2%; p < 0.001). Despite the higher mean EMG activity of the quadriceps femoris muscle (13.2 ± 21.1%; p = 0.038) and greater concentric force (35.2 ± 7.6%; p < 0.001) during HL, higher concentric velocity (41.0 ± 12.7%, p < 0.001) and a trend toward higher concentric power (7.2 ± 18.9%, p = 0.075) were found for LL. Relative velocity losses were similar in both sessions (≈10%); however, relative force losses were only found in LL (7.4 ± 6.5%, p = 0.003). Considering the greater mechanical work performed and concentric power generated, ballistic RT using LL may, therefore, represent a stronger stimulus driving training adaptations as compared with volume × load-matched heavy-load training. Relative losses in force and power should be monitored in addition to velocity losses during ballistic RT.
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Coral Sánchez-Martín; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. Mechanical Characteristics of Heavy vs. Light Load Ballistic Resistance Training in Older Adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2020, Publish Ah, 1 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez, Julian Alcazar, Coral Sánchez-Martín, Ignacio Ara, Robert Csapo, Luis M. Alegre. Mechanical Characteristics of Heavy vs. Light Load Ballistic Resistance Training in Older Adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2020; Publish Ah ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Coral Sánchez-Martín; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. 2020. "Mechanical Characteristics of Heavy vs. Light Load Ballistic Resistance Training in Older Adults." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Publish Ah, no. : 1.
Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of four velocity‐based training (VBT) programs in bench‐press (BP) between a wide range of velocity loss (VL) thresholds – 0% (VL0), 15% (VL15), 25% (VL25) and 50% (VL50) – on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations and muscle hypertrophy. Methods Sixty‐four resistance‐trained young men were randomly assigned into four groups (VL0, VL15, VL25, and VL50) that differed in the VL allowed in each set. Subjects followed a VBT program for 8‐weeks using the BP exercise. Before and after the VBT program the following tests were performed: 1) cross‐sectional area (CSA) measurements of pectoralis major (PM) muscle; 2) maximal isometric test; 3) progressive loading test; and 4) fatigue test. Results Significant group x time interactions were observed for CSA (P<0.01) and peak root mean square in PM (peak RMS‐PM, P<0.05). VL50 showed significantly greater gains in CSA than VL0 (P<0.05). Only the VL15 group showed significant increases in peak RMS‐PM (P<0.01). Moreover, only VL0 showed significant gains in the early rate of force development (RFD, P=0.05), while VL25 and VL50 improved in the late RFD (P≤0.01–0.05). No significant group × time interactions were found for any of the dynamic strength variables analyzed, although all groups showed significant improvements in all these parameters. Conclusion Higher VL thresholds allowed for a greater volume load which maximized muscle hypertrophy, whereas lower VL thresholds evoked positive neuromuscular‐related adaptations. No significant differences were found between groups for strength gains, despite the wide differences in the total volume accumulated by each group.
Fernando Pareja‐Blanco; Julian Alcazar; Pedro J Cornejo‐Daza; Juan Sánchez‐Valdepeñas; Carlos Rodriguez‐Lopez; Javier Hidalgo‐De Mora; Miguel Sánchez‐Moreno; Beatriz Bachero‐Mena; Luis M. Alegre; Manuel Ortega‐Becerra. Effects of velocity loss in the bench press exercise on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2020, 30, 2154 -2166.
AMA StyleFernando Pareja‐Blanco, Julian Alcazar, Pedro J Cornejo‐Daza, Juan Sánchez‐Valdepeñas, Carlos Rodriguez‐Lopez, Javier Hidalgo‐De Mora, Miguel Sánchez‐Moreno, Beatriz Bachero‐Mena, Luis M. Alegre, Manuel Ortega‐Becerra. Effects of velocity loss in the bench press exercise on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2020; 30 (11):2154-2166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Pareja‐Blanco; Julian Alcazar; Pedro J Cornejo‐Daza; Juan Sánchez‐Valdepeñas; Carlos Rodriguez‐Lopez; Javier Hidalgo‐De Mora; Miguel Sánchez‐Moreno; Beatriz Bachero‐Mena; Luis M. Alegre; Manuel Ortega‐Becerra. 2020. "Effects of velocity loss in the bench press exercise on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 30, no. 11: 2154-2166.
McArdle disease (glycogenosis-V) is associated with exercise intolerance, however, how it affects an important marker of cardiometabolic health as it is adiposity remains unknown. We evaluated the association between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in patients with McArdle disease. We assessed 199 adults of both sexes (51 McArdle patients (36 ± 11 years) and 148 healthy controls (35 ± 10 years)). Body fat (BF) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method and each patient’s PA was assessed with the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ). Although body mass index values did not differ between patients and controls, McArdle patients had significantly higher values of BF in all body regions (p < 0.05) and higher risk of suffering obesity (odds ratio (OR): 2.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.32–4.88). Male patients had higher BF and obesity risk (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.46−9.34) than their sex-matched controls, but no differences were found within the female sex (p < 0.05). In turn, active female patients had lower trunk BF than their inactive peers (p < 0.05). Males with McArdle seem to have adiposity problems and a higher risk of developing obesity than people without the condition, while female patients show similar or even better levels in the trunk region with an active lifestyle. Therefore, special attention should be given to decrease adiposity and reduce obesity risk in males with McArdle disease.
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Alfredo Santalla; Jorge Diez-Bermejo; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Luis M. Alegre; Gisela Nogales-Gadea; Joaquín Arenas; Miguel A. Martín; Alejandro Lucia; Ignacio Ara. Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez, Alfredo Santalla, Jorge Diez-Bermejo, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo, Luis M. Alegre, Gisela Nogales-Gadea, Joaquín Arenas, Miguel A. Martín, Alejandro Lucia, Ignacio Ara. Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez; Alfredo Santalla; Jorge Diez-Bermejo; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Luis M. Alegre; Gisela Nogales-Gadea; Joaquín Arenas; Miguel A. Martín; Alejandro Lucia; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 1.
This study assessed the validity of linear, hyperbolic and double-hyperbolic models to fit measured force-velocity (F-V) data in multi-joint exercises and the influence of muscle excitation on the F-V relationship. The force-joint angle and F-V relationships were assessed in 10 cross-training athletes and 14 recreationally resistance-trained subjects in the unilateral leg press (LP) and bilateral bench press (BP) exercises, respectively. A force plate and a linear encoder were installed to register external force and velocity, respectively. Muscle excitation was assessed by surface EMG recording of the quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus muscles during the unilateral LP. Linear, Hill’s (hyperbolic) and Edman’s (double-hyperbolic) equations were fitted to the measured F-V data and compared. Measured F-V data were best fitted by double-hyperbolic models in both exercises (p<0.05). F-V data deviated from the rectangular hyperbola above a breakpoint located at 90% of measured isometric force (F0) and from the linearity at ≤45% of F0 (both p<0.05). Hyperbolic equations overestimated F0 values by 13±11% and 6±6% in the LP and BP, respectively (p0.05). Large associations between variables obtained from linear and double-hyperbolic models were noted for F0, maximum muscle power, and velocity between 25-100% of F0 (r=0.70-0.99; all p<0.05). The F-V relationship in multi-joint exercises was double-hyperbolic, which was unrelated with lower muscle excitation levels. However, linear models may be valid to assess F0, maximal muscle power and velocity between 25-100% of F0.
Julian Alcazar; Fernando Pareja-Blanco; Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Pedro J. Cornejo-Daza; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. Comparison of linear, hyperbolic and double-hyperbolic models to assess the force–velocity relationship in multi-joint exercises. European Journal of Sport Science 2020, 21, 359 -369.
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Fernando Pareja-Blanco, Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez, Roberto Navarro-Cruz, Pedro J. Cornejo-Daza, Ignacio Ara, Luis M. Alegre. Comparison of linear, hyperbolic and double-hyperbolic models to assess the force–velocity relationship in multi-joint exercises. European Journal of Sport Science. 2020; 21 (3):359-369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Fernando Pareja-Blanco; Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Pedro J. Cornejo-Daza; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. 2020. "Comparison of linear, hyperbolic and double-hyperbolic models to assess the force–velocity relationship in multi-joint exercises." European Journal of Sport Science 21, no. 3: 359-369.
Although the studies of barefoot running have intensified, it is still missing longitudinal work analyzing the effects of barefoot running on the phases of plantar support. The objective of this research was to analyze the modifications undergone by the Total Foot Contact (TFC) phase and its Flat Foot Phase (FFP) in subjects beginning the practice of barefoot running, in its acute and chronic effects. A total of 28 subjects were divided into the Barefoot Group (BFGr) (n = 16) and the Shod Group (SHGr) (n = 12), evaluated before (Baseline) and after running for 20 min at 3.05 m·s-1 (Post 20 min Running), and at the end of a running training protocol with an 8-week long progressive volume (Post-8-week Training). The dynamic plantar support was measured with a baropodoscope. The duration of TFC (ms), the moment at which the FFP occurred, the maximum surface of TFC (MSTFC) (cm2), the FFP surface (SFFP) (cm2), the peak pressure of TFC (PP°TFC) (kg·cm-2), and the peak pressure of FFP (PP°FFP) (kg·cm-2) were recorded. The 3 × 2 ANOVA analysis was made to determine the effects and interactions that the condition produced (Shod/Barefoot), and the time factor (Baseline/Post 20 min Running/Post-8-week Training). The condition factor caused more significant effects than the time factor in all the variables. Duration of TFC in BFGr showed significant differences between the Baseline and Post-8-week Training (p = 0.000) and between Post-20-min Running and Post-8-week Training (p = 0.000), with an increasing trend. In the moment at which the FFP occurred a significant increase (p = 0.029) increase was found in Post-20 min Running (48.5%) compared to the Baseline (42.9%). In MSTFC, BFGr showed in Post-8-week Training values significantly higher than the Baseline (p = 0.000) and than Post-20-min Running (p = 0.000). SHGr presented a significant difference between the Baseline and Post-8-week Training (p = 0.040). SFFP in BFGr modified its values with an increasing trend (p = 0.000). PP°TFC in BFGr showed a significant decrease (p = 0.003) in Post-8-week Training (1.9 kg·cm-2) compared to the Baseline (2.4 kg·cm-2). In PP°FFP significant decreases were recorded in BFGr and between Post-8-week Training and Baseline (p = 0.000), and Post-8-week Training and Post 20 min Running (p = 0.035). The adaptation took place after the 8-week training. The adaptations to running barefoot were characterized by causing an increase of the foot's plantar support in TFC and in FFP, as well as a decrease of the plantar pressure peak in both phases. Also, there is an increased duration of the TFC and FFP, which may be related to an acquired strategy to attenuate the impacts of the ground's reaction forces.
Celso Sánchez-Ramírez; Luis M. Alegre. Plantar support adaptations in healthy subjects after eight weeks of barefoot running training. PeerJ 2020, 8, e8862 .
AMA StyleCelso Sánchez-Ramírez, Luis M. Alegre. Plantar support adaptations in healthy subjects after eight weeks of barefoot running training. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e8862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCelso Sánchez-Ramírez; Luis M. Alegre. 2020. "Plantar support adaptations in healthy subjects after eight weeks of barefoot running training." PeerJ 8, no. : e8862.
Frailty is associated with poor bone health and osteoporosis, and physical activity (PA) is one of the best treatments for both pathologies in older adults. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, how the time is distributed during the waking hours is critical. The waking hours are spent according to different movement behaviors: sedentary behaviors (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The aim of this study was to use compositional data analyses to examine the effects of the change in movement behaviors on bone health during aging in older people, related to the changes in their frailty levels. We analyzed 227 older people aged 65 to 94 [125 women and 102 men] over a 4‐year period. Movement behaviors were assessed using accelerometry. Both bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined using bone densitometry. The Frailty Trait Scale was used to divide the sample by frailty level evolution during aging. The statistical system‐R was used for the compositional data analysis and, in addition, all models were adjusted for several covariates. The changes in the distribution of all movement behaviors within a waking hours period were significantly associated with spine and femoral neck BMD changes in the subgroup with a positive change in frailty level and spine BMC in the subgroup with no change in frailty level (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, MVPA relative to the change in other movement behaviors was also associated in both subgroups with higher BMD and BMC, respectively, in the same body areas (p ≤ 0.05). No significant associations were found in the negative change in frailty level subgroup. Older people who achieved a positive change in frailty level during a 4‐year period showed higher BMD changes compared to those with no changes or increases in their frailty level. Therefore, increasing MVPA relative to the change in the other movement behaviors during a 4 year‐period could perhaps produce bone health improvements in elderly that do not worsen their frailty level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa‐Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas PhD; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García‐García PhD; Ignacio Ara. Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2020, 35, 1236 -1245.
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Losa‐Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas PhD, Sebastien F.M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García‐García PhD, Ignacio Ara. Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2020; 35 (7):1236-1245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa‐Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas PhD; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García‐García PhD; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 35, no. 7: 1236-1245.
Background Our main goal was to evaluate the pattern and time course of changes in relative muscle power and its constituting components throughout the life span. Methods A total of 1,305 subjects (729 women and 576 men; aged 20–93 years) participating in the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study took part. Body mass index (BMI), leg lean mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and leg extension muscle power (LEP) assessed by the Nottingham power rig were recorded. Relative muscle power (normalized to body mass) and specific muscle power (normalized to leg lean mass) were calculated. Segmented regression analyses were used to identify the onset and pattern of age-related changes in the recorded variables. Results Relative muscle power began to decline above the age of 40 in both women and men, with women showing an attenuation of the decline above 75 years. Relative muscle power decreased with age due to (i) the loss of absolute LEP after the fourth decade of life and (ii) the increase in BMI up to the age of 75 years in women and 65 years in men. The decline in absolute LEP was caused by a decline in specific LEP up to the age of 75 in women and 65 in men, above which the loss in relative leg lean mass also contributed. Conclusions Relative power decreased (i) above 40 years by the loss in absolute power (specific power only) and the increase in body mass, and (ii) above ~70 years by the loss in absolute power (both specific power and leg lean mass).
Julian Alcazar; Per Aagaard; Bryan Haddock; Rikke S Kamper; Sofie K Hansen; Eva Prescott; Luis M Alegre; Ulrik Frandsen; Charlotte Suetta. Age- and Sex-Specific Changes in Lower-Limb Muscle Power Throughout the Lifespan. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2020, 75, 1369 -1378.
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Per Aagaard, Bryan Haddock, Rikke S Kamper, Sofie K Hansen, Eva Prescott, Luis M Alegre, Ulrik Frandsen, Charlotte Suetta. Age- and Sex-Specific Changes in Lower-Limb Muscle Power Throughout the Lifespan. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2020; 75 (7):1369-1378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Per Aagaard; Bryan Haddock; Rikke S Kamper; Sofie K Hansen; Eva Prescott; Luis M Alegre; Ulrik Frandsen; Charlotte Suetta. 2020. "Age- and Sex-Specific Changes in Lower-Limb Muscle Power Throughout the Lifespan." The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 75, no. 7: 1369-1378.
Introduction and Purpose To examine the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle power output (MPO) on bone mass of prepubertal and pubertal children using lean mass (LM) and percentage of fat mass (%FM) as mediator variables. The hypothesis was that both LM and %FM would be independent mediators of the relationships during the sexual maturation period. Methods We analyzed 200 children (88 boys and 112 girls [11.5 ± 2.0 yr]). Body composition was analyzed by bone densitometry, and indirect calorimetry and cycle ergometer were used to calculate V˙O2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1) and MPO (W) during an incremental exercise test. Sample was divided by pubertal status. Results In the prepubertal group, LM and %FM acted independently as mediators in the relationship between bone mass and CRF or MPO (22%–25% for LM and 37%–50% for %FM, respectively). In pubertal children, LM acted as mediator at 37%. Conclusions Although the independent mediator role of LM and %FM in the associations between CRF or MPO and bone mass was present during the prepubertal stage, only LM remain its mediator role in these associations during the postpubertal period. Therefore, with growth and sexual maturation, the full effect of LM seems to increase, whereas the influence of %FM seems to disappear.
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; María Martín-García; Beatriz García-Cuartero; Amparo González-Vergaz; Atilano Carcavilla; Ángel Aragonés; Luis M. Alegre; Ignacio Ara. Body Composition as a Mediator between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bone Mass during Growth. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2020, 52, 498 -506.
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez, María Martín-García, Beatriz García-Cuartero, Amparo González-Vergaz, Atilano Carcavilla, Ángel Aragonés, Luis M. Alegre, Ignacio Ara. Body Composition as a Mediator between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bone Mass during Growth. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2020; 52 (2):498-506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez; María Martín-García; Beatriz García-Cuartero; Amparo González-Vergaz; Atilano Carcavilla; Ángel Aragonés; Luis M. Alegre; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Body Composition as a Mediator between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bone Mass during Growth." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 2: 498-506.
Celso Sánchez-Ramírez; Luis M. Alegre. Modificaciones Morfológicas del Pie Luego de Ocho Semanas de Entrenamiento de Carrera a Pie Descalzo. International Journal of Morphology 2019, 37, 1111 -1117.
AMA StyleCelso Sánchez-Ramírez, Luis M. Alegre. Modificaciones Morfológicas del Pie Luego de Ocho Semanas de Entrenamiento de Carrera a Pie Descalzo. International Journal of Morphology. 2019; 37 (3):1111-1117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCelso Sánchez-Ramírez; Luis M. Alegre. 2019. "Modificaciones Morfológicas del Pie Luego de Ocho Semanas de Entrenamiento de Carrera a Pie Descalzo." International Journal of Morphology 37, no. 3: 1111-1117.
The shape of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship has important implications for different aspects of muscle physiology, such as muscle efficiency and fatigue, the understanding of the pathophysiology of several myopathies or the mechanisms of muscle contraction per se, and may be of relevance for other fields, such as the development of robotics and prosthetic applications featuring natural muscle-like properties. However, different opinions regarding the shape of the F-V relationship and the underlying mechanisms exist in the literature. In this review, we summarize relevant evidence on the shape of the F-V relationship obtained over the last century. Studies performed at multiple scales ranging from the sarcomere to the organism level have described the concentric F-V relationship as linear, hyperbolic or double-hyperbolic. While the F-V relationship has most frequently been described as a rectangular hyperbola, a large number of studies have found deviations from the hyperbolic function at both ends of the F-V relation. Indeed, current evidence suggests that the F-V relation in skeletal muscles follows a double-hyperbolic pattern, with a breakpoint located at very high forces/low velocities, which may be a direct consequence of the kinetic properties of myofilament cross-bridge formation. Deviations at low forces/high velocities, by contrast, may be related to a recently discovered, calcium-independent regulatory mechanism of muscle contraction, which may also explain the low metabolic cost of very fast muscle shortening contractions. Controversial results have also been reported regarding the eccentric F-V relationship, with studies in prepared muscle specimens suggesting that maximum eccentric force is substantially greater than isometric force, whereas in vivo studies in humans show only a modest increase, no change, or even a decrease in force in lengthening contractions. This review discusses possible reasons reported in the literature for these discrepant findings, including the testing procedures (familiarization, pre-load condition, and temperature) and a potential neural inhibition at higher lengthening velocities. Finally, some unresolved questions and recommendations for F-V testing in humans are reported at the end of this document.
Julian Alcazar; Robert Csapo; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. On the Shape of the Force-Velocity Relationship in Skeletal Muscles: The Linear, the Hyperbolic, and the Double-Hyperbolic. Frontiers in Physiology 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Robert Csapo, Ignacio Ara, Luis M. Alegre. On the Shape of the Force-Velocity Relationship in Skeletal Muscles: The Linear, the Hyperbolic, and the Double-Hyperbolic. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019; 10 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Robert Csapo; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. 2019. "On the Shape of the Force-Velocity Relationship in Skeletal Muscles: The Linear, the Hyperbolic, and the Double-Hyperbolic." Frontiers in Physiology 10, no. : 1.
Oxidative stress is associated with disease severity and limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. Our main goal was to assess the effects of exercise training on systemic oxidative stress and limb muscle dysfunction in older people with COPD. Twenty‐nine outpatients with COPD (66‐90 years) were randomly assigned to a 12‐week exercise training (ET; high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) plus power training) or a control (CT; usual care) group. We evaluated: mid‐thigh muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA; computed tomography); vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length (ultrasonography); peak VO2 uptake (VO2peak) and work‐rate (Wpeak) (incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test); rate of force development (RFD); maximal muscle power (Pmax; force‐velocity testing); systemic oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonylation); and physical performance and quality of life. ET subjects experienced changes in mid‐thigh muscle CSA (+4%), VL muscle thickness (+11%) and pennation angle (+19%), VO2peak (+14%), Wpeak (+37%), RFD (+32‐65%), Pmax (+38‐51%), sit‐to‐stand time (–24%) and self‐reported health status (+20%) (all p0.05). Protein carbonylation decreased among ET subjects (–27%; p0.05). Changes in protein carbonylation were associated with changes in muscle size and pennation angle (r= –0.44 to –0.57), exercise capacity (r= –0.46), muscle strength (r= –0.45) and sit‐to‐stand performance (r= 0.60) (all p<0.05). The combination of HIIT and power training improved systemic oxidative stress and limb muscle dysfunction in older people with COPD. Changes in oxidative stress were associated with exercise‐induced structural and functional adaptations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Roberto Navarro‐Cruz; Ana Alfaro‐Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García‐García; Luis M. Alegre; Amelia Guadalupe‐Grau. Effects of concurrent exercise training on muscle dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress in older people with COPD. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2019, 29, 1591 -1603.
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Jose Losa-Reyna, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Roberto Navarro‐Cruz, Ana Alfaro‐Acha, Ignacio Ara, Francisco J. García‐García, Luis M. Alegre, Amelia Guadalupe‐Grau. Effects of concurrent exercise training on muscle dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress in older people with COPD. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2019; 29 (10):1591-1603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Roberto Navarro‐Cruz; Ana Alfaro‐Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García‐García; Luis M. Alegre; Amelia Guadalupe‐Grau. 2019. "Effects of concurrent exercise training on muscle dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress in older people with COPD." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 29, no. 10: 1591-1603.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) on different portions of the force–velocity (F–V) relationship in older adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to assess its association with physical function. The participants were 26 older adults with COPD (79 ± 7 years old; FEV1 = 53 ± 36% of predicted) and 10 physically active non-COPD (77 ± 4 years old) older adults. The F–V relationship was evaluated in the leg press exercise during a purely concentric muscle action and compared with that following an eccentric muscle action at 10% intervals of maximal unloaded shortening velocity (V0). Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness, pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL) were assessed by ultrasound. Habitual gait speed was measured over a 4-m distance. COPD subjects exhibited lower physical function and concentric maximal muscle power (Pmax) values compared with the non-COPD group (both p < 0.05). The SSC increased force and power values among COPD participants at 0–100 and 1–100% of V0, respectively, while the same was observed among non-COPD participants only at 40–90 and 30–90% of V0, respectively (all p < 0.05). The SSC induced greater improvements in force, but not power, among COPD compared with non-COPD subjects between 50 and 70% of V0 (all p < 0.05). Thus, between-group differences in muscle power were not statistically significant after the inclusion of the SSC (p > 0.05). The SSC-induced potentiation at 50–100% of V0 was negatively associated with physical function (r = -0.40–0.50), while that observed at 80–100% of V0 was negatively associated with VL muscle thickness and PA (r = -0.43–0.52) (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, older adults with COPD showed a higher SSC-induced potentiation compared with non-COPD subjects, which eliminated between-group differences in muscle power when performing SSC muscle actions. The SSC-induced potentiation was associated with lower physical function, VL muscle thickness, and VL PA values. The SSC-induced potentiation may help as a compensatory mechanism in those older subjects with a decreased ability to produce force/power during purely concentric muscle actions.
Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García-García; Luis M. Alegre. The Effect of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle in the Force–Velocity Relationship and Its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults With COPD. Frontiers in Physiology 2019, 10, 316 .
AMA StyleRoberto Navarro-Cruz, Julian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Jose Losa-Reyna, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Ignacio Ara, Francisco J. García-García, Luis M. Alegre. The Effect of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle in the Force–Velocity Relationship and Its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults With COPD. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019; 10 ():316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Navarro-Cruz; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García-García; Luis M. Alegre. 2019. "The Effect of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle in the Force–Velocity Relationship and Its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults With COPD." Frontiers in Physiology 10, no. : 316.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bone mass (BM) and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) according to frailty status and sex using compositional data analysis. We analyzed 871 older people with an adequate nutritional status. Fried criteria were used to classify by frailty status. Time spent in SB, light intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was assessed from accelerometry for 7 days. BM was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The combined effect of PA and SB was significantly associated with BM in robust men and women (p ≤ 0.05). In relation to the other behaviors, SB was negatively associated with BM in robust men while BM was positively associated with SB and negatively with LPA and MVPA in robust women. Moreover, LPA also was positively associated with arm BM (p ≤ 0.01). Finally, in pre-frail women, BM was positively associated with MVPA. In our sample, to decrease SB could be a good strategy to improve BM in robust men. In contrast, in pre-frail women, MVPA may be an important factor to consider regarding bone health.
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status. Nutrients 2019, 11, 582 .
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Sebastien F.M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (3):582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status." Nutrients 11, no. 3: 582.