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This study investigated the acute responses to volume-load-matched heavy-load (80% 1RM) versus light-load (40% 1RM) power-oriented resistance training sessions in well-functioning older adults. Using a randomized cross-over design, 15 volunteers completed each condition on a leg press. Neuromuscular (maximal isometric force and rate of force development) and functional performance (power during sit-to-stand test), lactate, and muscle damage biochemistry (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein serum concentration) were assessed pre- and post-exercise. Performance declines were found after heavy-load (Cohen’s d effect size (d); maximal isometric force=0.95 d; rate of force development=1.17 d; sit-to-stand power =0.38 d, all p<0.05) and light-load (maximal isometric force=0.45 d; rate of force development=0.9 d; sit-to-stand power=1.17 d, all p0.05). Both conditions increased creatine kinase the day after exercise (marginal effect=0.75 d, p0.05). Irrespective of the load used, power training induced non-clinically significant decreases in sit-to-stand performance, moderate declines in maximal isometric force, but pronounced decreases in the rate of force development. Furthermore, the metabolic stress and muscle damage were minor; both sessions were generally well tolerated by well-functioning older adults without previous experience in resistance training.
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Juanmanuel Carmona-Torres; Aurora Maria Cruz-Santaella; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. Acute Physiological Response to Light- and Heavy-load Power-oriented Exercise in Older Adults. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez, Julian Alcazar, Jose Losa-Reyna, Juanmanuel Carmona-Torres, Aurora Maria Cruz-Santaella, Ignacio Ara, Robert Csapo, Luis M. Alegre. Acute Physiological Response to Light- and Heavy-load Power-oriented Exercise in Older Adults. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Juanmanuel Carmona-Torres; Aurora Maria Cruz-Santaella; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M. Alegre. 2021. "Acute Physiological Response to Light- and Heavy-load Power-oriented Exercise in Older Adults." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie , no. : 1.
The objectives were to clarify whether the relationship between physical performance and frailty was independently and jointly mediated by movement behaviors and body composition. We analyzed 871 older adults (476 women) from The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index (FI) were determined using bone densitometry. Sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. The Frailty Trait Scale and The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate frailty and physical performance, respectively. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were carried out to determine the role of movement behaviors and body composition, adjusted for potential confounders. ST and MVPA acted independently as mediators in the relationship between SPPB and frailty (0.06% for ST and 16.89% for MVPA). FI also acted as an independent mediator in the same relationship (36.47%), while the mediation role of SMI was not significant. MVPA and FI both acted jointly as mediators in this previous relationship explaining 58.15% of the model. Our data support the fact that interventions should simultaneously encourage the promotion of MVPA and strategies to decrease the FI in order to prevent or treat frailty through physical performance improvement.
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Luis M. Alegre; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 203 .
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Losa-Reyna, Luis M. Alegre, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Luis M. Alegre; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 203.
This study aimed i) to assess the assumptions made in the sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power test [body mass accelerated during the ascending phase (90% of total body mass), leg length (50% of total body height) and concentric phase (50% of total STS time)], ii) to compare force plate-derived (FPD) STS power values with those derived from the STS muscle power test; and iii) to analyze the relationships of both measurements with physical function. Fifty community-dwelling older adults (71.3 ± 4.4 years) participated in the present investigation. FPD STS power was calculated as the product of measured force (force platform) and velocity [difference between leg length (DXA scan) and chair height, divided by time (obtained from FPD data and video analysis)], and compared to estimated STS power using the STS muscle power test. Physical function was assessed by the timed-up-and-go (TUG) velocity, habitual gait speed (HGS) and maximal gait speed (MGS). Paired t-tests, Bland-Altman plots and regressions analyses were conducted. Body mass accelerated during the STS phase was 85.1 ± 3.8% (p < 0.05; compared to assumed 90%), leg length was 50.7 ± 1.3% of body height (p < 0.05; compared to 50%), and measured concentric time was 50.3 ± 4.6% of one STS repetition (p > 0.05; compared to assumed 50%). There were no significant differences between FPD and estimated STS power values (mean difference [95% CI] = 6.4 W [−68.5 to 81.6 W]; p = 0.251). Both FPD and estimated relative (i.e. normalized to body mass) STS power were significantly related to each other (r = 0.95 and ICC = 0.95; p < 0.05) and to MGS and TUG velocity after adjusting for age and sex (p < 0.05). Estimated STS power was not different from FPD STS power and both measures were strongly related to each other and to maximal physical performance.
Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; José Losa-Reyna; María Alonso-Seco; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults. Experimental Gerontology 2020, 145, 111213 .
AMA StyleIvan Baltasar-Fernandez, Julian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez, José Losa-Reyna, María Alonso-Seco, Ignacio Ara, Luis M. Alegre. Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults. Experimental Gerontology. 2020; 145 ():111213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Baltasar-Fernandez; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; José Losa-Reyna; María Alonso-Seco; Ignacio Ara; Luis M. Alegre. 2020. "Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults." Experimental Gerontology 145, no. : 111213.
There has been limited longitudinal assessment of the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with frailty, and no studies have explored the possibility of reverse causality. This study aimed to determine the potential bidirectionality of the relationship between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, SB, and frailty over time in older adults. Participants were from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. We analysed 186 older people aged 67 to 90 (76.7 ± 3.9; 52.7% female participants) over a 4-year period. Time spent in SB and MVPA was assessed by accelerometry. Frailty Trait Scale was used to determine frailty levels. A cross-lagged panel model design was used to test the reciprocal relationships between MVPA/SB and frailty. Frailty Trait Scale score changed from 35.4 to 43.8 points between the two times (P < 0.05). We also found a reduction of 7 min/day in the time spent on MVPA (P < 0.05), and participants tended to spend more time on SB (P = 0.076). Our analyses revealed that lower levels of initial MVPA predicted higher levels of later frailty [std. β = -0.126; confidence interval (CI) = -0.231, -0.021; P < 0.05], whereas initial spent time on SB did not predict later frailty (std. β = -0.049; CI = -0.185, 0.087; P = 0.48). Conversely, an initial increased frailty status predicted higher levels of later SB (std. β = 0.167; CI = 0.026, 0.307; P < 0.05) but not those of MVPA (std. β = 0.071; CI = -0.033, 0.175; P = 0.18). Our observations suggest that the relationship between MVPA/SB and frailty is unidirectional: individuals who spent less time on MVPA at baseline are more likely to increase their frailty score, and individuals who are more frail are more likely to spent more time on SB at follow-up. Interventions and policies should aim to increase MVPA levels from earlier stages to promote successful aging.
Asier Mañas; Borja Pozo‐Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas; Francisco J. García‐García; Ignacio Ara. Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross‐lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2020, 11, 415 -423.
AMA StyleAsier Mañas, Borja Pozo‐Cruz, Irene Rodríguez Gómez, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas, Francisco J. García‐García, Ignacio Ara. Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross‐lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2020; 11 (2):415-423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsier Mañas; Borja Pozo‐Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas; Francisco J. García‐García; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross‐lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging." Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 11, no. 2: 415-423.
Objectives To develop short versions of the Frailty Trait Scale (FTS) for use in clinical settings. Design Prospective population-based cohort study. Setting and Participants Data from 1634 participants from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Methods The 12-item Frailty Trait Scale (FTS) reduction was performed based on an area under the curve (AUC) analysis adjusted by age, sex, and comorbidity. Items that maximized prognostic information for adverse events were selected. Each item score was done at the same time as the reduction, identifying the score that maximized the predictive ability for adverse events. For each short version of the FTS, cutoffs that optimized the prognostic information (sensitivity and specificity) were chosen, and their predictive value was later compared with a surrogate gold standard for frailty (the Fried Phenotype). Results Two short forms, the 5-item (FTS5) (range 0-50) and 3-item (FTS3) (range 0-30), were identified, both with AUCs for health adverse events similar to the 12-item FTS. The identified cutoffs were >25 for the FTS5 scale and >15 for the FTS3. The frailty prevalence with these cutoffs was 24% and 20% for the FTS5 and FTS3, respectively, whereas frailty according to Fried Phenotype (FP) reached 8% and prefrailty reached 41%. In general, the FTS5 showed better prognostic performance than the FP, especially with prefrail individuals, in whom the FTS5 form identified 65% of participants with an almost basal risk and 35% with a very high risk for mortality (OR: 4) and frailty (OR: 6.6-8.7), a high risk for hospitalization (OR: 1.9-2.1), and a moderate risk for disability (OR: 1.7) who could be considered frail. The FTS3 form had worse performance than the FTS5, showing 31% of false negatives between frail participants identified by FP with a high risk of adverse events. Conclusions and Implications The FTS5 is a short scale that is easy to administer and has a similar performance to the FTS, and it can be used in clinical settings for frailty diagnosis and evolution.
Francisco Jose García-García; Jose Antonio Carnicero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Carmen Castillo-Gallego; Cristina Rosado-Artalejo; Gonzalo Gutiérrrez-Ávila; Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas. Frailty Trait Scale–Short Form: A Frailty Instrument for Clinical Practice. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2020, 21, 1260 -1266.e2.
AMA StyleFrancisco Jose García-García, Jose Antonio Carnicero, Jose Losa-Reyna, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Carmen Castillo-Gallego, Cristina Rosado-Artalejo, Gonzalo Gutiérrrez-Ávila, Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas. Frailty Trait Scale–Short Form: A Frailty Instrument for Clinical Practice. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020; 21 (9):1260-1266.e2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Jose García-García; Jose Antonio Carnicero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Carmen Castillo-Gallego; Cristina Rosado-Artalejo; Gonzalo Gutiérrrez-Ávila; Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas. 2020. "Frailty Trait Scale–Short Form: A Frailty Instrument for Clinical Practice." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 21, no. 9: 1260-1266.e2.
Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been suggested to independently affect a number of health outcomes. To what extent different combinations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour may influence physical function and frailty outcomes in older adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the combination of mutually exclusive categories of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time on physical function and frailty in older adults. Methods 771 older adults (54% women; 76.8 ± 4.9 years) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. Physically active was defined as meeting current aerobic guidelines for older adults proposed by the World Health Organization. Low sedentary was defined as residing in the lowest quartile of the light physical activity-to-sedentary time ratio. Participants were then classified into one of four mutually exclusive movement patterns: (1) ‘physically active & low sedentary’, (2) ‘physically active & high sedentary’, (3) ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’, and (4) ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure physical function and frailty was assessed using the Frailty Trait Scale. Results ‘Physically active & low sedentary’ and ‘physically active & high sedentary’ individuals had significantly higher levels of physical function (β = 1.73 and β = 1.30 respectively; all p < 0.001) and lower frailty (β = − 13.96 and β = − 8.71 respectively; all p < 0.001) compared to ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’ participants. Likewise, ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’ group had significantly lower frailty (β = − 2.50; p = 0.05), but significance was not reached for physical function. Conclusions We found a dose-response association of the different movement patterns analysed in this study with physical function and frailty. Meeting the physical activity guidelines was associated with the most beneficial physical function and frailty profiles in our sample. Among inactive people, more light intensity relative to sedentary time was associated with better frailty status. These results point out to the possibility of stepwise interventions (i.e. targeting less strenuous activities) to promote successful aging, particularly in inactive older adults.
Asier Mañas; Borja Del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Javier Leal Martín; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers. BMC Geriatrics 2019, 19, 270 -9.
AMA StyleAsier Mañas, Borja Del Pozo-Cruz, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Javier Leal Martín, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers. BMC Geriatrics. 2019; 19 (1):270-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsier Mañas; Borja Del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Javier Leal Martín; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers." BMC Geriatrics 19, no. 1: 270-9.
Background No consensus exists on how to average data to optimise V̇O2max assessment. Although the V̇O2max value is reduced with larger averaging blocks, no mathematical procedure is available to account for the effect of the length of the averaging block on V̇O2max.. Aims To determine the effect that the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block has on the V̇O2max value and its reproducibility and to develop correction equations to standardise V̇O2max values obtained with different averaging strategies. Methods Eighty‐four subjects performed duplicate incremental tests to exhaustion (IE) in the cycle ergometer and/or treadmill using two metabolic carts (Vyntus and Vmax N29). Rolling breath‐averages and fixed time‐averages were calculated from breath‐by‐breath data from 6 to 60 breaths or seconds. Results V̇O2max decayed from 6 to 60‐breaths averages by 10% in low fit (V̇O2max0.97). There was a linear‐log relationship between the number of breaths or seconds in the averaging block and V̇O2max (R2>0.99, P<0.001), and specific equations were developed to standardise V̇O2max values to a fixed number of breaths or seconds. Reproducibility was higher in trained than low‐fit subjects and not influenced by the averaging strategy, exercise mode, RRmax or IE protocol. Conclusions The V̇O2max decreases following a linear‐log function with the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block and can be corrected with specific equations as those developed here. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Marcos Martin‐Rincon; Juan José González Henríquez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ismael Perez‐Suarez; Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González; Jaime De La Calle‐Herrero; Mario Perez‐Valera; Alberto Pérez‐López; David Curtelin; Evgenia D. Cherouveim; David Morales‐Alamo; Jose A. L. Calbet. Impact of data averaging strategies on V̇O 2max assessment: Mathematical modeling and reliability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2019, 29, 1473 -1488.
AMA StyleMarcos Martin‐Rincon, Juan José González Henríquez, Jose Losa-Reyna, Ismael Perez‐Suarez, Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González, Jaime De La Calle‐Herrero, Mario Perez‐Valera, Alberto Pérez‐López, David Curtelin, Evgenia D. Cherouveim, David Morales‐Alamo, Jose A. L. Calbet. Impact of data averaging strategies on V̇O 2max assessment: Mathematical modeling and reliability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2019; 29 (10):1473-1488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Martin‐Rincon; Juan José González Henríquez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ismael Perez‐Suarez; Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González; Jaime De La Calle‐Herrero; Mario Perez‐Valera; Alberto Pérez‐López; David Curtelin; Evgenia D. Cherouveim; David Morales‐Alamo; Jose A. L. Calbet. 2019. "Impact of data averaging strategies on V̇O 2max assessment: Mathematical modeling and reliability." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 29, no. 10: 1473-1488.
Oxidative stress is associated with disease severity and limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. Our main goal was to assess the effects of exercise training on systemic oxidative stress and limb muscle dysfunction in older people with COPD. Twenty‐nine outpatients with COPD (66‐90 years) were randomly assigned to a 12‐week exercise training (ET; high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) plus power training) or a control (CT; usual care) group. We evaluated: mid‐thigh muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA; computed tomography); vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length (ultrasonography); peak VO2 uptake (VO2peak) and work‐rate (Wpeak) (incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test); rate of force development (RFD); maximal muscle power (Pmax; force‐velocity testing); systemic oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonylation); and physical performance and quality of life. ET subjects experienced changes in mid‐thigh muscle CSA (+4%), VL muscle thickness (+11%) and pennation angle (+19%), VO2peak (+14%), Wpeak (+37%), RFD (+32‐65%), Pmax (+38‐51%), sit‐to‐stand time (–24%) and self‐reported health status (+20%) (all p0.05). Protein carbonylation decreased among ET subjects (–27%; p0.05). Changes in protein carbonylation were associated with changes in muscle size and pennation angle (r= –0.44 to –0.57), exercise capacity (r= –0.46), muscle strength (r= –0.45) and sit‐to‐stand performance (r= 0.60) (all p<0.05). The combination of HIIT and power training improved systemic oxidative stress and limb muscle dysfunction in older people with COPD. Changes in oxidative stress were associated with exercise‐induced structural and functional adaptations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Roberto Navarro‐Cruz; Ana Alfaro‐Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García‐García; Luis M. Alegre; Amelia Guadalupe‐Grau. Effects of concurrent exercise training on muscle dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress in older people with COPD. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2019, 29, 1591 -1603.
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Jose Losa-Reyna, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Roberto Navarro‐Cruz, Ana Alfaro‐Acha, Ignacio Ara, Francisco J. García‐García, Luis M. Alegre, Amelia Guadalupe‐Grau. Effects of concurrent exercise training on muscle dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress in older people with COPD. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2019; 29 (10):1591-1603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Roberto Navarro‐Cruz; Ana Alfaro‐Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García‐García; Luis M. Alegre; Amelia Guadalupe‐Grau. 2019. "Effects of concurrent exercise training on muscle dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress in older people with COPD." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 29, no. 10: 1591-1603.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) on different portions of the force–velocity (F–V) relationship in older adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to assess its association with physical function. The participants were 26 older adults with COPD (79 ± 7 years old; FEV1 = 53 ± 36% of predicted) and 10 physically active non-COPD (77 ± 4 years old) older adults. The F–V relationship was evaluated in the leg press exercise during a purely concentric muscle action and compared with that following an eccentric muscle action at 10% intervals of maximal unloaded shortening velocity (V0). Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness, pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL) were assessed by ultrasound. Habitual gait speed was measured over a 4-m distance. COPD subjects exhibited lower physical function and concentric maximal muscle power (Pmax) values compared with the non-COPD group (both p < 0.05). The SSC increased force and power values among COPD participants at 0–100 and 1–100% of V0, respectively, while the same was observed among non-COPD participants only at 40–90 and 30–90% of V0, respectively (all p < 0.05). The SSC induced greater improvements in force, but not power, among COPD compared with non-COPD subjects between 50 and 70% of V0 (all p < 0.05). Thus, between-group differences in muscle power were not statistically significant after the inclusion of the SSC (p > 0.05). The SSC-induced potentiation at 50–100% of V0 was negatively associated with physical function (r = -0.40–0.50), while that observed at 80–100% of V0 was negatively associated with VL muscle thickness and PA (r = -0.43–0.52) (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, older adults with COPD showed a higher SSC-induced potentiation compared with non-COPD subjects, which eliminated between-group differences in muscle power when performing SSC muscle actions. The SSC-induced potentiation was associated with lower physical function, VL muscle thickness, and VL PA values. The SSC-induced potentiation may help as a compensatory mechanism in those older subjects with a decreased ability to produce force/power during purely concentric muscle actions.
Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García-García; Luis M. Alegre. The Effect of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle in the Force–Velocity Relationship and Its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults With COPD. Frontiers in Physiology 2019, 10, 316 .
AMA StyleRoberto Navarro-Cruz, Julian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Jose Losa-Reyna, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Ignacio Ara, Francisco J. García-García, Luis M. Alegre. The Effect of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle in the Force–Velocity Relationship and Its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults With COPD. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019; 10 ():316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Navarro-Cruz; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García-García; Luis M. Alegre. 2019. "The Effect of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle in the Force–Velocity Relationship and Its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults With COPD." Frontiers in Physiology 10, no. : 316.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bone mass (BM) and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) according to frailty status and sex using compositional data analysis. We analyzed 871 older people with an adequate nutritional status. Fried criteria were used to classify by frailty status. Time spent in SB, light intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was assessed from accelerometry for 7 days. BM was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The combined effect of PA and SB was significantly associated with BM in robust men and women (p ≤ 0.05). In relation to the other behaviors, SB was negatively associated with BM in robust men while BM was positively associated with SB and negatively with LPA and MVPA in robust women. Moreover, LPA also was positively associated with arm BM (p ≤ 0.01). Finally, in pre-frail women, BM was positively associated with MVPA. In our sample, to decrease SB could be a good strategy to improve BM in robust men. In contrast, in pre-frail women, MVPA may be an important factor to consider regarding bone health.
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status. Nutrients 2019, 11, 582 .
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Sebastien F.M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (3):582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status." Nutrients 11, no. 3: 582.
Introduction and Purpose Physical activity (PA) is considered the best nonpharmacological treatment for the decrease in bone mass (BM) produced during aging. Therefore, it is essential to assess how the time spent in PA is distributed to control further changes. This work examines the relationship between movement behaviors and BM during aging, using compositional data analysis. Methods We studied 227 older people 65 to 94 yr old (102 men and 125 women), divided by sex and bone status, over a period of 4 yr. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light PA (LPA), and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results The changes in MVPA were positively associated with the rate of BM decay at spine and leg in the whole sample and men’s subgroup (P ≤ 0.05). In women, the rate of BM decay at spine and Ward’s triangle were negatively associated with SB changes, and BM decay at femoral neck and Ward’s triangle were positively associated with LPA (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Increasing MVPA related to other movement behaviors produces improvements in the rate of bone change in older men, whereas to increase LPA and maintain MVPA would be the best approach to enhance BM in older women.
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Compositional Influence of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health during Aging. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2019, 51, 1736 -1744.
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Sebastien F. M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Compositional Influence of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health during Aging. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2019; 51 (8):1736-1744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "Compositional Influence of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health during Aging." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, no. 8: 1736-1744.
To determine whether or not and to what extent the association between sedentary time and frailty was moderated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in older adults. Cross-sectional. Community-dwelling individuals. 749 (403 females and 346 males) white older adults. Sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were measured with accelerometers. Frailty was objectively measured using the Frailty Trait Scale. All models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, marital status, body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and accelerometer wear time. The regression model reported a significant effect of sedentary time on frailty (P < .05). Nevertheless, the results indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity moderates the relationship between frailty status and sedentary time. The Johnson-Neyman technique determined that the estimated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity point was 27.25 minutes/d, from which sedentary time has no significant effect on frailty. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is a moderator in the relationship between sedentary time and frailty in older adults, offsetting the harmful effects of sedentary behavior with 27 minutes/d of moderate-to-vigorous activity. Engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities should be encouraged. Reducing sedentary behavior may also be beneficial, particularly among inactive older adults.
Asier Mañas; Borja del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2019, 20, 634 -638.e1.
AMA StyleAsier Mañas, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Irene Rodríguez Gómez, José Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2019; 20 (5):634-638.e1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsier Mañas; Borja del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 20, no. 5: 634-638.e1.
A short concurrent exercise program of muscle power and walking-based HIIT training is a feasible and safe method to increase physical performance and improve function and frailty in elder (pre)frail patients.
José Losa-Reyna; Iván Baltasar-Fernandez; Julian Alcazar; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Francisco José Garcia-Garcia; Luis M. Alegre; Ana Alfaro-Acha. Effect of a short multicomponent exercise intervention focused on muscle power in frail and pre frail elderly: A pilot trial. Experimental Gerontology 2019, 115, 114 -121.
AMA StyleJosé Losa-Reyna, Iván Baltasar-Fernandez, Julian Alcazar, Roberto Navarro-Cruz, Francisco José Garcia-Garcia, Luis M. Alegre, Ana Alfaro-Acha. Effect of a short multicomponent exercise intervention focused on muscle power in frail and pre frail elderly: A pilot trial. Experimental Gerontology. 2019; 115 ():114-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Losa-Reyna; Iván Baltasar-Fernandez; Julian Alcazar; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Francisco José Garcia-Garcia; Luis M. Alegre; Ana Alfaro-Acha. 2019. "Effect of a short multicomponent exercise intervention focused on muscle power in frail and pre frail elderly: A pilot trial." Experimental Gerontology 115, no. : 114-121.
Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in bone mass (BM), and being physical active is one of the main strategies to combat this continuous loss. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, time spent on each movement behavior is co-dependent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BM and movement behaviors in elderly people using compositional data analysis. We analyzed 871 older people [395 men (76.9±5.3y) and 476 women (76.7±4.7y)]. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by bone densitometry (DXA). The sample was divided according to sex and bone health indicators. The combined effect of all movement behaviors (PA and SB) was significantly associated with whole body, leg and femoral region BM in the whole sample (p≤0.05), with leg and pelvic BM (p<0.05) in men and, with whole body, arm and leg BM (p<0.05) in women. In men, arm and pelvic BM were negatively associated with SB and whole body, pelvic and leg BM were positively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). In women, whole body and leg BM were positively associated with SB. Arm and whole body BM were positively associated and leg BM was negatively associated with LPA and arm BM was negatively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). Women without bone fractures spent less time in SB and more in LPA and MVPA than the subgroup with bone fractures. We identified that the positive effect of MVPA relative to the other behaviors on bone mass is the strongest overall effect in men. Furthermore, women might decrease bone fracture risk through PA increase and SB reduction, despite the fact that no clear benefits of PA for bone mass were found.
Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0206013 .
AMA StyleIrene Rodríguez Gómez, Asier Mañas, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Sebastien F. M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (10):e0206013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2018. "Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10: e0206013.
Skeletal muscle power has been demonstrated to be a stronger predictor of functional limitations than any other physical capability. However, no validated alternatives exist to the usually expensive instruments and/or time-consuming methods to evaluate muscle power in older populations. Our aim was to validate an easily applicable procedure to assess muscle power in large cohort studies and the clinical setting and to assess its association with other age-related outcomes. Forty community dwelling older adults (70–87 years) and 1804 older subjects (67–101 years) participating in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging were included in this investigation. Sit-to-stand (STS) velocity and muscle power were calculated using the subject's body mass and height, chair height and the time needed to complete five STS repetitions, and compared with those obtained in the leg press exercise using a linear position transducer. In addition, STS performance, physical (gait speed) and cognitive function, sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index (SMI)) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were recorded to assess the association with the STS muscle power values. No significant differences were found between STS velocity and power values and those obtained from the leg press force-velocity measurements (mean difference ± 95% CI = 0.02 ± 0.05 m·s−1 and 6.9 ± 29.8 W, respectively) (both p > 0.05). STS muscle power was strongly associated with maximal muscle power registered in the leg press exercise (r = 0.72; p < 0.001). In addition, cognitive function and SMI, and physical function, were better associated with absolute and relative STS muscle power, respectively, than STS time values after adjusting by different covariates. In contrast, STS time was slightly more associated with HRQoL than STS muscle power measures. The STS muscle power test proved to be a valid, and in general, a more clinically relevant tool to assess functional trajectory in older people compared to traditional STS time values. The low time, space and material requirements of the STS muscle power test, make this test an excellent choice for its application in large cohort studies and the clinical setting.
Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García-García; Luis M. Alegre. The sit-to-stand muscle power test: An easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people. Experimental Gerontology 2018, 112, 38 -43.
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Jose Losa-Reyna, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas, Ignacio Ara, Francisco J. García-García, Luis M. Alegre. The sit-to-stand muscle power test: An easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people. Experimental Gerontology. 2018; 112 ():38-43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas; Ignacio Ara; Francisco J. García-García; Luis M. Alegre. 2018. "The sit-to-stand muscle power test: An easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people." Experimental Gerontology 112, no. : 38-43.
The actual mechanisms leading to a reduced muscle power and functional ability in older adults are poorly understood. We investigated the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles and impaired muscle power, physical and cognitive function, frailty, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. Physical function (habitual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, sit-to-stand and stair-climbing ability), cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty were evaluated in 31 older subjects (70–85 years). The F-V relationship and maximal muscle power (Pmax) were assessed in the leg press exercise. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were obtained from DXA scans and accelerometry, respectively. While some subjects showed a force deficit (FDEF), others presented a velocity deficit (VDEF), both leading to an impaired muscle power [Effect size (ES) = 1.30–1.44], and to a likely-very likely moderate harmful effect in their physical and cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty levels (except the VDEF group for cognitive function) [ES = 0.76–1.05]. Leg muscle mass and specific force were similarly associated with force at Pmax, while MVPA but not sedentary time was related to fat index, force at Pmax, and power values (all p < 0.05). A trend was found for the negative association between fat index and relative Pmax (p = 0.075). Older subjects exhibited different mechanisms (force vs. velocity deficits) leading to impaired muscle power. Both deficits were associated with a lower physical function and quality of life, and a higher frailty, whereas only a force deficit was associated with a lower cognitive function. Interventions aimed at reversing age- and/or disuse-related impairments of muscle power might evaluate the specific responsible mechanism and act accordingly.
Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Ignacio Ara; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Jose Losa-Reyna; Francisco Jose Garcia-Garcia; Luis M. Alegre. Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging. Experimental Gerontology 2018, 108, 1 -6.
AMA StyleJulian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Ignacio Ara, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Irene Rodríguez Gómez, Roberto Navarro-Cruz, Jose Losa-Reyna, Francisco Jose Garcia-Garcia, Luis M. Alegre. Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging. Experimental Gerontology. 2018; 108 ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Ignacio Ara; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Jose Losa-Reyna; Francisco Jose Garcia-Garcia; Luis M. Alegre. 2018. "Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging." Experimental Gerontology 108, no. : 1-6.
In obesity, leptin receptors (OBR) and leptin signaling in skeletal muscle are downregulated. To determine whether OBR and leptin signaling are upregulated with a severe energy deficit, 15 overweight men were assessed before the intervention (PRE), after 4 days of caloric restriction (3.2 kcal·kg body wt−1·day−1) in combination with prolonged exercise (CRE; 8 h walking + 45 min single-arm cranking/day) to induce an energy deficit of ~5,500 kcal/day, and following 3 days of control diet (isoenergetic) and reduced exercise (CD). During CRE, the diet consisted solely of whey protein ( n = 8) or sucrose ( n = 7; 0.8 g·kg body wt−1·day−1). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the exercised and the nonexercised deltoid muscles and from the vastus lateralis. From PRE to CRE, serum glucose, insulin, and leptin were reduced. OBR expression was augmented in all examined muscles associated with increased maximal fat oxidation. Compared with PRE, after CD, phospho-Tyr1141OBR, phospho-Tyr985OBR, JAK2, and phospho-Tyr1007/1008JAK2 protein expression were increased in all muscles, whereas STAT3 and phospho-Tyr705STAT3 were increased only in the arms. The expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in skeletal muscle was increased by 18 and 45% after CRE and CD, respectively ( P < 0.05). Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) tended to increase in the legs and decrease in the arm muscles (ANOVA interaction: P < 0.05). Myosin heavy chain I isoform was associated with OBR protein expression ( r = −0.75), phospho-Tyr985OBR ( r = 0.88), and phospho-Tyr705STAT3/STAT3 ( r = 0.74). In summary, despite increased PTP1B expression, skeletal muscle OBR and signaling are upregulated by a severe energy deficit with greater response in the arm than in the legs likely due to SOCS3 upregulation in the leg muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the skeletal muscle leptin receptors and their corresponding signaling cascade are upregulated in response to a severe energy deficit, contributing to increase maximal fat oxidation. The responses are more prominent in the arm muscles than in the legs but partly blunted by whey protein ingestion and high volume of exercise. This occurs despite an increase of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B protein expression, a known inhibitor of insulin and leptin signaling.
Ismael Perez-Suarez; Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González; Jaime De La Calle-Herrero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Marcos Martin-Rincon; David Morales-Alamo; Alfredo Santana; Hans-Christer Holmberg; Jose A. L. Calbet. Severe energy deficit upregulates leptin receptors, leptin signaling, and PTP1B in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 2017, 123, 1276 -1287.
AMA StyleIsmael Perez-Suarez, Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González, Jaime De La Calle-Herrero, Jose Losa-Reyna, Marcos Martin-Rincon, David Morales-Alamo, Alfredo Santana, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Jose A. L. Calbet. Severe energy deficit upregulates leptin receptors, leptin signaling, and PTP1B in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2017; 123 (5):1276-1287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmael Perez-Suarez; Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González; Jaime De La Calle-Herrero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Marcos Martin-Rincon; David Morales-Alamo; Alfredo Santana; Hans-Christer Holmberg; Jose A. L. Calbet. 2017. "Severe energy deficit upregulates leptin receptors, leptin signaling, and PTP1B in human skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 5: 1276-1287.
Frailty is a strong predictor of adverse health events, but its impact on cognitive function is poorly understood.To assess cognitive performance in frailty and to identify the frailty stage where cognitive impairment begins.Data were taken from 2044 people aged ≥65 years without cognitive impairment selected from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging, a population-based cohort of older adults. Frailty status was assessed by 3 different scales: Frailty Phenotype (FP), Frailty Trait Scale (FTS), and Frailty Index (FI). Neuropsychological assessments of different cognitive domains included the Mini-Mental State Examination, Short and Long-Term Memory Recalling Test, the Boston Naming Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Digit Span Forward, Go/No-go Test, Luria Orders Test, Clock Drawing Test, and Serial Word Learning Test. The relationships between the score of the scales and frailty status (robust, prefrail, and frail for FP and quartiles for FTS and FI) were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models including age, sex, and educative level as possible confounders.Participants classified as the worst degree of frailty (frail in FP and fourth quartile of FTS and FI) presented more cognitive domains affected and to a higher extent than moderate frail (prefrail and second quartile and third quartile of FTS and FI) and robust (and first quartile of FTS and FI) participants.Cognitive performance progressively declined across the frailty state, regardless of the instrument used to assess frailty. In prefrail participants, cognitive impairment may be an early marker of frailty-dependent cerebral involvement and could be already subject to interventions aimed at reducing the transition to frailty.
Cristina Rosado-Artalejo; Jose Antonio Carnicero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Amelia Guadalupe-Grau; Carmen Castillo-Gallego; Gonzalo Gutierrez-Avila; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco José García-García. Cognitive Performance across 3 Frailty Phenotypes: Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2017, 18, 785 -790.
AMA StyleCristina Rosado-Artalejo, Jose Antonio Carnicero, Jose Losa-Reyna, Amelia Guadalupe-Grau, Carmen Castillo-Gallego, Gonzalo Gutierrez-Avila, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco José García-García. Cognitive Performance across 3 Frailty Phenotypes: Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2017; 18 (9):785-790.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Rosado-Artalejo; Jose Antonio Carnicero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Amelia Guadalupe-Grau; Carmen Castillo-Gallego; Gonzalo Gutierrez-Avila; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco José García-García. 2017. "Cognitive Performance across 3 Frailty Phenotypes: Toledo Study for Healthy Aging." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 18, no. 9: 785-790.
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to explore what functional and conditioning tests could be more strongly related to healthy ageing in community-dwelling older adults.
Asier Mañas; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Irene Rodriguez-Gomez; Amelia Guadalupe-Grau; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Luis M. Alegre; Jose Losa-Reyna; Garcia-Garcia Francisco; Ignacio Ara. Functional ability: An effective biomarker of healthy ageing independently of multimorbidity. Maturitas 2017, 100, 198 -199.
AMA StyleAsier Mañas, Julian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Irene Rodriguez-Gomez, Amelia Guadalupe-Grau, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Luis M. Alegre, Jose Losa-Reyna, Garcia-Garcia Francisco, Ignacio Ara. Functional ability: An effective biomarker of healthy ageing independently of multimorbidity. Maturitas. 2017; 100 ():198-199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsier Mañas; Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Irene Rodriguez-Gomez; Amelia Guadalupe-Grau; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Luis M. Alegre; Jose Losa-Reyna; Garcia-Garcia Francisco; Ignacio Ara. 2017. "Functional ability: An effective biomarker of healthy ageing independently of multimorbidity." Maturitas 100, no. : 198-199.
Aging is a process that involves a reduction in muscle strength and anabolic hormone concentrations, which impacts significantly on health.
Amelia Guadalupe-Grau; Jose Antonio Carnicero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Jesús Tresguerres; Maria Del Carmen Gómez-Cabrera; Carmen Castillo; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Cristina Rosado-Artalejo; Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas; Francisco José García-García. Endocrinology of Aging From a Muscle Function Point of View: Results From the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2017, 18, 234 -239.
AMA StyleAmelia Guadalupe-Grau, Jose Antonio Carnicero, Jose Losa-Reyna, Jesús Tresguerres, Maria Del Carmen Gómez-Cabrera, Carmen Castillo, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Cristina Rosado-Artalejo, Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas, Francisco José García-García. Endocrinology of Aging From a Muscle Function Point of View: Results From the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2017; 18 (3):234-239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmelia Guadalupe-Grau; Jose Antonio Carnicero; Jose Losa-Reyna; Jesús Tresguerres; Maria Del Carmen Gómez-Cabrera; Carmen Castillo; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Cristina Rosado-Artalejo; Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas; Francisco José García-García. 2017. "Endocrinology of Aging From a Muscle Function Point of View: Results From the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 18, no. 3: 234-239.