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Dr. Ahmad Almatroudi
1. Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia

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0 Microbiology
0 Public Health
0 Nano material application
0 pubilc health
0 cancer Biology,Systems biology,Microbiology

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Journal of Personalized Medicine
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a major health problem, which poses a burden for health care systems worldwide. It has been estimated that 10% of the population worldwide have CKD; however, most of the cases are undiagnosed. If left untreated, CKD could lead to kidney failure, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Pyuria has been reported in CKD patients, and could be the result of several comorbidities, such as diabetes, or urinary tract infections (UTIs). A few studies have shown that pyuria is associated with the late stages of CKD. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of non-UTI (sterile) and UTI–pyuria in different CKD patient populations, and its association with the decline in kidney function and progression of CKD. In this retrospective study, we report the prevalence of pyuria (sterile and UTI) in 754 CKD patients of King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. Our data showed that 164/754 CKD patients (21.8%) had pyuria, whereas 590 patients (78.2%) presented with no pyuria. There was a significantly higher percentage of late-stage (stage 4) CKD patients in the pyuric group compared to the non-pyuric group (36.6% vs. 11.9%). In line with the previous data, proteinuria was detected in a significantly higher percentage of pyuric patients, in addition to significantly higher levels of serum creatinine and urea, compared to non-pyuric patients. Furthermore, 13.4% of the pyuric CKD patients had UTI, whereas 86.6% presented with sterile pyuria. E. coli was indicated as the causative agent in 45.5% of UTI patients. Our patient data analysis showed that a significantly higher percentage of UTI–pyuric CKD patients, than sterile pyuric patients (63.6% vs. 19.7%), had higher numbers of urinary white blood cells (>50/HPF, WBCs). The data also showed that a higher percentage of UTI–pyuric patients were late-stage CKD patients, compared to sterile pyuric patients (50% vs. 34.5%). Our findings indicate that a high level of pyuria could be considered as a marker for late-stage CKD, and that UTI is an important risk factor for the decline in kidney function and the progression to late-stage CKD. We believe that further studies are needed to correlate pyuria to kidney function, which could be helpful in monitoring the progression of CKD. Moreover, the management of comorbidities, such as diabetes and UTIs, which are risk factors for CKD and associated pyuria, could help to control the progression of CKD to the late stages.

ACS Style

Lina Almaiman; Khaled S. Allemailem; Asmaa M. El-Kady; Mishaal Alrasheed; Ahmad Almatroudi; Fahad S. Alekezem; Abdelrahman Elrasheedy; Wafa Abdullah Al-Megrin; Hussah M. Alobaid; Hatem A. Elshabrawy. Prevalence and Significance of Pyuria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2021, 11, 831 .

AMA Style

Lina Almaiman, Khaled S. Allemailem, Asmaa M. El-Kady, Mishaal Alrasheed, Ahmad Almatroudi, Fahad S. Alekezem, Abdelrahman Elrasheedy, Wafa Abdullah Al-Megrin, Hussah M. Alobaid, Hatem A. Elshabrawy. Prevalence and Significance of Pyuria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11 (9):831.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Almaiman; Khaled S. Allemailem; Asmaa M. El-Kady; Mishaal Alrasheed; Ahmad Almatroudi; Fahad S. Alekezem; Abdelrahman Elrasheedy; Wafa Abdullah Al-Megrin; Hussah M. Alobaid; Hatem A. Elshabrawy. 2021. "Prevalence and Significance of Pyuria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 9: 831.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Computers in Biology and Medicine
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens is a major global distress. Due to the slow progress of antibiotics development and the fast pace of resistance acquisition, there is an urgent need for effective vaccines against such bacterial pathogens. In-silico approaches including pan-genomics, subtractive proteomics, reverse vaccinology, immunoinformatics, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation studies were applied in the current study to identify a universal potential vaccine candidate against the 18 multi-drug resistance (MDRs) bacterial pathogenic species from a WHO priority list. Ten non-redundant, non-homologous, virulent, and antigenic vaccine candidates were filtered against all targeted species. Nine B-cell-derived T-cell antigen epitopes which show a great affinity to the dominant HLA allele (DRB1*0101) in the human population were screened from selected vaccine candidates using immunoinformatics approaches. Screened epitopes were then used to design a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (MEPVC) along with β-defensin adjuvant to improve the immunogenic properties of the proposed vaccine construct. Molecular docking and MD simulation were carried out to study the binding affinity and molecular interaction of MEPVC with human immune receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR6). The final MEPVC construct was reverse translated and in-silico cloned in the pET28a(+) vector to ensure its effectiveness. This in silico construct is expected to be helpful for vaccinologists to assess its immune protection effectiveness in vivo and in vitro to counter rising antibiotic resistance worldwide.

ACS Style

Saba Ismail; Farah Shahid; Abbas Khan; Sadia Bhatti; Sajjad Ahmad; Anam Naz; Ahmad Almatroudi; Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar. Pan-vaccinomics approach towards a universal vaccine candidate against WHO priority pathogens to address growing global antibiotic resistance. Computers in Biology and Medicine 2021, 136, 104705 .

AMA Style

Saba Ismail, Farah Shahid, Abbas Khan, Sadia Bhatti, Sajjad Ahmad, Anam Naz, Ahmad Almatroudi, Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar. Pan-vaccinomics approach towards a universal vaccine candidate against WHO priority pathogens to address growing global antibiotic resistance. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2021; 136 ():104705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saba Ismail; Farah Shahid; Abbas Khan; Sadia Bhatti; Sajjad Ahmad; Anam Naz; Ahmad Almatroudi; Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar. 2021. "Pan-vaccinomics approach towards a universal vaccine candidate against WHO priority pathogens to address growing global antibiotic resistance." Computers in Biology and Medicine 136, no. : 104705.

Review article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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With over a million deaths every year around the world, lung cancer is found to be the most recurrent cancer among all types. Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) amounts to about 85% of the entire cases. The other 15% owes it to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Despite decades of research, the prognosis for NSCLC patients is poorly understood with treatment options limited. First, this article emphasises on the part that tumour microenvironment (TME) and its constituents play in lung cancer progression. This review also highlights the inflammatory (pro- or anti-) roles of different cytokines (ILs, TGF-β, and TNF-α) and chemokine (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) families in the lung TME, provoking tumour growth and subsequent metastasis. The write-up also pinpoints recent developments in the field of chemokine biology. Additionally, it covers the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as alternate carriers of cytokines and chemokines. This allows the cytokines/chemokines to modulate the EVs for their secretion, trafficking, and aid in cancer proliferation. In the end, this review also stresses on the role of these factors as prognostic biomarkers for lung immunotherapy, apart from focusing on inflammatory actions of these chemoattractants.

ACS Style

Sowmya Ramachandran; Amit K. Verma; Kapil Dev; Yamini Goyal; Deepti Bhatt; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Naushad Ahmad Khan. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, 2021, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Sowmya Ramachandran, Amit K. Verma, Kapil Dev, Yamini Goyal, Deepti Bhatt, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Ahmad Almatroudi, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Faris Alrumaihi, Naushad Ahmad Khan. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2021; 2021 ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sowmya Ramachandran; Amit K. Verma; Kapil Dev; Yamini Goyal; Deepti Bhatt; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Naushad Ahmad Khan. 2021. "Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, no. : 1-20.

Review
Published: 01 July 2021 in International Journal of Nanomedicine
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The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.

ACS Style

Khaled S Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Faris Alrumaihi; Saleh A Almatroodi; Mohammad O Alkurbi; Ghaiyda Talal Basfar; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Amjad Ali Khan. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2021, ume 16, 5065 -5098.

AMA Style

Khaled S Allemailem, Ahmad Almatroudi, Faris Alrumaihi, Saleh A Almatroodi, Mohammad O Alkurbi, Ghaiyda Talal Basfar, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Amjad Ali Khan. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2021; ume 16 ():5065-5098.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled S Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Faris Alrumaihi; Saleh A Almatroodi; Mohammad O Alkurbi; Ghaiyda Talal Basfar; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Amjad Ali Khan. 2021. "Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics." International Journal of Nanomedicine ume 16, no. : 5065-5098.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Cardiology Research and Practice
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The present study aimed at investigating the 4G/5G and -844G/A polymorphisms and plasma concentration of PAI-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic stable angina (CSA) in Indian population. It included 100 patients with AMI and stable angina and 100 healthy controls. All study subjects were typed for two PAI polymorphisms (4G/5G and -844G/A) through PCR-RFLP and level of PAI through ELISA. The comparison of AMI and CSA independently with control in terms of PAI-1 level was statistically significant but not between AMI and CSA. The frequency of 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotype and 4G allele was significantly higher in AMI cases than in control and was found to increase the risk of AMI. There was a significant relationship between 4G/5G polymorphism and AMI risk under the dominant and codominant genotype. The frequency of 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele was significantly higher in CSA cases than in control group and increases the risk of CSA. There was no significant association between 4G/5G polymorphism and CSA risk under recessive, dominant, and codominant models. The genotype and allelic frequencies difference between the cases (AMI and CSA) and control with regard to -844G/A polymorphisms were statistically nonsignificant. Also, we did not detect any significant association of -844G/A polymorphism with AMI and CSA in recessive, dominant, and codominant models. Along with the traditional risk factors, the 4G/5G allele polymorphism is an independent risk factor for the development of AMI. The detection of 4G/5G allele may therefore be helpful in primary prevention. Patients who carry the 4G/5G allele polymorphism have high concentrations of PAI-1, which might be involved in incidents leading to AMI. The present study for the first time revealed significant association of 4G/5G allele polymorphism with high risk of AMI in Indian population and will be helpful in identifying the genetic risk factors associated with AMI and CSA and for better management of diagnostic measures.

ACS Style

Sunil Kumar; Amit Kumar Verma; Vinay Sagar; Ravi Ranjan; Rahul Sharma; Preeti Tomar; Deepti Bhatt; Yamini Goyal; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Faris Alrumaihi; Khursheed Muzammil; Kapil Dev; Rakesh Yadav; Renu Saxena. Genotype Variations and Association between PAI-1 Promoter Region (4G/5G and -844G/A) and Susceptibility to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Stable Angina. Cardiology Research and Practice 2021, 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Sunil Kumar, Amit Kumar Verma, Vinay Sagar, Ravi Ranjan, Rahul Sharma, Preeti Tomar, Deepti Bhatt, Yamini Goyal, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Ahmad Almatroudi, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Faris Alrumaihi, Khursheed Muzammil, Kapil Dev, Rakesh Yadav, Renu Saxena. Genotype Variations and Association between PAI-1 Promoter Region (4G/5G and -844G/A) and Susceptibility to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Stable Angina. Cardiology Research and Practice. 2021; 2021 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunil Kumar; Amit Kumar Verma; Vinay Sagar; Ravi Ranjan; Rahul Sharma; Preeti Tomar; Deepti Bhatt; Yamini Goyal; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Faris Alrumaihi; Khursheed Muzammil; Kapil Dev; Rakesh Yadav; Renu Saxena. 2021. "Genotype Variations and Association between PAI-1 Promoter Region (4G/5G and -844G/A) and Susceptibility to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Stable Angina." Cardiology Research and Practice 2021, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Pharmaceutics
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Cryptococcus neoformans infections rose sharply due to rapid increase in the numbers of immunocompromised individuals in recent years. Treatment of Cryptococcosis in immunocompromised persons is largely very challenging and hopeless. Hence, this study aimed to determine the activity of ellagic acid (EA) in the treatment of C. neoformans in cyclophosphamide injected leukopenic mice. A liposomal formulation of ellagic acid (Lip-EA) was prepared and characterized, and its antifungal activity was assessed in comparison to fluconazole (FLZ). The efficacy of the drug treatment was tested by assessing survival rate, fungal burden, and histological analysis in lung tissues. The safety of the drug formulations was tested by investigating hepatic, renal function, and antioxidant levels. The results of the present work demonstrated that Lip-EA, not FLZ, effectively eliminated C. neoformans infection in the leukopenic mice. Mice treated with Lip-EA (40 mg/kg) showed 70% survival rate and highly reduced fungal burden in their lung tissues, whereas the mice treated with FLZ (40 mg/kg) had 20% survival rate and greater fungal load in their lungs. Noteworthy, Lip-EA treatment alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity and restored hepatic and renal function parameters. Moreover, Lip-EA treatment restored the levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione and catalase in the lung tissues. The effect of FLZ or EA or Lip-EA against C. neoformans infection was assessed by the histological analysis of lung tissues. Lip-EA effectively reduced influx of inflammatory cells, thickening of alveolar walls, congestion, and hemorrhage. The findings of the present study suggest that Lip-EA may prove to be a promising therapeutic formulation against C. neoformans in immunocompromised persons.

ACS Style

Masood Khan; Arif Khan; Mohd Azam; Khaled Allemailem; Faris Alrumaihi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Fahad A. Alhumaydhi; Faizul Azam; Shaheer Khan; Syeda Zofair; Sumbul Ahmad; Hina Younus. Liposomal Ellagic Acid Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity and Eliminates the Systemic Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Leukopenic Mice. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 882 .

AMA Style

Masood Khan, Arif Khan, Mohd Azam, Khaled Allemailem, Faris Alrumaihi, Ahmad Almatroudi, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Faizul Azam, Shaheer Khan, Syeda Zofair, Sumbul Ahmad, Hina Younus. Liposomal Ellagic Acid Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity and Eliminates the Systemic Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Leukopenic Mice. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13 (6):882.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masood Khan; Arif Khan; Mohd Azam; Khaled Allemailem; Faris Alrumaihi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Fahad A. Alhumaydhi; Faizul Azam; Shaheer Khan; Syeda Zofair; Sumbul Ahmad; Hina Younus. 2021. "Liposomal Ellagic Acid Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity and Eliminates the Systemic Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Leukopenic Mice." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6: 882.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
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Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous allergic respiratory disease with diverse inflammatory symptoms, pathology, and responses to treatment. Thyme is a natural product which is consisted of multiple phenolic compounds of therapeutic significance for treatment of cough and bronchitis. This study evaluated the efficacy of thyme oil against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BA in an experimental rabbit model. Forty male rabbits were divided into four equal groups [control group (G1), OVA (G2), thyme oil (G3), and OVA plus thyme oil (G4)]. Animals were treated for 30 days, and clinical, histopathological (HP), histochemical (HC), immunohistochemical (IHC), morphometric, biochemical and flow cytometry methods were performed, followed by statistical analysis. All used methods revealed normal structure of the lung tissues in rabbits of G1 and G3. In contrast, the clinical examination of G2 rabbits revealed an obvious increase in the respiratory rate, sneezing and wheezing, whereas the HP, HC and IHC techniques exhibited substantial inflammatory changes in the peribronchio-vascular lung tissues with thinning, degeneration, apoptosis (using the TUNEL assay), necrosis, and shedding of the airway epithelium. Furthermore, the morphometric results confirmed significant increases in the numbers of inflammatory cells, goblet cells, eosinophils and apoptotic cells from (12, 0, 2, 2 cells) to (34,10, 16, 18 cells) respectively, as well as the area percentage of collagen fiber deposition and immunoexpression of eotaxin-1/10 high power fields. Additionally, the biochemical results revealed significant increases in the serum levels of TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IgE and eotaxin-1 cytokines from (140, 40, 15, 38, 120, 100, 48) pg./ml to (360, 270, 130, 85, 365, 398, 110) pg./ml respectively, while analysis of ROS by flow cytometry revealed remarkable oxidative stress effects in G2 rabbits. On the other hand, treatment of rabbits with thyme oil in G4 substantially alleviated all OVA-induced alterations. Overall, our findings indicate for the first time that thyme oil can ameliorate OVA-induced BA via its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects on the lung tissues of rabbits.

ACS Style

Ayman M. Mousa; Ahmad Almatroudi; Ameen S. Alwashmi; Waleed Al Abdulmonem; Abdullah S.M. Aljohani; Fahad A. Alhumaydhi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Faris Alrumaihi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif; Arif Khan; Masood A. Khan; Fahad M. Alshabrmi; Abdulmohsen Alruwetei; Mohammad Aljasir; Faris F. Aba Alkhayl; Arshad H. Rahmani; Osamah Al Rugaie; Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan; Suliman A. Alsagaby; Fahad M. Aldakheel; Saleh A. Almatroodi. Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2021, 140, 111726 .

AMA Style

Ayman M. Mousa, Ahmad Almatroudi, Ameen S. Alwashmi, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Abdullah S.M. Aljohani, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Faris Alrumaihi, Khaled S. Allemailem, Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif, Arif Khan, Masood A. Khan, Fahad M. Alshabrmi, Abdulmohsen Alruwetei, Mohammad Aljasir, Faris F. Aba Alkhayl, Arshad H. Rahmani, Osamah Al Rugaie, Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan, Suliman A. Alsagaby, Fahad M. Aldakheel, Saleh A. Almatroodi. Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021; 140 ():111726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayman M. Mousa; Ahmad Almatroudi; Ameen S. Alwashmi; Waleed Al Abdulmonem; Abdullah S.M. Aljohani; Fahad A. Alhumaydhi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Faris Alrumaihi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif; Arif Khan; Masood A. Khan; Fahad M. Alshabrmi; Abdulmohsen Alruwetei; Mohammad Aljasir; Faris F. Aba Alkhayl; Arshad H. Rahmani; Osamah Al Rugaie; Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan; Suliman A. Alsagaby; Fahad M. Aldakheel; Saleh A. Almatroodi. 2021. "Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 140, no. : 111726.

Review
Published: 01 June 2021 in International Journal of Nanomedicine
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Any variation in normal cellular function results in mitochondrial dysregulation that occurs in several diseases, including cancer. Such processes as oxidative stress, metabolism, signaling, and biogenesis play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Due to their central role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favorable therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Subcellular mitochondria-specific theranostic nanoformulations for simultaneous targeting, drug delivery, and imaging of these organelles are of immense interest in cancer therapy. It is a challenging task to cross multiple barriers to target mitochondria in diseased cells. To overcome these multiple barriers, several mitochondriotropic nanoformulations have been engineered for the transportation of mitochondria-specific drugs. These nanoformulations include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and inorganic NPs. These nanoformulations are made mitochondriotropic by conjugating them with moieties like dequalinium, Mito-Porter, triphenylphosphonium, and Mitochondria-penetrating peptides. Most of these nanoformulations are meticulously tailored to control their size, charge, shape, mitochondriotropic drug loading, and specific cell-membrane interactions. Recently, some novel mitochondria-selective antitumor compounds known as mitocans have shown high toxicity against cancer cells. These selective compounds form vicious oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species cycles within cancer cells and ultimately push them to cell death. Nanoformulations approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical applications in cancer patients include Doxil, NK105, and Abraxane. The novel use of these NPs still faces tremendous challenges and an immense amount of research is needed to understand the proper mechanisms of cancer progression and control by these NPs. Here in this review, we summarize current advancements and novel strategies of delivering different anticancer therapeutic agents to mitochondria with the help of various nanoformulations.

ACS Style

Khaled S Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohammed A Alsahli; Aseel Aljaghwani; Asmaa M El-Kady; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Amjad Ali Khan. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug–Loaded Nanoformulations. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2021, ume 16, 3907 -3936.

AMA Style

Khaled S Allemailem, Ahmad Almatroudi, Mohammed A Alsahli, Aseel Aljaghwani, Asmaa M El-Kady, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Amjad Ali Khan. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug–Loaded Nanoformulations. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2021; ume 16 ():3907-3936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled S Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohammed A Alsahli; Aseel Aljaghwani; Asmaa M El-Kady; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Amjad Ali Khan. 2021. "Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug–Loaded Nanoformulations." International Journal of Nanomedicine ume 16, no. : 3907-3936.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Seminars in Cancer Biology
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Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death in both men and women. Colorectal cancer (CRC) alone accounts for ∼10 % of total new global cases and poses an over 4% lifetime risk of developing cancer. Recent advancements in the field of biotechnology and microbiology concocted novel microbe-based therapies to treat various cancers, including CRC. Microbes have been explored for human use since centuries, especially for the treatment of various ailments. The utility of microbes in cancer therapeutics is widely explored, and various bacteria, fungi, and viruses are currently in use for the development of cancer therapeutics. The human gut hosts about 100 trillion microbes that release their metabolites in active, inactive, or dead conditions. Microbial secondary metabolites, proteins, immunotoxins, and enzymes are used to target cancer cells to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and death. Various approaches, such as dietary interventions, the use of prebiotics and probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation have been used to modulate the gut microbiota in order to prevent or treat CRC pathogenesis. The present review highlights the role of the gut microbiota in CRC precipitation, the potential mechanisms and use of microorganisms as CRC biomarkers, and strategies to modulate microbiota for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

ACS Style

Mohd Saeed; Ambreen Shoaib; Raghuram Kandimalla; Shamama Javed; Ahmad Almatroudi; Ramesh Gupta; Farrukh Aqil. Microbe-based therapies for colorectal cancer: Advantages and limitations. Seminars in Cancer Biology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohd Saeed, Ambreen Shoaib, Raghuram Kandimalla, Shamama Javed, Ahmad Almatroudi, Ramesh Gupta, Farrukh Aqil. Microbe-based therapies for colorectal cancer: Advantages and limitations. Seminars in Cancer Biology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Saeed; Ambreen Shoaib; Raghuram Kandimalla; Shamama Javed; Ahmad Almatroudi; Ramesh Gupta; Farrukh Aqil. 2021. "Microbe-based therapies for colorectal cancer: Advantages and limitations." Seminars in Cancer Biology , no. : 1.

Review article
Published: 12 May 2021 in BioMed Research International
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Human bodies encompass very important symbiotic and mutualistic relationships with tiny creatures known as microbiota. Trillions of these tiny creatures including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and fungi are present in and on our bodies. They play important roles in various physiological mechanisms of our bodies. In return, our bodies provide them with the habitat and food necessary for their survival. In this review, we comprehend the gut microbial species present in various regions of the gut. We can get benefits from microbiota only if they are present in appropriate concentrations, as if their concentration is altered, it will lead to dysbiosis of microbiota which further contributes to various health ailments. The composition, diversity, and functionality of gut microbiota do not remain static throughout life as they keep on changing over time. In this review, we also reviewed the various biotic and abiotic factors influencing the quantity and quality of these microbiota. These factors serve a significant role in shaping the gut microbiota population.

ACS Style

Haseeb Anwar; Arslan Iftikhar; Humaira Muzaffar; Ahmad Almatroudi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Soha Navaid; Sana Saleem; Mohsin Khurshid. Biodiversity of Gut Microbiota: Impact of Various Host and Environmental Factors. BioMed Research International 2021, 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Haseeb Anwar, Arslan Iftikhar, Humaira Muzaffar, Ahmad Almatroudi, Khaled S. Allemailem, Soha Navaid, Sana Saleem, Mohsin Khurshid. Biodiversity of Gut Microbiota: Impact of Various Host and Environmental Factors. BioMed Research International. 2021; 2021 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haseeb Anwar; Arslan Iftikhar; Humaira Muzaffar; Ahmad Almatroudi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Soha Navaid; Sana Saleem; Mohsin Khurshid. 2021. "Biodiversity of Gut Microbiota: Impact of Various Host and Environmental Factors." BioMed Research International 2021, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Pharmaceutics
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In the present study, we investigated the activity of free thymoquinone (TQ) or liposomal thymoquinone (Lip-TQ) in comparison to standard antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) against the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. A liposomal formulation of TQ was prepared and characterized and its toxicity was evaluated by analyzing the hematological, liver and kidney function parameters. TQ was effective against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant A. baumannii as shown by the findings of drug susceptibility testing and time kill kinetics. Moreover, the therapeutic efficacy of TQ or Lip-TQ against A. baumannii was assessed by the survival rate and the bacterial load in the lung tissues of treated mice. The mice infected with drug-sensitive A. baumannii exhibited a 90% survival rate on day 30 post treatment with Lip-TQ at a dose of 10 mg/kg, whereas the mice treated with AMX (10 mg/kg) had a 100% survival rate. On the other hand, the mice infected with drug-resistant A. baumannii had a 70% survival rate in the group treated with Lip-TQ, whereas AMX was ineffective against drug-resistant A. baumannii and all the mice died within day 30 after the treatment. Moreover, Lip-TQ treatment effectively reduced the bacterial load in the lung tissues of the mice infected with the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant A. baumannii. Moreover, the blood of the mice treated with Lip-TQ had reduced levels of inflammation markers, leukocytes and neutrophils. The results of the present study suggest that Lip-TQ may prove to be an effective therapeutic formulation in the treatment of the drug-sensitive or drug-resistant A. baumannii infection as well.

ACS Style

Khaled Allemailem; Abdullah Alnuqaydan; Ahmad Almatroudi; Faris Alrumaihi; Aseel Aljaghwani; Habibullah Khalilullah; Hina Younus; Arif Khan; Masood Khan. Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of Thymoquinone-Loaded Liposomes against Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 677 .

AMA Style

Khaled Allemailem, Abdullah Alnuqaydan, Ahmad Almatroudi, Faris Alrumaihi, Aseel Aljaghwani, Habibullah Khalilullah, Hina Younus, Arif Khan, Masood Khan. Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of Thymoquinone-Loaded Liposomes against Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13 (5):677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled Allemailem; Abdullah Alnuqaydan; Ahmad Almatroudi; Faris Alrumaihi; Aseel Aljaghwani; Habibullah Khalilullah; Hina Younus; Arif Khan; Masood Khan. 2021. "Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of Thymoquinone-Loaded Liposomes against Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5: 677.

Review
Published: 01 May 2021 in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
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Neurocysticercosis, the most common type of neuroparasitosis, is a condition in which the central nervous system (CNS) is infested with the pork tapeworm Taenia solium cysticercosis’ larvae. Neurocysticercosis is the most widespread parasitic CNS disease worldwide, affecting more than 50 million individuals. As neurocysticercosis is prevalent in developing countries, the growing number of migrants and travelers increases prevalence in developed countries. Possible neuropsychiatric manifestations are depression, cognitive dysfunction, dementia, and visual hallucinations. Depending on the cysts’ location in the CNS, focal neurology or psychiatric symptoms manifest. The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is based on neuroimaging and serology. The correlation between specific symptoms and the cyst’s location might help better understand psychiatric disorders’ pathophysiology. Nonetheless, the exact prevalence of neurocysticercosis is seldom reported in patients with psychiatric disorders, which may be due to the lack of imaging availability in developing countries with a high prevalence.

ACS Style

Asmaa M El-Kady; Khaled S Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Birgit Abler; Mohamed Elsayed. Psychiatric Disorders of Neurocysticercosis: Narrative Review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2021, ume 17, 1599 -1610.

AMA Style

Asmaa M El-Kady, Khaled S Allemailem, Ahmad Almatroudi, Birgit Abler, Mohamed Elsayed. Psychiatric Disorders of Neurocysticercosis: Narrative Review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2021; ume 17 ():1599-1610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asmaa M El-Kady; Khaled S Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Birgit Abler; Mohamed Elsayed. 2021. "Psychiatric Disorders of Neurocysticercosis: Narrative Review." Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment ume 17, no. : 1599-1610.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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The human-to-human transmitted respiratory illness in COVID-19 affected by the pathogenic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in the last of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread in many countries. Thereon, based on the urgent need for therapeutic molecules, we conducted in silico based docking and simulation molecular interaction studies on repurposing drugs, targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Further, the best binding energy of doxorubicin interacting with virus spike protein (PDB: 6VYB) was observed to be −6.38 kcal/mol and it was followed by exemestane and gatifloxacin. The molecular simulation dynamics analysis of doxorubicin, Reference Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square fluctuation (RMSF), Radius of Gyration (Rg), and formation of hydrogen bonds plot interpretation suggested, a significant deviation and fluctuation of Doxorubicin-Spike RBD complex during the whole simulation period. The Rg analysis has stated that the Doxorubicin-Spike RBD complex was stable during 15,000–35,000 ps MDS. The results have suggested that doxorubicin could inhibit the virus spike protein and prevent the access of the SARS-CoV-2 to the host cell. Thus, in-vitro/in-vivo research on these drugs could be advantageous to evaluate significant molecules that control the COVID-19 disease.

ACS Style

Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal; Varish Ahmad; Ali H Alharbi; Mohammad Azam Ansari; Mohammad A Alzohairy; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saad Alghamdi; Mohammad N. Alomary; Sami AlYahya; Nashwa Talaat Shesha; Suriya Rehman. Therapeutic development by repurposing drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions by simulation studies. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Varish Ahmad, Ali H Alharbi, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Mohammad A Alzohairy, Ahmad Almatroudi, Saad Alghamdi, Mohammad N. Alomary, Sami AlYahya, Nashwa Talaat Shesha, Suriya Rehman. Therapeutic development by repurposing drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions by simulation studies. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal; Varish Ahmad; Ali H Alharbi; Mohammad Azam Ansari; Mohammad A Alzohairy; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saad Alghamdi; Mohammad N. Alomary; Sami AlYahya; Nashwa Talaat Shesha; Suriya Rehman. 2021. "Therapeutic development by repurposing drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions by simulation studies." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Antibiotics
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Giardiasis is an intestinal protozoal disease caused by Giardia lamblia. The disease became a global health issue due to development of resistance to commonly used drugs. Since many plant-derived products have been used to treat many parasitic infestations, we aimed to assess the therapeutic utility of Artemisia annua (A. annua) for giardiasis. We showed that NO production was significantly reduced whereas serum levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were elevated in infected hamsters compared to uninfected ones. Additionally, infection resulted in increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes and reduced villi heights, goblet cell numbers, and muscularis externa thickness. We also showed that inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 were elevated in the intestine of infected animals. However, treatment with A. annua significantly reduced the intestinal trophozoite counts and IEL numbers, serum IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, while increasing NO and restoring villi heights, GC numbers, and ME thickness. Moreover, A. annua treatment resulted in lower levels of caspase-3, which indicates a protective effect from apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, A. annua therapeutic effects are comparable to metronidazole. In conclusion, our results show that A. annua extract is effective in alleviating infection-induced intestinal inflammation and pathological effects, which implies its potential therapeutic utility in controlling giardiasis.

ACS Style

Tarek Abd-Elhamid; Iman Abdel-Rahman; Amany Mahmoud; Khaled Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Samer Fouad; Osama Abdella; Hatem Elshabrawy; Asmaa El-Kady. A Complementary Herbal Product for Controlling Giardiasis. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 477 .

AMA Style

Tarek Abd-Elhamid, Iman Abdel-Rahman, Amany Mahmoud, Khaled Allemailem, Ahmad Almatroudi, Samer Fouad, Osama Abdella, Hatem Elshabrawy, Asmaa El-Kady. A Complementary Herbal Product for Controlling Giardiasis. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (5):477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tarek Abd-Elhamid; Iman Abdel-Rahman; Amany Mahmoud; Khaled Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Samer Fouad; Osama Abdella; Hatem Elshabrawy; Asmaa El-Kady. 2021. "A Complementary Herbal Product for Controlling Giardiasis." Antibiotics 10, no. 5: 477.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology
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Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance warrants therapeutic alternatives to eradicate resistant bacteria. Combined phage-antibiotic therapy is a promising approach for eliminating bacterial infections and limiting the evolution of therapy-resistant diseases. Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated the effects of combinations of bacteriophages and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: Two MDR strains (GenBank no. MF953600 & MF953599) of K. pneumoniae were used. Bacteriophages were isolated from hospital sewage samples by employing a double agar overlay assay and identified by transmission electron microscopy. For further characterization of bacteriophages, the killing assay and host range test were performed. To assess therapeutic efficacy, phages (7.5 × 104 PFU/mL) were used in combination with various antibiotics. Results: The phage-cefepime and tetracycline combinations displayed promising therapeutic effects, restricting the growth of K. pneumoniae isolates, as evidenced by recording OD650nm values. Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that phage-antibiotic combination was a potential therapeutic approach to treat the infections caused by MDR K. pneumoniae.

ACS Style

Hafiza Qurat-Ul-Ain; Muhammad Ijaz; Abu Baker Siddique; Saima Muzammil; Muhammad Shafique; Muhammad Hidayat Rasool; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohsin Khurshid; Tamoor Hamid Chaudhry; Bilal Aslam. Efficacy of Phage-Antibiotic Combinations Against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2021, 14, 1 .

AMA Style

Hafiza Qurat-Ul-Ain, Muhammad Ijaz, Abu Baker Siddique, Saima Muzammil, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool, Ahmad Almatroudi, Mohsin Khurshid, Tamoor Hamid Chaudhry, Bilal Aslam. Efficacy of Phage-Antibiotic Combinations Against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2021; 14 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiza Qurat-Ul-Ain; Muhammad Ijaz; Abu Baker Siddique; Saima Muzammil; Muhammad Shafique; Muhammad Hidayat Rasool; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohsin Khurshid; Tamoor Hamid Chaudhry; Bilal Aslam. 2021. "Efficacy of Phage-Antibiotic Combinations Against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates." Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 14, no. 1: 1.

Review
Published: 18 April 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Rhizosphere-resident fungi that are helpful to plants are generally termed as ‘plant growth promoting fungi’ (PGPF). These fungi are one of the chief sources of the biotic inducers known to give their host plants numerous advantages, and they play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. Today’s biggest challenge is to satisfy the rising demand for crop protection and crop yield without harming the natural ecosystem. Nowadays, PGPF has become an eco-friendly way to improve crop yield by enhancing seed germination, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll production, and fruit yield, etc., either directly or indirectly. The mode of action of these PGPF includes the solubilization and mineralization of the essential micro- and macronutrients needed by plants to regulate the balance for various plant processes. PGPF produce defense-related enzymes, defensive/volatile compounds, and phytohormones that control pathogenic microbes’ growth, thereby assisting the plants in facing various biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review presents a holistic view of PGPF as efficient natural biofertilizers to improve crop plants’ growth and resistance.

ACS Style

Mahadevamurthy Murali; Banu Naziya; Mohammad Ansari; Mohammad Alomary; Sami AlYahya; Ahmad Almatroudi; M. Thriveni; Hittanahallikoppal Gowtham; Sudarshana Singh; Mohammed Aiyaz; Nataraj Kalegowda; Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi; Kestur Amruthesh. Bioprospecting of Rhizosphere-Resident Fungi: Their Role and Importance in Sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 314 .

AMA Style

Mahadevamurthy Murali, Banu Naziya, Mohammad Ansari, Mohammad Alomary, Sami AlYahya, Ahmad Almatroudi, M. Thriveni, Hittanahallikoppal Gowtham, Sudarshana Singh, Mohammed Aiyaz, Nataraj Kalegowda, Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi, Kestur Amruthesh. Bioprospecting of Rhizosphere-Resident Fungi: Their Role and Importance in Sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (4):314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahadevamurthy Murali; Banu Naziya; Mohammad Ansari; Mohammad Alomary; Sami AlYahya; Ahmad Almatroudi; M. Thriveni; Hittanahallikoppal Gowtham; Sudarshana Singh; Mohammed Aiyaz; Nataraj Kalegowda; Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi; Kestur Amruthesh. 2021. "Bioprospecting of Rhizosphere-Resident Fungi: Their Role and Importance in Sustainable Agriculture." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4: 314.

Original research
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Inflammation Research
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The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of methanolic FSE and its possible molecular mechanism of action in breast cancer cells.

ACS Style

Faris A Alrumaihi; Masood A Khan; Khaled S Allemailem; Mohammed A Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Hina Younus; Sultan A Alsuhaibani; Mohammad Algahtani; Arif Khan. Methanolic Fenugreek Seed Extract Induces p53-Dependent Mitotic Catastrophe in Breast Cancer Cells, Leading to Apoptosis. Journal of Inflammation Research 2021, ume 14, 1511 -1535.

AMA Style

Faris A Alrumaihi, Masood A Khan, Khaled S Allemailem, Mohammed A Alsahli, Ahmad Almatroudi, Hina Younus, Sultan A Alsuhaibani, Mohammad Algahtani, Arif Khan. Methanolic Fenugreek Seed Extract Induces p53-Dependent Mitotic Catastrophe in Breast Cancer Cells, Leading to Apoptosis. Journal of Inflammation Research. 2021; ume 14 ():1511-1535.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faris A Alrumaihi; Masood A Khan; Khaled S Allemailem; Mohammed A Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Hina Younus; Sultan A Alsuhaibani; Mohammad Algahtani; Arif Khan. 2021. "Methanolic Fenugreek Seed Extract Induces p53-Dependent Mitotic Catastrophe in Breast Cancer Cells, Leading to Apoptosis." Journal of Inflammation Research ume 14, no. : 1511-1535.

Original research
Published: 01 April 2021 in Infection and Drug Resistance
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Azoles are the most common antifungal drugs used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The frequency of azole-resistant Candida isolates has increased dramatically in the last two decades. Here, we assessed the antifungal activity of a combination of fluconazole (FLZ) and methanolic extract of ginger (Meth-Gin) against drug-resistant vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in a murine model. The in vitro activity of FLZ or a combination of FLZ and Meth-Gin was determined against Candida albicans by the agar well diffusion, macrodilution, time-kill and the biofilm eradication methods. The therapeutic efficacy of the formulations was assessed by analyzing the fungal load, pro-inflammatory cytokines, percent apoptotic cells and the histological changes in the vaginal tissues of the mice. Moreover, the renal toxicity the drug formulation was evaluated by analyzing the levels of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The results of in vitro study demonstrated that FLZ did not show any activity against C. albicans, whereas a combination of FLZ and Meth-Gin demonstrated greater activity as shown by the data of the zone of growth inhibition, MIC and time-kill assay. FLZ or Meth-Gin treatment could not completely cure VVC, whereas a combination of FLZ and Meth-Gin was greatly effective in the treatment of VVC. The vaginal tissue from mice of the infected control group had the highest fungal load of 155370 ± 20617 CFUs. Treatment with FLZ at a dose of 40 mg/kg reduced the fungal load to 120863 ± 10723 CFUs. Interestingly, the mice treated with a combination of FLZ (40 mg/kg) and Meth-Gin (200 mg/kg) had a fungal load of 256 ± 152 CFUs. Besides, FLZ and Meth-Gin combination effectively reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17) and the percentage of apoptotic cells in the vaginal tissues. Likewise, the histological analysis revealed the epithelial necrosis, shedding and ulceration in the vaginal tissue, whereas treatment with FLZ and Meth-Gin combination reversed the histopathological changes in the vaginal epithelium and lamina propria. The findings of the current study suggest that the co-administration of Meth-Gin and FLZ may have a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of azole-resistant candidiasis.

ACS Style

Arif Khan; Mohd Azam; Khaled S Allemailem; Faris Alrumaihi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Fahad A Alhumaydhi; Hafiz Iqtidar Ahmad; Masih Uzzaman Khan; Masood Alam Khan. Coadministration of Ginger Extract and Fluconazole Shows a Synergistic Effect in the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Infection and Drug Resistance 2021, ume 14, 1585 -1599.

AMA Style

Arif Khan, Mohd Azam, Khaled S Allemailem, Faris Alrumaihi, Ahmad Almatroudi, Fahad A Alhumaydhi, Hafiz Iqtidar Ahmad, Masih Uzzaman Khan, Masood Alam Khan. Coadministration of Ginger Extract and Fluconazole Shows a Synergistic Effect in the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2021; ume 14 ():1585-1599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arif Khan; Mohd Azam; Khaled S Allemailem; Faris Alrumaihi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Fahad A Alhumaydhi; Hafiz Iqtidar Ahmad; Masih Uzzaman Khan; Masood Alam Khan. 2021. "Coadministration of Ginger Extract and Fluconazole Shows a Synergistic Effect in the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Vulvovaginal Candidiasis." Infection and Drug Resistance ume 14, no. : 1585-1599.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2021 in Vaccines
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic and acute hepatitis infections. As there is extreme variability in the HCV genome, no approved HCV vaccine has been available so far. An effective polypeptide vaccine based on the functionally conserved epitopes will be greatly helpful in curing disease. For this purpose, an immuno-informatics study is performed based on the published HCV subtype-3a from Pakistan. First, the virus genome was translated to a polyprotein followed by a subsequent prediction of T-cell epitopes. Non-allergenic, IFN-γ producer, and antigenic epitopes were shortlisted, including 5 HTL epitopes and 4 CTL, which were linked to the final vaccine by GPGPG and AAY linkers, respectively. Beta defensin was included as an adjuvant through the EAAAK linker to improve the immunogenicity of the polypeptide. To ensure its safety and immunogenicity profile, antigenicity, allergenicity, and various physiochemical attributes of the polypeptide were evaluated. Molecular docking was conducted between TLR4 and vaccine to evaluate the binding affinity and molecular interactions. For stability assessment and binding of the vaccine-TLR4 docked complex, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MMGBSA binding free-energy analyses were conducted. Finally, the candidate vaccine was cloned in silico to ensure its effectiveness. The current vaccine requires future experimental confirmation to validate its effectiveness. The vaccine construct produced might be useful in providing immune protection against HCV-related infections.

ACS Style

Sajjad Ahmad; Farah Shahid; Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar; Habib Rehman; Sumra Abbasi; Wasim Sajjad; Saba Ismail; Faris Alrumaihi; Khaled Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Hafiz Ullah Saeed. Immuno-Informatics Analysis of Pakistan-Based HCV Subtype-3a for Chimeric Polypeptide Vaccine Design. Vaccines 2021, 9, 293 .

AMA Style

Sajjad Ahmad, Farah Shahid, Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar, Habib Rehman, Sumra Abbasi, Wasim Sajjad, Saba Ismail, Faris Alrumaihi, Khaled Allemailem, Ahmad Almatroudi, Hafiz Ullah Saeed. Immuno-Informatics Analysis of Pakistan-Based HCV Subtype-3a for Chimeric Polypeptide Vaccine Design. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (3):293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sajjad Ahmad; Farah Shahid; Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar; Habib Rehman; Sumra Abbasi; Wasim Sajjad; Saba Ismail; Faris Alrumaihi; Khaled Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Hafiz Ullah Saeed. 2021. "Immuno-Informatics Analysis of Pakistan-Based HCV Subtype-3a for Chimeric Polypeptide Vaccine Design." Vaccines 9, no. 3: 293.

Original research
Published: 01 March 2021 in Infection and Drug Resistance
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Background and Aim: The extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), as well as carbapenemases, are considered as the foremost resistance determinants throughout the world. However, the relevant data especially related to the sequence types of ESBL and carbapenemases producing Escherichia coli from the poultry is limited from Pakistan. Here, we present the data on the genetic diversity of E. coli strains isolated from the poultry birds from the poultry farms located in Islamabad, Pakistan, and the underlying resistance mechanisms to beta-lactam agents. Methods: Of 250 broilers from 25 different farms (10 birds from each farm), the cecal samples were obtained and analyzed for the presence of ESBLs producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) as well as carbapenemases producing E. coli (CPEc) strains using selective agar for ESBL and carbapenemases screening. The susceptibility profiling of the ESBL-Ec and CPEc isolates was evaluated followed by multi-locus sequence typing. Results: A total of 119 strains were positive for ESBL production whereas 37 strains were found positive to produce carbapenemases in addition to ESBLs. The MLST analysis has shown a diversity of isolates as the E. coli isolates from poultry birds correspond to a total of 16 sequence types (STs). The ST131 (22/48, 46%) followed by ST8051 (10/48, 21%) were the main STs in this study. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in all the poultry E. coli strains whereas the blaTEM was found in 45.5% of strains. The blaVIM was found in all 37 CPEc isolates whereas the blaNDM and blaIMP were found in 31/37 (83.8%) and 16/37 (43.2%) CPEc isolates respectively. Conclusion: The overall results have shown the prevalence of diverse genotypes among the ESBL-Ec and carbapenemase-producing E. coli (CPEC) from poultry. Furthermore, the study documents poultry birds as a persisting reservoir of extensively antimicrobial-resistant E. coli ST131 in Pakistan, suggesting a potential threat to public health.

ACS Style

Sana Ilyas; Muhammad Hidayat Rasool; Muhammad Javed Arshed; Muhammad Usman Qamar; Bilal Aslam; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohsin Khurshid. The Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Carbapenemases Genes from Poultry Birds. Infection and Drug Resistance 2021, ume 14, 805 -813.

AMA Style

Sana Ilyas, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool, Muhammad Javed Arshed, Muhammad Usman Qamar, Bilal Aslam, Ahmad Almatroudi, Mohsin Khurshid. The Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Carbapenemases Genes from Poultry Birds. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2021; ume 14 ():805-813.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sana Ilyas; Muhammad Hidayat Rasool; Muhammad Javed Arshed; Muhammad Usman Qamar; Bilal Aslam; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohsin Khurshid. 2021. "The Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Carbapenemases Genes from Poultry Birds." Infection and Drug Resistance ume 14, no. : 805-813.