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Dr. Arshad Husain Rahmani
Qassim University, KSA.

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0 Cancer
0 Immunohistochemistry
0 Pathology
0 antioxidant
0 natural product

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Cells
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Macrophage polarization and infiltration to the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determining factor for tumor progression. Macrophages are polarized into two states—M1 (pro-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic and stimulated by LPS or IFN-γ) and M2 (anti-inflammatory pro-tumorigenic and stimulated by IL-4) phenotypes. Specifically, M2 macrophages enhance tumor cell growth and survival. Recent evidences suggest the pivotal role of microRNAs in macrophage polarization during the development of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), thus proposing a new therapeutic option to target lung cancer. In silico analysis determined cogent upregulation of KLF4, downregulation of IL-1β and miR-34a-5p in NSCLC tissues, consequently worsening the overall survival of NSCLC patients. We observed a significant association of KLF4 with macrophage infiltration and polarization in NSCLC. We found that KLF4 is critically implicated in M2 polarization of macrophages, which, in turn, promotes tumorigenesis. KLF4 expression correlated with miR-34a-5p and IL-1β in a feed-forward loop (FFL), both of which are implicated in immune regulation. Mechanistic overexpression of miR-34a-5p in macrophages (IL-4 stimulated) inhibits KLF4, along with downregulation of ARG1, REL-1MB (M2 macrophage specific markers), and upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, (M1 macrophage specific markers), demonstrating macrophage polarization switch from M2 to M1 phenotype. Moreover, co-culture of these macrophages with NSCLC cells reduces their proliferation, wound healing, clonogenic capacity and enhanced NO-mediated apoptosis. Further, transfection of miR-34a-5p in NSCLC cells, also degrades KLF4, but enhances the expression of KLF4 regulated genes—IL-1β, IL-6 (pro-inflammatory mediators), which is further enhanced upon co-culture with IL-4 stimulated macrophages. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in i-NOS/NO content upon co-culture, suggesting polarization reversion of macrophages from M2 to M1, and eventually leading to anti-tumor effects. Our findings thus show a significant role of KLF4 in tumorigenesis and TAM polarization of NSCLC. However, miR-34a-5p mediated targeting of these molecular networks will provide a better therapeutic intervention for NSCLC.

ACS Style

Shweta Arora; Prithvi Singh; Shaniya Ahmad; Tanveer Ahmad; Ravins Dohare; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Mansoor Ali Syed. Comprehensive Integrative Analysis Reveals the Association of KLF4 with Macrophage Infiltration and Polarization in Lung Cancer Microenvironment. Cells 2021, 10, 2091 .

AMA Style

Shweta Arora, Prithvi Singh, Shaniya Ahmad, Tanveer Ahmad, Ravins Dohare, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Faris Alrumaihi, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Mansoor Ali Syed. Comprehensive Integrative Analysis Reveals the Association of KLF4 with Macrophage Infiltration and Polarization in Lung Cancer Microenvironment. Cells. 2021; 10 (8):2091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shweta Arora; Prithvi Singh; Shaniya Ahmad; Tanveer Ahmad; Ravins Dohare; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Mansoor Ali Syed. 2021. "Comprehensive Integrative Analysis Reveals the Association of KLF4 with Macrophage Infiltration and Polarization in Lung Cancer Microenvironment." Cells 10, no. 8: 2091.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2021 in Biology
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, with 90% of predilections occurring for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancers of the mouth account for 40% of head and neck cancers, including squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, lips, hard and soft palate, and gingival. OSCC is the most devastating and commonly occurring oral malignancy, with a mortality rate of 500,000 deaths per year. This has imposed a strong necessity to discover driver genes responsible for its progression and malignancy. In the present study we filtered oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples from TCGA-HNSC cohort, which we followed by constructing a weighted PPI network based on the survival of patients and the expression profiles of samples collected from them. We found a total of 46 modules, with 18 modules having more than five edges. The KM and ME analyses revealed a single module (with 12 genes) as significant in the training and test datasets. The genes from this significant module were subjected to pathway enrichment analysis for identification of significant pathways and involved genes. Finally, the overlapping genes between gene sets ranked on the basis of weighted PPI module centralities (i.e., degree and eigenvector), significant pathway genes, and DEGs from a microarray OSCC dataset were considered as OSCC-specific hub genes. These hub genes were clinically validated using the IHC images available from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database.

ACS Style

Prithvi Singh; Arpita Rai; Amit Verma; Mohammed Alsahli; Arshad Rahmani; Saleh Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Kapil Dev; Anuradha Sinha; Shweta Sankhwar; Ravins Dohare. Survival-Based Biomarker Module Identification Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Biology 2021, 10, 760 .

AMA Style

Prithvi Singh, Arpita Rai, Amit Verma, Mohammed Alsahli, Arshad Rahmani, Saleh Almatroodi, Faris Alrumaihi, Kapil Dev, Anuradha Sinha, Shweta Sankhwar, Ravins Dohare. Survival-Based Biomarker Module Identification Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Biology. 2021; 10 (8):760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prithvi Singh; Arpita Rai; Amit Verma; Mohammed Alsahli; Arshad Rahmani; Saleh Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Kapil Dev; Anuradha Sinha; Shweta Sankhwar; Ravins Dohare. 2021. "Survival-Based Biomarker Module Identification Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)." Biology 10, no. 8: 760.

Review article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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With over a million deaths every year around the world, lung cancer is found to be the most recurrent cancer among all types. Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) amounts to about 85% of the entire cases. The other 15% owes it to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Despite decades of research, the prognosis for NSCLC patients is poorly understood with treatment options limited. First, this article emphasises on the part that tumour microenvironment (TME) and its constituents play in lung cancer progression. This review also highlights the inflammatory (pro- or anti-) roles of different cytokines (ILs, TGF-β, and TNF-α) and chemokine (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) families in the lung TME, provoking tumour growth and subsequent metastasis. The write-up also pinpoints recent developments in the field of chemokine biology. Additionally, it covers the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as alternate carriers of cytokines and chemokines. This allows the cytokines/chemokines to modulate the EVs for their secretion, trafficking, and aid in cancer proliferation. In the end, this review also stresses on the role of these factors as prognostic biomarkers for lung immunotherapy, apart from focusing on inflammatory actions of these chemoattractants.

ACS Style

Sowmya Ramachandran; Amit K. Verma; Kapil Dev; Yamini Goyal; Deepti Bhatt; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Naushad Ahmad Khan. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, 2021, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Sowmya Ramachandran, Amit K. Verma, Kapil Dev, Yamini Goyal, Deepti Bhatt, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Ahmad Almatroudi, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Faris Alrumaihi, Naushad Ahmad Khan. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2021; 2021 ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sowmya Ramachandran; Amit K. Verma; Kapil Dev; Yamini Goyal; Deepti Bhatt; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Faris Alrumaihi; Naushad Ahmad Khan. 2021. "Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Cardiology Research and Practice
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The present study aimed at investigating the 4G/5G and -844G/A polymorphisms and plasma concentration of PAI-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic stable angina (CSA) in Indian population. It included 100 patients with AMI and stable angina and 100 healthy controls. All study subjects were typed for two PAI polymorphisms (4G/5G and -844G/A) through PCR-RFLP and level of PAI through ELISA. The comparison of AMI and CSA independently with control in terms of PAI-1 level was statistically significant but not between AMI and CSA. The frequency of 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotype and 4G allele was significantly higher in AMI cases than in control and was found to increase the risk of AMI. There was a significant relationship between 4G/5G polymorphism and AMI risk under the dominant and codominant genotype. The frequency of 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele was significantly higher in CSA cases than in control group and increases the risk of CSA. There was no significant association between 4G/5G polymorphism and CSA risk under recessive, dominant, and codominant models. The genotype and allelic frequencies difference between the cases (AMI and CSA) and control with regard to -844G/A polymorphisms were statistically nonsignificant. Also, we did not detect any significant association of -844G/A polymorphism with AMI and CSA in recessive, dominant, and codominant models. Along with the traditional risk factors, the 4G/5G allele polymorphism is an independent risk factor for the development of AMI. The detection of 4G/5G allele may therefore be helpful in primary prevention. Patients who carry the 4G/5G allele polymorphism have high concentrations of PAI-1, which might be involved in incidents leading to AMI. The present study for the first time revealed significant association of 4G/5G allele polymorphism with high risk of AMI in Indian population and will be helpful in identifying the genetic risk factors associated with AMI and CSA and for better management of diagnostic measures.

ACS Style

Sunil Kumar; Amit Kumar Verma; Vinay Sagar; Ravi Ranjan; Rahul Sharma; Preeti Tomar; Deepti Bhatt; Yamini Goyal; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Faris Alrumaihi; Khursheed Muzammil; Kapil Dev; Rakesh Yadav; Renu Saxena. Genotype Variations and Association between PAI-1 Promoter Region (4G/5G and -844G/A) and Susceptibility to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Stable Angina. Cardiology Research and Practice 2021, 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Sunil Kumar, Amit Kumar Verma, Vinay Sagar, Ravi Ranjan, Rahul Sharma, Preeti Tomar, Deepti Bhatt, Yamini Goyal, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Ahmad Almatroudi, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Faris Alrumaihi, Khursheed Muzammil, Kapil Dev, Rakesh Yadav, Renu Saxena. Genotype Variations and Association between PAI-1 Promoter Region (4G/5G and -844G/A) and Susceptibility to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Stable Angina. Cardiology Research and Practice. 2021; 2021 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunil Kumar; Amit Kumar Verma; Vinay Sagar; Ravi Ranjan; Rahul Sharma; Preeti Tomar; Deepti Bhatt; Yamini Goyal; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Faris Alrumaihi; Khursheed Muzammil; Kapil Dev; Rakesh Yadav; Renu Saxena. 2021. "Genotype Variations and Association between PAI-1 Promoter Region (4G/5G and -844G/A) and Susceptibility to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Stable Angina." Cardiology Research and Practice 2021, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
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Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous allergic respiratory disease with diverse inflammatory symptoms, pathology, and responses to treatment. Thyme is a natural product which is consisted of multiple phenolic compounds of therapeutic significance for treatment of cough and bronchitis. This study evaluated the efficacy of thyme oil against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BA in an experimental rabbit model. Forty male rabbits were divided into four equal groups [control group (G1), OVA (G2), thyme oil (G3), and OVA plus thyme oil (G4)]. Animals were treated for 30 days, and clinical, histopathological (HP), histochemical (HC), immunohistochemical (IHC), morphometric, biochemical and flow cytometry methods were performed, followed by statistical analysis. All used methods revealed normal structure of the lung tissues in rabbits of G1 and G3. In contrast, the clinical examination of G2 rabbits revealed an obvious increase in the respiratory rate, sneezing and wheezing, whereas the HP, HC and IHC techniques exhibited substantial inflammatory changes in the peribronchio-vascular lung tissues with thinning, degeneration, apoptosis (using the TUNEL assay), necrosis, and shedding of the airway epithelium. Furthermore, the morphometric results confirmed significant increases in the numbers of inflammatory cells, goblet cells, eosinophils and apoptotic cells from (12, 0, 2, 2 cells) to (34,10, 16, 18 cells) respectively, as well as the area percentage of collagen fiber deposition and immunoexpression of eotaxin-1/10 high power fields. Additionally, the biochemical results revealed significant increases in the serum levels of TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IgE and eotaxin-1 cytokines from (140, 40, 15, 38, 120, 100, 48) pg./ml to (360, 270, 130, 85, 365, 398, 110) pg./ml respectively, while analysis of ROS by flow cytometry revealed remarkable oxidative stress effects in G2 rabbits. On the other hand, treatment of rabbits with thyme oil in G4 substantially alleviated all OVA-induced alterations. Overall, our findings indicate for the first time that thyme oil can ameliorate OVA-induced BA via its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects on the lung tissues of rabbits.

ACS Style

Ayman M. Mousa; Ahmad Almatroudi; Ameen S. Alwashmi; Waleed Al Abdulmonem; Abdullah S.M. Aljohani; Fahad A. Alhumaydhi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Faris Alrumaihi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif; Arif Khan; Masood A. Khan; Fahad M. Alshabrmi; Abdulmohsen Alruwetei; Mohammad Aljasir; Faris F. Aba Alkhayl; Arshad H. Rahmani; Osamah Al Rugaie; Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan; Suliman A. Alsagaby; Fahad M. Aldakheel; Saleh A. Almatroodi. Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2021, 140, 111726 .

AMA Style

Ayman M. Mousa, Ahmad Almatroudi, Ameen S. Alwashmi, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Abdullah S.M. Aljohani, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Faris Alrumaihi, Khaled S. Allemailem, Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif, Arif Khan, Masood A. Khan, Fahad M. Alshabrmi, Abdulmohsen Alruwetei, Mohammad Aljasir, Faris F. Aba Alkhayl, Arshad H. Rahmani, Osamah Al Rugaie, Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan, Suliman A. Alsagaby, Fahad M. Aldakheel, Saleh A. Almatroodi. Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021; 140 ():111726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayman M. Mousa; Ahmad Almatroudi; Ameen S. Alwashmi; Waleed Al Abdulmonem; Abdullah S.M. Aljohani; Fahad A. Alhumaydhi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Faris Alrumaihi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif; Arif Khan; Masood A. Khan; Fahad M. Alshabrmi; Abdulmohsen Alruwetei; Mohammad Aljasir; Faris F. Aba Alkhayl; Arshad H. Rahmani; Osamah Al Rugaie; Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan; Suliman A. Alsagaby; Fahad M. Aldakheel; Saleh A. Almatroodi. 2021. "Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 140, no. : 111726.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Molecules
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Benzopyrene [B(a)P] is a well-recognized environmental carcinogen, which promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and other metabolic complications. In the current study, the therapeutic effects of thymoquinone (TQ) against B(a)P-induced lung injury in experimental rats were examined. B(a)P used at 50 mg/kg b.w. induced lung injury that was investigated via the evaluation of lipid profile, inflammatory markers, nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. B(a)P also led to a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) (34.3 vs. 58.5 U/mg protein), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (42.4 vs. 72.8 U/mg protein), catalase (CAT) (21.2 vs. 30.5 U/mg protein), and total antioxidant capacity compared to normal animals. Treatment with TQ, used at 50 mg/kg b.w., led to a significant reduction in triglycerides (TG) (196.2 vs. 233.7 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC) (107.2 vs. 129.3 mg/dL), and inflammatory markers and increased the antioxidant enzyme level in comparison with the group that was administered B(a)P only (p< 0.05). B(a)P administration led to the thickening of lung epithelium, increased inflammatory cell infiltration, damaged lung tissue architecture, and led to accumulation of collagen fibres as studied through haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Sirius red, and Masson’s trichrome staining. Moreover, the recognition of apoptotic nuclei and expression pattern of NF-κB were evaluated through the TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The histopathological changes were found to be considerably low in the TQ-treated animal group. The TUNEL-positive cells increased significantly in the B(a)P-induced group, whereas the TQ-treated group showed a decreased apoptosis rate. Significantly high cytoplasmic expression of NF-κB in the B(a)P-induced group was seen, and this expression was prominently reduced in the TQ-treated group. Our results suggest that TQ can be used in the protection against benzopyrene-caused lung injury.

ACS Style

Mohammad Alzohairy; Amjad Khan; Mohammed Alsahli; Saleh Almatroodi; Arshad Rahmani. Protective Effects of Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa, on Rats with Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Lung Injury through Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules 2021, 26, 3218 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Alzohairy, Amjad Khan, Mohammed Alsahli, Saleh Almatroodi, Arshad Rahmani. Protective Effects of Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa, on Rats with Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Lung Injury through Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules. 2021; 26 (11):3218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Alzohairy; Amjad Khan; Mohammed Alsahli; Saleh Almatroodi; Arshad Rahmani. 2021. "Protective Effects of Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa, on Rats with Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Lung Injury through Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation." Molecules 26, no. 11: 3218.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Background: Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic that is widely used to treat many Gram-negative bacteria, such as those involved in urinary tract infections. However, being nephrotoxic, GM dose adjustment and reno-protective elements must be concurrently administered with GM to minimize kidney damage. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a promising therapeutic substance, that is being extensively studied in many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, hypertension, and others. The powerful antioxidant properties of TQ may greatly help in minimizing GM nephrotoxicity. Metformin (MF) is a well-known, clinically approved oral hypoglycaemic drug that has many other actions, including antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible antioxidant and reno-protective effects of TQ and metformin in GM-induced nephrotoxicity in the same model (rats) at the same time. In addition, we aimed to further understand the effects underlying GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Twenty male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: the first group (control) received distilled water; the second group received GM only; the third group received concurrent oral TQ and GM; and the fourth group received concurrent oral MF and GM. After 4 weeks, renal function and histopathology, as well as levels of the oxidative markers glutathione peroxidase-1 (GLPX1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney tissues, were assessed. Results: Compared with the control group, and as expected, the GM-injected rats showed significant biochemical and histological changes denoting renal damage. Compared with GM-injected rats, the concurrent administration of TQ with GM significantly reduced the levels of serum creatinine, serum urea, and tissue MDA and significantly increased the levels of GLPX1 and SOD. Concurrent metformin administration with GM significantly increased the levels of both GLPX1 and SOD and significantly decreased the levels of tissue MDA but had no significant effect on serum creatinine and urea levels. Compared with GM-injected rats, the addition of either TQ or MF resulted in a reduction in endothelial proliferation and mesangial hypercellularity. Conclusions: Both TQ and MF effectively alleviated the oxidative stress in GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, with TQ but not MF producing a complete reno-protective effect. Further studies for evaluation of different reno-protective mechanisms of TQ should be conducted.

ACS Style

Mansour Alsharidah; Abdel-Moneim Abdel-Moneim; Ashwag Alsharidah; Mugahid Mobark; Arshad Rahmani; Ahmed Shata; Ahmed Abdellatif; Mahmoud El-Readi; Khalid Mohany; Osamah Al Rugaie. Thymoquinone, but Not Metformin, Protects against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Renal Dysfunction in Rats. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3981 .

AMA Style

Mansour Alsharidah, Abdel-Moneim Abdel-Moneim, Ashwag Alsharidah, Mugahid Mobark, Arshad Rahmani, Ahmed Shata, Ahmed Abdellatif, Mahmoud El-Readi, Khalid Mohany, Osamah Al Rugaie. Thymoquinone, but Not Metformin, Protects against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Renal Dysfunction in Rats. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3981.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mansour Alsharidah; Abdel-Moneim Abdel-Moneim; Ashwag Alsharidah; Mugahid Mobark; Arshad Rahmani; Ahmed Shata; Ahmed Abdellatif; Mahmoud El-Readi; Khalid Mohany; Osamah Al Rugaie. 2021. "Thymoquinone, but Not Metformin, Protects against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Renal Dysfunction in Rats." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3981.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder that results in dysfunction and failure of various organs. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of Thymoquinone (TQ), on antidiabetic, oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory activities in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (55 mg/kg b.w) diabetic rats. TQ was orally given for 8 consecutive weeks at dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. The blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver function enzymes, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels were measured accordingly in control, diabetes control (DC), and TQ-treatment groups. These experiments confirmed that TQ conserves the insulin level (0.4 ng/mL vs. 0.23 ng/mL), fasting blood glucose (146 ± 7 mg/dL vs. 225 ± 5 mg/dL), and HbA1c (7.5% vs. 10.6%) quite considerably as compared to DC animals. Our results also confirmed that TQ treatment conserves the body weight and lipid profile significantly in STZ-treated animals as compared to the DC group. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, GST, and CAT) levels decreased, liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6) increased by STZ treatment, that is significantly restored after TQ treatment. As compared to untreated animals, TQ restored the hepatocytes architectural changes and collagen fibers and cox-2 protein expression in liver tissues as evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining. Taken together, all these findings indicated that TQ ameliorates glucose level and lipid metabolism. It restores liver function, antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory markers, and maintains hepatocytes architecture in STZ-induced diabetes mellitus rats. Here, in this study, we have demonstrated for the first time the role of TQ in the reduction of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and fibrosis formation in diabetic rats. Based on the findings, the study suggests that TQ is a novel natural drug with a wide range of clinical applications including the management of diabetes mellitus.

ACS Style

Saleh Almatroodi; Abdullah Alnuqaydan; Mohammed Alsahli; Amjad Khan; Arshad Rahmani. Thymoquinone, the Most Prominent Constituent of Nigella Sativa, Attenuates Liver Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Protein Expression. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3223 .

AMA Style

Saleh Almatroodi, Abdullah Alnuqaydan, Mohammed Alsahli, Amjad Khan, Arshad Rahmani. Thymoquinone, the Most Prominent Constituent of Nigella Sativa, Attenuates Liver Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Protein Expression. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saleh Almatroodi; Abdullah Alnuqaydan; Mohammed Alsahli; Amjad Khan; Arshad Rahmani. 2021. "Thymoquinone, the Most Prominent Constituent of Nigella Sativa, Attenuates Liver Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Protein Expression." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3223.

Review
Published: 01 March 2021 in Molecules
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Polyphenolic flavonoids are considered natural, non-toxic chemopreventers, which are most commonly derived from plants, fruits, and vegetables. Most of these polyphenolics exhibit remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Quercetin (Qu) is a chief representative of these polyphenolic compounds, which exhibits excellent antioxidant and anticancer potential, and has attracted the attention of researchers working in the area of cancer biology. Qu can regulate numerous tumor-related activities, such as oxidative stress, angiogenesis, cell cycle, tumor necrosis factor, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The anticancer properties of Qu mainly occur through the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), apoptosis, phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (P13K)/Akt (proteinase-kinase B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase)/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. The anticancer potential of Qu is documented in numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, involving several animal models and cell lines. Remarkably, this phytochemical possesses toxic activities against cancerous cells only, with limited toxic effects on normal cells. In this review, we present extensive research investigations aimed to discuss the therapeutic potential of Qu in the management of different types of cancers. The anticancer potential of Qu is specifically discussed by focusing its ability to target specific molecular signaling, such as p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), VEGF, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. The anticancer potential of Qu has gained remarkable interest, but the exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. However, this natural compound has great pharmacological potential; it is now believed to be a complementary—or alternative—medicine for the prevention and treatment of different cancers.

ACS Style

Saleh Almatroodi; Mohammed Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amit Verma; Abdulaziz Aloliqi; Khaled Allemailem; Amjad Khan; Arshad Rahmani. Potential Therapeutic Targets of Quercetin, a Plant Flavonol, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer through the Modulation of Various Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2021, 26, 1315 .

AMA Style

Saleh Almatroodi, Mohammed Alsahli, Ahmad Almatroudi, Amit Verma, Abdulaziz Aloliqi, Khaled Allemailem, Amjad Khan, Arshad Rahmani. Potential Therapeutic Targets of Quercetin, a Plant Flavonol, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer through the Modulation of Various Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules. 2021; 26 (5):1315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saleh Almatroodi; Mohammed Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amit Verma; Abdulaziz Aloliqi; Khaled Allemailem; Amjad Khan; Arshad Rahmani. 2021. "Potential Therapeutic Targets of Quercetin, a Plant Flavonol, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer through the Modulation of Various Cell Signaling Pathways." Molecules 26, no. 5: 1315.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2021 in Pharmaceutics
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The aim of present study is to investigate the role of 6-gingerol in ameliorating the renal injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The diabetes was induced by using a single dose of freshly prepared STZ (55 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally which causes the degeneration of pancreatic Langerhans islet β-cells. The diabetic rats were treated with oral gavage of 6-gingerol (10 mg/kg b.w.). The treatment plan was continued for 8 weeks successively and the body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were weekly checked. The biochemical parameters like lipid profile, kidney profile, antioxidant enzyme levels, lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory marker levels were investigated after the treatment plant. The pathological condition of kidneys was examined by haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining besides this analysis of NF-κB protein expression by immuno-histochemistry was performed. Some of the major parameters in diabetes control vs. normal control were reported as fasting blood glucose (234 ± 10 vs. 102 ± 8 mg/dL), serum creatinine (109.7 ± 7.2 vs. 78.9 ± 4.5 μmol/L) and urea (39.9 ± 1.8 vs. 18.6 mg/dL), lipid profile levels were significantly enhanced in diabetic rats. Moreover, diabetic rats were marked with decreased antioxidant enzyme levels and increased inflammatory markers. Treatment with 6-gingerol significantly restored the fasting blood glucose level, hyperlipidaemia, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory marker levels, NF-κB protein expression and augmented the antioxidant enzyme levels in the kidneys of diabetic rats. The kidney damage was significantly normalized by the treatment of 6-gingerol and it provides an evidence that this novel compound plays a significant role in the protection of kidney damage. These findings demonstrate that 6-gingerol reduces lipid parameters, inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats, thereby inhibiting the renal damage. Our results demonstrate that use of 6-gingerol could be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent the kidney damage associated with the diabetes mellitus.

ACS Style

Saleh Almatroodi; Abdullah Alnuqaydan; Ali Babiker; Mashael Almogbel; Amjad Khan; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 6-Gingerol, a Bioactive Compound of Ginger Attenuates Renal Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Regulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 317 .

AMA Style

Saleh Almatroodi, Abdullah Alnuqaydan, Ali Babiker, Mashael Almogbel, Amjad Khan, Arshad Husain Rahmani. 6-Gingerol, a Bioactive Compound of Ginger Attenuates Renal Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Regulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13 (3):317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saleh Almatroodi; Abdullah Alnuqaydan; Ali Babiker; Mashael Almogbel; Amjad Khan; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2021. "6-Gingerol, a Bioactive Compound of Ginger Attenuates Renal Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Regulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 3: 317.

Research article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Journal of Oncology
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Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in women worldwide. The present case-control study was aimed to examine the association of BCL-2 (-938C> A), BAX (-248G > A), and HER2 (I655V i.e. A > G) polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in Indian population. This study enrolled 117 breast cancer cases and 104 controls. BCL-2 (-938C > A), BAX (-248G > A), and HER2 Ile655Val polymorphisms were screened by PCR-RFLP method. There was no significance difference in the allelic and genotype frequency of the BCL-2 (-938C > A) and BAX (-248G > A) polymorphisms between cases and controls. In relation to HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism, the statistical analysis of observed genotypic frequencies showed significant association ( p -0.0059). Compared to Ile/Ile (A/A) genotype, frequency of Ile/Val (A/G) genotype was significantly higher among cases than in control group and observed to increase the breast cancer risk (OR, 2.43; 95%CI, 1.32–4.46; p -0.004). The frequency of Val (G) allele was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls (6.83% vs 2.88%, resp.). Compared to Ile (A) allele, significant increase in the risk of breast cancer was observed with Val (G) allele (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.35–3.63; p -0.0016). We observed significant association between HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism and breast cancer risk under the dominant (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.41–4.51; p -0.001) and codominant (OR, 2.24; 95% CI: 1.23–4.09; p-0.008) model. In our study, BCL-2 (-938C > A) and BAX (-248G > A) polymorphism were not found to be associated with breast cancer risk. This present study for the first time shows significant association of HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism with risk of breast cancer in Indian population. Therefore, we suggest that each population need to evaluate its own genetic profile for breast cancer risk that may be helpful for better understanding the racial and geographic differences reported for breast cancer incidence and mortality.

ACS Style

Deepti Bhatt; Amit Kumar Verma; Prahalad Singh Bharti; Yamini Goyal; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Saleh Almatroodi; Prakash C. Joshi; Mohammad Mahtab Alam; Irfan Ahmad; Gaffar Sarwar Zaman; Kapil Dev. BCL-2 (-938C>A), BAX (-248G>A), and HER2 Ile655Val Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Indian Population. Journal of Oncology 2021, 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Deepti Bhatt, Amit Kumar Verma, Prahalad Singh Bharti, Yamini Goyal, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Ahmad Almatroudi, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Saleh Almatroodi, Prakash C. Joshi, Mohammad Mahtab Alam, Irfan Ahmad, Gaffar Sarwar Zaman, Kapil Dev. BCL-2 (-938C>A), BAX (-248G>A), and HER2 Ile655Val Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Indian Population. Journal of Oncology. 2021; 2021 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deepti Bhatt; Amit Kumar Verma; Prahalad Singh Bharti; Yamini Goyal; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Saleh Almatroodi; Prakash C. Joshi; Mohammad Mahtab Alam; Irfan Ahmad; Gaffar Sarwar Zaman; Kapil Dev. 2021. "BCL-2 (-938C>A), BAX (-248G>A), and HER2 Ile655Val Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Indian Population." Journal of Oncology 2021, no. : 1-8.

Review article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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Autophagy, a catabolic process, degrades damaged and defective cellular materials through lysosomes, thus working as a recycling mechanism of the cell. It is an evolutionarily conserved and highly regulated process that plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is constitutively active at the basal level; however, it gets enhanced to meet cellular needs in various stress conditions. The process involves various autophagy-related genes that ultimately lead to the degradation of targeted cytosolic substrates. Many factors modulate both upstream and downstream autophagy pathways like nutritional status, energy level, growth factors, hypoxic conditions, and localization of p53. Any problem in executing autophagy can lead to various pathological conditions including neurodegeneration, aging, and cancer. In cancer, autophagy plays a contradictory role; it inhibits the formation of tumors, whereas, during advanced stages, autophagy promotes tumor progression. Besides, autophagy protects the tumor from various therapies by providing recycled nutrition and energy to the tumor cells. Autophagy is stimulated by tumor suppressor proteins, whereas it gets inhibited by oncogenes. Due to its dynamic and dual role in the pathogenesis of cancer, autophagy provides promising opportunities in developing novel and effective cancer therapies along with managing chemoresistant cancers. In this article, we summarize different strategies that can modulate autophagy in cancer to overcome the major obstacle, i.e., resistance developed in cancer to anticancer therapies.

ACS Style

Amit Kumar Verma; Prahalad Singh Bharti; Sahar Rafat; Deepti Bhatt; Yamini Goyal; Kamlesh Kumar Pandey; Sanjeev Ranjan; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Ahmad Almatroudi; Kapil Dev. Autophagy Paradox of Cancer: Role, Regulation, and Duality. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Amit Kumar Verma, Prahalad Singh Bharti, Sahar Rafat, Deepti Bhatt, Yamini Goyal, Kamlesh Kumar Pandey, Sanjeev Ranjan, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Arshad Husain Rahmani, Ahmad Almatroudi, Kapil Dev. Autophagy Paradox of Cancer: Role, Regulation, and Duality. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2021; 2021 ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amit Kumar Verma; Prahalad Singh Bharti; Sahar Rafat; Deepti Bhatt; Yamini Goyal; Kamlesh Kumar Pandey; Sanjeev Ranjan; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Ahmad Almatroudi; Kapil Dev. 2021. "Autophagy Paradox of Cancer: Role, Regulation, and Duality." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, no. : 1-17.

Research article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Mediators of Inflammation
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Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a well-known hepatocarcinogen, and its oral administration causes severe liver damage including cancer. DEN induces the pathogenesis of the liver through reactive oxygen species mediated inflammation and modulation of various biological activities. 6-Gingerol, a major component of ginger, is reported to prevent liver diseases by reducing the oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of 6-gingerol through the measurement of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory markers, liver function enzyme parameter, and histopathological analysis. The rats were randomly divided into four groups as the control, DEN treated (50 mg/kg b.w.), DEN+6-gingerol (each 50 mg/kg b.w.), and 6-gingerol only. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects, liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), oxidative stress markers (SOD, GSH, GST, and TAC), lipid peroxidation, inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM1), haematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were performed. The results showed a significant increase in liver function enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in the DEN-treated group as compared to the control group. Besides this, altered architecture of hepatocytes (infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, blood vessel dilation, and edema), abundant collagen fiber and organelle structures like distorted shaped and swollen mitochondria, and broken endoplasmic reticulum were noticed. The administration of 6-gingerol significantly ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological changes. The increased expression of TNF-α protein was noticed in the DEN-treated group whereas the administration of 6-gingerol significantly decreased the expression of this protein. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that 6-gingerol may be an alternative therapy for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

ACS Style

Mohammed A. Alsahli; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amjad Ali Khan; Shehwaz Anwar; Abdulmajeed G. Almutary; Faris Alrumaihi; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 6-Gingerol, a Major Ingredient of Ginger Attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mediators of Inflammation 2021, 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Mohammed A. Alsahli, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Ahmad Almatroudi, Amjad Ali Khan, Shehwaz Anwar, Abdulmajeed G. Almutary, Faris Alrumaihi, Arshad Husain Rahmani. 6-Gingerol, a Major Ingredient of Ginger Attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mediators of Inflammation. 2021; 2021 ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed A. Alsahli; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amjad Ali Khan; Shehwaz Anwar; Abdulmajeed G. Almutary; Faris Alrumaihi; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2021. "6-Gingerol, a Major Ingredient of Ginger Attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activity." Mediators of Inflammation 2021, no. : 1-17.

Review
Published: 03 January 2021 in Molecular Biology Reports
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Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are naturally occurring biomolecules formed by interaction of reducing sugars with biomolecules such as protein and lipids etc., Long term high blood sugar level and glycation accelerate the formation of AGEs. Unchecked continuous formation and accumulation of AGEs are potential risks for pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. Current mode of antidiabetic therapy is based on synthetic drugs that are often linked with severe adverse effects. Polyphenolic compounds derived from plants are supposed to inhibit glycation and formation of AGEs at multiple levels. Some polyphenolic compounds regulate the blood glucose metabolism by amplification of cell insulin resistance and activation of insulin like growth factor binding protein signaling pathway. Their antioxidant nature and metal chelating activity, ability to trap intermediate dicarbonyl compounds could be possible mechanisms against glycation and AGEs formation and hence, against AGEs induced health complications. Although, few species of polyphenolic compounds are being used in in vitro trials and their in vivo study is still in progress, increasing the area of research in this field may produce a fruitful approach in management of overall diabetic complications.

ACS Style

Shehwaz Anwar; Shifa Khan; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amjad Ali Khan; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Arshad Husain Rahmani. A review on mechanism of inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation by plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Molecular Biology Reports 2021, 48, 787 -805.

AMA Style

Shehwaz Anwar, Shifa Khan, Ahmad Almatroudi, Amjad Ali Khan, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Arshad Husain Rahmani. A review on mechanism of inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation by plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Molecular Biology Reports. 2021; 48 (1):787-805.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shehwaz Anwar; Shifa Khan; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amjad Ali Khan; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2021. "A review on mechanism of inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation by plant derived polyphenolic compounds." Molecular Biology Reports 48, no. 1: 787-805.

Original article
Published: 01 January 2021 in International Journal of Food Properties
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To investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (T-AgNPs) using leaf extract of Tamarix articulata and their possible role in attenuation of oxidative stress mediated human diseases. T-AgNPs were characterized by several biophysical techniques. Various health beneficial activities were also investigated. The synthesized T-AgNPs showed an absorption peak at 413 nm on UV-Visible spectroscopy indicating the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles. TEM analysis clearly showed that particles were spherical with an average size of about 25 nm. SEM image analysis confirmed the spherical shape of T-AgNPs. T-AgNPs (600 µg/ml) showed effective DPPH scavenging (68.23%), ferric reducing (68.23%), and hydrogen peroxide reducing (70.09%) activities. Besides, T-AgNPs at 600 µg/ml, also showed strong anti-glycating, and AGEs formation inhibitory activities as indicated by reduced browning intensity (51.62%), aggregation index (48.86%), and cross amyloid structures (53.62%) as compared to positive controls (100%). A 600 µg/ml of T-AgNPs was found to have potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity as revealed by albumin denaturation inhibition (73.19%), protease activity inhibition (70.196%), membrane stability against heat (74.16%), and hyposaline (72.98%) induced hemolysis as compared to controls. Altogether, these findings confirm that T-AgNPs can be promising candidates for the development of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing, antiglycating and AGEs inhibitory agents.

ACS Style

Shehwaz Anwar; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Rejo Jacob Joseph; Amjad Ali Khan; Faris Alrumaihi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tamarix articulata leaf extract: an effective approach for attenuation of oxidative stress mediated diseases. International Journal of Food Properties 2021, 24, 677 -701.

AMA Style

Shehwaz Anwar, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Ahmad Almatroudi, Khaled S. Allemailem, Rejo Jacob Joseph, Amjad Ali Khan, Faris Alrumaihi, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Arshad Husain Rahmani. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tamarix articulata leaf extract: an effective approach for attenuation of oxidative stress mediated diseases. International Journal of Food Properties. 2021; 24 (1):677-701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shehwaz Anwar; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Khaled S. Allemailem; Rejo Jacob Joseph; Amjad Ali Khan; Faris Alrumaihi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2021. "Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tamarix articulata leaf extract: an effective approach for attenuation of oxidative stress mediated diseases." International Journal of Food Properties 24, no. 1: 677-701.

Review article
Published: 21 November 2020 in Gene Reports
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Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species have been reported to be implicated in the pathology of several human diseases. Therefore, the supplementation of anti-oxidizing agents is needed to prevent the synthesis, and encounter of the action of these reactive oxygen species inside the human body. Several in vivo as well as in vitro studies have confirmed the therapeutic potential of plants and their products in the management of many health disorders. Cinnamon is one of the most commonly used spices worldwide and is a valuable source of various active antioxidant compounds. The available epidemiological studies have demonstrated the effects of cinnamon consumption on the reduction of risk for development of various diseases. Many valuable properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-microbial, cardio protective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective and lipid lowering activity of cinnamon have been well recognised that might contribute to its various therapeutic potential. Both In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated antidiabetic activities of cinnamon, and further indicated that cinnamon may act as an insulin mimetic, to potentiate insulin activity or to stimulate cellular glucose metabolism. Moreover, cinnamon and its active compounds have been reported to possess anti-tumour activity because of several mechanisms including modulating various cell signaling pathways, induction of apoptosis, downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression, inhibition of angiogenesis and cell cycle arrest. The aim of this review article was to give an overview of the cinnamon and its active compounds role in the health management.

ACS Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Shehwaz Anwar; Amit Kumar Verma; Kapil Dev; Arshad Husain Rahmani. Cinnamon and its active compounds: A potential candidate in disease and tumour management through modulating various genes activity. Gene Reports 2020, 21, 100966 .

AMA Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Ahmad Almatroudi, Shehwaz Anwar, Amit Kumar Verma, Kapil Dev, Arshad Husain Rahmani. Cinnamon and its active compounds: A potential candidate in disease and tumour management through modulating various genes activity. Gene Reports. 2020; 21 ():100966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Ahmad Almatroudi; Shehwaz Anwar; Amit Kumar Verma; Kapil Dev; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2020. "Cinnamon and its active compounds: A potential candidate in disease and tumour management through modulating various genes activity." Gene Reports 21, no. : 100966.

Review
Published: 16 November 2020 in Molecules
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A proper execution of basic cellular functions requires well-controlled homeostasis including correct protein folding. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) implements such functions by protein reshaping and post-translational modifications. Different insults imposed on cells could lead to ER stress-mediated signaling pathways, collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is also closely linked with oxidative stress, which is a common feature of diseases such as stroke, neurodegeneration, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The level of ER stress is higher in cancer cells, indicating that such cells are already struggling to survive. Prolonged ER stress in cancer cells is like an Achilles’ heel, if aggravated by different agents including nanoparticles (NPs) may be exhausted off the pro-survival features and can be easily subjected to proapoptotic mode. Different types of NPs including silver, gold, silica, graphene, etc. have been used to augment the cytotoxicity by promoting ER stress-mediated cell death. The diverse physico-chemical properties of NPs play a great role in their biomedical applications. Some special NPs have been effectively used to address different types of cancers as these particles can be used as both toxicological or therapeutic agents. Several types of NPs, and anticancer drug nano-formulations have been engineered to target tumor cells to enhance their ER stress to promote their death. Therefore, mitigating ER stress in cancer cells in favor of cell death by ER-specific NPs is extremely important in future therapeutics and understanding the underlying mechanism of how cancer cells can respond to NP induced ER stress is a good choice for the development of novel therapeutics. Thus, in depth focus on NP-mediated ER stress will be helpful to boost up developing novel pro-drug candidates for triggering pro-death pathways in different cancers.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali Khan; Khaled S. Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ali Mahzari; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Provocation by Different Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach to Manage the Cancer and Other Common Diseases. Molecules 2020, 25, 5336 .

AMA Style

Amjad Ali Khan, Khaled S. Allemailem, Ahmad Almatroudi, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Ali Mahzari, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Arshad Husain Rahmani. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Provocation by Different Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach to Manage the Cancer and Other Common Diseases. Molecules. 2020; 25 (22):5336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali Khan; Khaled S. Allemailem; Ahmad Almatroudi; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ali Mahzari; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2020. "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Provocation by Different Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach to Manage the Cancer and Other Common Diseases." Molecules 25, no. 22: 5336.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2020 in Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
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Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and the current mode of cancer treatment causes side effects on normal cells and are still the key challenges in its’ treatment. However, natural products or active compounds of medicinal plants have shown to be safe, affordable, and effective in diseases cure. Methods: In this context, scientific studies evidence the health-promoting effects of natural products, which work through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. Thymoquinone (TM), a predominant active compound of Nigella sativa, has confirmed anti-neoplastic activity through its ability to regulate various genetic pathways. In addition, thymoquinone has established anti-cancerous effects through killing of various cancerous cells,and inhibiting the initiation, migration, invasion, and progression of the cancer. The anti-cancer effects of TM are chiefly mediated via regulating various cell signaling pathways such as VEGF, bcl2/bax ratio, p53, NF-kB, and oncogenes. Results: The anti-cancer drugs have limitations in efficacy and also causes adverse side effects on normal cells. The combination of anti-cancer drugs and thymoquinone improves the efficacy of drugs which is evident by decrease resistance to drugs and regulation of various cell signaling pathways. Moreover, combination of anti-cancer drugs as well as thymoquinone shows synergistic effect on killing of cancer cells and cells viability. Thus, TM, in combination with anti-cancer drugs, can be a good strategy in the management of various types of cancer. Conclusion: In this review article, we deliver an outline of thymoquinone role in cancer inhibition and prevention of cancer-based on in vivo and in vitro studies. Further studies on thymoquinone based on clinical trials are highly required to explore the benefits of thymoquinone in cancer management.

ACS Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Amjad Ali Khan; Arshad Husain Rahmani. Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2020, 21, 1028 -1041.

AMA Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi, Ahmad Almatroudi, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Amjad Ali Khan, Arshad Husain Rahmani. Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2020; 21 (11):1028-1041.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi; Ahmad Almatroudi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Amjad Ali Khan; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2020. "Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 11: 1028-1041.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The current study aims to explore the hepatoprotective mechanisms of garlic extract through in vivo and in vitro assays. The in vitro investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential showed maximum 67.5% of free radical scavenging and 71.36% albumin denaturation inhibition by 600 μg/mL garlic extract. To explore the hepatoprotective activity by in vivo experiments, the animals were orally intoxicated with 150 μL of CCl4 (1:1 v/v in olive oil) and treated with garlic extract (75 mg/kg b.w.) 3 times/week, for eight successive weeks. The administration of garlic extract significantly ameliorated CCl4 induced increment in amounts of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate transaminaseas (106.7, 116.3, 136.4 U/L) as compared to disease control which showed increased level (140.5, 156.2, 187.6 U/L). Besides, significant reduction of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and Glutathione (GSH) (29.3, 48.4, and 25.9 U/mg protein) was noticed in CCl4 induced animals, respectively. Likewise, garlic extract treatment facilitated a significant increment in all tested antioxidant enzymes levels (41.6, 63.3, and 32.5 U/mg protein), respectively. Additionally, Tumor necrosis factor⍺ (TNF-⍺), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) level (63.79, 580.2, 18.3, 63.74 and 148.4 pg/mL) were increased significantly in CCl4-induced group, while garlic extract treatment decreased these pro inflammatory marker levels (40.24, 460.4, 15.4, 45.14, and 125.3 pg/mL). The animals exposed to CCl4 showed various types of alterations like lymphocytes infiltration, edema and congestion, while the animals treated with garlic extract plus CCl4 showed amelioration of the hepatocytes architectures. Thus, our finding advocates that the consumption of garlic can be a potential therapeutic remedy in the inhibition of liver ailments.

ACS Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi; Shehwaz Anwar; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amjad Ali Khan; Faris AlRumaihi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani. Hepatoprotective Effects of Garlic Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Hepatocyte Architecture. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6200 .

AMA Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi, Shehwaz Anwar, Ahmad Almatroudi, Amjad Ali Khan, Faris AlRumaihi, Mohammed A. Alsahli, Arshad Husain Rahmani. Hepatoprotective Effects of Garlic Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Hepatocyte Architecture. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (18):6200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saleh A. Almatroodi; Shehwaz Anwar; Ahmad Almatroudi; Amjad Ali Khan; Faris AlRumaihi; Mohammed A. Alsahli; Arshad Husain Rahmani. 2020. "Hepatoprotective Effects of Garlic Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Hepatocyte Architecture." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18: 6200.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Genes
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an outcome of an accelerated immune response that starts initially as a defensive measure, however, due to non-canonical signaling, it later proves to be fatal not only to the affected tissue but to the whole organ system. microRNAs are known for playing a decisive role in regulating the expression of genes involved in diverse functions such as lung development, repair, and inflammation. In-silico analyses of clinical data and microRNA databases predicted a probable interaction between miRNA-34a (miR-34a), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (ERK), and kruppel like factor 4 (Klf4). Parallel to in silico results, here, we show that intra-tracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to mice enhanced miR-34a expression in lung macrophages. Inhibition of miR-34a significantly improved lung histology, whereas over-expression of miR-34a worsened the lung injury phenotype. miR-34a over-expression in macrophages were also demonstrated to favour pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and inhibition of M2 polarization. In a quest to confirm this likely interaction, expression profiles of Klf4 as the putative target were analyzed in different macrophage polarizing conditions. Klf4 expression was found to be prominent in the miR-34a inhibitor-treated group but down-regulated in the miR-34a mimic treated group. Immuno-histopathological analyses of lung tissue from the mice treated with miR-34a inhibitor also showed reduced inflammatory M1 markers as well as enhanced cell proliferation. The present study indicates that miR-34a intensified LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation by regulating Klf4 and macrophage polarization, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for acute lung injury/ARDS.

ACS Style

Mohd Junaid Khan; Prithvi Singh; Ravins Dohare; Rishabh Jha; Arshad H. Rahmani; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Shakir Ali; Mansoor Ali Syed. Inhibition of miRNA-34a Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Improves LPS-Induced Lung Injury by Targeting Klf4. Genes 2020, 11, 966 .

AMA Style

Mohd Junaid Khan, Prithvi Singh, Ravins Dohare, Rishabh Jha, Arshad H. Rahmani, Saleh A. Almatroodi, Shakir Ali, Mansoor Ali Syed. Inhibition of miRNA-34a Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Improves LPS-Induced Lung Injury by Targeting Klf4. Genes. 2020; 11 (9):966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Junaid Khan; Prithvi Singh; Ravins Dohare; Rishabh Jha; Arshad H. Rahmani; Saleh A. Almatroodi; Shakir Ali; Mansoor Ali Syed. 2020. "Inhibition of miRNA-34a Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Improves LPS-Induced Lung Injury by Targeting Klf4." Genes 11, no. 9: 966.