This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Jacques E. Raubenheimer
Translational Australian Clinical Toxicology (TACT) Research Group, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics & Digital Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Clinical research
Published: 25 May 2021 in Clinical Toxicology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

There is growing evidence in the literature that patients’ age is associated with increased risk of death in acute pesticide poisoning. However, few studies have investigated whether the age effect differs between males and females. We aimed to examine the association between age-sex and risk of death in acute pesticide self-poisoning. A prospective cohort of deliberate pesticide-poisoned patients admitted to ten rural Sri Lankan hospitals between March 2002 and December 2019. The pesticide ingested was identified based on identification of container or history. A mixed effects logistic regression was fitted to investigate the effect of age-sex on death in acute pesticide self-poisoning adjusting for clinical symptoms on admission, measured by Glasgow Coma Scale and Poison Severity Score, and controlling for clustering among hospital sites. In total, 201 different pesticides were ingested by patients. 6,643 patients ingested an unknown pesticide. A single pesticide was co-ingested with alcohol by 4,603 patients. Of the 28,303 patients enrolled, 2,028 patients died, resulting in case fatality of 7.2% (95% CI 6.9–7.5). The effect of age on case fatality was stronger for males after 21 years of age. The odds of dying for each 5 years increase in age was 1.26 (95% CI 1.23–1.28) times higher for males versus 1.14 (95% CI 1.10–1.19) times higher for females. Missing data were handled by multiple imputation. Patient’s age-sex are important risk factors for death in acute pesticide self-poisoning even after controlling for clinical effects. The age effect on the odds of dying was significantly different for males and females, with this effect being stronger for males. Given that patient’s age and sex are very easy to collect on admission, our study highlights the need for incorporating these risk factors in policy and clinical decisions.

ACS Style

Firouzeh Noghrehchi; Andrew H. Dawson; Jacques E. Raubenheimer; Nicholas A. Buckley. Role of age-sex as underlying risk factors for death in acute pesticide self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study. Clinical Toxicology 2021, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Firouzeh Noghrehchi, Andrew H. Dawson, Jacques E. Raubenheimer, Nicholas A. Buckley. Role of age-sex as underlying risk factors for death in acute pesticide self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study. Clinical Toxicology. 2021; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Firouzeh Noghrehchi; Andrew H. Dawson; Jacques E. Raubenheimer; Nicholas A. Buckley. 2021. "Role of age-sex as underlying risk factors for death in acute pesticide self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study." Clinical Toxicology , no. : 1-7.

Basic research
Published: 07 May 2021 in Clinical Toxicology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The clinical characteristics following self-poisoning with organophosphorus (OP) insecticides differs according to the insecticide ingested. Phenthoate is a dimethoxy WHO Hazard Class II OP pesticide with limited literature on its clinical characteristics and outcome. We aimed to better understand its clinical characteristics by studying patients with phenthoate self-poisoning in Sri Lanka. We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients presenting with phenthoate self-poisoning to eight hospitals in Sri Lanka between 2002 and 2018. Clinical outcomes were recorded for each patient. Blood samples for measuring plasma phenthoate concentration, cholinesterase activity, and response to oximes were available for a very small number of patients recruited to a clinical trial. Two hundred and ninety-two patients who ingested agricultural phenthoate formulations were included in the study. Median time to admission was 3.9 (IQR 2.4 - 6.8) h. Forty-two (14.4%) patients were intubated, mostly (30/37, 81%) within 24 h of ingestion (median time to intubation 7.2 [IQR 2.6–20.9] h). Median duration of intubation was 74.8 (IQR 26.8–232.5) h; the longest duration in a survivor was 592 h. Nineteen died (case fatality 6.5%, 95% CI 4.0–10.0); median time to death was 37 (IQR 16 - 101.7) h. Median plasma phenthoate concentration in patients with samples (n = 81) was 135 (IQR 62.7–356.5) ng/mL (0.42 µmol/mL [0.2 to 1.1 µmol/mL]). Five of six patients receiving pralidoxime chloride 2 g showed an initial increase in AChE and BuChE activity that was not sustained despite an infusion of pralidoxime. Phenthoate self-poisoning has a 6.5% case fatality rate. Most patients who experience respiratory failure undergo early intubation; most deaths occurred among those patients who were intubated less than 24 h after ingestion. There was a non-sustained increase in cholinesterase activity with pralidoxime, but further studies are required to analyse the extent to which oximes are clinically effective in phenthoate self-poisoning.

ACS Style

Lekaashree Rambabu; Fahim Mohamed; Jeevan Dhanarisi; Indika Gawarammana; Jacques Raubenheimer; Lorraine Mackenzie; Michael S. Roberts; Nicholas Buckley; Michael Eddleston. Acute phenthoate self-poisoning: a prospective case series. Clinical Toxicology 2021, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Lekaashree Rambabu, Fahim Mohamed, Jeevan Dhanarisi, Indika Gawarammana, Jacques Raubenheimer, Lorraine Mackenzie, Michael S. Roberts, Nicholas Buckley, Michael Eddleston. Acute phenthoate self-poisoning: a prospective case series. Clinical Toxicology. 2021; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lekaashree Rambabu; Fahim Mohamed; Jeevan Dhanarisi; Indika Gawarammana; Jacques Raubenheimer; Lorraine Mackenzie; Michael S. Roberts; Nicholas Buckley; Michael Eddleston. 2021. "Acute phenthoate self-poisoning: a prospective case series." Clinical Toxicology , no. : 1-7.

Original software publication
Published: 14 February 2021 in Software Impacts
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Researchers who apply for an API key to the Google Extended Trends for Health API gain access to higher quality Google Trends data than from the Google Trends website but must access the data using Python code customized for each extraction. Researchers can also only access one time-series sample per individual query per day. The Google Trends Extraction Tool provides full access to all the API methods in an Excel-based GUI, requiring only a unique API key from Google. It employs a novel multiple sampling method to circumvent the API limitation, records an audit trail, and automatically plots results.

ACS Style

Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer. Google Trends Extraction Tool for Google Trends Extended for Health data. Software Impacts 2021, 8, 100060 .

AMA Style

Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer. Google Trends Extraction Tool for Google Trends Extended for Health data. Software Impacts. 2021; 8 ():100060.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer. 2021. "Google Trends Extraction Tool for Google Trends Extended for Health data." Software Impacts 8, no. : 100060.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2020 in International Journal of Drug Policy
Reads 0
Downloads 0

New Zealand held a referendum on the legalisation of recreational cannabis in October 2020. Polls preceding the referendum provided contrasting outcomes. We investigated whether internet search data from Google Trends could provide an alternative estimate of the referendum outcome. We assessed various methods for accessing Google Trends data, downloading search probability data for google.com searches from New Zealand via trends.google.com, PyTrends and Google Trends Extended for Health. We used daily data for the three months prior to the final referendum date, and hourly data for the final week. We defined two smaller time frames each from daily and hourly data, allowing comparisons over the entire time frames, and progressively closer to the end. Using the selected keyword combination of ‘cannabis referendum yes/no’ we calculated the proportions of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ searches for each time frame/data source combination, aiming for a prediction within 2% of the final result. Data from different sources varied slightly. The method used to aggregate search probabilities over the selected time frame (mean/median) resulted in changes in the predicted outcome for hourly-, but not daily data. On 20 October we predicted the ‘no’ vote at 51.9%–55.4% for daily-, and 60% for hourly data when aggregated using the median, but only 49% for mean hourly data. Hourly data performed poorly at predicting the final 51.2% ‘no’ result, while predictions based on mean daily data for the full voting period provided the best prediction, differing by 0.1–0.2%. Predictions based on Google Trends data broadly agreed with polling predictions, but the exact method used affected the eventual prediction. While polls are subject to influence from methodological considerations (e.g., sampling), it is clear that Google Trends data can be used to make a prediction, but do not present a magic bullet solution to polling problems.

ACS Style

Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer; Benjamin C. Riordan; Jennifer E. Merrill; Taylor Winter; Rose Marie Ward; Damian Scarf; Nicholas A. Buckley. Hey Google! will New Zealand vote to legalise cannabis? Using Google Trends data to predict the outcome of the 2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum. International Journal of Drug Policy 2020, 90, 103083 .

AMA Style

Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer, Benjamin C. Riordan, Jennifer E. Merrill, Taylor Winter, Rose Marie Ward, Damian Scarf, Nicholas A. Buckley. Hey Google! will New Zealand vote to legalise cannabis? Using Google Trends data to predict the outcome of the 2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2020; 90 ():103083.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer; Benjamin C. Riordan; Jennifer E. Merrill; Taylor Winter; Rose Marie Ward; Damian Scarf; Nicholas A. Buckley. 2020. "Hey Google! will New Zealand vote to legalise cannabis? Using Google Trends data to predict the outcome of the 2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum." International Journal of Drug Policy 90, no. : 103083.

Research article
Published: 30 November 2020 in Journal of Substance Use
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background: This study aims to compare the price difference between the official price for pharmaceutical drugs and the price when sourced from the black market in Australia. Methods: Drug prices recorded on the StreetRx database between 2014 and June 2018 were retrieved and the base pharmacy dispensed price was also retrieved from the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) website. The difference in Australian dollars between the street and base pharmacy dispensed prices for each mg of drug was calculated and the price mark-up per mg for each drug was compared. Results: 2704 reports were made for Australia between 2014 and 2018 on StreetRx. Buprenorphine accounted for 26% of all reports. After the number of reports for each drug was adjusted to their respective defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 persons/day bromazepam was the most commonly reported drug with 413.2 reports per DDD/1000/day, clonazepam (399.9), lisdexamphetamine (177.1) and oxycodone (138.4), respectively. The mark-up on opioids was the highest. Of the opioids, fentanyl’s median price mark-up per mg was the highest (90 AUD). Conclusion: This study has shown that users of prescription medication pay a significant mark-up for those drugs on the street. This is a measure of the perceived value by those misusing drugs.

ACS Style

Oluwaseun Egunsola; Nicholas A. Buckley; Jacques E. Raubenheimer. Price mark-up on the street sales of prescription pharmaceuticals in Australia. Journal of Substance Use 2020, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Oluwaseun Egunsola, Nicholas A. Buckley, Jacques E. Raubenheimer. Price mark-up on the street sales of prescription pharmaceuticals in Australia. Journal of Substance Use. 2020; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oluwaseun Egunsola; Nicholas A. Buckley; Jacques E. Raubenheimer. 2020. "Price mark-up on the street sales of prescription pharmaceuticals in Australia." Journal of Substance Use , no. : 1-8.

Original paper
Published: 06 October 2020 in Drug and Alcohol Review
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Introduction and Aims In October 2020, New Zealanders will vote on whether cannabis should be legalised for recreational use. With this in mind, the aim of the present study is to gauge the views and opinions of the New Zealand population on cannabis via tweets. To achieve this, we conducted a sentiment analysis of all historic cannabis‐related tweets and referendum‐specific tweets written in New Zealand. Design and Methods We used a Twitter‐sponsored commercial platform to access all historic cannabis‐related tweets written in New Zealand and used search terms to remove non‐cannabis‐related terms. Next, we used the platform's machine learning function to code the sentiment of tweets (i.e. positive/pro‐cannabis, negative/anti‐cannabis or neutral). Results Between July 2009 and August 2020, 304 760 cannabis‐related tweets were written in New Zealand. Overall, the tweets were predominantly positive (62.0%) and there was a higher proportion of positive tweets written in 2020 (65.3%) compared to negative or neutral tweets. Similarly, for referendum‐specific tweets, the 2020 data reveal a generally positive view of cannabis (53.5%). Discussion and Conclusions Both cannabis‐related, and referendum‐specific tweets, suggest that Twitter users in New Zealand have a generally positive view of cannabis. Given the nature of Twitter, the current method will allow us to study whether views toward cannabis change as the referendum nears and capture any late swings in pro‐ or anti‐cannabis sentiment (abcd‐lab.shinyapps.io/cannabis_sentiment/).

ACS Style

Benjamin C. Riordan; Jacques Raubenheimer; Rose Marie Ward; Jennifer E. Merrill; Taylor Winter; Damian Scarf. Monitoring the sentiment of cannabis‐related tweets in the lead up to New Zealand's cannabis referendum. Drug and Alcohol Review 2020, 40, 835 -841.

AMA Style

Benjamin C. Riordan, Jacques Raubenheimer, Rose Marie Ward, Jennifer E. Merrill, Taylor Winter, Damian Scarf. Monitoring the sentiment of cannabis‐related tweets in the lead up to New Zealand's cannabis referendum. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2020; 40 (5):835-841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjamin C. Riordan; Jacques Raubenheimer; Rose Marie Ward; Jennifer E. Merrill; Taylor Winter; Damian Scarf. 2020. "Monitoring the sentiment of cannabis‐related tweets in the lead up to New Zealand's cannabis referendum." Drug and Alcohol Review 40, no. 5: 835-841.

Brief report
Published: 06 October 2020 in Drug and Alcohol Review
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Introduction and Aims COVID‐19, considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization, overwhelmed hospitals in the USA. In parallel to the growing pandemic, alcohol sales grew in the USA, with people stockpiling alcohol. Alcohol‐induced blackouts are one particularly concerning consequence of heavy drinking, and the extent to which blackout prevalence may change in the context of a pandemic is unknown. The purpose of the current study is to describe the prevalence of publicly available tweets in the USA referencing alcohol‐induced blackouts prior to and during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Design and Methods We used Crimson Hexagon's ForSight tool to access all original English tweets written in the USA that referenced alcohol‐related blackouts in 2019 and 2020. Using infoveillance methods, we tracked changes in the number and proportion of tweets about blackouts. Results More alcohol‐related blackout tweets were written between 13 March and 24 April in 2020 than 2019. In addition, a greater proportion of all tweets referenced blackouts in 2020 than in 2019. In the period prior to the ‘stay at home’ orders (January to mid‐March), the proportion of blackout tweets were higher in 2020 than 2019. Discussion and Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that references to high‐risk drinking persist during the pandemic despite restrictions on large social gatherings. Given that the internet is a common source of information for COVID‐19, the frequent posting about blackouts during this period might normalise the behaviour. This is concerning because alcohol use increases susceptibility to COVID‐19, and alcohol‐related mortality can further tax hospital resources.

ACS Style

Rose Marie Ward; Benjamin C. Riordan; Jennifer E. Merrill; Jacques Raubenheimer. Describing the impact of the COVID ‐19 pandemic on alcohol‐induced blackout tweets. Drug and Alcohol Review 2020, 40, 192 -195.

AMA Style

Rose Marie Ward, Benjamin C. Riordan, Jennifer E. Merrill, Jacques Raubenheimer. Describing the impact of the COVID ‐19 pandemic on alcohol‐induced blackout tweets. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2020; 40 (2):192-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rose Marie Ward; Benjamin C. Riordan; Jennifer E. Merrill; Jacques Raubenheimer. 2020. "Describing the impact of the COVID ‐19 pandemic on alcohol‐induced blackout tweets." Drug and Alcohol Review 40, no. 2: 192-195.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Heliyon
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Anaemia, especially iron deficiency anemia, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in African women and children. To assess the intake of nutrients related to iron and anaemia status among mothers in smallholder agrarian communities in Northern Ghana where anaemia is known to be endemic. Tolon Kumbumgu district and Tamale Metropolis in Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 161 mothers with children 6-59 months. Questionnaires on socio-demographics, household food security and production and food frequencies, and three 24-hour recalls were administered during structured interviews, and BMI was assessed. Dietary intakes were analysed with the Ghana Nutrient Database® (version 6.02). Nutrient intake was evaluated using the estimated average requirements and iron intakes using the probability method. Most mothers (91.9%) had low literacy and were subsistence farmers. The staple diet was homemade unrefined, unfortified maize meal, homemade unfortified oil (shea butter), and seasonal green leafy vegetables (mostly amaranth), butternut, tomatoes, onions and legumes. Inadequate intakes of vitamin A (in 9.9%), folate (in 46.6%) and vitamin B12 (in 98.8%) were observed, in combination with high fibre (47.8 ± 19.0 g/day) intakes and high tea consumption. If 10% iron bio-availability was assumed, 33.1% were estimated to have inadequate iron intake; if 5% iron bio-availability was assumed, 80.8% were estimated to have inadequate iron intakes. In these low socio-economic agrarian communities, mothers of infants are living on home produce and rarely consumed foods (fortified salt, cooking oil and wheat flour) from the national food fortification programmes intended to address anaemia and other micronutrient deficiencies.

ACS Style

Brenda Ariba Zarhari Abu; Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer; Violet Louise Van Den Berg. Iron-focussed nutritional status of mothers with children (6–59 months) in rural northern Ghana. Heliyon 2020, 6, e04017 .

AMA Style

Brenda Ariba Zarhari Abu, Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer, Violet Louise Van Den Berg. Iron-focussed nutritional status of mothers with children (6–59 months) in rural northern Ghana. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (6):e04017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brenda Ariba Zarhari Abu; Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer; Violet Louise Van Den Berg. 2020. "Iron-focussed nutritional status of mothers with children (6–59 months) in rural northern Ghana." Heliyon 6, no. 6: e04017.

Articles
Published: 29 August 2019 in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status, glycaemic control and barriers to treatment compliance of outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending two public primary health clinics in Maseru, Lesotho. Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Setting: Lesotho Defence Force Clinic and Domiciliary Clinic. Subjects: 124 participants with T2DM, 30–69 years. Outcome measures: Sociodemography, medical history, diet, lifestyle, metabolic risk-related anthropometry, glycaemic and metabolic control, and barriers that may impact on treatment compliance. Results: Participants (53.9; SD 9.4 years; 79.5% females; 53.3% diagnosed for > 5 years) were knowledgeable about basic lifestyle recommendations for diabetes, and reported being active (98.3%). However, 88.5% were overweight or obese; 93.4%, 78.1%; 66.1% did not meet the recommended intakes of dairy, vegetables and fruit; 10.7% used tobacco; and 52% of men drank excessively. None performed blood glucose self-monitoring, and 90.2% were ignorant of normal blood glucose ranges, while 94.3% had uncontrolled hypertension despite being on anti-hypertensive medication. Participants were rarely screened for long-term glycaemic control or comorbidities, or referred to dietitians, but 98.4% were satisfied with the services. Conclusions: In this setting, patients were not meeting treatment goals for T2DM, and were not being screened or referred, rendering clinic visits a revolving door that poses the risk of costly complications.

ACS Style

Louise Van Den Berg; Mohlakotsana Mokhehle; Jacques Raubenheimer. Nutritional status, glycaemic control and barriers to treatment compliance among patients with type 2 diabetes attending public primary health clinics in Maseru, Lesotho. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa 2019, 24, 98 -110.

AMA Style

Louise Van Den Berg, Mohlakotsana Mokhehle, Jacques Raubenheimer. Nutritional status, glycaemic control and barriers to treatment compliance among patients with type 2 diabetes attending public primary health clinics in Maseru, Lesotho. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa. 2019; 24 (3):98-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Louise Van Den Berg; Mohlakotsana Mokhehle; Jacques Raubenheimer. 2019. "Nutritional status, glycaemic control and barriers to treatment compliance among patients with type 2 diabetes attending public primary health clinics in Maseru, Lesotho." Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa 24, no. 3: 98-110.

Observational study
Published: 05 March 2019 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following snakebite is common in developing countries and Bothrops genus is the main group of snakes in Latin America. To evaluate the pathogenic mechanisms associated with Bothrops venom nephrotoxicity, we assessed urinary and blood samples of patients after hospital admission resulting from Bothrops snakebite in a prospective cohort study in Northeast Brazil. Urinary and blood samples were evaluated during hospital stay in 63 consenting patients, divided into AKI and No-AKI groups according to the KDIGO criteria. The AKI group showed higher levels of urinary MCP-1 (Urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1) (median 547.5 vs. 274.1 pg/mgCr; p = 0.02) and urinary NGAL (Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) (median 21.28 vs. 12.73 ng/mgCr; p = 0.03). Risk factors for AKI included lower serum sodium and hemoglobin levels, proteinuria and aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) on admission and disclosed lower serum sodium (p = 0.01, OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57–0.94) and aPTT (p = 0.031, OR = 26.27, 95% CI: 1.34–512.11) levels as independent factors associated with AKI. Proteinuria showed a positive correlation with uMCP-1 (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001) and uNGAL (r = 0.47, p = 0.001). FENa (Fractional Excretion of sodium) correlated with uMCP-1 (r = 0.47, P = 0.001) and uNGAL (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). sCr (serum Creatinine) showed a better performance to predict AKI (AUC = 0.85) in comparison with new biomarkers. FEK showed fair accuracy in predicting AKI (AUC = 0.92). Coagulation abnormality was strongly associated with Bothrops venom-related AKI. Urinary NGAL and MCP-1 were good biomarkers in predicting AKI; however, sCr remained the best biomarker. FEK (Fractional Excretion of potassium) emerged as another diagnostic tool to predict early AKI. Positive correlations between uNGAL and uMCP-1 with proteinuria and FENa may signal glomerular and tubular injury. Defects in urinary concentrations highlighted asymptomatic abnormalities, which deserve further study.

ACS Style

Polianna Lemos Moura Moreira Albuquerque; Geraldo Bezerra Da Silva Junior; Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses; Alice Maria Costa Martins; Danya Bandeira Lima; Jacques Raubenheimer; Shihana Fathima; Nicholas Buckley; Elizabeth De Francesco Daher. Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Bothrops Venom: Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms. Toxins 2019, 11, 148 .

AMA Style

Polianna Lemos Moura Moreira Albuquerque, Geraldo Bezerra Da Silva Junior, Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses, Alice Maria Costa Martins, Danya Bandeira Lima, Jacques Raubenheimer, Shihana Fathima, Nicholas Buckley, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher. Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Bothrops Venom: Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms. Toxins. 2019; 11 (3):148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Polianna Lemos Moura Moreira Albuquerque; Geraldo Bezerra Da Silva Junior; Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses; Alice Maria Costa Martins; Danya Bandeira Lima; Jacques Raubenheimer; Shihana Fathima; Nicholas Buckley; Elizabeth De Francesco Daher. 2019. "Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Bothrops Venom: Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms." Toxins 11, no. 3: 148.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2018 in South African Family Practice
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a well-known public health threat; however, published data on the endemic burden of HCAIs in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of primary bloodstream infection (PBSI), surgical site infection (SSI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) at Kimberley Hospital Complex (KHC), Northern Cape.Methods: A one-day pointprevalence survey was conducted between February 2016 and March 2016 on all patients admitted to 15 selected wards at KHC. The Standardised Centers for Disease Control and National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Systems criteria were used.Results: A total of 326 patients were surveyed and the overall HCAI prevalence rate was 7.67%. This included 4.60% SSIs, 1.53% UTIs, 0.92% PBSIs and 0.92% LRTIs. Patients with HCAI stayed a mean of 20.8 days compared with 9.1 days for the remaining patients. Almost 75% (n = 240) of the surveyed patients had one or more recognised risk factors. The most isolated microorganism among the 11 microorganisms isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.4%). Half (54.5%) of the isolated organisms were resistant to penicillin. At the time of the survey, 42.0% of all the patients were on antimicrobials of which amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was most commonly prescribed (29.9%). Conclusion: The overall HCAI prevalence rate found in KHC is encouraging, but the prevalence of SSI is of concern. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors and target this as an area where preventative interventions can be implemented.

ACS Style

A. Nair; W. J. Steinberg; T. Habib; H. Saeed; J. E. Raubenheimer. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infection at a tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Family Practice 2018, 60, 53 .

AMA Style

A. Nair, W. J. Steinberg, T. Habib, H. Saeed, J. E. Raubenheimer. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infection at a tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Family Practice. 2018; 60 (5):53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Nair; W. J. Steinberg; T. Habib; H. Saeed; J. E. Raubenheimer. 2018. "Prevalence of healthcare-associated infection at a tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa." South African Family Practice 60, no. 5: 53.

Editorial
Published: 02 September 2018 in Drug and Alcohol Review
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Jacques E. Raubenheimer; Monica J. Barratt. Digital era drug surveillance: Quo vadis, Australia? Drug and Alcohol Review 2018, 37, 693 -696.

AMA Style

Jacques E. Raubenheimer, Monica J. Barratt. Digital era drug surveillance: Quo vadis, Australia? Drug and Alcohol Review. 2018; 37 (6):693-696.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacques E. Raubenheimer; Monica J. Barratt. 2018. "Digital era drug surveillance: Quo vadis, Australia?" Drug and Alcohol Review 37, no. 6: 693-696.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2018 in South African Family Practice
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background: Common risk factors for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are prolonged immobilisation, surgery, leg trauma or fracture, pregnancy, hormone therapy, heart failure, cancer, obesity, age, and smoking. The incidence of DVT in HIV-infected patients shows a two- to tenfold increase in comparison with a healthy population of similar age. This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the presence of risk factors for DVT and the prevalence of HIV infection in patients with confirmed DVT treated at Kimberley Hospital Complex, a regional/tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, from January 2010 to December 2014.Methods: Patients were identified from the ultrasound register from the Radiology Department, and all adult patients with Doppler-proven DVT during the five-year period were included in the study. The data were extracted from the patient files and captured on data sheets.Results: Of the 852 patients included in the study, most were female (n = 536, 62.9%). The median age was 45 years (range 5–94 years, interquartile range 34–58 years). More than half (n = 443, 52.0%) of the patients were HIV-positive, 333 (39.1%) HIV-negative, while 76 (8.9%) did not have a known HIV status. The most common association with DVT was HIV infection (52.0%) followed by tuberculosis (12.4%), cancer (10.9%), and smoking (9.0%). The least common risk factors were long-distance travel (0.4%) and thrombophilia (0.4%). The left popliteal vein was the most frequently affected site (42.0%) followed by left superficial femoral vein (40.8%) and left common femoral vein (34.7%). The location of the DVT was not associated with the HIV status of the patients.Conclusion: At Kimberley Hospital Complex, the most common risk factor in patients presenting with DVT was HIV infection, with more than half of the patients being HIV-positive. Other risk factors included tuberculosis, cancer and smoking.

ACS Style

F. K. Mampuya; W. J. Steinberg; J. E. Raubenheimer. Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa. South African Family Practice 2018, 60, 53 .

AMA Style

F. K. Mampuya, W. J. Steinberg, J. E. Raubenheimer. Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa. South African Family Practice. 2018; 60 (4):53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. K. Mampuya; W. J. Steinberg; J. E. Raubenheimer. 2018. "Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa." South African Family Practice 60, no. 4: 53.

Research
Published: 11 July 2018 in South African Family Practice
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a well-known public health threat; however, published data on the endemic burden of HCAIs in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of primary bloodstream infection (PBSI), surgical site infection (SSI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) at Kimberley Hospital Complex (KHC), Northern Cape. Methods: A one-day pointprevalence survey was conducted between February 2016 and March 2016 on all patients admitted to 15 selected wards at KHC. The Standardised Centers for Disease Control and National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Systems criteria were used. Results: A total of 326 patients were surveyed and the overall HCAI prevalence rate was 7.67%. This included 4.60% SSIs, 1.53% UTIs, 0.92% PBSIs and 0.92% LRTIs. Patients with HCAI stayed a mean of 20.8 days compared with 9.1 days for the remaining patients. Almost 75% (n = 240) of the surveyed patients had one or more recognised risk factors. The most isolated microorganism among the 11 microorganisms isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.4%). Half (54.5%) of the isolated organisms were resistant to penicillin. At the time of the survey, 42.0% of all the patients were on antimicrobials of which amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was most commonly prescribed (29.9%). Conclusion: The overall HCAI prevalence rate found in KHC is encouraging, but the prevalence of SSI is of concern. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors and target this as an area where preventative interventions can be implemented.

ACS Style

A Nair; Wj Steinberg; Talat Habib; H Saeed; Je Raubenheimer. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infection at a tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Family Practice 2018, 60, 162 -167.

AMA Style

A Nair, Wj Steinberg, Talat Habib, H Saeed, Je Raubenheimer. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infection at a tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Family Practice. 2018; 60 (5):162-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Nair; Wj Steinberg; Talat Habib; H Saeed; Je Raubenheimer. 2018. "Prevalence of healthcare-associated infection at a tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa." South African Family Practice 60, no. 5: 162-167.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2018 in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Maretha Le Roux; Corinna Walsh; Marianne Reid; Jacques Raubenheimer. Diabetes-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Free State province, South Africa. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2018, 32, 83 -90.

AMA Style

Maretha Le Roux, Corinna Walsh, Marianne Reid, Jacques Raubenheimer. Diabetes-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Free State province, South Africa. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2018; 32 (4):83-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maretha Le Roux; Corinna Walsh; Marianne Reid; Jacques Raubenheimer. 2018. "Diabetes-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Free State province, South Africa." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, no. 4: 83-90.

Research
Published: 25 February 2018 in South African Family Practice
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background: Common risk factors for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are prolonged immobilisation, surgery, leg trauma or fracture, pregnancy, hormone therapy, heart failure, cancer, obesity, age, and smoking. The incidence of DVT in HIV-infected patients shows a two- to tenfold increase in comparison with a healthy population of similar age. This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the presence of risk factors for DVT and the prevalence of HIV infection in patients with confirmed DVT treated at Kimberley Hospital Complex, a regional/tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, from January 2010 to December 2014. Methods: Patients were identified from the ultrasound register from the Radiology Department, and all adult patients with Doppler-proven DVT during the five-year period were included in the study. The data were extracted from the patient files and captured on data sheets. Results: Of the 852 patients included in the study, most were female (n = 536, 62.9%). The median age was 45 years (range 5–94 years, interquartile range 34–58 years). More than half (n = 443, 52.0%) of the patients were HIV-positive, 333 (39.1%) HIV-negative, while 76 (8.9%) did not have a known HIV status. The most common association with DVT was HIV infection (52.0%) followed by tuberculosis (12.4%), cancer (10.9%), and smoking (9.0%). The least common risk factors were long-distance travel (0.4%) and thrombophilia (0.4%). The left popliteal vein was the most frequently affected site (42.0%) followed by left superficial femoral vein (40.8%) and left common femoral vein (34.7%). The location of the DVT was not associated with the HIV status of the patients. Conclusion: At Kimberley Hospital Complex, the most common risk factor in patients presenting with DVT was HIV infection, with more than half of the patients being HIV-positive. Other risk factors included tuberculosis, cancer and smoking.

ACS Style

Fk Mampuya; Wj Steinberg; Je Raubenheimer. Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa. South African Family Practice 2018, 60, 107 -113.

AMA Style

Fk Mampuya, Wj Steinberg, Je Raubenheimer. Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa. South African Family Practice. 2018; 60 (4):107-113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fk Mampuya; Wj Steinberg; Je Raubenheimer. 2018. "Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa." South African Family Practice 60, no. 4: 107-113.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Health SA Gesondheid
Reads 0
Downloads 0

BackgroundSelection criteria used to admit students to a radiography programme at the Central University of Technology (CUT) included academic criteria, as well as the General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT) and Self-directed Search (SDS) Questionnaire.Aims and objectivesThe aim of the study was to identify which selection criteria were predictors of academic success in the first year of study. As a four year Bachelor's degree in Radiography (480 credits) was to replace the three year National Diploma (NDip) in Radiography (360 credits), selection criteria would come under review.Design and methodData from 130 students were gathered in a retrospective quantitative study. Data were edited, categorised and summarised. A statistical analysis was undertaken to identify which selection criteria predicted academic success in the first year of study.ResultsStatistics showed that the matriculation Admission Points Score (National Senior Certificate/NCS APS) and core matriculation subject results in Mathematics, Physical Sciences and English were adequate predictors for first-year academic success, and the subjects Life Sciences for the NSC and Biology for the Senior Certificate (SC), showed strong predictive values for first-year academic success. According to the statistical analysis, the GSAT and SDS Questionnaire did not contribute any significant information which could predict academic success.ConclusionMatriculation marks and NSC APS were adequate predictors for academic success, with a focus on Life Sciences or Biology marks as the strongest predictor. The usefulness of the GSAT and SDS Questionnaire could be questioned, and a recommendation was made to replace these tests with alternative student selection methods

ACS Style

Carol Anne Kridiotis; Johan Bezuidenhout; Jacques Raubenheimer. Selection criteria for a radiography programme in South Africa: Predictors for academic success in the first year of study. Health SA Gesondheid 2016, 21, 206 -213.

AMA Style

Carol Anne Kridiotis, Johan Bezuidenhout, Jacques Raubenheimer. Selection criteria for a radiography programme in South Africa: Predictors for academic success in the first year of study. Health SA Gesondheid. 2016; 21 ():206-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carol Anne Kridiotis; Johan Bezuidenhout; Jacques Raubenheimer. 2016. "Selection criteria for a radiography programme in South Africa: Predictors for academic success in the first year of study." Health SA Gesondheid 21, no. : 206-213.