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Lisa Huber
Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

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Journal article
Published: 14 October 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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The European Alps are known as the ‘water towers of Europe’. However, climatic and socioeconomic changes influence both water supply and demand, increasing the need to manage this limited and valuable resource properly to avoid user conflicts and water scarcity. Two major challenges emerge when assessing water scarcity in the Alps: Firstly, mountainous regions are very heterogeneous regarding water availability and demand over space and time, and therefore water scarcity assessments need to be done at low temporal and spatial scales. Secondly, the tight coupling of the natural and the social sphere necessitate an integrative approach considering dynamics and interactions of the social-ecological system. Hence, we applied the agent-based water supply and demand model Aqua.MORE, which is designed for catchment scale and sub-daily temporal resolution, to a case study site in the Italian Alps. In the model, the water supply, the local water managers and water users are represented by interacting model agents. We estimated the water supply by refining the annual runoff data provided by the InVEST water yield model for within-year variations. Local stakeholders contributed to the development of quantitative and spatially-explicit scenarios for land use and tourism evolution. To evaluate water supply and demand dynamics, we assessed six scenarios for the period of 2015 to 2050: three different socio-economic policy pathways, both alone and in combination with a climate change scenario. In all six scenarios, the water demand:supply (D:S) ratio continuously rises from 2015 to 2050.The highest D:S ratio values are prognosed at the beginning of the irrigation period in May. In all scenarios considering climatic changes, the D:S ratio exceeds 20% for several days, indicating potential water scarcity. The simulation results reinforce the importance of analysing water balances at a high temporal resolution and can support management processes and stakeholder dialogues for sustainable watershed management.

ACS Style

Lisa Huber; Johannes Rüdisser; Claude Meisch; Rike Stotten; Georg Leitinger; Ulrike Tappeiner. Agent-based modelling of water balance in a social-ecological system: A multidisciplinary approach for mountain catchments. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 755, 142962 .

AMA Style

Lisa Huber, Johannes Rüdisser, Claude Meisch, Rike Stotten, Georg Leitinger, Ulrike Tappeiner. Agent-based modelling of water balance in a social-ecological system: A multidisciplinary approach for mountain catchments. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 755 ():142962.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Huber; Johannes Rüdisser; Claude Meisch; Rike Stotten; Georg Leitinger; Ulrike Tappeiner. 2020. "Agent-based modelling of water balance in a social-ecological system: A multidisciplinary approach for mountain catchments." Science of The Total Environment 755, no. : 142962.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2020 in Ecosystem Services
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Multifunctional landscapes optimise the benefits for stakeholders by providing multiple demanded ecosystem services (ESs) within the same area. Although previous studies have indicated human-induced trajectories of landscape pattern and ESs supply in the European Alps, relationships between these aspects and the implications for landscape multifunctionality are little studied. In this case study in the Austrian Alps, we revealed significant changes in landscape pattern, a significant decline in provisioning ESs and an increase in cultural and regulating ESs between 1860 and 2015. Overall, multifunctionality (i.e., the sum of ESs) decreased from 1860 to the middle of the twentieth century and increased afterwards. These changes in multifunctionality can be explained by climate- and human-induced changes in landscape composition, particularly by an increase in the diversity of land use/land cover (LULC) types and a decrease in glacier and unused grassland areas. Landscape composition has been altered by inhabitants as economic focus shifted from agriculture to tourism. Our findings improve the understanding of interlinkages between changes in socioeconomic characteristics, LULC, landscape patterns and multiple ESs. Moreover, we indicate the importance of low-intensity agricultural activities and landscape protection to enhance multifunctionality in tourism-oriented land use systems.

ACS Style

Lisa Huber; Uta Schirpke; Thomas Marsoner; Erich Tasser; Georg Leitinger. Does socioeconomic diversification enhance multifunctionality of mountain landscapes? Ecosystem Services 2020, 44, 101122 .

AMA Style

Lisa Huber, Uta Schirpke, Thomas Marsoner, Erich Tasser, Georg Leitinger. Does socioeconomic diversification enhance multifunctionality of mountain landscapes? Ecosystem Services. 2020; 44 ():101122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Huber; Uta Schirpke; Thomas Marsoner; Erich Tasser; Georg Leitinger. 2020. "Does socioeconomic diversification enhance multifunctionality of mountain landscapes?" Ecosystem Services 44, no. : 101122.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Water is of uttermost importance for human well-being and a central resource in sustainable development. Many simulation models for sustainable water management, however, lack explanatory and predictive power because the two-way dynamic feedbacks between human and water systems are neglected. With Agent-based Modelling of Resources (Aqua.MORE; here, of the resource water), we present a platform that can support understanding, interpretation and scenario development of resource flows in coupled human–water systems at the catchment scale. Aqua.MORE simulates the water resources in a demand and supply system, whereby water fluxes and socioeconomic actors are represented by individual agents that mutually interact and cause complex feedback loops. First, we describe the key steps for developing an agent-based model (ABM) of water demand and supply, using the platform Aqua.MORE. Second, we illustrate the modelling process by application in an idealized Alpine valley, characterized by touristic and agricultural water demand sectors. Here, the implementation and analysis of scenarios highlights the possibilities of Aqua.MORE (1) to easily deploy case study-specific agents and characterize them, (2) to evaluate feedbacks between water demand and supply and (3) to compare the effects of different agent behavior or water use strategies. Thereby, we corroborate the potential of Aqua.MORE as a decision-support tool for sustainable watershed management.

ACS Style

Lisa Huber; Nico Bahro; Georg Leitinger; Ulrike Tappeiner; Ulrich Strasser. Agent-Based Modelling of a Coupled Water Demand and Supply System at the Catchment Scale. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6178 .

AMA Style

Lisa Huber, Nico Bahro, Georg Leitinger, Ulrike Tappeiner, Ulrich Strasser. Agent-Based Modelling of a Coupled Water Demand and Supply System at the Catchment Scale. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):6178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Huber; Nico Bahro; Georg Leitinger; Ulrike Tappeiner; Ulrich Strasser. 2019. "Agent-Based Modelling of a Coupled Water Demand and Supply System at the Catchment Scale." Sustainability 11, no. 21: 6178.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2019 in Environmental and Experimental Botany
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Future climate change scenarios predict more frequent and intense droughts for Alpine grasslands, primarily driven by altered precipitation regimes and increased evapotranspiration. The grassland community is expected to adjust to decreasing soil moisture and increasing potential evapotranspiration, optimising water use according to the individual strategies and competitive interactions between the present species. Here, we show the reaction of an intensive Alpine grassland to drought and heat at community and plant functional group levels by using small high-precision lysimeters, as well as how the community adapts by a shift from legumes to grasses after a severe drought. Drought and heating experiments revealed a decrease in evapotranspiration as well as in biomass production only at the highest drought intensity (i.e. soil water potential reaching the permanent wilting point). At plant functional group level, an upscaling from leaf porometer measurements revealed a similar decrease of transpiration for legumes and grasses, but differences between them in the rewetting phase. Legumes were strongly affected by drought and showed a low regrowth during the recovery, while grasses enhanced transpiration and even exceeded biomass productivity of the moist treatment. This imbalance between functional groups caused a shift from legumes to grasses in the grassland community. We conclude that drought-induced community re-assemblage of Alpine grasslands enhances water use efficiency.

ACS Style

Elena Tello-García; Lisa Huber; Georg Leitinger; Andre Peters; Christian Newesely; Marie-Eve Ringler; Erich Tasser. Drought- and heat-induced shifts in vegetation composition impact biomass production and water use of alpine grasslands. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2019, 169, 103921 .

AMA Style

Elena Tello-García, Lisa Huber, Georg Leitinger, Andre Peters, Christian Newesely, Marie-Eve Ringler, Erich Tasser. Drought- and heat-induced shifts in vegetation composition impact biomass production and water use of alpine grasslands. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2019; 169 ():103921.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Tello-García; Lisa Huber; Georg Leitinger; Andre Peters; Christian Newesely; Marie-Eve Ringler; Erich Tasser. 2019. "Drought- and heat-induced shifts in vegetation composition impact biomass production and water use of alpine grasslands." Environmental and Experimental Botany 169, no. : 103921.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2019 in Sustainability
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A key challenge in the sustainable management of freshwater is related to non-stationary processes and transboundary requirements. The assessment of freshwater is often hampered due to small-scale analyses, lacking data and with the focus on only its provision. Based on the ecosystem service (ES) concept, this study aims at quantitatively comparing potential water supply with the demand for freshwater in the European Alps and their surrounding lowlands. We propose an easy-to-use combination of different mapping approaches, including a large-scale hydrologic model to estimate water supply and the downscaling of regional data to the local scale to map demand. Our results demonstrate spatial mismatches between supply and demand and a high dependency of the densely populated lowlands from water providing mountain areas. Under expected climate variations and future demographic changes, our results suggest increasing pressures on freshwater in the south of the Alps. Hence, sustainable water management strategies need to assure the supply of freshwater under changing environmental conditions to meet the increasing water demand of urbanized areas in the lowlands. Moreover, national water management strategies need to be optimally concerted at the international level, as transboundary policies and frameworks can strengthen future water provision.

ACS Style

Claude Meisch; Uta Schirpke; Lisa Huber; Johannes Rüdisser; Ulrike Tappeiner. Assessing Freshwater Provision and Consumption in the Alpine Space Applying the Ecosystem Service Concept. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1131 .

AMA Style

Claude Meisch, Uta Schirpke, Lisa Huber, Johannes Rüdisser, Ulrike Tappeiner. Assessing Freshwater Provision and Consumption in the Alpine Space Applying the Ecosystem Service Concept. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claude Meisch; Uta Schirpke; Lisa Huber; Johannes Rüdisser; Ulrike Tappeiner. 2019. "Assessing Freshwater Provision and Consumption in the Alpine Space Applying the Ecosystem Service Concept." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1131.