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Dr. Jeremy Cottrell
The University of Melbourne

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0 Developmental Biology
0 Muscle Biology
0 meat science
0 Gastrointestinal physiology
0 gut barrier

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Feed

Review
Published: 07 July 2021 in Animals
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The increased bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics and consumer awareness about the health and food safety concerns have triggered the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promotors (AGPs) in the poultry industry. This situation encouraged the poultry sector and industry to explore safe alternatives to AGPs and focus on developing more sustainable feed management strategies to improve the intestinal health and growth performance of poultry. Consequently, phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) have emerged as natural alternatives to AGPs and have great potential in the poultry industry. In recent years, cinnamon (one of the most widely used spices) has attracted attention from researchers as a natural product with numerous health benefits for poultry. The essential oils in cinnamon, in particular, are of interest because of their antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and hypocholesterolaemic effects, in addition to their ability to stimulate digestive enzymes in the gut. This review mainly emphasizes the potential impact of cinnamon as a natural feed additive on overall gut health, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical profile, gene expression, gut microbiota and immune response.

ACS Style

Akhtar Ali; Eric Ponnampalam; Gamini Pushpakumara; Jeremy Cottrell; Hafiz Suleria; Frank Dunshea. Cinnamon: A Natural Feed Additive for Poultry Health and Production—A Review. Animals 2021, 11, 2026 .

AMA Style

Akhtar Ali, Eric Ponnampalam, Gamini Pushpakumara, Jeremy Cottrell, Hafiz Suleria, Frank Dunshea. Cinnamon: A Natural Feed Additive for Poultry Health and Production—A Review. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):2026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akhtar Ali; Eric Ponnampalam; Gamini Pushpakumara; Jeremy Cottrell; Hafiz Suleria; Frank Dunshea. 2021. "Cinnamon: A Natural Feed Additive for Poultry Health and Production—A Review." Animals 11, no. 7: 2026.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Antioxidants
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Chicory and lucerne are used as specialised forages in sheep or dairy production systems in some parts of the world. Recently, these plants are gaining attention as raw materials in the search for natural antioxidants for use in animal feeds, human foods and nutraceutical formulations. The antioxidant potential of these plants is credited to polyphenols, a subgroup of phytochemicals. Therefore, phenolic characterisation is an essential step before their use as ingredients in animal feeds, human food or nutraceutical preparations. In this study, we performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols in chicory and lucerne. Profiling of polyphenols from chicory and lucerne was performed by LC-ESI/QTOF-MS with a total of 80 phenolic compounds identified in chicory and lucerne. The quantification of polyphenols was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a photo diode array (HPLC-PDA). Chicoric acid was the major phenolic acid found in chicory, with the highest concentration (1692.33 ± 0.04 µg/g DW) among all the polyphenols quantified in this study. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid was the major phenolic acid found in lucerne, with the highest concentration of 1440.64 ± 0.04 µg/g DW. Total phenolic, flavonoids and total tannin contents were measured, and the antioxidant potential was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, 2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid, Hydroxyl (OH) Radical Scavenging Activity, Chelating Ability of Ferrous Ion (Fe2+) and Reducing Power (RPA) assays. Both chicory (8.04 ± 0.33 mg AAE/g DW) and lucerne (11.29 ± 0.25 mg AAE/g DW) showed high values for Hydroxyl (OH) Radical Scavenging Activity. The current study allowed us to draw a profile of polyphenols from chicory and lucerne. They provided a molecular fingerprint useful for the application of these plant materials in human foods, animal feeds and pharmaceutical formulations.

ACS Style

Yasir Iqbal; Eric Ponnampalam; Hafiz Suleria; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea. LC-ESI/QTOF-MS Profiling of Chicory and Lucerne Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Activities. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 932 .

AMA Style

Yasir Iqbal, Eric Ponnampalam, Hafiz Suleria, Jeremy Cottrell, Frank Dunshea. LC-ESI/QTOF-MS Profiling of Chicory and Lucerne Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Activities. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (6):932.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasir Iqbal; Eric Ponnampalam; Hafiz Suleria; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea. 2021. "LC-ESI/QTOF-MS Profiling of Chicory and Lucerne Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Activities." Antioxidants 10, no. 6: 932.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2021 in Foods
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Hedonic scale testing is a well-accepted methodology for assessing consumer perceptions but is compromised by variation in voluntary responses between cultures. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) methods using emotion terms or emojis and facial expression recognition (FER) are emerging as more powerful tools for consumer sensory testing as they may offer improved assessment of voluntary and involuntary responses, respectively. Therefore, this experiment compared traditional hedonic scale responses for overall liking to (1) CATA emotions, (2) CATA emojis and (3) FER. The experiment measured voluntary and involuntary responses from 62 participants of Asian (53%) versus Western (47%) origin, who consumed six divergent yogurt formulations (Greek, drinkable, soy, coconut, berry, cookies). The hedonic scales could discriminate between yogurt formulations but could not distinguish between responses across the cultural groups. Aversive responses to formulations were the easiest to characterize for all methods; the hedonic scale was the only method that could not characterize differences in cultural preferences, with CATA emojis displaying the highest level of discrimination. In conclusion, CATA methods, particularly the use of emojis, showed improved characterization of cross-cultural preferences of yogurt formulations compared to hedonic scales and FER.

ACS Style

Mitali Gupta; Damir Torrico; Graham Hepworth; Sally Gras; Lydia Ong; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea. Differences in Hedonic Responses, Facial Expressions and Self-Reported Emotions of Consumers Using Commercial Yogurts: A Cross-Cultural Study. Foods 2021, 10, 1237 .

AMA Style

Mitali Gupta, Damir Torrico, Graham Hepworth, Sally Gras, Lydia Ong, Jeremy Cottrell, Frank Dunshea. Differences in Hedonic Responses, Facial Expressions and Self-Reported Emotions of Consumers Using Commercial Yogurts: A Cross-Cultural Study. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mitali Gupta; Damir Torrico; Graham Hepworth; Sally Gras; Lydia Ong; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea. 2021. "Differences in Hedonic Responses, Facial Expressions and Self-Reported Emotions of Consumers Using Commercial Yogurts: A Cross-Cultural Study." Foods 10, no. 6: 1237.

Review
Published: 28 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The increasing need for sustainable livestock production demands more research in the field of greenhouse gas (GHG), particularly methane (CH4), measurement and mitigation. Dietary interventions, management, and biotechnological strategies to reduce the environmental impacts and economic implications of enteric CH4 emissions are needed. While the use of biotechnological interventions and management strategies can be challenging on a routine basis, feed additive supplementation appears to be the most researched, developed, and ready to use strategy to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions. This paper discusses various recently developed feeding strategies to reduce enteric CH4 emissions in livestock. Additionally, the manuscript reviews various technologies developed for CH4 estimation since the accurate and reliable estimation of CH4 emissions can be a limiting step in the development and adoption of any mitigation strategy.

ACS Style

Pragna Prathap; Surinder Chauhan; Brian Leury; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea. Towards Sustainable Livestock Production: Estimation of Methane Emissions and Dietary Interventions for Mitigation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6081 .

AMA Style

Pragna Prathap, Surinder Chauhan, Brian Leury, Jeremy Cottrell, Frank Dunshea. Towards Sustainable Livestock Production: Estimation of Methane Emissions and Dietary Interventions for Mitigation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6081.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pragna Prathap; Surinder Chauhan; Brian Leury; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea. 2021. "Towards Sustainable Livestock Production: Estimation of Methane Emissions and Dietary Interventions for Mitigation." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6081.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Antioxidants
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Spices have long been used to improve food flavor, due to their appealing fragrance and sensory attributes. Nowadays, spices-based bioactives, particularly phenolic compounds, have gained attention due to their wide range of significant effects in biological systems. The present study was conducted to characterize the 12 widely used spices (allspice, black cardamom, black cumin, black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, clove, cumin, fennel, nutmeg, star-anise, and turmeric) for their phenolics with the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2), polyphenols estimation, and their antioxidant potential. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total tannin content and their antioxidant activities were estimated in all spices. Clove and allspice had the highest value of total polyphenol content (215.14 and 40.49 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of sample), while clove and turmeric had the highest total flavonoids (5.59 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) per g of sample) and total tannin contents (23.58 mg catechin equivalent (CE) per g of sample), respectively. On the other hand, black cumin and black pepper had the highest phosphomolybdate activity (15.61 and 15.43 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) per g of sample), while clove was almost identified with highest free radical scavenging capacity. A positive correlation was observed among phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. In this quest, a total of 79 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized by using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2 including 26 phenolic acids, 33 flavonoids, 16 other polyphenols, and 4 lignans. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) quantification of phenolic compounds exhibited higher phenolic acids. These results provided us some valuable information that spices have powerful antioxidant potential that can be further used in human food and animal feed as a supplement for different health promoting applications.

ACS Style

Akhtar Ali; Hanjing Wu; Eric Ponnampalam; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea; Hafiz Suleria. Comprehensive Profiling of Most Widely Used Spices for Their Phenolic Compounds through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2 and Their Antioxidant Potential. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 721 .

AMA Style

Akhtar Ali, Hanjing Wu, Eric Ponnampalam, Jeremy Cottrell, Frank Dunshea, Hafiz Suleria. Comprehensive Profiling of Most Widely Used Spices for Their Phenolic Compounds through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2 and Their Antioxidant Potential. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akhtar Ali; Hanjing Wu; Eric Ponnampalam; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank Dunshea; Hafiz Suleria. 2021. "Comprehensive Profiling of Most Widely Used Spices for Their Phenolic Compounds through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2 and Their Antioxidant Potential." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 721.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Placental insufficiency is a known consequence of maternal heat stress during gestation in farm animals. The molecular regulation of placentae during the stress response is little known in pigs. This study aims to identify differential gene expression in pig placentae caused by maternal heat exposure during early to mid-gestation. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on female placental samples from pregnant pigs exposed to thermoneutral control (CON; constant 20 °C; n = 5) or cyclic heat stress (HS; cyclic 28 to 33 °C; n = 5) conditions between d40 and d60 of gestation. On d60 of gestation, placental efficiency (fetal/placental weight) was decreased (p = 0.023) by maternal HS. A total of 169 genes were differentially expressed (FDR ≤ 0.1) between CON and HS placentae of female fetuses, of which 35 genes were upregulated and 134 genes were downregulated by maternal HS. The current data revealed transport activity (FDR = 0.027), glycoprotein biosynthetic process (FDR = 0.044), and carbohydrate metabolic process (FDR = 0.049) among the terms enriched by the downregulated genes (HS vs. CON). In addition, solute carrier (SLC)-mediated transmembrane transport (FDR = 0.008) and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (FDR = 0.027), which modulates placental stroma synthesis, were identified among the pathways enriched by the downregulated genes. These findings provide evidence that heat-stress induced placental inefficiency may be underpinned by altered expression of genes associated with placental nutrient transport capacity and metabolism. A further understanding of the molecular mechanism contributes to the identification of placental gene signatures of summer infertility in pigs.

ACS Style

Weicheng Zhao; Fan Liu; Christina Marth; Mark Green; Hieu Le; Brian Leury; Alan Bell; Frank Dunshea; Jeremy Cottrell. Maternal Heat Stress Alters Expression of Genes Associated with Nutrient Transport Activity and Metabolism in Female Placentae from Mid-Gestating Pigs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 4147 .

AMA Style

Weicheng Zhao, Fan Liu, Christina Marth, Mark Green, Hieu Le, Brian Leury, Alan Bell, Frank Dunshea, Jeremy Cottrell. Maternal Heat Stress Alters Expression of Genes Associated with Nutrient Transport Activity and Metabolism in Female Placentae from Mid-Gestating Pigs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (8):4147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weicheng Zhao; Fan Liu; Christina Marth; Mark Green; Hieu Le; Brian Leury; Alan Bell; Frank Dunshea; Jeremy Cottrell. 2021. "Maternal Heat Stress Alters Expression of Genes Associated with Nutrient Transport Activity and Metabolism in Female Placentae from Mid-Gestating Pigs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8: 4147.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Animal Production Science
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Plants are integral components of pig and poultry feed, and aside from their raw nutritive value, some phytochemicals contain bioactive compounds. The aim of the present paper is to review recent advances in the use of some phytochemicals in pig and poultry feed, focusing on the examples of isoquinoline alkaloids, polyphenol rich sugarcane extracts and superoxide dismutase-rich melon pulp extracts. As gut health is critical for efficient production, the review will focus on recent results modulating oxidative stress within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential mechanisms of action. Plants are integral components of pig and poultry feed, and aside from their raw nutritive value, some phytochemicals contain bioactive compounds. The aim of the present paper is to review recent advances in the use of some phytochemicals in pig and poultry feed, focusing on the examples of isoquinoline alkaloids, polyphenol rich sugarcane extracts and superoxide dismutase-rich melon pulp extracts. As gut health is critical for efficient production, the review will focus on recent results modulating oxidative stress within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential mechanisms of action.

ACS Style

J. J. Cottrell; H. H. Le; O. Artaiz; Y. Iqbal; H. A. Suleria; A. Ali; P. Celi; F. R. Dunshea. Recent advances in the use of phytochemicals to manage gastrointestinal oxidative stress in poultry and pigs. Animal Production Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

J. J. Cottrell, H. H. Le, O. Artaiz, Y. Iqbal, H. A. Suleria, A. Ali, P. Celi, F. R. Dunshea. Recent advances in the use of phytochemicals to manage gastrointestinal oxidative stress in poultry and pigs. Animal Production Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. J. Cottrell; H. H. Le; O. Artaiz; Y. Iqbal; H. A. Suleria; A. Ali; P. Celi; F. R. Dunshea. 2021. "Recent advances in the use of phytochemicals to manage gastrointestinal oxidative stress in poultry and pigs." Animal Production Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2020 in Animals
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The backfat of pig carcasses is greater in spring than summer in Australia. The unexplained seasonal variation in carcass backfat creates complications for pig producers in supplying consistent lean carcasses. As a novel explanation, we hypothesised that the increased carcass fatness in spring was due to a greater percentage of born-light progeny from sows that were mated in summer and experienced hot conditions during early gestation. The first part of our experiment compared the birth weight of piglets born to the sows mated in summer (February, the Southern Hemisphere) with those born to sows mated in autumn (May; the Southern Hemisphere), and the second part of the experiment compared the growth performance and carcass fatness of the progeny that were stratified as born-light (0.7–1.1 kg) and born-normal (1.3–1.7 kg) from the sows mated in these two seasons. The results showed that the sows mated in summer experienced hotter conditions during early gestation as evidenced by an increased respiration rate and rectal temperature, compared with those mated in autumn. The sows mated in summer had a greater proportion of piglets that were born ≤1.1 kg (24.2% vs. 15.8%, p < 0.001), lower average piglet birth weight (1.39 kg vs. 1.52 kg, p < 0.001), lower total litter weights (18.9 kg vs. 19.5 kg, p = 0.044) and lower average placental weight (0.26 vs. 0.31 kg, p = 0.011) than those mated in autumn, although litter sizes were similar. Feed intake and growth rate of progeny from 14 weeks of age to slaughter (101 kg live weight) were greater for the born-normal than born-light pigs within the progeny from sows mated in autumn, but there was no difference between the born-light and normal progeny from sows mated in summer, as evidenced by the interaction between piglet birth weight and sow mating season (Both p < 0.05). Only the born-light piglets from the sows mated in summer had a greater backfat thickness and loin fat% than the progeny from the sows mated in autumn, as evidenced by a trend of interaction between piglet birth weight and sow mating season (Both p < 0.10). In conclusion, the increased proportion of born-light piglets (0.7–1.1 kg range) from the sows mated in summer contributed to the increased carcass fatness observed in spring.

ACS Style

Fan Liu; Erin M. Ford; Rebecca S. Morrison; Chris J. Brewster; David J. Henman; Robert J. Smits; Weicheng Zhao; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Brian J. Leury; Frank R. Dunshea; Alan W. Bell. The Greater Proportion of Born-Light Progeny from Sows Mated in Summer Contributes to Increased Carcass Fatness Observed in Spring. Animals 2020, 10, 2080 .

AMA Style

Fan Liu, Erin M. Ford, Rebecca S. Morrison, Chris J. Brewster, David J. Henman, Robert J. Smits, Weicheng Zhao, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Brian J. Leury, Frank R. Dunshea, Alan W. Bell. The Greater Proportion of Born-Light Progeny from Sows Mated in Summer Contributes to Increased Carcass Fatness Observed in Spring. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2080.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fan Liu; Erin M. Ford; Rebecca S. Morrison; Chris J. Brewster; David J. Henman; Robert J. Smits; Weicheng Zhao; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Brian J. Leury; Frank R. Dunshea; Alan W. Bell. 2020. "The Greater Proportion of Born-Light Progeny from Sows Mated in Summer Contributes to Increased Carcass Fatness Observed in Spring." Animals 10, no. 11: 2080.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2020 in Antioxidants
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Heat stress (HS) compromises productivity of pork production, in part as a result of increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, particularly within the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate whether plant-derived betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids could ameliorate HS in pigs. Fifty female Large White × Landrace grower pigs, which were acclimated to control (CON), control plus betaine (BET), or control plus isoquinoline alkaloids (IQA) diets for 14 days were then exposed to heat stress or thermoneutral condition. Both BET and IQA partially ameliorated increases in respiration rate (p = 0.013) and rectal temperature (p = 0.001) associated with HS conditions. Heat stress increased salivary cortisol concentrations and reduced plasma creatinine, lactate, and thyroid hormone concentrations. Heat stress increased colon FD4 permeability, which was reduced by IQA (p = 0.030). Heat stress increased inflammation in the jejunum and ileum, as indicated by elevated interleukin-1β (p = 0.022) in the jejunum and interleukin-1β (p = 0.004) and interleukin-8 (p = 0.001) in the ileum. No differences in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed with HS, but betaine increased plasma TAC compared to IQA. Dietary BET increased betaine concentrations in the jejunum, ileum (p < 0.001 for both), plasma, liver, kidney (p < 0.010 for all), urine (p = 0.002) and tended to be higher in muscle (p = 0.084). Betaine concentration was not influenced by HS, but it tended to be higher in plasma and accumulated in the liver. These data suggest that betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids supplementation ameliorated consequences of heat stress in grower pigs and protected against HS induced increases in colonic permeability.

ACS Style

Hieu Huu Le; Majid Shakeri; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Weicheng Zhao; Rachel Mai McQuade; Deborah Jayne Phillips; Eva Vidacs; John Barton Furness; Frank Rowland Dunshea; Valeria Artuso-Ponte; Jeremy James Cottrell. Betaine and Isoquinoline Alkaloids Protect against Heat Stress and Colonic Permeability in Growing Pigs. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1024 .

AMA Style

Hieu Huu Le, Majid Shakeri, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Weicheng Zhao, Rachel Mai McQuade, Deborah Jayne Phillips, Eva Vidacs, John Barton Furness, Frank Rowland Dunshea, Valeria Artuso-Ponte, Jeremy James Cottrell. Betaine and Isoquinoline Alkaloids Protect against Heat Stress and Colonic Permeability in Growing Pigs. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (10):1024.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hieu Huu Le; Majid Shakeri; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Weicheng Zhao; Rachel Mai McQuade; Deborah Jayne Phillips; Eva Vidacs; John Barton Furness; Frank Rowland Dunshea; Valeria Artuso-Ponte; Jeremy James Cottrell. 2020. "Betaine and Isoquinoline Alkaloids Protect against Heat Stress and Colonic Permeability in Growing Pigs." Antioxidants 9, no. 10: 1024.

Review
Published: 11 August 2020 in Animals
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The gastrointestinal tract of the chicken harbors very complex and diverse microbial communities including both beneficial and harmful bacteria. However, a dynamic balance is generally maintained in such a way that beneficial bacteria predominate over harmful ones. Environmental factors can negatively affect this balance, resulting in harmful effects on the gut, declining health, and productivity. This means modulating changes in the chicken gut microbiota is an effective strategy to improve gut health and productivity. One strategy is using modified diets to favor the growth of beneficial bacteria and a key candidate are polyphenols, which have strong antioxidant potential and established health benefits. The gut microbiota-polyphenol interactions are of vital importance in their effects on the gut microbiota modulation because it affects not only the composition of gut bacteria but also improves bioavailability of polyphenols through generation of more bioactive metabolites enhancing their health effects on morphology and composition of the gut microbiota. The object of this review is to improve the understanding of polyphenol interactions with the gut microbiota and highlights their potential role in modulation of the gut microbiota of chicken.

ACS Style

Yasir Iqbal; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Hafiz A.R. Suleria; Frank R. Dunshea. Gut Microbiota-Polyphenol Interactions in Chicken: A Review. Animals 2020, 10, 1391 .

AMA Style

Yasir Iqbal, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Hafiz A.R. Suleria, Frank R. Dunshea. Gut Microbiota-Polyphenol Interactions in Chicken: A Review. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasir Iqbal; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Hafiz A.R. Suleria; Frank R. Dunshea. 2020. "Gut Microbiota-Polyphenol Interactions in Chicken: A Review." Animals 10, no. 8: 1391.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in Animals
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Heat stress (HS) compromises growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens by interrupting lipid and protein metabolism, resulting in increased oxidative damages. The experiment attempted to investigate whether dietary polyphenols (Polygain (POL)) could ameliorate the aforementioned adverse effects of HS on performance and meat quality. One hundred and twenty one day-old-male chicks were allocated to two temperature conditions, thermoneutral (TN) or HS, and fed with either a control diet (CON) or the CON plus four different doses of POL (2, 4, 6 and 10 g/kg). Heat stress caused respiratory alkalosis as evidenced by increased rectal temperature (p < 0.001) and respiration rate (p < 0.001) due to increased blood pH (p < 0.001). Heat stress decreased final body weight (p = 0.061) and breast muscle water content (p = 0.013) while POL improved both (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). Heat stress amplified muscle damages, indicated by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p < 0.001) and reduced myofibril fragmentation index (p = 0.006) whereas POL improved both (p = 0.037 and p = 0.092, respectively). Heat stress impaired meat tenderness (p < 0.001) while POL improved it (p = 0.003). In conclusion, HS impaired growth performance and meat quality whereas POL ameliorated these responses in a dose-dependent manner, and effects of POL were evident under both temperature conditions.

ACS Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Hieu H. Le; Hafiz A. R. Suleria; Robyn D. Warner; Frank R. Dunshea. A Dietary Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenol Mix Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. Animals 2020, 10, 1158 .

AMA Style

Majid Shakeri, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Stuart Wilkinson, Hieu H. Le, Hafiz A. R. Suleria, Robyn D. Warner, Frank R. Dunshea. A Dietary Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenol Mix Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2020; 10 (7):1158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Hieu H. Le; Hafiz A. R. Suleria; Robyn D. Warner; Frank R. Dunshea. 2020. "A Dietary Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenol Mix Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens." Animals 10, no. 7: 1158.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2020 in Animals
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Gilt progeny (GP) exhibit poorer growth compared with sow progeny (SP), particularly in the pre-weaning and post-weaning period. Late gestation/lactation sow diets and weaner diets were supplemented with 0.5% Polygain (POL), a sugarcane extract rich in polyphenols, to collectively improve GP growth in these periods. Gilts (n = 60) and sows (n = 68, parities 2 and 3) were fed a control or POL diet. Weaned GP (n = 79) and SP (n = 92) born to these dams were also fed either a CON or POL diet. Gilts litters weighed less than sow litters at birth and 21 days (p < 0.001 for both) and were not improved by POL (p = 0.80 and 0.54, respectively). GP were lighter than SP at day 7 and day 14 post-weaning (p < 0.001 for both) and were not improved by the POL diet at these timepoints (p = 0.61 and 0.97, respectively). Plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was increased at weaning despite POL supplementation (p = 0.022) and GP had reduced IL-1β overall (p = 0.021). Overall, POL was unable to improve growth in GP and the attenuated immune response seen in GP could be contributing to their poor growth performance.

ACS Style

Udani A. Wijesiriwardana; John R. Pluske; Jessica R. Craig; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Frank R. Dunshea. Evaluation of Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenols on the Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Growth of Gilt Progeny. Animals 2020, 10, 984 .

AMA Style

Udani A. Wijesiriwardana, John R. Pluske, Jessica R. Craig, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Frank R. Dunshea. Evaluation of Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenols on the Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Growth of Gilt Progeny. Animals. 2020; 10 (6):984.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Udani A. Wijesiriwardana; John R. Pluske; Jessica R. Craig; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Frank R. Dunshea. 2020. "Evaluation of Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenols on the Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Growth of Gilt Progeny." Animals 10, no. 6: 984.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2020 in Agriculture
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Heat stress (HS) impairs growth performance and has a severe impact on lipid and protein metabolism, leading to serious adverse effects on meat quality. Forty-eight day-old-male Ross-308 chicks were assigned to two temperature conditions, thermoneutral or cyclical HS, and fed with either a control diet (CON) or the CON plus betaine (BET). Heat stress increased rectal temperature (p < 0.001), respiration rate (p < 0.001) and increased blood pH (p = 0.017), indicating that HS caused respiratory alkalosis. Heat stress reduced body weight during the final stage of growing period (p = 0.005), while BET improved it (p = 0.023). Heat stress tended to reduce breast muscle water content and drip loss (p = 0.089 and p = 0.082), while both were improved with BET (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001). Heat stress tended to reduce the myofibril fragmentation index (p = 0.081) whereas it increased with BET (p = 0.017). Heat stress increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p = 0.017), while BET improved it (p = 0.008). Meat tenderness was not affected by HS, but was improved with BET (p < 0.001). In conclusion, BET improved growth performance over the latter stages of the growing period, and improved product quality of broiler chickens when chickens exposed to HS.

ACS Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Hieu H. Le; Hafiz A. R. Suleria; Robyn D. Warner; Frank R. Dunshea. Dietary Betaine Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. Agriculture 2020, 10, 176 .

AMA Style

Majid Shakeri, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Stuart Wilkinson, Hieu H. Le, Hafiz A. R. Suleria, Robyn D. Warner, Frank R. Dunshea. Dietary Betaine Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (5):176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Hieu H. Le; Hafiz A. R. Suleria; Robyn D. Warner; Frank R. Dunshea. 2020. "Dietary Betaine Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens." Agriculture 10, no. 5: 176.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2020 in Animals
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With increases in the frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves forecast plus expansion of tropical agriculture, heat stress (HS) is both a current and an emerging problem. As cinnamon has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, which is part of the adaptive response to HS, the aim of this experiment was to determine if cinnamon could improve insulin sensitivity and ameliorate HS in grower pigs. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 36 female Large White × Landrace pigs were fed control (0%) vs. cinnamon (1.5%) diets and housed for 7 day under thermoneutral (20 °C, TN) vs. HS conditions (8 h 35 °C/16 h 28 °C, 35% relative humidity). At the completion of the challenge, insulin sensitivity was assessed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Heat stress increased parameters such as respiration rate and rectal temperature. Furthermore, biochemical changes in blood and urine indicated the pigs were experiencing respiratory alkalosis. Minimal modelling of parameters of insulin sensitivity showed that HS pigs had a lower insulin response to the IVGTT and improved insulin sensitivity. Cinnamon had additive effects with heat stress, reflected in lowering the insulin area under curve (AUC) and elevated insulin sensitivity compared to TN. However, this apparent improvement in insulin sensitivity did not ameliorate any of the other physiological symptoms of HS.

ACS Style

Jeremy J. Cottrell; John B. Furness; Udani A. Wijesiriwardana; Mitchell Ringuet; Fan Liu; Kristy Digiacomo; Brian J. Leury; Iain J. Clarke; Frank R. Dunshea. The Effect of Heat Stress on Respiratory Alkalosis and Insulin Sensitivity in Cinnamon Supplemented Pigs. Animals 2020, 10, 690 .

AMA Style

Jeremy J. Cottrell, John B. Furness, Udani A. Wijesiriwardana, Mitchell Ringuet, Fan Liu, Kristy Digiacomo, Brian J. Leury, Iain J. Clarke, Frank R. Dunshea. The Effect of Heat Stress on Respiratory Alkalosis and Insulin Sensitivity in Cinnamon Supplemented Pigs. Animals. 2020; 10 (4):690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeremy J. Cottrell; John B. Furness; Udani A. Wijesiriwardana; Mitchell Ringuet; Fan Liu; Kristy Digiacomo; Brian J. Leury; Iain J. Clarke; Frank R. Dunshea. 2020. "The Effect of Heat Stress on Respiratory Alkalosis and Insulin Sensitivity in Cinnamon Supplemented Pigs." Animals 10, no. 4: 690.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Animals
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In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 60 male Ross-308 broilers were fed either a control or 1 g/kg betaine diet and housed under thermoneutral (TN) or heat stress (HS) conditions. Broilers were acclimated to diets for 1 week under TN (25 °C), then either kept at TN or HS, where the temperature increased 8 h/day at 33 °C and 16 h/day at 25 °C for up to 10 days. Respiration rate (RR) was measured at four time points, and on each of 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10 days of HS, 12 broilers were injected with 0.5 mg/kg of Evans Blue Dye (EBD) solution to quantify regional changes in tissue damage. Betaine was quantified in tissues, and ileal damage was assessed via morphometry and transepithelial resistance (TER). Heat stress elevated RR (p < 0.001) and resulted in reduced villous height (p = 0.009) and TER (p < 0.001), while dietary betaine lowered RR during HS (p < 0.001), increased betaine distribution into tissues, and improved ileal villous height (p < 0.001) and TER (p = 0.006). Heat stress increased EBD in the muscle and kidney of chickens fed the control diet but not in those receiving betaine. Overall, these data indicate that supplemented betaine is distributed to vital organs and the gastrointestinal tract, where it is associated with improved tolerance of HS. Furthermore, EBD markers help reveal the effects of HS on organs dysfunction.

ACS Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy James Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Weicheng Zhao; Hieu Huu Le; Rachel McQuade; John Barton Furness; Frank Rowland Dunshea. Dietary Betaine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Ameliorates the Impact of Heat Stress in Multiple Vital Organs as Measured by Evans Blue Dye in Broiler Chickens. Animals 2019, 10, 38 .

AMA Style

Majid Shakeri, Jeremy James Cottrell, Stuart Wilkinson, Weicheng Zhao, Hieu Huu Le, Rachel McQuade, John Barton Furness, Frank Rowland Dunshea. Dietary Betaine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Ameliorates the Impact of Heat Stress in Multiple Vital Organs as Measured by Evans Blue Dye in Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2019; 10 (1):38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy James Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Weicheng Zhao; Hieu Huu Le; Rachel McQuade; John Barton Furness; Frank Rowland Dunshea. 2019. "Dietary Betaine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Ameliorates the Impact of Heat Stress in Multiple Vital Organs as Measured by Evans Blue Dye in Broiler Chickens." Animals 10, no. 1: 38.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2019 in Antioxidants
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Heat stress (HS) causes oxidative stress, which compromises broiler performance and meat quality. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary antioxidants could be used as an amelioration strategy. Seventy-two day-old-male Ross-308 chicks were exposed to either thermoneutral or cyclical heat stress conditions. Diets were either control commercial diet (CON), CON plus betaine (BET), or with a combination of betaine, selenized yeast, and vitamin E (BET + AOX). Heat stress increased the rectal temperature (p < 0.001), respiration rate (p < 0.001), decreased blood pCO2 (p = 0.002), and increased blood pH (p = 0.02), which indicated the HS broilers had respiratory alkalosis. Final body weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001), whereas it was improved with BET (p = 0.05). Heat stress reduced cooking loss (p = 0.007) and no effect on drip loss, while BET decreased the drip loss (p = 0.01). Heat stress reduced the myofibril fragmentation index (p < 0.001) and increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p < 0.001), while these were improved with the combination of BET + AOX (p = 0.003). In conclusion, BET overall improved growth rates and product quality in this small university study, whereas some additional benefits were provided by AOX on product quality in both TN and HS broilers.

ACS Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Hieu H. Le; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Robyn D. Warner; Frank R. Dunshea. Growth Performance and Characterization of Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Betaine and Antioxidants under Cyclic Heat Stress. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 336 .

AMA Style

Majid Shakeri, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Stuart Wilkinson, Hieu H. Le, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Robyn D. Warner, Frank R. Dunshea. Growth Performance and Characterization of Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Betaine and Antioxidants under Cyclic Heat Stress. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (9):336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Shakeri; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Stuart Wilkinson; Hieu H. Le; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Robyn D. Warner; Frank R. Dunshea. 2019. "Growth Performance and Characterization of Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Betaine and Antioxidants under Cyclic Heat Stress." Antioxidants 8, no. 9: 336.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2019 in Animals
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1,3-Butanediol (BD) is a ketogenic substance that can improve piglet growth and survival and potentially increase performance in gilt progeny when provided as a dietary supplement during late gestation. Gilts (n = 77; parity 1) and sows (n = 74; parities 2 and 3) were fed either a standard commercial gestation diet or a diet supplemented with 4% BD from day 90 of gestation until farrowing. Dams fed with diets supplemented with BD had higher plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.01) and lower non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (p < 0.001). The percentage of progeny that were light-for-age (

ACS Style

Udani Wijesiriwardana; John R. Pluske; Jessica R. Craig; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank R. Dunshea. Dietary Inclusion of 1,3-Butanediol Increases Dam Circulating Ketones and Increases Progeny Birth Weight. Animals 2019, 9, 479 .

AMA Style

Udani Wijesiriwardana, John R. Pluske, Jessica R. Craig, Jeremy Cottrell, Frank R. Dunshea. Dietary Inclusion of 1,3-Butanediol Increases Dam Circulating Ketones and Increases Progeny Birth Weight. Animals. 2019; 9 (8):479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Udani Wijesiriwardana; John R. Pluske; Jessica R. Craig; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank R. Dunshea. 2019. "Dietary Inclusion of 1,3-Butanediol Increases Dam Circulating Ketones and Increases Progeny Birth Weight." Animals 9, no. 8: 479.

Comparative study
Published: 02 July 2019 in Journal of Animal Science
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Gilt progeny (GP) often have restricted growth performance and health status in comparison to sow progeny (SP) from birth, with the underlying mechanisms responsible for this yet to be fully understood. The present study aimed to compare differences in growth and development between GP and SP in the first 24 h after birth and in the periweaning period. Two cohorts of pigs including 36 GP and 37 SP were euthanized at 1 of 4 time points: a birth cohort (at birth before suckling, 0 h; and 24 h after birth, 24 h; n = 33) and a weaning cohort (at approximately 29 d of age; “pre-weaning,” PrW; and 24 h after weaning; “post-weaning,” PoW; n = 40). Pigs were individually weighed at 0 h, 24 h, PrW, and PoW up until the point of euthanasia, at which time the weights of selected tissues and organs were recorded and analyzed relative to BW. The length of the small intestine (SI), femur, and body were also measured, and a serum sample was collected and analyzed for IgG concentration. Samples of jejunal and ileal mucosa were collected and analyzed for total protein and specific activity of lactase. Euthanized GP were lighter (P < 0.01) than SP at all time points. At all time points, the ratios of quadriceps weight to femur length, BW to body length, spleen to BW (all P < 0.05), and SI weight to length (P < 0.10) were lower in GP than in SP. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.05) in stomach or heart to BW ratios between GP and SP in either cohort. The brain to liver weight ratio was greater (P = 0.044) in GP than in SP in the birth cohort, and the brain to BW ratio was greater (P < 0.01) in GP in both the birth and weaning cohorts. The liver to BW ratio was similar (P = 0.35) at birth but greater (P = 0.014) in GP around weaning. Total mucosal protein content in the jejunum and ileum was lower (P = 0.007) in GP at 24 h compared with SP, and specific activity of lactase was greater (P = 0.022) in GP in the birth cohort, whereas there were no differences in the weaning cohort (P ≥ 0.10). Gilt progeny had lower (P < 0.001) serum IgG concentration compared with SP at 24 h, but there was no difference (P ≥ 0.10) in the weaning cohort. Collectively, these findings suggest that the early development of GP may be delayed compared with SP and that a number of the anatomical differences between GP and SP that exist after birth are also present at weaning.

ACS Style

Jessica R Craig; Frank R Dunshea; Jeremy Cottrell; John B Furness; Udani A Wijesiriwardana; John R Pluske. A comparison of the anatomical and gastrointestinal functional development between gilt and sow progeny around birth and weaning1. Journal of Animal Science 2019, 97, 3809 -3822.

AMA Style

Jessica R Craig, Frank R Dunshea, Jeremy Cottrell, John B Furness, Udani A Wijesiriwardana, John R Pluske. A comparison of the anatomical and gastrointestinal functional development between gilt and sow progeny around birth and weaning1. Journal of Animal Science. 2019; 97 (9):3809-3822.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jessica R Craig; Frank R Dunshea; Jeremy Cottrell; John B Furness; Udani A Wijesiriwardana; John R Pluske. 2019. "A comparison of the anatomical and gastrointestinal functional development between gilt and sow progeny around birth and weaning1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 9: 3809-3822.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Journal of Functional Foods
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Chunhe Gu; Kate Howell; Anneline Padayachee; Thea Comino; Ratana Chhan; Pangzhen Zhang; Ken Ng; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank R. Dunshea. Effect of a polyphenol-rich plant matrix on colonic digestion and plasma antioxidant capacity in a porcine model. Journal of Functional Foods 2019, 57, 211 -221.

AMA Style

Chunhe Gu, Kate Howell, Anneline Padayachee, Thea Comino, Ratana Chhan, Pangzhen Zhang, Ken Ng, Jeremy Cottrell, Frank R. Dunshea. Effect of a polyphenol-rich plant matrix on colonic digestion and plasma antioxidant capacity in a porcine model. Journal of Functional Foods. 2019; 57 ():211-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunhe Gu; Kate Howell; Anneline Padayachee; Thea Comino; Ratana Chhan; Pangzhen Zhang; Ken Ng; Jeremy Cottrell; Frank R. Dunshea. 2019. "Effect of a polyphenol-rich plant matrix on colonic digestion and plasma antioxidant capacity in a porcine model." Journal of Functional Foods 57, no. : 211-221.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2019 in Animals
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Feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to dams has been shown to improve progeny growth and survival, and hence may be particularly advantageous to gilt progeny. Primiparous (n = 129) and multiparous sows (n = 123; parities 3 and 4) were fed one of four diets from day 107 of gestation (107.3 ± 0.1 days) until weaning (day 27.2 ± 0.1 of lactation): (i) control diet; (ii) 0.5% CLA diet; (iii) 0.1% MCFA diet; and (iv) equal parts of (ii) and (iii). Progeny performance data were collected and, from a subset of sows (n = 78) and their piglets (n = 144), a colostrum (day 0), milk (day 21), and piglet serum sample (day 3) were analyzed for immunoglobulin G and several selected metabolites. Liveborn pre-weaning mortality tended to be lowest (p = 0.051) in piglets from sows fed 0.5% CLA. However, sows fed the CLA diet had more (p = 0.005) stillbirths than those on the other diets. There were few effects of diet or the dam parity x diet interaction (p ≥ 0.05) on other parameters. Overall, feeding CLA or MCFA did not improve the performance of primiparous sows, multiparous sows, or their progeny.

ACS Style

Jessica R. Craig; Frank R. Dunshea; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Erin M. Ford; Udani A. Wijesiriwardana; John R. Pluske. Feeding Conjugated Linoleic Acid without a Combination of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Late Gestation and Lactation Improves Pre-Weaning Survival Rates of Gilt and Sow Progeny. Animals 2019, 9, 62 .

AMA Style

Jessica R. Craig, Frank R. Dunshea, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Erin M. Ford, Udani A. Wijesiriwardana, John R. Pluske. Feeding Conjugated Linoleic Acid without a Combination of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Late Gestation and Lactation Improves Pre-Weaning Survival Rates of Gilt and Sow Progeny. Animals. 2019; 9 (2):62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jessica R. Craig; Frank R. Dunshea; Jeremy J. Cottrell; Erin M. Ford; Udani A. Wijesiriwardana; John R. Pluske. 2019. "Feeding Conjugated Linoleic Acid without a Combination of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Late Gestation and Lactation Improves Pre-Weaning Survival Rates of Gilt and Sow Progeny." Animals 9, no. 2: 62.