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This study examined the spatial variability of throughfall (Tf ) and its implications for sampling throughfall during the leafless period of oak trees. To do this, we measured Tf under five single Brant’s oak trees (Quercus brantii var. Persica), in the Zagros region of Iran, spanning a six-month-long study period. Overall, the Tf amounted to 85.7% of gross rainfall. The spatial coefficient of variation (CV) for rainstorm total Tf volumes was 25%, on average, and it decreased as the magnitude of rainfall increased. During the leafless period, Tf was spatially autocorrelated over distances of 1 to 3.5 m, indicating the benefits of sampling with relatively elongated troughs. Our findings highlight the great variability of Tf under the canopies of Brant’s oaks during their leafless period. We may also conclude that the 29 Tf collectors used in the present study were sufficient to robustly estimate tree-scale Tf values within a 10% error of the mean at the 95% confidence level. Given that a ±10% uncertainty in Tf is associated with a ±100% uncertainty in interception loss, this underscores the challenges in its measurement at the individual tree level in the leafless season. These results are valuable for determining the number and placement of Tf collectors, and their expected level of confidence, when measuring tree-level Tf of scattered oak trees and those in forest stands.
Omid Fathizadeh; Seyed Sadeghi; Iman Pazhouhan; Sajad Ghanbari; Pedram Attarod; Lei Su. Spatial Variability and Optimal Number of Rain Gauges for Sampling Throughfall under Single Oak Trees during the Leafless Period. Forests 2021, 12, 585 .
AMA StyleOmid Fathizadeh, Seyed Sadeghi, Iman Pazhouhan, Sajad Ghanbari, Pedram Attarod, Lei Su. Spatial Variability and Optimal Number of Rain Gauges for Sampling Throughfall under Single Oak Trees during the Leafless Period. Forests. 2021; 12 (5):585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmid Fathizadeh; Seyed Sadeghi; Iman Pazhouhan; Sajad Ghanbari; Pedram Attarod; Lei Su. 2021. "Spatial Variability and Optimal Number of Rain Gauges for Sampling Throughfall under Single Oak Trees during the Leafless Period." Forests 12, no. 5: 585.
Previous studies have demonstrated changes in plant growth and reproduction in response to nutrient availability, but how investigations of such responses to multiple levels of nutrient enrichment remains unclear. In this study, we manipulated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability to examine seed production responses to three levels each of N and P addition in a factorial experiment: no N addition (0 g N m-2 yr-1), low N addition (10 g N m-2 yr-1), high N addition (40 g N m-2 yr-1), and no P addition (0 g P m-2 yr-1), low P addition (5 g P m-2 yr-1), high P addition (10 g P m-2 yr-1). Low N addition enhanced seed production by 814%, 1371%, and 1321% under ambient, low, and high P addition levels, respectively. High N addition increased seed production by 2136%, 3560%, and 3550% under ambient, low, and high P addition levels, respectively. However, P addition did not affect seed production in the absence of N addition, but it did enhance it under N addition. Furthermore, N addition enhanced seed production mainly by increasing the tiller number and inflorescence abundance per plant, whereas P addition stimulated it by decreasing the plant density yet stimulating height of plants and their seed number per inflorescence. Our results indicate seed production is limited not by P but rather by N in the temperate steppe, whereas seed production will be increased by P addition when N availability is improved. These findings enable a better understanding of plant reproduction dynamics of steppe ecosystems under intensified nutrient enrichment and can inform their improved management in the future.
Lei Su; Mengzhou Liu; Chengming You; Qun Guo; Zhongmin Hu; Zhongling Yang; Guoyong Li. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition differentially enhance seed production of dominant species in a temperate steppe. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLei Su, Mengzhou Liu, Chengming You, Qun Guo, Zhongmin Hu, Zhongling Yang, Guoyong Li. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition differentially enhance seed production of dominant species in a temperate steppe. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Su; Mengzhou Liu; Chengming You; Qun Guo; Zhongmin Hu; Zhongling Yang; Guoyong Li. 2021. "Nitrogen and phosphorus addition differentially enhance seed production of dominant species in a temperate steppe." , no. : 1.
Throughfall (TF) makes up the majority of understory rainfall and thereby plays an important role in controlling the amount of water reaching the forest floor. TF under a single Quercus castaneifolia (C.A.Mey, chestnut-leaved oak) tree in Northern Iran was measured during the leafed and leafless periods. TF quantity under the Q. castaneifolia canopy made up 69.3% and 88.0% of gross rainfall during leafed and leafless periods, respectively. Phenoseason influenced TF distribution patterns as TF temporal patterns during the leafed period were slightly more stable than during the leafless periods. The minimum number of TF collectors needed to yield a representative mean TF with accepted errors of 10% at 95% confidence level was twenty-six and twelve TF collectors for leafed and leafless periods, respectively. We conclude that phenoseasonality significantly affects TF spatiotemporal variability and presented the required number of collectors necessary for sampling TF under an individual Q. castaneifolia tree.
Omid Fathizadeh; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Curtis D. Holder; Lei Su. Leaf Phenology Drives Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Throughfall under a Single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. Forests 2020, 11, 688 .
AMA StyleOmid Fathizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Curtis D. Holder, Lei Su. Leaf Phenology Drives Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Throughfall under a Single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):688.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmid Fathizadeh; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Curtis D. Holder; Lei Su. 2020. "Leaf Phenology Drives Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Throughfall under a Single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey." Forests 11, no. 6: 688.
Abies chensiensis is listed as a threatened species in the Red List and categorized as key protected wild plants in China. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of A. chensiensis using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 121,795 bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 67,160 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 54,107 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 264 bp each. It was composed of 114 genes, including 68 peptide-encoding genes, 35 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), six open reading frames and one pseudogene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. chensiensis was most closely related to A. beshanzuensis, with high bootstrap values. The present research will provide potential genetic resources for further conservation and management strategies.
Lei Su; Peng-Fei Zhao; Xiao-Fang Lu; Yi-Zhen Shao. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Abies chensiensis (Pinaceae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2019, 4, 3262 -3263.
AMA StyleLei Su, Peng-Fei Zhao, Xiao-Fang Lu, Yi-Zhen Shao. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Abies chensiensis (Pinaceae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 2019; 4 (2):3262-3263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Su; Peng-Fei Zhao; Xiao-Fang Lu; Yi-Zhen Shao. 2019. "The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Abies chensiensis (Pinaceae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 2: 3262-3263.
Mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaved forest is the transitional type of evergreen broadleaved forest and deciduous broadleaved forest, and plays a unique eco-hydrologic role in terrestrial ecosystem. We investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of throughfall volume of the forest type in Shennongjia, central China. The results indicated that throughfall represented 84.8% of gross rainfall in the forest. The mean CV (coefficient of variation) of throughfall was 27.27%. Inter-event variability in stand-scale throughfall generation can be substantially altered due to changes in rainfall characteristics, throughfall CV decreased with increasing rainfall amount and intensity, and reached a quasi-constant level when rainfall amount reached 25 mm or rainfall intensity reached 2 mm h−1. During the leafed period, the spatial pattern of throughfall was highly temporal stable, which may result in spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture.
Lei Su; Zongqiang Xie; Wenting Xu; Changming Zhao. Variability of throughfall quantity in a mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaved forest in central China. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 2019, 67, 225 -231.
AMA StyleLei Su, Zongqiang Xie, Wenting Xu, Changming Zhao. Variability of throughfall quantity in a mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaved forest in central China. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics. 2019; 67 (3):225-231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Su; Zongqiang Xie; Wenting Xu; Changming Zhao. 2019. "Variability of throughfall quantity in a mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaved forest in central China." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 67, no. 3: 225-231.
Rainfall is one of the primary sources of chemical inputs in forest ecosystems, and the basis of forest nutrient cycling. Mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests are currently one of the most threatened ecosystems due to their sensitivity to anthropogenic climate change. As such, understanding the hydrochemical fluxes of these systems is critical for managing their dynamics in the future. We investigate the chemistry of bulk precipitation, stemflow and throughfall in a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in the Shennongjia region of Central China. Mean nutrient concentrations in throughfall and stemflow were higher than in bulk precipitation. Stemflow ion fluxes from deciduous tree species were greater than those for evergreen tree species because of the differences in bark morphology and branch architecture. Throughfall and stemflow chemistry fluctuated dramatically over the growing season. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were retained, while other elements and compounds were washed off or leached via throughfall and stemflow pathways. Our findings will facilitate a greater understanding of nutrient balance in canopy water fluxes.
Lei Su; Changming Zhao; Wenting Xu; Zongqiang Xie. Hydrochemical Fluxes in Bulk Precipitation, Throughfall, and Stemflow in a Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaved Forest. Forests 2019, 10, 507 .
AMA StyleLei Su, Changming Zhao, Wenting Xu, Zongqiang Xie. Hydrochemical Fluxes in Bulk Precipitation, Throughfall, and Stemflow in a Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaved Forest. Forests. 2019; 10 (6):507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Su; Changming Zhao; Wenting Xu; Zongqiang Xie. 2019. "Hydrochemical Fluxes in Bulk Precipitation, Throughfall, and Stemflow in a Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaved Forest." Forests 10, no. 6: 507.
As a consequence of climate change, a higher frequency of spring drought periods followed by episodic precipitation events is predicted for Central China. Little is known about the effect of drought intensity on the response of soil CO2 efflux to discrete precipitation events in forest ecosystems. A field experiment was conducted to assess the responses of soil CO2 efflux to spring drought and precipitation pulse in an oak forest located at climatic transitional zone in Central China. Soil respiration (SR) and heterotrophic respiration (HR) under 30-day drought showed higher responses to precipitation pulse than those under control and 20- day drought treatments. Regardless of drought intensity, precipitation events of 5, 10, and 20 mm levels significantly increased SR by 86.0, 103.4, and 175.2%, and HR by 108.4, 129.5, and 161.5% when compared with non-water addition plots, respectively. Severe drought treatment (30-day drought) amplified the contribution of HR to SR in response to precipitation pulse (84.5% vs 78.3% for the control). Drought intensity rather than precipitation amount showed substantial influence on total carbon loss through SR and HR. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both drought intensity and precipitation events and their impacts on soil carbon cycling into future predictions of forest ecosystems under climate change.
Yanchun Liu; Cancan Zhao; Qing Shang; Lei Su; Lei Wang. Responses of soil respiration to spring drought and precipitation pulse in a temperate oak forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2019, 268, 289 -298.
AMA StyleYanchun Liu, Cancan Zhao, Qing Shang, Lei Su, Lei Wang. Responses of soil respiration to spring drought and precipitation pulse in a temperate oak forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2019; 268 ():289-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanchun Liu; Cancan Zhao; Qing Shang; Lei Su; Lei Wang. 2019. "Responses of soil respiration to spring drought and precipitation pulse in a temperate oak forest." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 268, no. : 289-298.
Livestock breeding and production activities provide the livelihood for herdsmen; nevertheless, the accompanying trampling has the potential to negatively influence the physiochemical environment of soil. The policy of returning grazing land to grassland has greatly influenced both biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the regulatory mechanism behind changes of soil infiltration capacity remains largely unexplored. Here, three sites (a 1‐year (R1) and a 3‐year (R3) restoration grassland, which were both trampling‐induced roads, and an untrampled grassland) were sampled on the Mongolian Plateau of China. The infiltration parameters, soil properties, root channels area, and plant community were determined for each site. The results showed that the species richness, above‐ground biomass, and the proportion of forbs in the R3 grassland were 2.7, 5.5, and 30.8 times higher than those of the R1 grassland, respectively. The soil infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration increased with species richness, above‐ground biomass and the proportion of forbs. Importantly, all values of species richness, above‐ground biomass, and forbs ratio increased with progressing restoration. Overall, our results indicate that grasses recovered first after trampling ceased. Along with the improvement of soil surface conditions, forb species with greater root channels area increased gradually, which increased the soil infiltration rate. Our research highlights the changes in plant community of trampled roads and the regulatory influence of re‐vegetation on the soil infiltration ability.
Lei Su; Yongsheng Yang; Xiaoya Li; Dong Wang; Yanchun Liu; Yinzhan Liu; Zhongling Yang; Mingming Li. Increasing plant diversity and forb ratio during the revegetation processes of trampled areas and trails enhances soil infiltration. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 4025 -4034.
AMA StyleLei Su, Yongsheng Yang, Xiaoya Li, Dong Wang, Yanchun Liu, Yinzhan Liu, Zhongling Yang, Mingming Li. Increasing plant diversity and forb ratio during the revegetation processes of trampled areas and trails enhances soil infiltration. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (11):4025-4034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Su; Yongsheng Yang; Xiaoya Li; Dong Wang; Yanchun Liu; Yinzhan Liu; Zhongling Yang; Mingming Li. 2018. "Increasing plant diversity and forb ratio during the revegetation processes of trampled areas and trails enhances soil infiltration." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 11: 4025-4034.
Quantification of stemflow is necessary for the assessment of forest ecosystem hydrological effects. Nevertheless, variation of stemflow among plant functional groups is currently not well understood. Stemflow production of co-occurring evergreen broadleaved trees (Cyclobalanopsis multinervis and Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon) and deciduous broadleaved trees (Fagus engleriana and Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata) was quantified through field observations in a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest. The research results revealed that stemflow increased linearly with increasing rainfall magnitude, with precipitation depths of 6.9, 7.2, 10.0 and 14.8 mm required for the initiation of stemflow for C. multinervis, C. oxyodon, F. engleriana and Q. serrata, respectively. Stemflow percentage and funneling ratio (FR) increased with increasing rainfall in a logarithmic fashion. Stemflow percentage and FR tended to grow rapidly with increasing rainfall magnitude up to a rainfall threshold of 50 mm, above which, further rainfall increases brought about only small increases. For C. multinervis, C. oxyodon, F. engleriana and Q. serrata, FR averaged 19.8, 14.8, 8.9 and 2.8, respectively. The stemflow generating rainfall thresholds for evergreen species were smaller than for deciduous species. Furthermore, stemflow percentage and FR of the former was greater than the latter. For both evergreen species and deciduous species, overall funneling ratio (FRs) decreased with increasing basal area. We concluded that: (1) although stemflow partitioning represented a fairly low percentage of gross rainfall in mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests, it was capable of providing substantial amount of rainwater to tree boles; (2) the evergreen species were more likely to generate stemflow than deciduous species, and directed more intercepted rainwater to the root zone; (3) small trees were more productive in funneling stemflow than larger trees, which may provide a favorable condition for the survival and growth of small trees when competing with larger trees.
Lei Su; Wenting Xu; Changming Zhao; Zongqiang Xie; Hua Ju. Inter- and intra-specific variation in stemflow for evergreen species and deciduous tree species in a subtropical forest. Journal of Hydrology 2016, 537, 1 -9.
AMA StyleLei Su, Wenting Xu, Changming Zhao, Zongqiang Xie, Hua Ju. Inter- and intra-specific variation in stemflow for evergreen species and deciduous tree species in a subtropical forest. Journal of Hydrology. 2016; 537 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Su; Wenting Xu; Changming Zhao; Zongqiang Xie; Hua Ju. 2016. "Inter- and intra-specific variation in stemflow for evergreen species and deciduous tree species in a subtropical forest." Journal of Hydrology 537, no. : 1-9.
Interception loss accounts for a substantial portion of incident precipitation and evapotranspiration in forest ecosystems. Hence, identifying its magnitude is crucial for our understanding of biogeochemical cycling and related hydrological processes. In this study, gross rainfall partitioning into interception loss, throughfall and stemflow were measured and modeled using the revised Gash model for a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest over the 2014 growing season. Field survey results revealed that interception loss accounted for 14.3% of gross rainfall, while understory rainfall was 84.8% throughfall and 0.9% stemflow. The revised Gash model produced a fairly good agreement between observed and estimated rainfall partitioning. The model underestimated interception loss by only 6.6%, while throughfall and stemflow were slightly overestimated. Hence the interception loss predictions from the model were robust and reliable for this mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest. As quantified by the model, the vast majority of interception loss occurred as evaporation from the canopy under saturated conditions: 54.9% evaporated during rainfall events, and 38.3% after rainfall ceased. The sensitivity analysis indicated that predictions from the revised Gash model were most affected by changes in canopy storage capacity (S), followed by the mean evaporation rate (E̅) during rainfall events, the mean rainfall rate (R̅), and lastly canopy cover (c). Model predictions were least sensitive to trunk parameters (St and pt). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Lei Su; Changming Zhao; Wenting Xu; Zongqiang Xie. Modelling interception loss using the revised Gash model: a case study in a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in China. Ecohydrology 2016, 9, 1580 -1589.
AMA StyleLei Su, Changming Zhao, Wenting Xu, Zongqiang Xie. Modelling interception loss using the revised Gash model: a case study in a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in China. Ecohydrology. 2016; 9 (8):1580-1589.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Su; Changming Zhao; Wenting Xu; Zongqiang Xie. 2016. "Modelling interception loss using the revised Gash model: a case study in a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in China." Ecohydrology 9, no. 8: 1580-1589.