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Ismael Aguilar-Barajas
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico

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Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Circular Economy (CE) models are increasingly referenced in international fora and on many countries’ climate action agendas. This emphasis is associated with the international environmental and climate crisis. The case of the electronics industry remains particularly relevant, given its background in the use of CE models and its potential to enhance their use. This work focuses on consumer behavior regarding electronics products in Mexico. This is a largely under-researched topic not only in Mexico but also in Latin America. This study demonstrates that, by trying to extend the lifespan of their electronic products, consumers have awareness of product circularity. However, there is a lack of incentives to capitalize on this consumer interest, compounded by the limited participation of manufacturers and distributors. It is concluded that with a well-designed public policy, the electronics industry (including the mobile phone sector) in Mexico can move toward a CE model more rapidly. A stronger initiative for CE by design should be part of these policies, not only in Mexico but also internationally. The role of better eco-labelling in promoting consumers’ environmental awareness is essential. The lessons of this case study might be of interest to other countries as well.

ACS Style

Daniela Cordova-Pizarro; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Ciro A. Rodriguez; David Romero. Circular Economy in Mexico’s Electronic and Cell Phone Industry: Recent Evidence of Consumer Behavior. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7744 .

AMA Style

Daniela Cordova-Pizarro, Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Ciro A. Rodriguez, David Romero. Circular Economy in Mexico’s Electronic and Cell Phone Industry: Recent Evidence of Consumer Behavior. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Cordova-Pizarro; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Ciro A. Rodriguez; David Romero. 2020. "Circular Economy in Mexico’s Electronic and Cell Phone Industry: Recent Evidence of Consumer Behavior." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7744.

Original research article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Frontiers in Environmental Science
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The Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), strategically located in Northeastern Mexico, has a population of over 4.5 million people. The metropolis is the second largest economic center in the country, only after Mexico City, and maintains a key role in the Mexico-US trade corridor. Thus, the issue of urban resilience to extreme weather events is a matter of national security and not only a local concern. In July 2010, Hurricane Alex hit the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA). It is estimated that 15 human lives were lost. The hurricane generated severe damages to the metropolis's infrastructure and economy. In the aftermath of Hurricane Alex, the Nuevo Leon State Reconstruction Council (CERNL, in Spanish) was established, with the participation of government agencies and actors from the local community (universities, non-governmental organizations, and large firms). This paper analyses the role played by the CERNL in the reconstruction of the MMA. In 2013, the CERNL ended its mission. Most basic services and infrastructure were re-established, some of them within a few days and weeks after Alex hit the MMA. The relative good work of the Council, in spite of a fragmented and dysfunctional institutional framework, has to do with a local enabling environment that facilitated its establishment and the carrying out of activities. However, this case study also shows the difficulties associated with the design and implementation of coherent, sound strategies in this governance framework. Furthermore, the metropolis has been losing the policy capabilities built through the Council. This is a very risky current context that could have serious social, economic and environmental damages to Monterrey. The lessons presented in this contribution may be of interest to other cities in Mexico and elsewhere.

ACS Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Aldo I. Ramirez. Recovering of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico, After Hurricane Alex (2010): The Role of the Nuevo Leon State Reconstruction Council. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2019, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Aldo I. Ramirez. Recovering of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico, After Hurricane Alex (2010): The Role of the Nuevo Leon State Reconstruction Council. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2019; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Aldo I. Ramirez. 2019. "Recovering of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico, After Hurricane Alex (2010): The Role of the Nuevo Leon State Reconstruction Council." Frontiers in Environmental Science 7, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2019 in Water Security
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In 1994, former President of Mexico, Carlos Salinas de Gortari inaugurated El Cuchillo reservoir to transfer up to 10 m3/s from the Lower San Juan River to the city of Monterrey, a major Mexican metropolis. Since 1989, three agreements have been developed to finance, construct and operate the El Cuchillo project to benefit Monterrey and compensate the farmers in the downstream irrigation district. This study reviews the agreements and lessons from implementation experience after 25 years since the project’s inauguration. The El Cuchillo demonstrates that water reallocation needs to be designed and assessed within a regional perspective to identify, measure and share the costs and benefits of reallocation between rural and urban regions. This case study shows the need to compensate the region not the individual.

ACS Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Dustin E. Garrick. Water reallocation, benefit sharing, and compensation in northeastern Mexico: A retrospective assessment of El Cuchillo Dam. Water Security 2019, 8, 100036 .

AMA Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Dustin E. Garrick. Water reallocation, benefit sharing, and compensation in northeastern Mexico: A retrospective assessment of El Cuchillo Dam. Water Security. 2019; 8 ():100036.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Dustin E. Garrick. 2019. "Water reallocation, benefit sharing, and compensation in northeastern Mexico: A retrospective assessment of El Cuchillo Dam." Water Security 8, no. : 100036.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Environmental Science & Policy
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In 2010, flash floods triggered by Hurricane Alex caused fifteen fatalities in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA). In contrast, an estimated 225 people died in the 1988 Hurricane Gilbert disaster and reputedly, over 5,000 in the historical flood of 1909. The magnitude of hurricane-related impacts thus appears to be decreasing, indicating higher resilience to this hazard. This paper analyses the process of building resilience to flash floods in the MMA over the last several decades. Knowledge co-production plays a significant role in that process, particularly through the Nuevo Leon State Reconstruction Council, the multi-institutional, public-private-civil group of stakeholders established to guide and coordinate reconstruction efforts following the Hurricane Alex disaster. Findings reveal a complex, protracted and incremental resilience building process, conditioned by the nature of the hazard (infrequent but liable to cause significant damages) and contingent upon the city’s socioeconomic and institutional local context. This local context is embedded in a highly fragmented national water governance architecture that lacks inter-institutional co-ordination and has limited the city’s adaptive responses. Despite definite gains in building resilience, the city faces challenges notably in terms of the conservation and continuing development of knowledge co-produced in the aftermath of disasters.

ACS Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Nicholas Sisto; Aldo I. Ramirez; Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda. Building urban resilience and knowledge co-production in the face of weather hazards: flash floods in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Mexico). Environmental Science & Policy 2019, 99, 37 -47.

AMA Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Nicholas Sisto, Aldo I. Ramirez, Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda. Building urban resilience and knowledge co-production in the face of weather hazards: flash floods in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Mexico). Environmental Science & Policy. 2019; 99 ():37-47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Nicholas Sisto; Aldo I. Ramirez; Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda. 2019. "Building urban resilience and knowledge co-production in the face of weather hazards: flash floods in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Mexico)." Environmental Science & Policy 99, no. : 37-47.

Review
Published: 01 April 2019 in Environmental Research Letters
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Background: Competition for freshwater between cities and agriculture is projected to grow due to rapid urbanization, particularly in the Global South. Water reallocation from rural to urban regions has become a common strategy to meet freshwater needs in growing cities. Conceptual issues and associated measurement problems have impeded efforts to compare and learn from global experiences. This review examines the status and trends of water reallocation from rural to urban regions based on academic literature and policy documents. Methods: We conduct a systematic literature review to establish the global reallocation database (GRaD). This process yielded 97 published studies (academic and policy) on rural-to-urban reallocation. We introduce the concept of reallocation 'dyads' as the unit of analysis to describe the pair of a recipient (urban) and donor (rural) region. A coding framework was developed iteratively to classify the drivers, processes and outcomes of water reallocation from a political economy perspective. Results: The systematic review identified 69 urban agglomerations receiving water through 103 reallocation projects (dyads). Together these reallocation dyads involve approximately 16 billion m3 of water per year moving almost 13 000 kilometres to urban recipient regions with an estimated 2015 population of 383 million. Documented water reallocation dyads are concentrated in North America and Asia with the latter constituting the majority of dyads implemented since 2000. Synthesis: The analysis illustrates how supply and demand interact to drive water reallocation projects, which can take many forms, although collective negotiation and administrative decisions are most prevalent. Yet it also reveals potential biases and gaps in coverage for parts of the Global South (particularly in South America and Africa), where reallocation (a) can involve informal processes that are difficult to track and (b) receives limited coverage by the English-language literature covered by the review. Data regarding the impacts on the donor region and compensation are also limited, constraining evidence to assess whether a water reallocation project is truly effective, equitable and sustainable. We identify frameworks and metrics for assessing reallocation projects and navigating the associated trade-offs by drawing on the concept of benefit sharing.

ACS Style

Dustin Garrick; Lucia De Stefano; Winston Yu; Isabel Jorgensen; Erin O’Donnell; Laura Turley; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Xiaoping Dai; Renata De Souza Leão; Bharat Punjabi; Barbara Schreiner; Jesper Svensson; Charles Wight. Rural water for thirsty cities: a systematic review of water reallocation from rural to urban regions. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 043003 .

AMA Style

Dustin Garrick, Lucia De Stefano, Winston Yu, Isabel Jorgensen, Erin O’Donnell, Laura Turley, Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Xiaoping Dai, Renata De Souza Leão, Bharat Punjabi, Barbara Schreiner, Jesper Svensson, Charles Wight. Rural water for thirsty cities: a systematic review of water reallocation from rural to urban regions. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (4):043003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dustin Garrick; Lucia De Stefano; Winston Yu; Isabel Jorgensen; Erin O’Donnell; Laura Turley; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Xiaoping Dai; Renata De Souza Leão; Bharat Punjabi; Barbara Schreiner; Jesper Svensson; Charles Wight. 2019. "Rural water for thirsty cities: a systematic review of water reallocation from rural to urban regions." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 4: 043003.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2019 in Sustainability
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The circular economy (CE) model has become highly relevant in recent years, with the electronics industry being one of the sectors that has considered its application. Despite only a limited amount of literature being available on waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in Mexico, the Mexican Government, academic institutions, and electronics industry have coordinated efforts to implement the CE in the country. This study evaluates the current technical and economic situation of cellphone e-waste generated in Mexico by surveying and analyzing the main actors that influence the management of this waste and using a material flow analysis. Extensive fieldwork was conducted in order to quantify the extent of cellphone e-waste processing in both formal and informal channels. The study of printed circuit boards in cellphones shows that the total value of cellphone e-waste materials ranges between $11.277 and $12.444 million USD per year in Mexico. However, a value of only $0.677 million USD is recycled through formal channels. After characterizing the remanufacturing and recycling CE loops, we conclude that the potential for improvement and advancing towards a CE model is significant

ACS Style

Daniela Cordova-Pizarro; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; David Romero; Ciro A. Rodriguez. Circular Economy in the Electronic Products Sector: Material Flow Analysis and Economic Impact of Cellphone E-Waste in Mexico. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1361 .

AMA Style

Daniela Cordova-Pizarro, Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, David Romero, Ciro A. Rodriguez. Circular Economy in the Electronic Products Sector: Material Flow Analysis and Economic Impact of Cellphone E-Waste in Mexico. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Cordova-Pizarro; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; David Romero; Ciro A. Rodriguez. 2019. "Circular Economy in the Electronic Products Sector: Material Flow Analysis and Economic Impact of Cellphone E-Waste in Mexico." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1361.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in AIMS Geosciences
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Infectious intestinal diseases (IID) represent a widespread public health problem in Mexico. The country also faces major challenges with respect to the provision of residential water services (piped water and sewer)—an essential input for hygiene and cleanliness in homes. This paper analyzes morbidity rates from several IID associated with unsanitary living conditions along with a series of residential water services indicators for Mexico’s 2,456 municipalities. With data obtained through a special request to the federal epidemiological authority as well as official census data for 2010, we find stark regional contrasts and identify interesting spatial structures for both IID morbidity and residential water services indicators. In particular, municipalities tend to present values similar to neighboring municipalities, forming clusters of relatively high-value (or low-value) municipalities. Moreover we find that municipalities with a relatively high level of access to residential water services tend to present relatively low IID morbidity rates. These results have multiple public policy implications. In order to reduce the incidence of IID effectively and efficiently, interventions should explicitly consider the spatial structure of morbidity and target problem spots—which typically spill over state, municipal and other administrative boundaries. Moreover, improvements in the quality of access to piped water (for example, increasing the frequency of supply) may be as important for reducing morbidity as the expansion of basic access to this service

ACS Style

Nicholas P. Sisto; Laura Maribel Colima Valadez; Ismael Aguilar Barajas; Juan Jacob Ayala Gaytán. Infectious Intestinal Diseases and Residential Water Services in Mexico: a Spatial Analysis. AIMS Geosciences 2017, 3, 450 -466.

AMA Style

Nicholas P. Sisto, Laura Maribel Colima Valadez, Ismael Aguilar Barajas, Juan Jacob Ayala Gaytán. Infectious Intestinal Diseases and Residential Water Services in Mexico: a Spatial Analysis. AIMS Geosciences. 2017; 3 (3):450-466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas P. Sisto; Laura Maribel Colima Valadez; Ismael Aguilar Barajas; Juan Jacob Ayala Gaytán. 2017. "Infectious Intestinal Diseases and Residential Water Services in Mexico: a Spatial Analysis." AIMS Geosciences 3, no. 3: 450-466.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Water Policy
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Mexico is exposed to droughts and vulnerable to their impacts. Despite a history of serious economic and social consequences from drought, until recently national water policy did not acknowledge this type of natural disaster as a priority issue. This paper analyses how drought policy in Mexico has evolved since the creation of the National Water Commission in 1989 up to 2013, when the most specific initiative in that regard was introduced: the National Drought Program (Programa Nacional Contra la Sequía, PRONACOSE). Over that period of time drought has slowly but steadily gained importance in national water planning and management. Significant initiatives have been implemented, including a national drought early warning and monitoring system. Nevertheless, efforts still focus on compensating economic losses after the fact and little has been achieved in terms of reducing the country's vulnerability to drought. There is a great need to increase public awareness and boost the scientific knowledge necessary for the design of appropriate preventive measures. A long way remains to establish an effective, forward-looking, integrated and preventive drought management model.

ACS Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Nicholas P. Sisto; Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda; Aldo I. Ramírez; Jürgen Mahlknecht. Drought policy in Mexico: a long, slow march toward an integrated and preventive management model. Water Policy 2016, 18, 107 -121.

AMA Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Nicholas P. Sisto, Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda, Aldo I. Ramírez, Jürgen Mahlknecht. Drought policy in Mexico: a long, slow march toward an integrated and preventive management model. Water Policy. 2016; 18 (S2):107-121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Nicholas P. Sisto; Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda; Aldo I. Ramírez; Jürgen Mahlknecht. 2016. "Drought policy in Mexico: a long, slow march toward an integrated and preventive management model." Water Policy 18, no. S2: 107-121.

Articles
Published: 12 April 2016 in Water International
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In the western US–Mexico border region, both countries’ authorities look to desalination as a means to meet increased demands for dwindling supplies. In addition to several existing or planned desalination plants, plans exist to develop projects along Mexico’s coasts to convert seawater into freshwater primarily for conveyance and consumption in the United States. Even though desalination systems have the potential to increase water supply in the region, there are associated consequences, costs and constraints. To understand the impacts of such binational desalination systems, this paper assesses, through a water-security framework, the case of a proposed desalination plant on the Upper Gulf of California. The analysis suggests that for binational desalination systems, there are several key areas of impact against which the benefits of increased water supply must be weighed.

ACS Style

Margaret O. Wilder; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Nicolás Pineda-Pablos; Robert G. Varady; Sharon B. Megdal; Jamie McEvoy; Robert Merideth; Adriana Zuniga-Teran; Christopher A. Scott. Desalination and water security in the US–Mexico border region: assessing the social, environmental and political impacts. Water International 2016, 41, 756 -775.

AMA Style

Margaret O. Wilder, Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Nicolás Pineda-Pablos, Robert G. Varady, Sharon B. Megdal, Jamie McEvoy, Robert Merideth, Adriana Zuniga-Teran, Christopher A. Scott. Desalination and water security in the US–Mexico border region: assessing the social, environmental and political impacts. Water International. 2016; 41 (5):756-775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margaret O. Wilder; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Nicolás Pineda-Pablos; Robert G. Varady; Sharon B. Megdal; Jamie McEvoy; Robert Merideth; Adriana Zuniga-Teran; Christopher A. Scott. 2016. "Desalination and water security in the US–Mexico border region: assessing the social, environmental and political impacts." Water International 41, no. 5: 756-775.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
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This paper evaluates the risk of a water crisis – a substantial, sudden reduction in water supply – in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), posed by climate threats and the vulnerability of its water supply system. Our analysis of long-term precipitation, water supply and water availability data reveals that the MMA is highly vulnerable to recurring periods of exceptionally low precipitation and scarce surface water availability. We identify two episodes in the recent past (1998 and 2013) when the MMA water supply system almost collapsed as reservoirs neared depletion in the face of abnormally dry weather. Furthermore our climate projections point to warmer and drier future conditions for the region and consequently, heightened climate threats. We conclude that the risk of a water crisis in the MMA is substantial and probably will increase due to climate change. This establishes a clear and pressing need for a comprehensive package of adaptation measures to mitigate the consequences of a water crisis should one occur as well as to reduce the likelihood of such an event

ACS Style

Nicholas Sisto; Aldo I. Ramírez; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda. Climate threats, water supply vulnerability and the risk of a water crisis in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Northeastern Mexico). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 2016, 91, 2 -9.

AMA Style

Nicholas Sisto, Aldo I. Ramírez, Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda. Climate threats, water supply vulnerability and the risk of a water crisis in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Northeastern Mexico). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 2016; 91 ():2-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Sisto; Aldo I. Ramírez; Ismael Aguilar-Barajas; Víctor Orlando Magaña Rueda. 2016. "Climate threats, water supply vulnerability and the risk of a water crisis in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Northeastern Mexico)." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 91, no. : 2-9.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2013 in Articulo
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Since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into force in 1994, U.S.-Mexico trade has soared. The regional structure of trade flows within Mexico however has been hardly documented. This paper offers an analysis of state-level U.S.-Mexico trade flows. We find that the regional structure of bi-national trade under NAFTA has remained quite stable. Border States, in particular Texas and the Northeastern Mexico states, have consistently played a large role in overall U.S.-Mexico trade; nonetheless some non-borders states have also weighed heavily in that relationship, especially Michigan and Central Mexico states. The regional features of trade we identify point to varied and multi-layered border and trans-border dynamics that go beyond a simple border effect. Furthermore, we find that economic integration in the Texas-Northeastern Mexico region has intensified significantly under NAFTA in terms of business cycle synchronization. Moreover the region has come to display a considerable level of economic interdependence, as evidenced by the relatively large share of Northeastern Mexico’s economic output linked to its trade with Texas. These bi-national, border region economic linkages present opportunities as well as challenges for both national economic policies and the management of the shared border.

ACS Style

Ismael Aguilar Barajas; Nicholas P. Sisto; Edgardo Ayala Gaytán; Joana Chapa Cantú; Benjamín Hidalgo López. Trade Flows Between the United States and Mexico: NAFTA and the Border Region. Articulo 2013, 1 .

AMA Style

Ismael Aguilar Barajas, Nicholas P. Sisto, Edgardo Ayala Gaytán, Joana Chapa Cantú, Benjamín Hidalgo López. Trade Flows Between the United States and Mexico: NAFTA and the Border Region. Articulo. 2013; (10):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ismael Aguilar Barajas; Nicholas P. Sisto; Edgardo Ayala Gaytán; Joana Chapa Cantú; Benjamín Hidalgo López. 2013. "Trade Flows Between the United States and Mexico: NAFTA and the Border Region." Articulo , no. 10: 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 1990 in Progress in Planning
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ACS Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas. An evaluation of industrial estates in Mexico, 1970–1986. Progress in Planning 1990, 34, 93 -187.

AMA Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas. An evaluation of industrial estates in Mexico, 1970–1986. Progress in Planning. 1990; 34 ():93-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ismael Aguilar-Barajas. 1990. "An evaluation of industrial estates in Mexico, 1970–1986." Progress in Planning 34, no. : 93-187.