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Dr. Audrey C Tierney
School of Allied Health, Health Implementation Science and Technology Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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0 Clinical Nutrition
0 Inflammation
0 Non-communicable diseases
0 Mediterranean diet
0 Knowledge Translation

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diet quality

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Preprint content
Published: 11 June 2021
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ACS Style

Tala Raad; Anthony Villani; Angeliki Papadaki; Anne Griffin; Catherine Norton; Evangeline Mantzioris; Audrey Tierney. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet among adults in Ireland: a cross-sectional study. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Tala Raad, Anthony Villani, Angeliki Papadaki, Anne Griffin, Catherine Norton, Evangeline Mantzioris, Audrey Tierney. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet among adults in Ireland: a cross-sectional study. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tala Raad; Anthony Villani; Angeliki Papadaki; Anne Griffin; Catherine Norton; Evangeline Mantzioris; Audrey Tierney. 2021. "Adherence to a Mediterranean diet among adults in Ireland: a cross-sectional study." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Physical Therapy in Sport
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To explore injury profile, opinions on risk factors and injury prevention, among Irish amateur women soccer players. A cross-sectional online survey. Setting: Irish amateur winter league. Active players ≤18 years of age. Differences were found between injured and uninjured groups, and risk factors that significantly predict soccer injury were identified. 168 injuries were reported by 83 respondents during the winter season. An increased prevalence of competition anxiety was observed in (53.8%:n = 85 of respondents) compared to other risk factors. There was a negative association between injuries and players' general health state (OR = 0.820, 95% CI 0.7–0.9, p = 0.007). Players’ knowledge about some risk factors including playing position, joint hypermobility, and playing during menses contradicts current evidence. 50%; n = 67 of the respondents had not received any education on injury risk or prevention. This study identified that Irish amateur women soccer players that responded have different characteristics, prevalence of risk factors and injury profiles to women players from different levels and countries. The findings suggest that some players may not be aware of the existing evidence base pertaining to common risk factors for injury. Further research is required to confirm the findings and explore the implementation of injury prevention strategies.

ACS Style

Tahani A. Alahmad; Audrey C. Tierney; Roisin M. Cahalan; Nassr S. Almaflehi; Amanda M. Clifford. Injury risk profile of amateur Irish women soccer players and players’ opinions on risk factors and prevention strategies. Physical Therapy in Sport 2021, 50, 184 -194.

AMA Style

Tahani A. Alahmad, Audrey C. Tierney, Roisin M. Cahalan, Nassr S. Almaflehi, Amanda M. Clifford. Injury risk profile of amateur Irish women soccer players and players’ opinions on risk factors and prevention strategies. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2021; 50 ():184-194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tahani A. Alahmad; Audrey C. Tierney; Roisin M. Cahalan; Nassr S. Almaflehi; Amanda M. Clifford. 2021. "Injury risk profile of amateur Irish women soccer players and players’ opinions on risk factors and prevention strategies." Physical Therapy in Sport 50, no. : 184-194.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in HRB Open Research
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on clinical research. This paper aims to provide an insight into how the COVID-19 pandemic, associated public health restrictions and international guidance on the conduct of clinical research impacted two clinical rheumatology research trials - the Physiotherapist-led Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PIPPRA) and the MEDiterranean diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MEDRA) projects. Methods: The March 2019 public health restrictions imposed to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 occurred at a time when PIPPRA was in the process of delivering assessment and intervention on a face-to-face basis (n=48) and MEDRA had commenced recruitment. Participants in PIPPRA and MEDRA had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, with some being immunosuppressed and thus at a higher risk for COVID-19. The decision-making processes of both trials is outlined to demonstrate the required amendments to continue in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Amendments to PIPPRA and MEDRA trial protocols were agreed and received ethical and funder approval. Both trials switched from a face-to-face delivery to a telehealth using online platforms. The PIPPRA study was paused for five months (April-August 2020), resulting in n=33 (60%) deviations from assessment protocol. MEDRA switched from face-to-face to online recruitment with 20% (n=35/44) deviation in recruitment. Of the n=18 participants who consented to participating in a face-to-face trial, just n=2 (11%) opted to engage with telehealth delivery of the intervention. MEDRA assessment and intervention deviations were 100% as no sessions were completed as planned in 2020. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the PIPPRA and MEDRA clinical trials. Moving face-to-face clinical research to telehealth delivery may not be the panacea it is purported to be. Our experiences may be of benefit to researchers, clinicians, and funders in seeking to continue clinical research during a global pandemic.

ACS Style

Louise Larkin; Tala Raad; Anusha Moses; Alexander Fraser; Stephen Gallagher; Bente Appel Esbensen; Liam Glynn; Anne Griffin; Audrey Tierney; Norelee Kennedy. The impact of COVID-19 on clinical research: the PIPPRA and MEDRA experience. HRB Open Research 2021, 4, 55 .

AMA Style

Louise Larkin, Tala Raad, Anusha Moses, Alexander Fraser, Stephen Gallagher, Bente Appel Esbensen, Liam Glynn, Anne Griffin, Audrey Tierney, Norelee Kennedy. The impact of COVID-19 on clinical research: the PIPPRA and MEDRA experience. HRB Open Research. 2021; 4 ():55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Louise Larkin; Tala Raad; Anusha Moses; Alexander Fraser; Stephen Gallagher; Bente Appel Esbensen; Liam Glynn; Anne Griffin; Audrey Tierney; Norelee Kennedy. 2021. "The impact of COVID-19 on clinical research: the PIPPRA and MEDRA experience." HRB Open Research 4, no. : 55.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in HRB Open Research
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Background: The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020. An ongoing challenge in healthcare is ensuring that up-to-date and high-quality research evidence is implemented in practice. In the context of a global pandemic it is assumed, given the increased pressures on healthcare professionals that this problem has the potential to be exacerbated. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many health professionals being reassigned to areas outside their usual scope, returning to practice following absence or commencing their career as new entrants in the midst of a major crisis. These professionals are likely to require additional support to assist their confidence and competence. Aims: This project has two broad aims: to design and deliver an online educational platform to support nursing and allied health professionals in their clinical practice throughout the pandemic and to evaluate that platform and its implementation . Methods: The research protocol for this study consists of two work streams: the development and delivery of the online platform; and the project evaluation. This research will have a mixed methods approach including website data analytics, quantitative surveys and qualitative data analysis of semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: Through knowledge brokering and adherence to principles of effective technology-enhanced-learning this project will provide an accessible, individualised online educational resource to effectively meet the needs of individual nurses and allied health professionals in this unprecedented time. The evaluation of the platform and its implementation will provide key learning for future initiatives and may act as proof-of-concept for other organisations and countries seeking to support healthcare professionals’ knowledge needs during similar future pandemics.

ACS Style

Emma Carr; Arlene McCurtin; Audrey Tierney; Carol-Anne Murphy; Kevin Johnson; Selena O'connell; Claire Hickey; Sean Redmond; Alice Coffey. RapidInfo4U ­– an online individualised COVID-19 support intervention for nursing and allied health professionals: study protocol. HRB Open Research 2021, 4, 8 .

AMA Style

Emma Carr, Arlene McCurtin, Audrey Tierney, Carol-Anne Murphy, Kevin Johnson, Selena O'connell, Claire Hickey, Sean Redmond, Alice Coffey. RapidInfo4U ­– an online individualised COVID-19 support intervention for nursing and allied health professionals: study protocol. HRB Open Research. 2021; 4 ():8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emma Carr; Arlene McCurtin; Audrey Tierney; Carol-Anne Murphy; Kevin Johnson; Selena O'connell; Claire Hickey; Sean Redmond; Alice Coffey. 2021. "RapidInfo4U ­– an online individualised COVID-19 support intervention for nursing and allied health professionals: study protocol." HRB Open Research 4, no. : 8.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Nutrients
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The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (PREDIMED), respectively. The functional assessment included handgrip strength, lower body muscle strength, gait speed and agility/dynamic balance. Of the participants, 4.84% to 7.33% showed probable sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 1.16% to 2.93% of participants. Severe sarcopenia was shown by 0.86% to 1.49% of participants. Male; age group ≤65 years; lower body mass index (BMI); high levels of vigorous PA; and the consumption of more than one portion per day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts and/or preferential consumption of rabbit, chicken or turkey instead of beef, pork, hamburgers or sausages (OR = 0.126–0.454; all p < 0.013) resulted as protective factors, and more time of sedentary time (OR = 1.608–2.368; p = 0.032–0.041) resulted as a risk factor for some criteria of sarcopenia. In conclusion, age, diet, PA, and obesity can affect the risk of having low muscle strength, low muscle mass or low functional performance, factors connected with sarcopenia.

ACS Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo; Noelia González-Gálvez; Abraham López-Vivancos; Alejandro Espeso-García; Luis Martínez-Aranda; Gemma Gea-García; Francisco Orquín-Castrillón; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; José Jiménez-García; Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Emanuele Isidori; Chiara Fossati; Fabio Pigozzi; Lorenzo Rum; Catherine Norton; Audrey Tierney; Ilvis Äbelkalns; Agita Klempere-Sipjagina; Juris Porozovs; Heikki Hannola; Niko Niemisalo; Leo Hokka; David Jiménez-Pavón; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study. Nutrients 2020, 13, 8 .

AMA Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo, Noelia González-Gálvez, Abraham López-Vivancos, Alejandro Espeso-García, Luis Martínez-Aranda, Gemma Gea-García, Francisco Orquín-Castrillón, Ana Carbonell-Baeza, José Jiménez-García, Daniel Velázquez-Díaz, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Emanuele Isidori, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Lorenzo Rum, Catherine Norton, Audrey Tierney, Ilvis Äbelkalns, Agita Klempere-Sipjagina, Juris Porozovs, Heikki Hannola, Niko Niemisalo, Leo Hokka, David Jiménez-Pavón, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study. Nutrients. 2020; 13 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo; Noelia González-Gálvez; Abraham López-Vivancos; Alejandro Espeso-García; Luis Martínez-Aranda; Gemma Gea-García; Francisco Orquín-Castrillón; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; José Jiménez-García; Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Emanuele Isidori; Chiara Fossati; Fabio Pigozzi; Lorenzo Rum; Catherine Norton; Audrey Tierney; Ilvis Äbelkalns; Agita Klempere-Sipjagina; Juris Porozovs; Heikki Hannola; Niko Niemisalo; Leo Hokka; David Jiménez-Pavón; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. 2020. "Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study." Nutrients 13, no. 1: 8.

Review
Published: 02 October 2020 in HRB Open Research
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterised by swollen and painful joints. It is hypothesised that changes in lifestyle factors such as consuming a healthier diet may reduce the severity of RA symptoms. People living with RA commonly make alterations to their dietary intake with the hope of improving their symptoms. This systematic review aims to discuss the effects of dietary interventions with and without omega-3 supplementation for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs) will be conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register) and CINAHL will be searched from inception without using date restrictions. Primary outcomes will include measures of disease activity, inflammation and quality of life among adults living with RA. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the methodological appraisal of the studies will be assessed independently by two different reviewers (TR and AG) using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for RCTs, and Risk-of-Bias In Non-Randomised Studies Tool for NRCTs. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review. Only publically available data from previously published studies will be used. The findings of this systematic review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020147415 (11/02/2020).

ACS Style

Tala Raad; Elena George; Anne Griffin; Louise Larkin; Alexander Fraser; Norelee Kennedy; Audrey Tierney. Dietary interventions with or without omega-3 supplementation for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol. HRB Open Research 2020, 3, 72 .

AMA Style

Tala Raad, Elena George, Anne Griffin, Louise Larkin, Alexander Fraser, Norelee Kennedy, Audrey Tierney. Dietary interventions with or without omega-3 supplementation for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol. HRB Open Research. 2020; 3 ():72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tala Raad; Elena George; Anne Griffin; Louise Larkin; Alexander Fraser; Norelee Kennedy; Audrey Tierney. 2020. "Dietary interventions with or without omega-3 supplementation for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 3, no. : 72.

Review
Published: 11 July 2020 in Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and the presence of ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors elevates total risk. Lycopene, a carotenoid with high antioxidant capacity, may be protective. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to determine the efficacy of consuming dietary and/or supplemental lycopene on cardiovascular risk factors. Using the PRISMA guidelines, 4 databases were systematically searched from inception: Medline, Cinahl, Proquest, and Scopus. Intervention trials assessing dietary or supplemental lycopene on CVD outcomes were included. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included papers. Pooled analysis was conducted using outcomes with available data. Forty-three studies were included. Lycopene interventions were highly variable (supplement with or without food, based as tomato juice/paste/raw product, or combined with olive oil), the dose ranged from 1.44 to 75 mg lycopene/d and was not reported in 11 of 43 included studies. Studies reported conflicting findings for the effect of lycopene on cardiovascular risk factors, This was supported by meta-analyses where there were no significant differences between lycopene intervention and control groups for blood pressure and lipids (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides). This was observed for overall groups and in subgroup analyses for individuals with elevated risk factor concentrations at baseline. Lycopene interventions for cardiovascular risk factors were highly variable across studies in both the dosage provided and the mode of delivery (supplement or food based). As such, there are conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of lycopene to improve cardiovascular risk factors. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42018112174.

ACS Style

Audrey C Tierney; Chloe E Rumble; Lauren M Billings; Elena S George. Effect of Dietary and Supplemental Lycopene on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 2020, 11, 1453 -1488.

AMA Style

Audrey C Tierney, Chloe E Rumble, Lauren M Billings, Elena S George. Effect of Dietary and Supplemental Lycopene on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal. 2020; 11 (6):1453-1488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Audrey C Tierney; Chloe E Rumble; Lauren M Billings; Elena S George. 2020. "Effect of Dietary and Supplemental Lycopene on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 11, no. 6: 1453-1488.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2019 in Nutrition Reviews
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Context Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with inflammation acting as a key driver in its pathogenesis and progression. Diet has the potential to mediate the release of inflammatory markers; however, little is known about the effects of various diets. Objective This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary interventions on cytokines and adipokines in patients with NAFLD. Data Sources The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched for clinical trials investigating dietary interventions, with or without supplementation, on cytokines and adipokines in NAFLD patients. Data Extraction Basic characteristics of populations, dietary intervention protocol, cytokines, and adipokines were extracted for each study. Quality of evidence was assessed using the American Dietetic Association criteria. Data Analysis Nineteen studies with a total of 874 participants were included. The most frequently reported inflammatory outcomes were C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), adiponectin, and leptin. Hypocaloric, isocaloric, or low-fat diets significantly (P < 0.05) lowered levels of CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin. The addition of nutraceutical or pharmacological supplementation to dietary interventions appeared to elicit additional benefits for all of the most frequently reported inflammatory markers. Conclusions Hypo- or isocaloric diets alone, or with co-interventions that included a nutraceutical or pharmacological supplementation, appear to improve the inflammatory profile in patients with NAFLD. Thus, anti-inflammatory diets may have the potential to improve underlying chronic inflammation that underpins the pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD. In the absence of any known liver-sensitive markers, the use of cytokines and adipokines as a surrogate marker of liver disease should be further investigated in well-controlled trials.

ACS Style

Anjana J Reddy; Elena George; Stuart K Roberts; Audrey C Tierney. Effect of dietary intervention, with or without co-interventions, on inflammatory markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic literature review. Nutrition Reviews 2019, 77, 765 -786.

AMA Style

Anjana J Reddy, Elena George, Stuart K Roberts, Audrey C Tierney. Effect of dietary intervention, with or without co-interventions, on inflammatory markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic literature review. Nutrition Reviews. 2019; 77 (11):765-786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anjana J Reddy; Elena George; Stuart K Roberts; Audrey C Tierney. 2019. "Effect of dietary intervention, with or without co-interventions, on inflammatory markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic literature review." Nutrition Reviews 77, no. 11: 765-786.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2018 in Public Health Nutrition
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ObjectiveIn Ireland, the major causes of death are CVD. The current Irish healthy eating guidelines and food pyramid primarily advocate a low-fat diet. However, there is overwhelming scientific evidence for the benefits of a Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) in the prevention and management of metabolic disease as well as improving overall health and well-being. In the current commentary, the rationale to incorporate the principles of the Med Diet into the Irish dietary guidelines is presented.DesignPerspectives of authors.SettingLocal and international.SubjectsPopulations in Europe, North America and Australia.ResultsAdopting components of the Med Diet presents a more evidence-based approach to updating the current Irish dietary guidelines. Experience and lessons from other non-Mediterranean countries show that it could be a feasible and effective solution to improving the dietary habits of the Irish population to prevent and mange chronic diseases.ConclusionsPolicies and programmes to address perceived barriers to the Med Diet’s implementation and uptake in non-Mediterranean countries should be promoted.

ACS Style

Audrey C Tierney; Ioannis Zabetakis. Changing the Irish dietary guidelines to incorporate the principles of the Mediterranean diet: proposing the MedÉire diet. Public Health Nutrition 2018, 22, 375 -381.

AMA Style

Audrey C Tierney, Ioannis Zabetakis. Changing the Irish dietary guidelines to incorporate the principles of the Mediterranean diet: proposing the MedÉire diet. Public Health Nutrition. 2018; 22 (2):375-381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Audrey C Tierney; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2018. "Changing the Irish dietary guidelines to incorporate the principles of the Mediterranean diet: proposing the MedÉire diet." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 2: 375-381.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 25 April 2018 in Nutrition Research
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The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was designed to measure the inflammatory potential of one's diet. Evidence from observational studies supports that a higher (ie, more pro-inflammatory) DII score is associated with inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases. We hypothesized that reduction in DII score would improve inflammatory cytokines. To test this hypothesis, we assessed data from a dietary intervention trial in patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD) to determine whether reduction in DII scores through healthy diets is linked to improvement in inflammatory and related cardiometabolic risk markers. Participants (n = 65, 83% male) were randomized to a Mediterranean diet or low-fat diet intervention for 6-months. Anthropometry, body composition and blood markers were measured and DII scores were calculated from 7-day food diaries. After 6-months, in participants who completed the intervention (n = 56), reduction in DII score correlated significantly with reduction in high sensitivity interleukin-6 (hs-IL-6) (r = 0.34, 95% CI 0.05, 0.56) and triglycerides (r = −0.30, 95% CI -0.51, −0.06) but not with C-reactive protein, adiponectin, glucose, body composition or anthropometry. The adjusted mean difference in hs-IL-6 and triglycerides between the highest and lowest tertiles of DII improvement was −0.47 pg/mL (95% CI 0.41, 1.10) and +0.30 mmol/L (95% CI 1.06, 1.59), respectively. The present study found that improvement in DII score through healthy diet intervention was linked with reduced levels of hs-IL-6, but also increased triglycerides, in adult Australian patients with CHD. Future research is warranted to investigate the impact of change in DII on cardiometabolic risk markers in larger cohorts, other disease populations or healthy subjects and with longer-term follow up.

ACS Style

Hannah L Mayr; Catherine Itsiopoulos; Audrey C Tierney; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; James R. Hebert; Nitin Shivappa; Colleen J Thomas. Improvement in dietary inflammatory index score after 6-month dietary intervention is associated with reduction in interleukin-6 in patients with coronary heart disease: The AUSMED heart trial. Nutrition Research 2018, 55, 108 -121.

AMA Style

Hannah L Mayr, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Audrey C Tierney, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, James R. Hebert, Nitin Shivappa, Colleen J Thomas. Improvement in dietary inflammatory index score after 6-month dietary intervention is associated with reduction in interleukin-6 in patients with coronary heart disease: The AUSMED heart trial. Nutrition Research. 2018; 55 ():108-121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hannah L Mayr; Catherine Itsiopoulos; Audrey C Tierney; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; James R. Hebert; Nitin Shivappa; Colleen J Thomas. 2018. "Improvement in dietary inflammatory index score after 6-month dietary intervention is associated with reduction in interleukin-6 in patients with coronary heart disease: The AUSMED heart trial." Nutrition Research 55, no. : 108-121.

Comparative study
Published: 14 April 2018 in Nutrition Research
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A higher dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score is associated with inflammation and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). We hypothesized that a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention would reduce DII score. We assessed dietary data from a randomized controlled trial comparing 6-month MedDiet versus low-fat diet intervention, in patients with CHD. We aimed to determine the DII scores of the prescribed diets' model meal plans, followed by whether dietary intervention led to lower (i.e., more anti-inflammatory) DII scores and consequently lower high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (hs-IL-6). DII scores were calculated from 7-day food diaries. The MedDiet meal plan had a markedly lower DII score than the low-fat diet meal plan (−4.55 vs. -0.33, respectively). In 56 participants who completed the trial (84% male, mean age 62 ± 9 years), the MedDiet group significantly reduced DII scores at 6 months (n = 27; −0.40 ± 3.14 to −1.74 ± 2.81, P = .008) and the low-fat diet group did not change (n = 29; −0.17 ± 2.27 to 0.05 ± 1.89, P = .65). There was a significant post-intervention adjusted difference in DII score between groups (compared to low-fat, MedDiet decreased by −1.69 DII points; P = .004). When compared to the low-fat diet, the MedDiet non-significantly reduced hs-IL-6 (−0.32 pg/mL, P = .29) and increased hs-CRP (+0.09 mg/L, P = .84). These findings demonstrated that MedDiet intervention significantly reduced DII scores compared to a low-fat diet. However, in this small cohort of patients with CHD this did not translate to a significant improvement in measured inflammatory markers. The effect of improvement in DII with MedDiet should be tested in larger intervention trials and observational cohorts.

ACS Style

Hannah L Mayr; Colleen J Thomas; Audrey C Tierney; Teagan Kucianski; Elena S George; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; James R Hebert; Nitin Shivappa; Catherine Itsiopoulos. Randomization to 6-month Mediterranean diet compared with a low-fat diet leads to improvement in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores in patients with coronary heart disease: the AUSMED Heart Trial. Nutrition Research 2018, 55, 94 -107.

AMA Style

Hannah L Mayr, Colleen J Thomas, Audrey C Tierney, Teagan Kucianski, Elena S George, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, James R Hebert, Nitin Shivappa, Catherine Itsiopoulos. Randomization to 6-month Mediterranean diet compared with a low-fat diet leads to improvement in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores in patients with coronary heart disease: the AUSMED Heart Trial. Nutrition Research. 2018; 55 ():94-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hannah L Mayr; Colleen J Thomas; Audrey C Tierney; Teagan Kucianski; Elena S George; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; James R Hebert; Nitin Shivappa; Catherine Itsiopoulos. 2018. "Randomization to 6-month Mediterranean diet compared with a low-fat diet leads to improvement in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores in patients with coronary heart disease: the AUSMED Heart Trial." Nutrition Research 55, no. : 94-107.

Review
Published: 01 January 2018 in Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. In the absence of effective pharmacotherapies, clinical guidelines focus primarily on weight loss to treat this condition. Established consensus, evidence-based, and clinical dietary recommendations for NAFLD are currently lacking. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence-based practical dietary recommendations for the prevention and management of NAFLD in adults. A literature review focusing on established principles for the development of clinical practice recommendations was employed using the following criteria: based on substantial evidence, ensures risk minimization, is flexible for an individual patient approach, and is open to further modification as evidence emerges. The Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition classification system was used to grade these principles. Five key dietary recommendations were developed: 1) follow traditional dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet; 2) limit excess fructose consumption and avoid processed foods and beverages with added fructose; 3) PUFAs, especially long-chain omega-3 rich foods and MUFAs, should replace SFAs in the diet; 4) replace processed food, fast food, commercial bakery goods, and sweets with unprocessed foods high in fiber, including whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and seeds; and 5) avoid excess alcohol consumption. Improving diet quality may reduce the incidence and progression of NAFLD and associated risk factors. Many of the benefits are likely to result from the collective effect of dietary patterns. High-quality research—in particular, randomized clinical trials assessing dietary interventions that focus on liver-specific endpoints—are needed as a priority.

ACS Style

Elena S George; Adrienne Forsyth; Catherine Itsiopoulos; Amanda J Nicoll; Marno Ryan; Siddharth Sood; Stuart K Roberts; Audrey C Tierney. Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 2018, 9, 30 -40.

AMA Style

Elena S George, Adrienne Forsyth, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Amanda J Nicoll, Marno Ryan, Siddharth Sood, Stuart K Roberts, Audrey C Tierney. Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal. 2018; 9 (1):30-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena S George; Adrienne Forsyth; Catherine Itsiopoulos; Amanda J Nicoll; Marno Ryan; Siddharth Sood; Stuart K Roberts; Audrey C Tierney. 2018. "Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults." Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 9, no. 1: 30-40.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 11 November 2015 in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Background: Previous data support the benefits of reducing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on insulin resistance (IR) and other metabolic risk factors. However, whether the IR status of those suffering from metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects this response is not established. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether the degree of IR influences the effect of substituting high–saturated fatty acid (HSFA) diets by isoenergetic alterations in the quality and quantity of dietary fat on MetS risk factors. Design: In this single-blind, parallel, controlled, dietary intervention study, MetS subjects (n = 472) from 8 European countries classified by different IR levels according to homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were randomly assigned to 4 diets: an HSFA diet; a high–monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet; a low-fat, high–complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diet supplemented with long-chain n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (1.2 g/d); or an LFHCC diet supplemented with placebo for 12 wk (control). Anthropometric, lipid, inflammatory, and IR markers were determined. Results: Insulin-resistant MetS subjects with the highest HOMA-IR improved IR, with reduced insulin and HOMA-IR concentrations after consumption of the HMUFA and LFHCC n–3 diets (P < 0.05). In contrast, subjects with lower HOMA-IR showed reduced body mass index and waist circumference after consumption of the LFHCC control and LFHCC n–3 diets and increased HDL cholesterol concentrations after consumption of the HMUFA and HSFA diets (P < 0.05). MetS subjects with a low to medium HOMA-IR exhibited reduced blood pressure, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels after the LFHCC n–3 diet and increased apolipoprotein A-I concentrations after consumption of the HMUFA and HSFA diets (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Insulin-resistant MetS subjects with more metabolic complications responded differently to dietary fat modification, being more susceptible to a health effect from the substitution of SFAs in the HMUFA and LFHCC n–3 diets. Conversely, MetS subjects without IR may be more sensitive to the detrimental effects of HSFA intake. The metabolic phenotype of subjects clearly determines response to the quantity and quality of dietary fat on MetS risk factors, which suggests that targeted and personalized dietary therapies may be of value for its different metabolic features. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195.

ACS Style

Elena M Yubero-Serrano; Javier Delgado-Lista; Audrey C Tierney; Pablo Perez-Martinez; Antonio Garcia-Rios; Juan Francisco Alcala-Diaz; Justo P Castaño; Francisco Jose Tinahones; Christian A Drevon; Catherine Defoort; Ellen E Blaak; Aldona Dembinska-Kieć; Ulf Risérus; Julie A Lovegrove; Francisco Perez-Jimenez; Helen Roche; Jose Lopez-Miranda. Insulin resistance determines a differential response to changes in dietary fat modification on metabolic syndrome risk factors: the LIPGENE study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015, 102, 1509 -1517.

AMA Style

Elena M Yubero-Serrano, Javier Delgado-Lista, Audrey C Tierney, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Juan Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Justo P Castaño, Francisco Jose Tinahones, Christian A Drevon, Catherine Defoort, Ellen E Blaak, Aldona Dembinska-Kieć, Ulf Risérus, Julie A Lovegrove, Francisco Perez-Jimenez, Helen Roche, Jose Lopez-Miranda. Insulin resistance determines a differential response to changes in dietary fat modification on metabolic syndrome risk factors: the LIPGENE study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2015; 102 (6):1509-1517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena M Yubero-Serrano; Javier Delgado-Lista; Audrey C Tierney; Pablo Perez-Martinez; Antonio Garcia-Rios; Juan Francisco Alcala-Diaz; Justo P Castaño; Francisco Jose Tinahones; Christian A Drevon; Catherine Defoort; Ellen E Blaak; Aldona Dembinska-Kieć; Ulf Risérus; Julie A Lovegrove; Francisco Perez-Jimenez; Helen Roche; Jose Lopez-Miranda. 2015. "Insulin resistance determines a differential response to changes in dietary fat modification on metabolic syndrome risk factors: the LIPGENE study." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 102, no. 6: 1509-1517.

Clinical trial
Published: 23 December 2009 in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Progression of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Gene-environment interactions may be important in modulating the susceptibility to the development of MetS traits. Gene-nutrient interactions were examined in MetS subjects to determine interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and its receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) and plasma fatty acid composition and their effects on MetS characteristics. Plasma fatty acid composition, insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin and lipid concentrations, and ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 SNP genotypes were determined in a cross-sectional analysis of 451 subjects with the MetS who participated in the LIPGENE (Diet, Genomics, and the Metabolic Syndrome: an Integrated Nutrition, Agro-food, Social, and Economic Analysis) dietary intervention study and were repeated in 1754 subjects from the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX (SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants) case-control study (http://www.ucd.ie/lipgene). Single SNP effects were detected in the cohort. Triacylglycerols, nonesterified fatty acids, and waist circumference were significantly different between genotypes for 2 SNPs (rs266729 in ADIPOQ and rs10920533 in ADIPOR1). Minor allele homozygotes for both of these SNPs were identified as having degrees of insulin resistance, as measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, that were highly responsive to differences in plasma saturated fatty acids (SFAs). The SFA-dependent association between ADIPOR1 rs10920533 and insulin resistance was replicated in cases with MetS from a separate independent study, which was an association not present in controls. A reduction in plasma SFAs could be expected to lower insulin resistance in MetS subjects who are minor allele carriers of rs266729 in ADIPOQ and rs10920533 in ADIPOR1. Personalized dietary advice to decrease SFA consumption in these individuals may be recommended as a possible therapeutic measure to improve insulin sensitivity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195.

ACS Style

Jane F Ferguson; Catherine M Phillips; Audrey C Tierney; Pablo Pérez-Martínez; Catherine Defoort; Olfa Helal; Denis Lairon; Richard Planells; Danielle I Shaw; Julie A Lovegrove; Ingrid Mf Gjelstad; Christian A Drevon; Ellen E Blaak; Wim Hm Saris; Iwona Leszczyńska-Gołąbek; Beata Kiec-Wilk; Ulf Risérus; Brita Karlström; José Lopez- Miranda; Helen M Roche. Gene-nutrient interactions in the metabolic syndrome: single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1interact with plasma saturated fatty acids to modulate insulin resistance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009, 91, 794 -801.

AMA Style

Jane F Ferguson, Catherine M Phillips, Audrey C Tierney, Pablo Pérez-Martínez, Catherine Defoort, Olfa Helal, Denis Lairon, Richard Planells, Danielle I Shaw, Julie A Lovegrove, Ingrid Mf Gjelstad, Christian A Drevon, Ellen E Blaak, Wim Hm Saris, Iwona Leszczyńska-Gołąbek, Beata Kiec-Wilk, Ulf Risérus, Brita Karlström, José Lopez- Miranda, Helen M Roche. Gene-nutrient interactions in the metabolic syndrome: single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1interact with plasma saturated fatty acids to modulate insulin resistance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009; 91 (3):794-801.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jane F Ferguson; Catherine M Phillips; Audrey C Tierney; Pablo Pérez-Martínez; Catherine Defoort; Olfa Helal; Denis Lairon; Richard Planells; Danielle I Shaw; Julie A Lovegrove; Ingrid Mf Gjelstad; Christian A Drevon; Ellen E Blaak; Wim Hm Saris; Iwona Leszczyńska-Gołąbek; Beata Kiec-Wilk; Ulf Risérus; Brita Karlström; José Lopez- Miranda; Helen M Roche. 2009. "Gene-nutrient interactions in the metabolic syndrome: single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1interact with plasma saturated fatty acids to modulate insulin resistance." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 3: 794-801.