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Banana plants are affected by various viral diseases, among which the most devastating is the "bunchy top", caused by the Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) and transmitted by the aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel. The effect of BBTV on attraction mechanisms of dessert and plantain banana plants on the vector remains far from elucidated. For that, attractiveness tests were carried out using a two columns olfactometer for apterous aphids, and a flight cage experiment for alate aphids. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by either healthy or BBTV-infected banana plants were identified using a dynamic extraction system and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Behavioral results revealed a stronger attraction of aphids towards infected banana plants (independently from the variety), and towards the plantain variety (independently from the infection status). GC–MS results revealed that infected banana plants produced VOCs of the same mixture as healthy banana plants but in much higher quantities. In addition, VOCs produced by dessert and plantain banana plants were different in nature, and plantains produced higher quantities than dessert banana trees. This work opens interesting opportunities for biological control of P. nigronervosa, for example by luring away the aphid from banana plants through manipulation of olfactory cues.
Ignace Safari Murhububa; Kévin Tougeron; Claude Bragard; Marie-Laure Fauconnier; Espoir Bisimwa Basengere; Jean Walangululu Masamba; Thierry Hance. Banana Tree Infected with Banana Bunchy Top Virus Attracts Pentalonia nigronervosa Aphids Through Increased Volatile Organic Compounds Emission. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleIgnace Safari Murhububa, Kévin Tougeron, Claude Bragard, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, Espoir Bisimwa Basengere, Jean Walangululu Masamba, Thierry Hance. Banana Tree Infected with Banana Bunchy Top Virus Attracts Pentalonia nigronervosa Aphids Through Increased Volatile Organic Compounds Emission. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnace Safari Murhububa; Kévin Tougeron; Claude Bragard; Marie-Laure Fauconnier; Espoir Bisimwa Basengere; Jean Walangululu Masamba; Thierry Hance. 2021. "Banana Tree Infected with Banana Bunchy Top Virus Attracts Pentalonia nigronervosa Aphids Through Increased Volatile Organic Compounds Emission." Journal of Chemical Ecology , no. : 1-13.
Cassava is one of the most important staple crops in Africa and its production is seriously damaged by viral diseases. In this study, we identify for the first time and characterize the genome organization of novel ampeloviruses infecting cassava plants in diverse geographical locations using three high-throughput sequencing protocols [Virion-Associated Nucleotide Acid (VANA), dsRNA and total RNA], and we provide a first analysis of the diversity of these agents and of the evolutionary forces acting on them. Thirteen new Closteroviridae isolates were characterized in field-grown cassava plants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), Madagascar, Mayotte, and Reunion islands. The analysis of the sequences of the corresponding contigs (ranging between 10,417 and 13,752 nucleotides in length) revealed seven open reading frames. The replication-associated polyproteins have three expected functional domains: methyltransferase, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Additional open reading frames code for a small transmembrane protein, a heat-shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h), a heat shock protein 90 homolog (HSP90h), and a major and a minor coat protein (CP and CPd respectively). Defective genomic variants were also identified in some cassava accessions originating from Madagascar and Reunion. The isolates were found to belong to two species tentatively named Manihot esculenta-associated virus 1 and 2 (MEaV-1 and MEaV-2). Phylogenetic analyses showed that MEaV-1 and MEaV-2 belong to the genus Ampelovirus, in particular to its subgroup II. MEaV-1 was found in all of the countries of study, while MEaV-2 was only detected in Madagascar and Mayotte. Recombination analysis provided evidence of intraspecies recombination occurring between the isolates from Madagascar and Mayotte. No clear association with visual symptoms in the cassava host could be identified.
Yves Kwibuka; Espoir Bisimwa; Arnaud Blouin; Claude Bragard; Thierry Candresse; Chantal Faure; Denis Filloux; Jean-Michel Lett; François Maclot; Armelle Marais; Santatra Ravelomanantsoa; Sara Shakir; Hervé Vanderschuren; Sébastien Massart. Novel Ampeloviruses Infecting Cassava in Central Africa and the South-West Indian Ocean Islands. Viruses 2021, 13, 1030 .
AMA StyleYves Kwibuka, Espoir Bisimwa, Arnaud Blouin, Claude Bragard, Thierry Candresse, Chantal Faure, Denis Filloux, Jean-Michel Lett, François Maclot, Armelle Marais, Santatra Ravelomanantsoa, Sara Shakir, Hervé Vanderschuren, Sébastien Massart. Novel Ampeloviruses Infecting Cassava in Central Africa and the South-West Indian Ocean Islands. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYves Kwibuka; Espoir Bisimwa; Arnaud Blouin; Claude Bragard; Thierry Candresse; Chantal Faure; Denis Filloux; Jean-Michel Lett; François Maclot; Armelle Marais; Santatra Ravelomanantsoa; Sara Shakir; Hervé Vanderschuren; Sébastien Massart. 2021. "Novel Ampeloviruses Infecting Cassava in Central Africa and the South-West Indian Ocean Islands." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1030.
The rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) has been reported to infect rice in several countries in Africa and South America, but limited genomic data are currently publicly available. Here, eleven RSNV genomes were entirely sequenced, including the first corpus of RSNV genomes of African isolates. The genetic variability was differently distributed along the two genomic segments. The segment RNA1, within which clusters of polymorphisms were identified, showed a higher nucleotidic variability than did the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA1 segment. The diversity patterns of both viruses were similar in the RNA2 segment, except for an in-frame insertion of 243 nucleotides located in the RSNV tgbp1 gene. Recombination events were detected into RNA1 and RNA2 segments, in particular in the two most divergent RSNV isolates from Colombia and Sierra Leone. In contrast to BNYVV, the RSNV molecular diversity had a geographical structure with two main RSNV lineages distributed in America and in Africa. Our data on the genetic diversity of RSNV revealed unexpected differences with BNYVV suggesting a complex evolutionary history of the genus Benyvirus.
Issiaka Bagayoko; Marcos Celli; Gustavo Romay; Nils Poulicard; Agnès Pinel-Galzi; Charlotte Julian; Denis Filloux; Philippe Roumagnac; Drissa Sérémé; Claude Bragard; Eugénie Hébrard. Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus. Viruses 2021, 13, 737 .
AMA StyleIssiaka Bagayoko, Marcos Celli, Gustavo Romay, Nils Poulicard, Agnès Pinel-Galzi, Charlotte Julian, Denis Filloux, Philippe Roumagnac, Drissa Sérémé, Claude Bragard, Eugénie Hébrard. Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):737.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIssiaka Bagayoko; Marcos Celli; Gustavo Romay; Nils Poulicard; Agnès Pinel-Galzi; Charlotte Julian; Denis Filloux; Philippe Roumagnac; Drissa Sérémé; Claude Bragard; Eugénie Hébrard. 2021. "Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus." Viruses 13, no. 5: 737.
Bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas infect a wide range of crops and wild plants, with most species responsible for plant diseases that have a global economic and environmental impact on the seed, plant, and food trade. Infections by Xanthomonas spp. cause a wide variety of non-specific symptoms, making their identification difficult. The coexistence of phylogenetically close strains, but drastically different in their phenotype, poses an added challenge to diagnosis. Data on future climate change scenarios predict an increase in the severity of epidemics and a geographical expansion of pathogens, increasing pressure on plant health services. In this context, the effectiveness of integrated disease management strategies strongly depends on the availability of rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods. The accumulation of genomic information in recent years has facilitated the identification of new DNA markers, a cornerstone for the development of more sensitive and specific methods. Nevertheless, the challenges that the taxonomic complexity of this genus represents in terms of diagnosis together with the fact that within the same bacterial species, groups of strains may interact with distinct host species demonstrate that there is still a long way to go. In this review, we describe and discuss the current molecular-based methods for the diagnosis and detection of regulated Xanthomonas, taxonomic and diversity studies in Xanthomonas and genomic approaches for molecular diagnosis.
Vittoria Catara; Jaime Cubero; Joël Pothier; Eran Bosis; Claude Bragard; Edyta Đermić; Maria Holeva; Marie-Agnès Jacques; Francoise Petter; Olivier Pruvost; Isabelle Robène; David Studholme; Fernando Tavares; Joana Vicente; Ralf Koebnik; Joana Costa. Trends in Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity Studies for Phytosanitary Regulated Xanthomonas. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 862 .
AMA StyleVittoria Catara, Jaime Cubero, Joël Pothier, Eran Bosis, Claude Bragard, Edyta Đermić, Maria Holeva, Marie-Agnès Jacques, Francoise Petter, Olivier Pruvost, Isabelle Robène, David Studholme, Fernando Tavares, Joana Vicente, Ralf Koebnik, Joana Costa. Trends in Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity Studies for Phytosanitary Regulated Xanthomonas. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (4):862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVittoria Catara; Jaime Cubero; Joël Pothier; Eran Bosis; Claude Bragard; Edyta Đermić; Maria Holeva; Marie-Agnès Jacques; Francoise Petter; Olivier Pruvost; Isabelle Robène; David Studholme; Fernando Tavares; Joana Vicente; Ralf Koebnik; Joana Costa. 2021. "Trends in Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity Studies for Phytosanitary Regulated Xanthomonas." Microorganisms 9, no. 4: 862.
Xanthomonas theicola is the causal agent of bacterial canker on tea plants. There is no complete genome sequence available for X. theicola, a close relative of the species X. translucens and X. hyacinthi, thus limiting basic research for this group of pathogens. Here, we release a high-quality complete genome sequence for the X. theicola type strain, CFBP 4691T. Single-molecule real-time sequencing with a mean coverage of 264× revealed two contigs of 4,744,641 bp (chromosome) and 40,955 bp (plasmid) in size. Genome mining revealed the presence of nonribosomal peptide synthases, two CRISPR systems, the Xps type 2 secretion system, and the Hrp type 3 secretion system. Surprisingly, this strain encodes an additional type 2 secretion system and a novel type 3 secretion system with enigmatic function, hitherto undescribed for xanthomonads. Four type 3 effector genes were found on complete or partial transposons, suggesting a role of transposons in effector gene evolution and spread. This genome sequence fills an important gap to better understand the biology and evolution of the early-branching xanthomonads, also known as clade-1 xanthomonads.
Ralf Koebnik; Daiva Burokiene; Claude Bragard; Christine Chang; Marion Fischer-Le Saux; Roland Kölliker; Jillian M. Lang; Jan E. Leach; Emily K. Luna; Perrine Portier; Angeliki Sagia; Janet Ziegle; Stephen Philip Cohen; Jonathan M. Jacobs. The Complete Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas theicola, the Causal Agent of Canker on Tea Plants, Reveals Novel Secretion Systems in Clade-1 Xanthomonads. Phytopathology® 2021, 111, 611 -616.
AMA StyleRalf Koebnik, Daiva Burokiene, Claude Bragard, Christine Chang, Marion Fischer-Le Saux, Roland Kölliker, Jillian M. Lang, Jan E. Leach, Emily K. Luna, Perrine Portier, Angeliki Sagia, Janet Ziegle, Stephen Philip Cohen, Jonathan M. Jacobs. The Complete Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas theicola, the Causal Agent of Canker on Tea Plants, Reveals Novel Secretion Systems in Clade-1 Xanthomonads. Phytopathology®. 2021; 111 (4):611-616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalf Koebnik; Daiva Burokiene; Claude Bragard; Christine Chang; Marion Fischer-Le Saux; Roland Kölliker; Jillian M. Lang; Jan E. Leach; Emily K. Luna; Perrine Portier; Angeliki Sagia; Janet Ziegle; Stephen Philip Cohen; Jonathan M. Jacobs. 2021. "The Complete Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas theicola, the Causal Agent of Canker on Tea Plants, Reveals Novel Secretion Systems in Clade-1 Xanthomonads." Phytopathology® 111, no. 4: 611-616.
This study describes a new mycovirus infecting a strain from the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex. Based on phylogenetic and genomic analyses, this virus belongs to the recently proposed genus “Zetapartitivirus” in the family Partitiviridae. The name “Fusarium equiseti partitivirus 1″ (FePV1) is therefore suggested for this novel viral species. Similar to other partitiviruses, FePV1 genome is composed by two dsRNA segments that exhibit each one large ORF encoding for an RdRp and a CP, respectively. A smaller dsRNA was also detected in infected mycelium and could be a satellite RNA of FePV1. In addition to characterized zetapartitiviruses, other FePV1-related sequences were retrieved from online databases and their significance is discussed. Following conidial isolation, an FePV1-free isogenic line of the fungal host was obtained. In comparison with the original infected strain, this line showed higher growth, biomass production and pathogenicity on tomato, advocating that FePV1 induces hypovirulence on its host.
Mathieu Mahillon; Alain Decroës; Simon Caulier; Assiata Tiendrebeogo; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. Genomic and biological characterization of a novel partitivirus infecting Fusarium equiseti. Virus Research 2021, 297, 198386 .
AMA StyleMathieu Mahillon, Alain Decroës, Simon Caulier, Assiata Tiendrebeogo, Anne Legrève, Claude Bragard. Genomic and biological characterization of a novel partitivirus infecting Fusarium equiseti. Virus Research. 2021; 297 ():198386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathieu Mahillon; Alain Decroës; Simon Caulier; Assiata Tiendrebeogo; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. 2021. "Genomic and biological characterization of a novel partitivirus infecting Fusarium equiseti." Virus Research 297, no. : 198386.
Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) is a sugar beet pomovirus frequently associated with Beet necrotic yellow veins virus, the causal agent of the rhizomania disease. BSBV has been detected in most of the major beet-growing regions worldwide, yet its impact on this crop remains unclear. With the aim to understand the life cycle of this virus and clarify its putative pathogenicity, agroinfectious clones have been engineered for each segment of its tripartite genome. The biological properties of these clones were then studied on different plant species. Local infection was obtained on agroinfiltrated leaves of Beta macrocarpa. On leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, similar results were obtained, but only when heterologous viral suppressors of RNA silencing were co-expressed or in a transgenic line down regulated for both dicer-like protein 2 and 4. On sugar beet, local infection following agroinoculation was obtained on cotyledons, but not on other tested plant parts. Nevertheless, leaf symptoms were observed on this host via sap inoculation. Likewise, roots were efficiently mechanically infected, highlighting low frequency of root necrosis and constriction, and enabling the demonstration of transmission by the vector Polymyxa betae. Altogether, the entire viral cycle was reproduced, validating the constructed agroclones as efficient inoculation tools, paving the way for further studies on BSBV and its related pathosystem.
Mathieu Mahillon; Alain Decroës; Chloé Peduzzi; Gustavo Romay; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. RNA silencing machinery contributes to inability of BSBV to establish infection in Nicotiana benthamiana: evidence from characterization of agroinfectious clones of Beet soil-borne virus. Journal of General Virology 2021, 102, jgv001530 .
AMA StyleMathieu Mahillon, Alain Decroës, Chloé Peduzzi, Gustavo Romay, Anne Legrève, Claude Bragard. RNA silencing machinery contributes to inability of BSBV to establish infection in Nicotiana benthamiana: evidence from characterization of agroinfectious clones of Beet soil-borne virus. Journal of General Virology. 2021; 102 (2):jgv001530.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathieu Mahillon; Alain Decroës; Chloé Peduzzi; Gustavo Romay; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. 2021. "RNA silencing machinery contributes to inability of BSBV to establish infection in Nicotiana benthamiana: evidence from characterization of agroinfectious clones of Beet soil-borne virus." Journal of General Virology 102, no. 2: jgv001530.
A new mycovirus was found in the Fusarium culmorum strain A104-1 originally sampled on wheat in Belgium. This novel virus, for which the name Fusarium culmorum virus 1 (FcV1) is suggested, is phylogenetically related to members of the previously proposed family ‘’Unirnaviridae’’. FcV1 has a monopartite dsRNA genome of 2898 bp that harbors two large non-overlapping ORFs. A typical -1 slippery motif is found at the end of ORF1, advocating that ORF2 is translated by programmed ribosomal frameshifting. While ORF2 exhibits a conserved replicase domain, ORF1 encodes for an undetermined protein. Interestingly, a hypothetically transcribed gene similar to unirnaviruses ORF1 was found in the genome of Lipomyces starkeyi, presumably resulting from a viral endogenization in this yeast. Conidial isolation and chemical treatment were unsuccessful to obtain a virus-free isogenic line of the fungal host, highlighting a high retention rate for FcV1 but hindering its biological characterization. In parallel, attempt to horizontally transfer FcV1 to another strain of F. culmorum by dual culture failed. Eventually, a screening of other strains of the same fungal species suggests the presence of FcV1 in two other strains from Europe.
Mathieu Mahillon; Gustavo Romay; Charlotte Liénard; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. Description of a Novel Mycovirus in the Phytopathogen Fusarium culmorum and a Related EVE in the Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Viruses 2020, 12, 523 .
AMA StyleMathieu Mahillon, Gustavo Romay, Charlotte Liénard, Anne Legrève, Claude Bragard. Description of a Novel Mycovirus in the Phytopathogen Fusarium culmorum and a Related EVE in the Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Viruses. 2020; 12 (5):523.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathieu Mahillon; Gustavo Romay; Charlotte Liénard; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. 2020. "Description of a Novel Mycovirus in the Phytopathogen Fusarium culmorum and a Related EVE in the Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi." Viruses 12, no. 5: 523.
Vascular pathogens travel long distances through host veins leading to life-threatening, systemic infections. In contrast, non-vascular pathogens remain restricted to infection sites, triggering localized symptom development. The contrasting features of vascular and non-vascular diseases suggest distinct etiologies, but the basis for each remains unclear. Here, we show that the hydrolase CbsA acts as a phenotypic switch between vascular and non-vascular plant pathogenesis. cbsA was enriched in genomes of vascular phytopathogenic bacteria in the Xanthomonadaceae family and absent in most non-vascular species. CbsA expression allowed non-vascular Xanthomonas to cause vascular blight while cbsA mutagenesis resulted in reduction of vascular or enhanced non-vascular symptom development. Phylogenetic hypothesis testing further revealed that cbsA was lost in multiple non-vascular lineages and more recently gained by some vascular subgroups, suggesting that vascular pathogenesis is ancestral. Our results overall demonstrate how the gain and loss of single loci can facilitate the evolution of complex ecological traits.
Emile Gluck-Thaler; Aude Cerutti; Alvaro Perez Quintero; Jules Butchacas; Veronica Roman-Reyna; Vishnu Narayanan Madhaven; Deepak Shantharaj; Marcus V. Merfa; Celine Pesce; Alain Jauneau; Taca Vancheva; Jillian M. Lang; Caitilyn Allen; Valerie Verdier; Lionel Gagnevin; Boris Szurek; Sebastien Cunnac; Gregg T Beckham; Leonardo De La Fuente; Hitendra Kumar Patel; Ramesh V Sonti; Claude Bragard; Jan E. Leach; Laurent D. Noël; Jason C. Slot; Ralf Koebnik; Jonathan M. Jacobs. Repeated gain and loss of a single gene modulates the evolution of vascular pathogen lifestyles. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleEmile Gluck-Thaler, Aude Cerutti, Alvaro Perez Quintero, Jules Butchacas, Veronica Roman-Reyna, Vishnu Narayanan Madhaven, Deepak Shantharaj, Marcus V. Merfa, Celine Pesce, Alain Jauneau, Taca Vancheva, Jillian M. Lang, Caitilyn Allen, Valerie Verdier, Lionel Gagnevin, Boris Szurek, Sebastien Cunnac, Gregg T Beckham, Leonardo De La Fuente, Hitendra Kumar Patel, Ramesh V Sonti, Claude Bragard, Jan E. Leach, Laurent D. Noël, Jason C. Slot, Ralf Koebnik, Jonathan M. Jacobs. Repeated gain and loss of a single gene modulates the evolution of vascular pathogen lifestyles. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmile Gluck-Thaler; Aude Cerutti; Alvaro Perez Quintero; Jules Butchacas; Veronica Roman-Reyna; Vishnu Narayanan Madhaven; Deepak Shantharaj; Marcus V. Merfa; Celine Pesce; Alain Jauneau; Taca Vancheva; Jillian M. Lang; Caitilyn Allen; Valerie Verdier; Lionel Gagnevin; Boris Szurek; Sebastien Cunnac; Gregg T Beckham; Leonardo De La Fuente; Hitendra Kumar Patel; Ramesh V Sonti; Claude Bragard; Jan E. Leach; Laurent D. Noël; Jason C. Slot; Ralf Koebnik; Jonathan M. Jacobs. 2020. "Repeated gain and loss of a single gene modulates the evolution of vascular pathogen lifestyles." , no. : 1.
Begomoviruses are one of the major groups of plant viruses with an important economic impact on crop production in tropical and subtropical regions. The global spread of its polyphagous vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, has contributed to the emergence and diversification of species within this genus. In this study, we found a putative novel begomovirus infecting tomato plants in Venezuela without a cognate DNA-B component. This begomovirus was genetically characterized and compared with related species. Furthermore, its infectivity was demonstrated by agroinoculation of infectious clones in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The name Tomato twisted leaf virus (ToTLV) is proposed. ToTLV showed the typical genome organization of the DNA-A component of New World bipartite begomoviruses. However, the single DNA component of ToTLV was able to develop systemic infection in tomato and N. benthamiana plants, suggesting a monopartite nature of its genome. Interestingly, an additional open reading frame ORF was observed in ToTLV encompassing the intergenic region and the coat protein gene, which is not present in other closely related begomoviruses. A putative transcript from this region was amplified by strand-specific reverse transcription-PCR. Along with recent studies, our results showed that the diversity of monopartite begomoviruses from the New World is greater than previously thought.
Gustavo Romay; Francis Geraud-Pouey; Dorys T. Chirinos; Mathieu Mahillon; Annika Gillis; Jacques Mahillon; Claude Bragard. Tomato Twisted Leaf Virus: A Novel Indigenous New World Monopartite Begomovirus Infecting Tomato in Venezuela. Viruses 2019, 11, 327 .
AMA StyleGustavo Romay, Francis Geraud-Pouey, Dorys T. Chirinos, Mathieu Mahillon, Annika Gillis, Jacques Mahillon, Claude Bragard. Tomato Twisted Leaf Virus: A Novel Indigenous New World Monopartite Begomovirus Infecting Tomato in Venezuela. Viruses. 2019; 11 (4):327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGustavo Romay; Francis Geraud-Pouey; Dorys T. Chirinos; Mathieu Mahillon; Annika Gillis; Jacques Mahillon; Claude Bragard. 2019. "Tomato Twisted Leaf Virus: A Novel Indigenous New World Monopartite Begomovirus Infecting Tomato in Venezuela." Viruses 11, no. 4: 327.
Over the last seven decades, applications using members of the Bacillus subtilis group have emerged in both food processes and crop protection industries. Their ability to form survival endospores and the plethora of antimicrobial compounds they produce has generated an increased industrial interest as food preservatives, therapeutic agents and biopesticides. In the growing context of food biopreservation and biological crop protection, this review suggests a comprehensive way to visualize the antimicrobial spectrum described within the B. subtilis group, including volatile compounds. This classification distinguishes the bioactive metabolites based on their biosynthetic pathways and chemical nature: i.e., ribosomal peptides (RPs), volatile compounds, polyketides (PKs), non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), and hybrids between PKs and NRPs. For each clade, the chemical structure, biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity are described and exemplified. This review aims at constituting a convenient and updated classification of antimicrobial metabolites from the B. subtilis group, whose complex phylogeny is prone to further development.
Simon Caulier; Catherine Nannan; Annika Gillis; Florent Licciardi; Claude Bragard; Jacques Mahillon. Overview of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Members of the Bacillus subtilis Group. Frontiers in Microbiology 2019, 10, 302 .
AMA StyleSimon Caulier, Catherine Nannan, Annika Gillis, Florent Licciardi, Claude Bragard, Jacques Mahillon. Overview of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Members of the Bacillus subtilis Group. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019; 10 ():302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Caulier; Catherine Nannan; Annika Gillis; Florent Licciardi; Claude Bragard; Jacques Mahillon. 2019. "Overview of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Members of the Bacillus subtilis Group." Frontiers in Microbiology 10, no. : 302.
Although viroids are the smallest and simplest plant pathogens known, the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis remain unclear. To unravel these mechanisms, a dual approach was implemented consisting of in silico identification of potential tomato silencing targets of pospiviroids, and the experimental validation of these targets through the sequencing of small RNAs and RNA ends extracted from tomatoes infected with a severe isolate of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). The generated RNA ends were also used to monitor the differentially-expressed genes. These analyses showed that when CEVd symptoms are well established: (i) CEVd are degraded by at least three Dicer-like (DCL) proteins and possibly by RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), (ii) five different mRNAs are partially degraded through post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), including argonaute 2a, which is further degraded in phasiRNAs, (iii) Dicer-like 2b and 2d are both upregulated and degraded in phasiRNAs, and (iv) CEVd infection induced a significant shift in gene expression allowing to explain the usual symptoms of pospiviroids on tomato and to demonstrate the constant activation of host innate immunity and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by these pathogenic RNAs. Finally, based on in silico analysis, potential immunity receptor candidates of viroid-derived RNAs are suggested.
Olivier Thibaut; Bragard Claude. Innate Immunity Activation and RNAi Interplay in Citrus Exocortis Viroid—Tomato Pathosystem. Viruses 2018, 10, 587 .
AMA StyleOlivier Thibaut, Bragard Claude. Innate Immunity Activation and RNAi Interplay in Citrus Exocortis Viroid—Tomato Pathosystem. Viruses. 2018; 10 (11):587.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlivier Thibaut; Bragard Claude. 2018. "Innate Immunity Activation and RNAi Interplay in Citrus Exocortis Viroid—Tomato Pathosystem." Viruses 10, no. 11: 587.
Cassava Bacterial Blight and Cassava Bacterial Necrosis are two bacterial diseases affecting cassava, respectively caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) and Xanthomonas cassavae (Xc). Since both pathogens may be present on leaves and cause similar symptoms, we developed a new molecular diagnostic tool to detect and distinguish between Xpm and Xc. Based on genome sequences from the target species as well as from non-target species, in silico analysis was performed to select candidate primers through a novel strategy targeting specificity. Experimental validation enabled to establish a duplex-PCR diagnostic tool that will be useful for future surveillance programs and better disease control.
Carolina Flores; Carlos Zarate; Lindsay Triplett; Véronique Maillot-Lebon; Yassine Moufid; Moussa Kanté; Claude Bragard; Valérie Verdier; Lionel Gagnevin; Boris Szurek; Isabelle Robène. Development of a duplex-PCR for differential diagnosis of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis and Xanthomonas cassavae in cassava (Manihot esculenta). Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 2018, 105, 34 -46.
AMA StyleCarolina Flores, Carlos Zarate, Lindsay Triplett, Véronique Maillot-Lebon, Yassine Moufid, Moussa Kanté, Claude Bragard, Valérie Verdier, Lionel Gagnevin, Boris Szurek, Isabelle Robène. Development of a duplex-PCR for differential diagnosis of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis and Xanthomonas cassavae in cassava (Manihot esculenta). Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 2018; 105 ():34-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Flores; Carlos Zarate; Lindsay Triplett; Véronique Maillot-Lebon; Yassine Moufid; Moussa Kanté; Claude Bragard; Valérie Verdier; Lionel Gagnevin; Boris Szurek; Isabelle Robène. 2018. "Development of a duplex-PCR for differential diagnosis of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis and Xanthomonas cassavae in cassava (Manihot esculenta)." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 105, no. : 34-46.
Rhizomania disease, caused by the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is considered as one of the major constraints for sugar beet production, worldwide. As a result of the introgression of major resistance genes (Holly, Rz2) in commercially available sugar beet varieties, the virus has endured strong selection pressure since the 90s'. Understanding the virus response and diversity to sugar beet resistance is a key factor for a sustainable management of only few resistance genes. Here we report rhizomania surveys conducted in a rhizomania hot spot, the Pithiviers area (France) during a 4-year period and complementary to the study of Schirmer et al. (2005). The study aimed at evaluating the intra- and inter-field BNYVV diversity in response to different sources of resistance and over the growing season. To follow rhizomania development over the sugar beet growing season, extensive field samplings combined with field assays were performed in this study. The evolution of the BNYVV diversity was assessed at intra- and inter-field levels, with sugar beet cultivars containing different resistance genes (Rz1, Rz1 + Heterodera schachtii resistance and Rz1Rz2). Intra-field diversity was analyzed at the beginning and the end of the growing season of each field. From more than one thousand field samples, the simultaneous presence of the different A, B and P types of BNYVV was confirmed, with 21 variants identified at positions 67–70 of the p25 tetrad. The first variant, AYHR, was found most commonly followed by SYHG. Numerous mixed infections (9.93% of the samples), mostly of B-type with P-type, have also been evidenced. Different tetrads associated with the A- or B-type were also found with a fifth RNA-genome component known to allow more aggressiveness to BNYVV on sugar beet roots. Cultivars with Rz1+Rz2 resistant genes showed few root symptoms even if the BNYVV titre was quite high according to the BNYVV type present. The virus infectious potential in the soil at the end of the growing season with such cultivars was also lower despite a wider diversity at the BNYVV RNA3 sequence level. Rz1+Rz2 cultivars also exhibited a lower presence of Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV), a P. betae-transmitted Pomovirus. Cultivars with Rz1 and nematode (N) resistance genes cultivated in field infected with nematodes showed lower BNYVV titre than those with Rz1 or Rz1+Rz2 cultivars. Overall, the population structure of BNYVV in France is shown to be different from that previously evidenced in different world areas. Implications for long-term management of the resistance to rhizomania is discussed.
Yann Galein; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. Long Term Management of Rhizomania Disease—Insight Into the Changes of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-3 Observed Under Resistant and Non-resistant Sugar Beet Fields. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018, 9, 795 .
AMA StyleYann Galein, Anne Legrève, Claude Bragard. Long Term Management of Rhizomania Disease—Insight Into the Changes of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-3 Observed Under Resistant and Non-resistant Sugar Beet Fields. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9 ():795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYann Galein; Anne Legrève; Claude Bragard. 2018. "Long Term Management of Rhizomania Disease—Insight Into the Changes of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-3 Observed Under Resistant and Non-resistant Sugar Beet Fields." Frontiers in Plant Science 9, no. : 795.
The world potato is facing major economic losses due to disease pressure and environmental concerns regarding pesticides use. This work aims at addressing these two issues by isolating indigenous bacteria that can be integrated into pest management strategies. More than 2,800 strains of Bacillus-like and Pseudomonas-like were isolated from several soils and substrates associated with potato agro-systems in Belgium. Screenings for antagonistic activities against the potato pathogens Alternaria solani, Fusarium solani (BCCM-MUCL 5492), Pectobacterium carotovorum (ATCC 15713), Phytophthora infestans (CRA-W10022) and Rhizoctonia solani (BCCM-MUCL 51929) were performed, allowing the selection of 52 Bacillus spp. and eight Pseudomonas spp. displaying growth inhibition of at least 50% under in vitro conditions, particularly against P. infestans. All 60 bacterial isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and further characterized for the production of potential bio-active secondary metabolites. The antagonistic activities displayed by the selected strains indicated that versatile metabolites can be produced by the strains. For instance, the detection of genes involved bacilysin biosynthesis was correlated with the strong antagonism of Bacillus pumilus strains toward P. infestans, whereas the production of both bio-surfactants and siderophores might explain the high antagonistic activities against late blight. Greenhouse assays with potato plants were performed with the most effective strains (seven Bacillus spp. and four Pseudomonas spp.) in order to evaluate their in vivo antagonistic effect against P. infestans. Based on these results, four strains (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 17A-B3, Bacillus subtilis 30B-B6, Pseudomonas brenneri 43R-P1 and Pseudomonas protegens 44R-P8) were retained for further evaluation of their protection index against P. infestans in a pilot field trial. Interestingly, B. subtilis 30B-B6 was shown to significantly decrease late blight severity throughout the crop season. Overall, this study showed that antagonistic indigenous soil bacteria can offer an alternative to the indiscriminate use of pesticide in potato agro-systems.
Simon Caulier; Annika Gillis; Gil Colau; Florent Licciardi; Maxime Liépin; Nicolas Desoignies; Pauline Modrie; Anne Legrève; Jacques Mahillon; Claude Bragard. Versatile Antagonistic Activities of Soil-Borne Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. against Phytophthora infestans and Other Potato Pathogens. Frontiers in Microbiology 2018, 9, 143 .
AMA StyleSimon Caulier, Annika Gillis, Gil Colau, Florent Licciardi, Maxime Liépin, Nicolas Desoignies, Pauline Modrie, Anne Legrève, Jacques Mahillon, Claude Bragard. Versatile Antagonistic Activities of Soil-Borne Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. against Phytophthora infestans and Other Potato Pathogens. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018; 9 ():143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Caulier; Annika Gillis; Gil Colau; Florent Licciardi; Maxime Liépin; Nicolas Desoignies; Pauline Modrie; Anne Legrève; Jacques Mahillon; Claude Bragard. 2018. "Versatile Antagonistic Activities of Soil-Borne Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. against Phytophthora infestans and Other Potato Pathogens." Frontiers in Microbiology 9, no. : 143.
A. Decroës; I. Bagayoko; M. Mahillon; H. Verhaegen; C. Liénard; A. Legrève; C. Bragard. Detection of the Rice stripe necrosis virus Causing Rice Crinkle Disease and its Vector Polymyxa graminis f. sp. colombiana in Mali. Plant Disease 2017, 101, 2155 -2155.
AMA StyleA. Decroës, I. Bagayoko, M. Mahillon, H. Verhaegen, C. Liénard, A. Legrève, C. Bragard. Detection of the Rice stripe necrosis virus Causing Rice Crinkle Disease and its Vector Polymyxa graminis f. sp. colombiana in Mali. Plant Disease. 2017; 101 (12):2155-2155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Decroës; I. Bagayoko; M. Mahillon; H. Verhaegen; C. Liénard; A. Legrève; C. Bragard. 2017. "Detection of the Rice stripe necrosis virus Causing Rice Crinkle Disease and its Vector Polymyxa graminis f. sp. colombiana in Mali." Plant Disease 101, no. 12: 2155-2155.
André Devaux; Jean-Pierre Goffart; Peter Kromann; Ian Toth; Claude Bragard; Stefan Declerck. Report on CIP-EAPR Workshop 2017 on Biocontrol and Biostimulants Agents for the Potato Crop, Held During the 20th EAPR Triennial Conference, Versailles, France, on Tuesday July 11, 2017. Potato Research 2017, 60, 291 -294.
AMA StyleAndré Devaux, Jean-Pierre Goffart, Peter Kromann, Ian Toth, Claude Bragard, Stefan Declerck. Report on CIP-EAPR Workshop 2017 on Biocontrol and Biostimulants Agents for the Potato Crop, Held During the 20th EAPR Triennial Conference, Versailles, France, on Tuesday July 11, 2017. Potato Research. 2017; 60 (3-4):291-294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Devaux; Jean-Pierre Goffart; Peter Kromann; Ian Toth; Claude Bragard; Stefan Declerck. 2017. "Report on CIP-EAPR Workshop 2017 on Biocontrol and Biostimulants Agents for the Potato Crop, Held During the 20th EAPR Triennial Conference, Versailles, France, on Tuesday July 11, 2017." Potato Research 60, no. 3-4: 291-294.
At least six begomovirus species have been reported infecting tomato in Venezuela. In this study the complete genomes of two tomato-infecting begomovirus isolates (referred to as Trujillo-427 and Zulia-1084) were cloned and sequenced. Both isolates showed the typical genome organization of New World bipartite begomoviruses, with DNA-A genomic components displaying 88.8% and 90.3% similarity with established begomoviruses, for isolates Trujillo-427 and Zulia-1084, respectively. In accordance to the guidelines for begomovirus species demarcation, the Trujillo-427 isolate represents a putative new species and the name “Tomato wrinkled mosaic virus” is proposed. Meanwhile, Zulia-1084 represents a putative new strain classifiable within species Tomato chlorotic leaf distortion virus, for which a recombinant origin is suggested.
Gustavo Romay; Dorys T. Chirinos; Francis Geraud-Pouey; Annika Gillis; Jacques Mahillon; Claude Bragard. Complete genome sequence of two tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Venezuela: evidence of a putative novel species and a novel recombinant strain. Archives of Virology 2017, 163, 555 -558.
AMA StyleGustavo Romay, Dorys T. Chirinos, Francis Geraud-Pouey, Annika Gillis, Jacques Mahillon, Claude Bragard. Complete genome sequence of two tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Venezuela: evidence of a putative novel species and a novel recombinant strain. Archives of Virology. 2017; 163 (2):555-558.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGustavo Romay; Dorys T. Chirinos; Francis Geraud-Pouey; Annika Gillis; Jacques Mahillon; Claude Bragard. 2017. "Complete genome sequence of two tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Venezuela: evidence of a putative novel species and a novel recombinant strain." Archives of Virology 163, no. 2: 555-558.
Tomato mild yellow leaf curl Aragua virus (ToMYLCV) is a begomovirus first reported infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and milkweed (Euphorbia heterophylla) in Venezuela. In this study, a ToMYLCV isolate (Zulia-219) was completely sequenced and its host range was evaluated. The DNA-A and DNA-B components of isolate Zulia-219 showed 93 and 85% nucleotide sequence identity with the respective counterparts of the ToMYLCV type strain. According to current demarcation criteria for begomovirus species, Zulia-219 is a new strain of ToMYLCV. Interestingly, tomato plants inoculated with ToMYLCV Zulia-219 displayed severe symptoms, including severe chlorotic leaf curling, in contrast to mild symptoms associated with the type strain of this begomovirus. These results indicate potential risks associated with this new ToMYLCV strain for tomato production in Venezuela.
Gustavo Romay; Dorys T. Chirinos; Francis Geraud-Pouey; Annika Gillis; Jacques Mahillon; Cécile Desbiez; Claude Bragard. Molecular and biological characterization of a new Tomato mild yellow leaf curl Aragua virus strain producing severe symptoms in tomato. Virus Genes 2017, 53, 939 -942.
AMA StyleGustavo Romay, Dorys T. Chirinos, Francis Geraud-Pouey, Annika Gillis, Jacques Mahillon, Cécile Desbiez, Claude Bragard. Molecular and biological characterization of a new Tomato mild yellow leaf curl Aragua virus strain producing severe symptoms in tomato. Virus Genes. 2017; 53 (6):939-942.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGustavo Romay; Dorys T. Chirinos; Francis Geraud-Pouey; Annika Gillis; Jacques Mahillon; Cécile Desbiez; Claude Bragard. 2017. "Molecular and biological characterization of a new Tomato mild yellow leaf curl Aragua virus strain producing severe symptoms in tomato." Virus Genes 53, no. 6: 939-942.
Plant-virus interactions based-studies have contributed to increase our understanding on plant resistance mechanisms, providing new tools for crop improvement. In the last two decades, RNA interference (RNAi), a post-transcriptional gene silencing approach, has been used to induce antiviral defences in plants with the help of genetic engineering technologies. More recently, the new genome editing systems (GES) are revolutionizing the scope of tools available to confer virus resistance in plants. The most explored GES are Zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 endonuclease. GES are engineered to target and introduce mutations, which can be deleterious, via double-strand breaks at specific DNA sequences by the error-prone non-homologous recombination end-joining pathway. Although GES have been engineered to target DNA, recent discoveries of GES targeting ssRNA molecules, including virus genomes, pave the way for further studies programming plant defence against RNA viruses. Most of plant virus species have an RNA genome and at least 784 species have positive ssRNA. Here, we provide a summary of the latest progress in plant antiviral defences mediated by GES. In addition, we also discuss briefly the GES perspectives in light of the rebooted debate on genetic modified organisms (GMOs) and the current regulatory frame for agricultural products involving the use of such engineering technologies.
Gustavo Romay; Claude Bragard. Antiviral Defenses in Plants through Genome Editing. Frontiers in Microbiology 2017, 8, 47 .
AMA StyleGustavo Romay, Claude Bragard. Antiviral Defenses in Plants through Genome Editing. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017; 8 ():47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGustavo Romay; Claude Bragard. 2017. "Antiviral Defenses in Plants through Genome Editing." Frontiers in Microbiology 8, no. : 47.