This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Agriculture is vital to global food production. Around 550 million smallholding households produce most of the world’s food, and many rely on livestock rearing for a living. Smallholder farms must survive and thrive to maintain and increase food production. Baseline information is vital for further extension service interventions. The goal of this Malawian study was to collect quantitative baseline data on crop and livestock production, agriproduct sales, and other indicators through a household survey, and to compare the efficacy (in terms of income) of using the concept of “Lead and Follow” farmer training programs. The baseline study survey was carried out in 44 sections of 11 extension planning areas from Malawi’s five districts (Dowa, Kasungu, Mchinji, Mzimba, and Rumphi). In total, 1131 smallholder households were interviewed. Crop production, livestock farming, and providing casual labor for others were all identified as significant sources of income for smallholders, implying that all agriproducts (the whole-farm approach) is equally important for improving smallholder livelihoods. On the one hand, the whole-farm approach should improve smallholders’ resilience regarding climate change and poverty. Lower agriproduct sales, on the other hand, indicated that links to the market were frequently poor but an increased market focus should help smallholders sell their produce at a fair margin. In terms of best practices adoption, both Lead and Follow farmers adopted similar farm practices (crops and livestock) to increase income. In general, no significant difference in income was calculated from many farm enterprises for both Lead and Follow farmers. However, the income from pigs and firewood was significantly higher for Follow farmers than for Lead farmers. Lead farmers reported significantly higher off-farm income sources. Significant changes are proposed to the “Lead farmer extension approach”.
Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Chipo Kachiwala; Håvard Hovdhaugen; Liveness J. Banda; Moses Limuwa; Peter C. Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy; Lars Olav Eik. Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9599 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti, Sosheel Solomon Godfrey, Ryan H. L. Ip, Chipo Kachiwala, Håvard Hovdhaugen, Liveness J. Banda, Moses Limuwa, Peter C. Wynn, Tormod Ådnøy, Lars Olav Eik. Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Chipo Kachiwala; Håvard Hovdhaugen; Liveness J. Banda; Moses Limuwa; Peter C. Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy; Lars Olav Eik. 2021. "Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9599.
Although Norway is the largest sheep meat producer in Scandinavia and Norwegian Muslims are expected to double in population in the next decade, the overall local per capita red meat consumption is still low. Meanwhile, Norwegian Muslims’ purchasing preferences on lamb meat products have not been investigated. This paper presents the results of a choice-based conjoint survey which would help stakeholders to understand the niche Muslim immigrant halal meat market and potentially increase meat consumption. Post-hoc market segmentation was performed using latent class analysis, and factors affecting consumers’ purchase intentions were studied within each segment. Results show that purchasing halal meat from a butcher was the top preference while there was a higher willingness to purchase from national supermarkets among younger second-generation Pakistanis. In order to benefit from niche halal meat market, Norwegian supermarkets are recommended to adapt some of the services that halal butchers are offering to their consumers.
Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Mari Øvrum Gaarder; Shakar Aslam; Geir Steinheim; Peter Wynn; David L. Hopkins; Reinert Horneland; Lars Olav Eik; Tormod Ådnøy. An exploratory study of Muslim consumers’ halal meat purchasing intentions in Norway. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 2020, 70, 61 -70.
AMA StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti, Sosheel Solomon Godfrey, Ryan H. L. Ip, Mari Øvrum Gaarder, Shakar Aslam, Geir Steinheim, Peter Wynn, David L. Hopkins, Reinert Horneland, Lars Olav Eik, Tormod Ådnøy. An exploratory study of Muslim consumers’ halal meat purchasing intentions in Norway. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. 2020; 70 (1):61-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Mari Øvrum Gaarder; Shakar Aslam; Geir Steinheim; Peter Wynn; David L. Hopkins; Reinert Horneland; Lars Olav Eik; Tormod Ådnøy. 2020. "An exploratory study of Muslim consumers’ halal meat purchasing intentions in Norway." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 70, no. 1: 61-70.
Norway has vast rangeland resources (292,361 km2) with an estimated carrying capacity of nearly four million sheep and lambs, twice the current number. However, the intensive production system currently applied has led to more concentrate dependency, resulting in heavier animals in addition to poorer utilization of rangelands and homegrown feed. Intensive feeding systems indirectly influence the sustainability of ecosystems by promoting intensive cropping that can deplete soil fertility and threaten landscape preservation and biodiversity. By contrast, extensive grazing systems can produce environmentally and animal-friendly food products and contribute to regulating soil health, water and nutrient cycling, soil carbon sequestration, and recreational environments. In this paper, the economics of current sheep feeding practices in Norway, using a linear programming model, were compared with more extensive systems which allow for higher usage of on-farm feed resources. Changes in current sheep farming practices have the potential to increase lamb meat production relative to mutton production, in addition to improving the year-round supply of fresh meat. The investigated alternatives, using the Norwegian White Sheep (NWS) breed, suggest that delayed lambing is useful only on farms with abundant pastures available for autumn feeding. Lambs achieve a better market price than hoggets and mature sheep. Therefore, based on the current Norwegian meat market and price offered per kilogram of meat for lamb, an increase in NWS lamb production improves farm profits. On the other hand, when the aim is on greater use of homegrown feed and rangelands, this can be achieved through hogget production, and the quantity of concentrates required can be reduced substantially.
Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Lars Olav Eik; Geir Steinheim; Tormod Ådnøy; Reinert Horneland; Peter Wynn; David L. Hopkins; Leif Jarle Asheim. Rangeland Grazing Strategies to Lower the Dependency on Imported Concentrates in Norwegian Sheep Meat Production. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5340 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti, Lars Olav Eik, Geir Steinheim, Tormod Ådnøy, Reinert Horneland, Peter Wynn, David L. Hopkins, Leif Jarle Asheim. Rangeland Grazing Strategies to Lower the Dependency on Imported Concentrates in Norwegian Sheep Meat Production. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti; Lars Olav Eik; Geir Steinheim; Tormod Ådnøy; Reinert Horneland; Peter Wynn; David L. Hopkins; Leif Jarle Asheim. 2020. "Rangeland Grazing Strategies to Lower the Dependency on Imported Concentrates in Norwegian Sheep Meat Production." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5340.
The morphological and productive aspects of Norwegian sheep have developed over time and adapted to the diverse environment of the country. Before 1900, native Norwegian sheep were crossed with UK breeds to attain higher body weight and reproductive efficiency. Subsequent selection programs eventually led to the creation of the heavier (adults often >90 kg) Norwegian White Sheep (NWS), today constituting 70% of the recorded ewes. The modern Norwegian (White) Spæl (NS) sheep, mostly
Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Lars Olav Eik; Geir Steinheim; Tormod Ådnøy; David L. Hopkins; Leif Jarle Asheim. Management Strategies to Improve the Economics of Sheep Farms in Norwegian Coastal and Fjord Areas—The Effect of Animal Size and Capacities for Rangeland Utilisation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3713 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti, Lars Olav Eik, Geir Steinheim, Tormod Ådnøy, David L. Hopkins, Leif Jarle Asheim. Management Strategies to Improve the Economics of Sheep Farms in Norwegian Coastal and Fjord Areas—The Effect of Animal Size and Capacities for Rangeland Utilisation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3713.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Azher Bhatti; Lars Olav Eik; Geir Steinheim; Tormod Ådnøy; David L. Hopkins; Leif Jarle Asheim. 2020. "Management Strategies to Improve the Economics of Sheep Farms in Norwegian Coastal and Fjord Areas—The Effect of Animal Size and Capacities for Rangeland Utilisation." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3713.
Norway is the largest sheep meat producer among Nordic countries with more than 1.3 million lambs and sheep slaughtered in 2017. The sheep industry is limited by the need for in-house feeding during the winter months. In summer, Norwegian sheep are mainly kept on rangeland pastures, with sufficient feed for almost double the current sheep population. Lambs are slaughtered over a three- to four-month period from September to December with a peak in September–October, providing a surplus of lamb, much of which is subsequently frozen, followed by eight months during which fresh produce is in limited supply. Norwegian consumers eat an average of 5.4 kg of sheep meat per person per year, much of which is purchased as a frozen product. The Muslim (4.2% of the population) preference for year-round halal meat, with an increased demand on the eve of the Muslim meat festival (Eid al-Adha), has the potential to boost demand, particularly in Oslo. This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian sheep farming system, the current market value chains, and the potential to meet the demand for halal meat in Norway (specifically during the Muslim meat festival—Eid al-Adha) to the advantage of both consumers and sheep farmers.
Muhammad Bhatti; Thomas Williams; David Hopkins; Leif Asheim; Geir Steinheim; Michael Campbell; Lars Eik; Peter Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy. Adapting Seasonal Sheep Production to Year-Round Fresh Meat and Halal Market in Norway. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1554 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Bhatti, Thomas Williams, David Hopkins, Leif Asheim, Geir Steinheim, Michael Campbell, Lars Eik, Peter Wynn, Tormod Ådnøy. Adapting Seasonal Sheep Production to Year-Round Fresh Meat and Halal Market in Norway. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bhatti; Thomas Williams; David Hopkins; Leif Asheim; Geir Steinheim; Michael Campbell; Lars Eik; Peter Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy. 2019. "Adapting Seasonal Sheep Production to Year-Round Fresh Meat and Halal Market in Norway." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1554.
Isaya Appelesy Ketto; Jorun Øyaas; Tormod Ådnøy; Anne-Grethe Johansen; Reidar Barfod Schüller; Judith Narvhus; Siv B. Skeie. The influence of milk protein genetic polymorphism on the physical properties of cultured milk. International Dairy Journal 2018, 78, 130 -137.
AMA StyleIsaya Appelesy Ketto, Jorun Øyaas, Tormod Ådnøy, Anne-Grethe Johansen, Reidar Barfod Schüller, Judith Narvhus, Siv B. Skeie. The influence of milk protein genetic polymorphism on the physical properties of cultured milk. International Dairy Journal. 2018; 78 ():130-137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaya Appelesy Ketto; Jorun Øyaas; Tormod Ådnøy; Anne-Grethe Johansen; Reidar Barfod Schüller; Judith Narvhus; Siv B. Skeie. 2018. "The influence of milk protein genetic polymorphism on the physical properties of cultured milk." International Dairy Journal 78, no. : 130-137.
Effects of milk protein polymorphism and composition, casein micelle size and salts distribution on the coagulation properties of milk from 99 Norwegian Red cattle (NRF) were studied. Genetic variants of αS1-casein (CN), β-CN, κ-CN and β-lactoglobulin (LG) affected rennet coagulation properties of milk. Significant effects of κ-CN and the composite genotype αS1-β-κ-CN were observed on acid coagulation properties. Relative concentrations of milk proteins were significantly affected by individual casein genotypes and the composite genotype of αS1-β-κ-CN while, the relative concentration of β-LG was only affected by β-LG genotypes. The salts distribution in milk and the concentration of milk proteins affected both rennet and acid coagulation properties. Milk protein genotypes associated with better rennet coagulation, impaired the acid coagulation properties. However, αS1-β-κ-CN BB-A1A2-BE and BB-A2A2-BB were associated with poor rennet and acid coagulation properties. Breeding programs should focus on decreasing these genotypes in NRF cattle.
Isaya Appelesy Ketto; Tim Martin Knutsen; Jorun Øyaas; Bjørg Heringstad; Tormod Ådnøy; Tove Gulbrandsen Devold; Siv B. Skeie. Effects of milk protein polymorphism and composition, casein micelle size and salt distribution on the milk coagulation properties in Norwegian Red cattle. International Dairy Journal 2017, 70, 55 -64.
AMA StyleIsaya Appelesy Ketto, Tim Martin Knutsen, Jorun Øyaas, Bjørg Heringstad, Tormod Ådnøy, Tove Gulbrandsen Devold, Siv B. Skeie. Effects of milk protein polymorphism and composition, casein micelle size and salt distribution on the milk coagulation properties in Norwegian Red cattle. International Dairy Journal. 2017; 70 ():55-64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaya Appelesy Ketto; Tim Martin Knutsen; Jorun Øyaas; Bjørg Heringstad; Tormod Ådnøy; Tove Gulbrandsen Devold; Siv B. Skeie. 2017. "Effects of milk protein polymorphism and composition, casein micelle size and salt distribution on the milk coagulation properties in Norwegian Red cattle." International Dairy Journal 70, no. : 55-64.
This study evaluated the effect of supplemental vitamin E to ewes in late pregnancy on the rate of stillborn lambs. Ewes in 19 flocks in 5 regions of Norway were daily supplemented the 6–7 weeks before average expected lambing date with either (1) 360IU of vitamin E (supplemented), or (2) placebo (control). The daily supplement was given in addition to the daily basal diet of forage, concentrate and mixture of minerals and vitamins in each flock, assuming that forage contained on average 40mg α-tocopherol/kg DM. Information about the basal diets was collected via analyses of forage samples and questionnaires. Blood was collected from a sample of ewes in each flock 1 week pre-treatment (7–8 weeks before lambing), and from some flocks 1–2 weeks after initiation of supplementation (5–6 weeks before lambing) and 1–2 weeks after lambing. The body condition score (BCS) of the ewes was assessed 4–6 weeks before lambing. Mean content (±SD) of α-tocopherol in the forage of the 19 flocks was 25±17mg/kg DM. Mean daily intake of vitamin E of the ewes from the basal diet was 153±44IU. Vitamin E supplementation increased serum concentration of α-tocopherol (P=0.0002) 5–6 weeks before lambing. After lambing there was a higher ratio of α-tocopherol to cholesterol in serum of supplemented ewes compared with control ewes (P=0.02). Ewes with one or more stillborn lambs had lower serum α-tocopherol concentrations than ewes without stillborn lambs in litters with ≥3 lambs (P=0.01). For ewes with ≥3 lambs there was a significant lower stillbirth rate for vitamin E supplemented than for control ewes (P=0.0004), while there was no effect on the stillbirth rate for ewes having ≤2 lambs. Ewes with low BCS had a higher stillbirth rate than ewes with medium or high BCS (P=0.001). The results of this study indicate that daily supplementation of vitamin E during the last 6–7 weeks before lambing decreases the stillbirth rate of ewes having ≥3 lambs
I. Dønnem; Å.T. Randby; L. Hektoen; F. Avdem; S. Meling; Å.ø. Våge; T. Ådnøy; G. Steinheim; S. Waage. Effect of vitamin E supplementation to ewes in late pregnancy on the rate of stillborn lambs. Small Ruminant Research 2015, 125, 154 -162.
AMA StyleI. Dønnem, Å.T. Randby, L. Hektoen, F. Avdem, S. Meling, Å.ø. Våge, T. Ådnøy, G. Steinheim, S. Waage. Effect of vitamin E supplementation to ewes in late pregnancy on the rate of stillborn lambs. Small Ruminant Research. 2015; 125 ():154-162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Dønnem; Å.T. Randby; L. Hektoen; F. Avdem; S. Meling; Å.ø. Våge; T. Ådnøy; G. Steinheim; S. Waage. 2015. "Effect of vitamin E supplementation to ewes in late pregnancy on the rate of stillborn lambs." Small Ruminant Research 125, no. : 154-162.
Tove G. Devold; Ragnhild Nordbø; Thor Langsrud; Cecilie Svenning; Margreet Jansen Brovold; Esben Skipper Sørensen; Brian Christensen; Tormod Ådnøy; Gerd E. Vegarud. Extreme frequencies of the αs1-casein “null” variant in milk from Norwegian dairy goats – Implications for milk composition, micellar size and renneting properties. Dairy Science & Technology 2010, 91, 39 -51.
AMA StyleTove G. Devold, Ragnhild Nordbø, Thor Langsrud, Cecilie Svenning, Margreet Jansen Brovold, Esben Skipper Sørensen, Brian Christensen, Tormod Ådnøy, Gerd E. Vegarud. Extreme frequencies of the αs1-casein “null” variant in milk from Norwegian dairy goats – Implications for milk composition, micellar size and renneting properties. Dairy Science & Technology. 2010; 91 (1):39-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTove G. Devold; Ragnhild Nordbø; Thor Langsrud; Cecilie Svenning; Margreet Jansen Brovold; Esben Skipper Sørensen; Brian Christensen; Tormod Ådnøy; Gerd E. Vegarud. 2010. "Extreme frequencies of the αs1-casein “null” variant in milk from Norwegian dairy goats – Implications for milk composition, micellar size and renneting properties." Dairy Science & Technology 91, no. 1: 39-51.