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Stefan Giljum
Institute for Ecological Economics, Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), Vienna, Austria

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Data descriptor
Published: 08 September 2020 in Scientific Data
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The area used for mineral extraction is a key indicator for understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the extractive sector. To date, worldwide data products on mineral extraction do not report the area used by mining activities. In this paper, we contribute to filling this gap by presenting a new data set of mining extents derived by visual interpretation of satellite images. We delineated mining areas within a 10 km buffer from the approximate geographical coordinates of more than six thousand active mining sites across the globe. The result is a global-scale data set consisting of 21,060 polygons that add up to 57,277 km2. The polygons cover all mining above-ground features that could be identified from the satellite images, including open cuts, tailings dams, waste rock dumps, water ponds, and processing infrastructure. The data set is available for download from 10.1594/PANGAEA.910894 and visualization at www.fineprint.global/viewer.

ACS Style

Victor Maus; Stefan Giljum; Jakob Gutschlhofer; Dieison M. Da Silva; Michael Probst; Sidnei L. B. Gass; Sebastian Luckeneder; Mirko Lieber; Ian McCallum. A global-scale data set of mining areas. Scientific Data 2020, 7, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Victor Maus, Stefan Giljum, Jakob Gutschlhofer, Dieison M. Da Silva, Michael Probst, Sidnei L. B. Gass, Sebastian Luckeneder, Mirko Lieber, Ian McCallum. A global-scale data set of mining areas. Scientific Data. 2020; 7 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victor Maus; Stefan Giljum; Jakob Gutschlhofer; Dieison M. Da Silva; Michael Probst; Sidnei L. B. Gass; Sebastian Luckeneder; Mirko Lieber; Ian McCallum. 2020. "A global-scale data set of mining areas." Scientific Data 7, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Ecological Economics
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Ecologically unequal exchange theory posits asymmetric net flows of biophysical resources from poorer to richer countries. To date, empirical evidence to support this theoretical notion as a systemic aspect of the global economy is largely lacking. Through environmentally-extended multi-regional input-output modelling, we provide empirical evidence for ecologically unequal exchange as a persistent feature of the global economy from 1990 to 2015. We identify the regions of origin and final consumption for four resource groups: materials, energy, land, and labor. By comparing the monetary exchange value of resources embodied in trade, we find significant international disparities in how resource provision is compensated. Value added per ton of raw material embodied in exports is 11 times higher in high-income countries than in those with the lowest income, and 28 times higher per unit of embodied labor. With the exception of embodied land for China and India, all other world regions serve as net exporters of all types of embodied resources to high-income countries across the 1990–2015 time period. On aggregate, ecologically unequal exchange allows high-income countries to simultaneously appropriate resources and to generate a monetary surplus through international trade. This has far-reaching implications for global sustainability and for the economic growth prospects of nations.

ACS Style

Christian Dorninger; Alf Hornborg; David J. Abson; Henrik von Wehrden; Anke Schaffartzik; Stefan Giljum; John-Oliver Engler; Robert L. Feller; Klaus Hubacek; Hanspeter Wieland. Global patterns of ecologically unequal exchange: Implications for sustainability in the 21st century. Ecological Economics 2020, 179, 106824 .

AMA Style

Christian Dorninger, Alf Hornborg, David J. Abson, Henrik von Wehrden, Anke Schaffartzik, Stefan Giljum, John-Oliver Engler, Robert L. Feller, Klaus Hubacek, Hanspeter Wieland. Global patterns of ecologically unequal exchange: Implications for sustainability in the 21st century. Ecological Economics. 2020; 179 ():106824.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Dorninger; Alf Hornborg; David J. Abson; Henrik von Wehrden; Anke Schaffartzik; Stefan Giljum; John-Oliver Engler; Robert L. Feller; Klaus Hubacek; Hanspeter Wieland. 2020. "Global patterns of ecologically unequal exchange: Implications for sustainability in the 21st century." Ecological Economics 179, no. : 106824.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The relationship between economic affluence, quality of life, and environmental implications of production and consumption activities is a recurring issue in sustainability discussions. A number of studies examined selected relationships, but the general implications for future development options to achieve environmentally and socially sustainable development of countries at different levels of per capita resource footprints, quality of life, and income have not yet been investigated in detail. In this study, we use a global dataset with 173 countries to assess the overall relationship between resource footprints, quality of life, and economic development over the period of 1990–2015. We select the material footprint and carbon footprint and contrast them with the Human Development Index, the Happiness Index, and GDP per capita. Regression analyses show that the relationship between various resource footprints and quality of life generally follows a logarithmic path of development, while resource footprints and GDP per capita are linearly connected. From the empirical results, we derive a generalized path of development and cluster countries along this path. Within this comprehensive framework, we discuss options to change the path to respect planetary and social boundaries through a combination of resource efficiency increases, substitution of industries and sufficiency of consumption. We conclude that decoupling and green growth will not realize sustainable development if planetary boundaries have already been transgressed.

ACS Style

Stefan Cibulka; Stefan Giljum. Towards a Comprehensive Framework of the Relationships between Resource Footprints, Quality of Life, and Economic Development. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4734 .

AMA Style

Stefan Cibulka, Stefan Giljum. Towards a Comprehensive Framework of the Relationships between Resource Footprints, Quality of Life, and Economic Development. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4734.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Cibulka; Stefan Giljum. 2020. "Towards a Comprehensive Framework of the Relationships between Resource Footprints, Quality of Life, and Economic Development." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4734.

Research and analysis
Published: 17 December 2019 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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Input–output analysis is one of the central methodological pillars of industrial ecology. However, the literature that discusses different structures of environmental extensions (EEs), that is, the scope of physical flows and their attribution to sectors in the monetary input–output table (MIOT), remains fragmented. This article investigates the conceptual and empirical implications of applying two different but frequently used designs of EEs, using the case of energy accounting, where one represents energy supply while the other energy use in the economy. We derive both extensions from an official energy supply–use dataset and apply them to the same single‐region input–output (SRIO) model of Austria, thereby isolating the effect that stems from the decision for the extension design. We also crosscheck the SRIO results with energy footprints from the global multi‐regional input–output (GMRIO) dataset EXIOBASE. Our results show that the ranking of footprints of final demand categories (e.g., household and export) is sensitive to the extension design and that product‐level results can vary by several orders of magnitude. The GMRIO‐based comparison further reveals that for a few countries the supply‐extension result can be twice the size of the use‐extension footprint (e.g., Australia and Norway). We propose a graph approach to provide a generalized framework to disclosing the design of EEs. We discuss the conceptual differences between the two extension designs by applying analogies to hybrid life‐cycle assessment and conclude that our findings are relevant for monitoring of energy efficiency and emission reduction targets and corporate footprint accounting.

ACS Style

Hanspeter Wieland; Stefan Giljum; Nina Eisenmenger; Dominik Wiedenhofer; Martin Bruckner; Anke Schaffartzik; Anne Owen. Supply versus use designs of environmental extensions in input–output analysis: Conceptual and empirical implications for the case of energy. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2019, 24, 548 -563.

AMA Style

Hanspeter Wieland, Stefan Giljum, Nina Eisenmenger, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Martin Bruckner, Anke Schaffartzik, Anne Owen. Supply versus use designs of environmental extensions in input–output analysis: Conceptual and empirical implications for the case of energy. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2019; 24 (3):548-563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanspeter Wieland; Stefan Giljum; Nina Eisenmenger; Dominik Wiedenhofer; Martin Bruckner; Anke Schaffartzik; Anne Owen. 2019. "Supply versus use designs of environmental extensions in input–output analysis: Conceptual and empirical implications for the case of energy." Journal of Industrial Ecology 24, no. 3: 548-563.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2019 in Sustainability
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Bioeconomy strategies in high income societies focus at replacing finite, fossil resources by renewable, biological resources to reconcile macro-economic concerns with climate constraints. However, the current bioeconomy is associated with critical levels of environmental degradation. As a potential increase in biological resource use may further threaten the capacity of ecosystems to fulfil human needs, it remains unclear whether bioeconomy transitions in high income countries are sustainable. In order to fill a gap in bioeconomy sustainability assessments, we apply an ontological lens of coupled social-ecological systems to explore critical mechanisms in relation to bioeconomy activities in the global resource system. This contributes to a social-ecological systems (SES)-based understanding of sustainability from a high income country perspective: the capacity of humans to satisfy their needs with strategies that reduce current levels of pressures and impacts on ecosystems. Building on this notion of agency, we develop a framework prototype that captures the systemic relation between individual human needs and collective social outcomes on the one hand (micro-level) and social-ecological impacts in the global resource system on the other hand (macro-level). The BIO-SES framework emphasizes the role of responsible consumption (for physical health), responsible production (to reduce stressors on the environment), and the role of autonomy and self-organisation (to protect the reproduction capacity of social-ecological systems). In particular, the BIO-SES framework can support (1) individual and collective agency in high income country contexts to reduce global resource use and related ecosystem impacts with a bioeconomy strategy, (2) aligning social outcomes, monitoring efforts and governance structures with place-based efforts to achieve the SDGs, as well as (3), advancing the evidence base and social-ecological theory on responsible bioeconomy transitions in the limited biosphere.

ACS Style

Liesbeth De Schutter; Stefan Giljum; Tiina Häyhä; Martin Bruckner; Asjad Naqvi; Ines Omann; Sigrid Stagl. Bioeconomy Transitions through the Lens of Coupled Social-Ecological Systems: A Framework for Place-Based Responsibility in the Global Resource System. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5705 .

AMA Style

Liesbeth De Schutter, Stefan Giljum, Tiina Häyhä, Martin Bruckner, Asjad Naqvi, Ines Omann, Sigrid Stagl. Bioeconomy Transitions through the Lens of Coupled Social-Ecological Systems: A Framework for Place-Based Responsibility in the Global Resource System. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesbeth De Schutter; Stefan Giljum; Tiina Häyhä; Martin Bruckner; Asjad Naqvi; Ines Omann; Sigrid Stagl. 2019. "Bioeconomy Transitions through the Lens of Coupled Social-Ecological Systems: A Framework for Place-Based Responsibility in the Global Resource System." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5705.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 18 February 2019 in Environmental Research Letters
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A rapidly growing share of global agricultural areas is devoted to the production of biomass for non-food purposes. The expanding non-food bioeconomy can have far-reaching social and ecological implications; yet, the non-food sector has attained little attention in land footprint studies. This paper provides the first assessment of the global cropland footprint of non-food products of the European Union (EU), a globally important region regarding its expanding bio-based economy. We apply a novel hybrid land flow accounting model, combining the biophysical trade model LANDFLOW with the multi-regional input-output model EXIOBASE. The developed hybrid approach improves the level of product and country detail, while comprehensively covering all global supply chains from agricultural production to final consumption, including highly-processed products, such as many non-food products. The results highlight the EU's role as a major processing and the biggest consuming region of cropland-based non-food products while at the same time relying heavily on imports. Two thirds of the cropland required to satisfy the EU's non-food biomass consumption are located in other world regions, particularly in China, the US and Indonesia, giving rise to potential impacts on distant ecosystems. With almost 39% in 2010, oilseeds used to produce for example biofuels, detergents and polymers represented the dominant share of the EU's non-food cropland demand. Traditional non-food biomass uses, such as fibre crops for textiles and animal hides and skins for leather products, also contributed notably (22%). Our findings suggest that if the EU Bioeconomy Strategy is to support global sustainable development, a detailed monitoring of land use displacement and spillover effects is decisive for targeted and effective EU policy making.

ACS Style

Martin Bruckner; Tiina Häyhä; Stefan Giljum; Victor Wegner Maus; Günther Fischer; Sylvia Tramberend; Jan Boerner. Quantifying the global cropland footprint of the European Union’s non-food bioeconomy. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 045011 .

AMA Style

Martin Bruckner, Tiina Häyhä, Stefan Giljum, Victor Wegner Maus, Günther Fischer, Sylvia Tramberend, Jan Boerner. Quantifying the global cropland footprint of the European Union’s non-food bioeconomy. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (4):045011.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin Bruckner; Tiina Häyhä; Stefan Giljum; Victor Wegner Maus; Günther Fischer; Sylvia Tramberend; Jan Boerner. 2019. "Quantifying the global cropland footprint of the European Union’s non-food bioeconomy." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 4: 045011.

Research and analysis
Published: 07 November 2018 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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In various international policy processes such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, an urgent demand for robust consumption‐based indicators of material flows, or material footprints (MFs), has emerged over the past years. Yet, MFs for national economies diverge when calculated with different Global Multiregional Input–Output (GMRIO) databases, constituting a significant barrier to a broad policy uptake of these indicators. The objective of this paper is to quantify the impact of data deviations between GMRIO databases on the resulting MF. We use two methods, structural decomposition analysis and structural production layer decomposition, and apply them for a pairwise assessment of three GMRIO databases, EXIOBASE, Eora, and the OECD Inter‐Country Input–Output (ICIO) database, using an identical set of material extensions. Although all three GMRIO databases accord for the directionality of footprint results, that is, whether a countries’ final demand depends on net imports of raw materials from abroad or is a net exporter, they sometimes show significant differences in level and composition of material flows. Decomposing the effects from the Leontief matrices (economic structures), we observe that a few sectors at the very first stages of the supply chain, that is, raw material extraction and basic processing, explain 60% of the total deviations stemming from the technology matrices. We conclude that further development of methods to align results from GMRIOs, in particular for material‐intensive sectors and supply chains, should be an important research priority. This will be vital to strengthen the uptake of demand‐based material flow indicators in the resource policy context.

ACS Style

Stefan Giljum; Hanspeter Wieland; Stephan Lutter; Nina Eisenmenger; Heinz Schandl; Anne Owen. The impacts of data deviations between MRIO models on material footprints: A comparison of EXIOBASE, Eora, and ICIO. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2018, 23, 946 -958.

AMA Style

Stefan Giljum, Hanspeter Wieland, Stephan Lutter, Nina Eisenmenger, Heinz Schandl, Anne Owen. The impacts of data deviations between MRIO models on material footprints: A comparison of EXIOBASE, Eora, and ICIO. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2018; 23 (4):946-958.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Giljum; Hanspeter Wieland; Stephan Lutter; Nina Eisenmenger; Heinz Schandl; Anne Owen. 2018. "The impacts of data deviations between MRIO models on material footprints: A comparison of EXIOBASE, Eora, and ICIO." Journal of Industrial Ecology 23, no. 4: 946-958.

Articles
Published: 09 July 2018 in Economic Systems Research
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A new approach to allocate environmental responsibility, the ‘value added-based responsibility’ allocation, is presented in this article. This metric allocates total environmental pressures occurring along an international supply chain to the participating sectors and countries according to the share of value added they generate within that specific supply chain. We show that – due to their position in global value chains – certain sectors (e.g. services) and countries (e.g. Germany) receive significantly greater responsibility compared to other allocation approaches. This adds a new perspective to the discussions concerning a fair distribution of mitigation costs among nations, companies and consumers.

ACS Style

Pablo Piñero; Martin Bruckner; Hanspeter Wieland; Eva Pongrácz; Stefan Giljum. The raw material basis of global value chains: allocating environmental responsibility based on value generation. Economic Systems Research 2018, 31, 206 -227.

AMA Style

Pablo Piñero, Martin Bruckner, Hanspeter Wieland, Eva Pongrácz, Stefan Giljum. The raw material basis of global value chains: allocating environmental responsibility based on value generation. Economic Systems Research. 2018; 31 (2):206-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Piñero; Martin Bruckner; Hanspeter Wieland; Eva Pongrácz; Stefan Giljum. 2018. "The raw material basis of global value chains: allocating environmental responsibility based on value generation." Economic Systems Research 31, no. 2: 206-227.

Editorial
Published: 04 May 2018 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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ACS Style

Arnold Tukker; Richard Wood; Stefan Giljum. Relevance of Global Multi Regional Input Output Databases for Global Environmental Policy: Experiences with EXIOBASE 3. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2018, 22, 482 -484.

AMA Style

Arnold Tukker, Richard Wood, Stefan Giljum. Relevance of Global Multi Regional Input Output Databases for Global Environmental Policy: Experiences with EXIOBASE 3. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2018; 22 (3):482-484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnold Tukker; Richard Wood; Stefan Giljum. 2018. "Relevance of Global Multi Regional Input Output Databases for Global Environmental Policy: Experiences with EXIOBASE 3." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 3: 482-484.

Preprint
Published: 01 April 2018 in SSRN Electronic Journal
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A rapidly growing share of global agricultural areas is devoted to the production of biomass for non-food purposes. The derived products include, for example, biofuels, textiles, detergents or cosmetics. Given the far-reaching global implications of an expanding non-food bioeconomy, an assessment of the bioeconomy’s resource use from a footprint perspective is urgently needed. We determine the global cropland footprint of non-food products with a hybrid land flow accounting model combining data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the multi-regional input-output model EXIOBASE. The globally interlinked model covers all cropland areas used for the production of crop- and animal-based non-food commodities for the years from 1995 to 2010. We analyse global patterns of raw material producers, processers and consumers of bio-based non-food products, with a particular focus on the European Union. Results illustrate that the EU is a major processer and the number one consumer region of non-food cropland, despite being only the fifth largest producing region. Two thirds of the cropland required to satisfy EU non-food consumption are located in other world regions, giving rise to a significant dependency on imported products and to potential impacts on distant ecosystems. With almost 29% in 2010, oilseed production, used to produce, for example, biofuels, detergents and polymers, represents the dominant share in the EU’s non-food cropland footprint. There is also a significant contribution of more traditional non-food biomass uses such as fibre crops (for textiles) and animal hides and skins (for leather products). Our study emphasises the importance of comprehensively assessing the implications of the non-food bioeconomy expansion as envisaged in various policy strategies, such as the Bioeconomy Strategy of the European Commission.

ACS Style

Martin Bruckner; Stefan Giljum; Ggnther Fischer; Sylvia Tramberend; Jan Bbrner. The Global Cropland Footprint of the Non-Food Bioeconomy. SSRN Electronic Journal 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Martin Bruckner, Stefan Giljum, Ggnther Fischer, Sylvia Tramberend, Jan Bbrner. The Global Cropland Footprint of the Non-Food Bioeconomy. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin Bruckner; Stefan Giljum; Ggnther Fischer; Sylvia Tramberend; Jan Bbrner. 2018. "The Global Cropland Footprint of the Non-Food Bioeconomy." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2018 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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Most countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased resource efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate resource productivity. Hence, for an understanding of resource efficiency from a consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in the upstream supply chains, there is a need to assess the environmental pressures embodied in trade. We use EXIOBASE3, a new multiregional input-output database, to examine the rate of increase in resource efficiency, and investigate the ways in which international trade contributes to the displacement of pressures on the environment from the consumption of a population. We look at the environmental pressures of energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water use, and land use. Material use stands out as the only indicator growing in both absolute and relative terms to population and gross domestic product (GDP), while land use is the only indicator showing absolute decoupling from both references. Energy, GHG, and water use show relative decoupling. As a percentage of total global environmental pressure, we calculate the net impact displaced through trade rising from 23% to 32% for material use (1995–2011), 23% to 26% for water use, 20% to 29% for energy use, 20% to 26% for land use, and 19% to 24% for GHG emissions. The results show a substantial disparity between trade-related impacts for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries. At the product group level, we observe the most rapid growth in environmental footprints in clothing and footwear. The analysis points to implications for future policies aiming to achieve environmental targets, while fully considering potential displacement effects through international trade.

ACS Style

Richard Wood; Konstantin Stadler; Moana Simas; Tatyana Bulavskaya; Stefan Giljum; Stephan Lutter; Arnold Tukker. Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2018, 22, 553 -564.

AMA Style

Richard Wood, Konstantin Stadler, Moana Simas, Tatyana Bulavskaya, Stefan Giljum, Stephan Lutter, Arnold Tukker. Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2018; 22 (3):553-564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Wood; Konstantin Stadler; Moana Simas; Tatyana Bulavskaya; Stefan Giljum; Stephan Lutter; Arnold Tukker. 2018. "Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 3: 553-564.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2018 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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Global multiregional input-output databases (GMRIOs) became the standard tool for tracking environmental impacts through global supply chains. To date, several GMRIOs are available, but the numerical results differ. This paper considers how GMRIOs can be made more robust and authoritative. We show that GMRIOs need detail in environmentally relevant sectors. On the basis of a review of earlier work, we conclude that the highest uncertainty in footprint analyses is caused by the environmental data used in a GMRIO, followed by the size of country measured in gross domestic product (GDP) as fraction of the global total, the structure of the national table, and only at the end the structure of trade. We suggest the following to enhance robustness of results. In the short term, we recommend using the Single country National Accounts Consistent footprint approach, that uses official data for extensions and the national table for the country in question, combined with embodiments in imports calculated using a GMRIO. In a time period of 2 to 3 years, we propose work on harmonized environmental data for water, carbon, materials, and land, and use the aggregated Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Inter-Country Input-Output GMRIO as default in combination with detailing procedures developed in, for example, the EXIOBASE and Eora projects. In the long term, solutions should be coordinated by the international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) Statistical Division, OECD, and Eurostat. This could ensure that when input-output tables and trade data of individual countries are combined, that the global totals are consistent and that bilateral trade asymmetries are resolved.

ACS Style

Arnold Tukker; Arjan De Koning; Anne Owen; Stephan Lutter; Martin Bruckner; Stefan Giljum; Konstantin Stadler; Richard Wood; Rutger Hoekstra. Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2018, 22, 585 -598.

AMA Style

Arnold Tukker, Arjan De Koning, Anne Owen, Stephan Lutter, Martin Bruckner, Stefan Giljum, Konstantin Stadler, Richard Wood, Rutger Hoekstra. Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2018; 22 (3):585-598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnold Tukker; Arjan De Koning; Anne Owen; Stephan Lutter; Martin Bruckner; Stefan Giljum; Konstantin Stadler; Richard Wood; Rutger Hoekstra. 2018. "Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 3: 585-598.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2018 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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This paper serves as an introduction to this special issue on the use of multiregional input-output modeling in assessments of natural resource use and resource use efficiency. Due to globalization, growth in trade has outpaced growth in global gross domestic product (GDP). As a consequence, impacts of consumption of a country increasingly take place abroad. Various methods have been developed to perform so-called footprint analyses. We argue that global multiregional input-output (GMRIO) analysis has the largest potential to provide a consistent accounting framework to calculate a variety of different footprint indicators. The state of the art in GMRIO has, however, various shortcomings, such as limited sector and regional detail and incomplete extensions. The work presented in this special issue addresses a number of such problems and how to possibly overcome them, focusing on the construction of a new GMRIO database (EXIOBASE V3). This database includes long time series in both current and constant prices, a high level of product and sector detail, a physical representation of the world economy, and allows analyzing which footprints out of the many possible indicators provide most information for policy making. Various options for empirical analyses are presented in this special issue. Finally, we analyze how GMRIOs can be further standardized and gradually moved from the scientific to the official statistical domain.

ACS Style

Arnold Tukker; Stefan Giljum; Richard Wood. Recent Progress in Assessment of Resource Efficiency and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: An Introduction to this Special Issue. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2018, 22, 489 -501.

AMA Style

Arnold Tukker, Stefan Giljum, Richard Wood. Recent Progress in Assessment of Resource Efficiency and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: An Introduction to this Special Issue. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2018; 22 (3):489-501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnold Tukker; Stefan Giljum; Richard Wood. 2018. "Recent Progress in Assessment of Resource Efficiency and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: An Introduction to this Special Issue." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 3: 489-501.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2018 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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Environmentally extended multiregional input-output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide a comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on the environment. Of the available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out as a database compatible with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) with a high sectorial detail matched with multiple social and environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present the latest developments realized with EXIOBASE 3—a time series of EE MRIO tables ranging from 1995 to 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) and five rest of the world regions. EXIOBASE 3 builds upon the previous versions of EXIOBASE by using rectangular supply-use tables (SUTs) in a 163 industry by 200 products classification as the main building blocks. In order to capture structural changes, economic developments, as reported by national statistical agencies, were imposed on the available, disaggregated SUTs from EXIOBASE 2. These initial estimates were further refined by incorporating detailed data on energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, and bilateral trade. EXIOBASE 3 inherits the high level of environmental stressor detail from its precursor, with further improvement in the level of detail for resource extraction. To account for the expansion of the European Union (EU), EXIOBASE 3 was developed with the full EU28 country set (including the new member state Croatia). EXIOBASE 3 provides a unique tool for analyzing the dynamics of environmental pressures of economic activities over time.

ACS Style

Konstantin Stadler; Richard Wood; Tatyana Bulavskaya; Carl-Johan Södersten; Moana Simas; Sarah Schmidt; Arkaitz Usubiaga; José Acosta-Fernández; Jeroen Kuenen; Martin Bruckner; Stefan Giljum; Stephan Lutter; Stefano Merciai; Jannick H. Schmidt; Michaela Clarissa Theurl; Christoph Plutzar; Thomas Kastner; Nina Eisenmenger; Karl-Heinz Erb; Arjan De Koning; Arnold Tukker. EXIOBASE 3: Developing a Time Series of Detailed Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output Tables. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2018, 22, 502 -515.

AMA Style

Konstantin Stadler, Richard Wood, Tatyana Bulavskaya, Carl-Johan Södersten, Moana Simas, Sarah Schmidt, Arkaitz Usubiaga, José Acosta-Fernández, Jeroen Kuenen, Martin Bruckner, Stefan Giljum, Stephan Lutter, Stefano Merciai, Jannick H. Schmidt, Michaela Clarissa Theurl, Christoph Plutzar, Thomas Kastner, Nina Eisenmenger, Karl-Heinz Erb, Arjan De Koning, Arnold Tukker. EXIOBASE 3: Developing a Time Series of Detailed Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output Tables. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2018; 22 (3):502-515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Konstantin Stadler; Richard Wood; Tatyana Bulavskaya; Carl-Johan Södersten; Moana Simas; Sarah Schmidt; Arkaitz Usubiaga; José Acosta-Fernández; Jeroen Kuenen; Martin Bruckner; Stefan Giljum; Stephan Lutter; Stefano Merciai; Jannick H. Schmidt; Michaela Clarissa Theurl; Christoph Plutzar; Thomas Kastner; Nina Eisenmenger; Karl-Heinz Erb; Arjan De Koning; Arnold Tukker. 2018. "EXIOBASE 3: Developing a Time Series of Detailed Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output Tables." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 3: 502-515.

Book chapter
Published: 14 December 2017 in Routledge Handbook of the Resource Nexus
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ACS Style

Stefan Giljum; Martin Bruckner; Stephan Lutter. Resource footprints. Routledge Handbook of the Resource Nexus 2017, 93 -104.

AMA Style

Stefan Giljum, Martin Bruckner, Stephan Lutter. Resource footprints. Routledge Handbook of the Resource Nexus. 2017; ():93-104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Giljum; Martin Bruckner; Stephan Lutter. 2017. "Resource footprints." Routledge Handbook of the Resource Nexus , no. : 93-104.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2017 in Annual Review of Environment and Resources
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The growing extraction of natural resources and the waste and emissions resulting from their use are directly or indirectly responsible for humanity approaching or even surpassing critical planetary boundaries. A sound knowledge base of society’s metabolism, i.e., the physical exchange processes between society and its natural environment and the production and consumption processes involved, is essential to develop strategies for more sustainable resource use. Economy-wide material flow accounting (MFA) is a framework that provides consistent compilations of the material inputs to national economies, changes in material stocks within the economic system, and material outputs to other economies and the environment. We present the conceptual foundations of MFA and derived indicators and review the current state of knowledge of global patterns and trends of extraction, trade, and use of materials. We discuss the relation of material use and economic development and the decoupling of material use from economic growth in the context of sustainable resource use policies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources Volume 42 is October 17, 2017. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

ACS Style

Fridolin Krausmann; Heinz Schandl; Nina Eisenmenger; Stefan Giljum; Tim Jackson. Material Flow Accounting: Measuring Global Material Use for Sustainable Development. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 2017, 42, 647 -675.

AMA Style

Fridolin Krausmann, Heinz Schandl, Nina Eisenmenger, Stefan Giljum, Tim Jackson. Material Flow Accounting: Measuring Global Material Use for Sustainable Development. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2017; 42 (1):647-675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fridolin Krausmann; Heinz Schandl; Nina Eisenmenger; Stefan Giljum; Tim Jackson. 2017. "Material Flow Accounting: Measuring Global Material Use for Sustainable Development." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 42, no. 1: 647-675.

Article commentary
Published: 16 October 2017 in Environmental Science & Technology
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ACS Style

Zoran J.N. Steinmann; Aafke M. Schipper; Mara Hauck; Stefan Giljum; Gregor Wernet; Mark Huijbregts. Response to Comment on “Resource Footprints are Good Proxies of Environmental Damage″. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51, 13056 -13057.

AMA Style

Zoran J.N. Steinmann, Aafke M. Schipper, Mara Hauck, Stefan Giljum, Gregor Wernet, Mark Huijbregts. Response to Comment on “Resource Footprints are Good Proxies of Environmental Damage″. Environmental Science & Technology. 2017; 51 (21):13056-13057.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zoran J.N. Steinmann; Aafke M. Schipper; Mara Hauck; Stefan Giljum; Gregor Wernet; Mark Huijbregts. 2017. "Response to Comment on “Resource Footprints are Good Proxies of Environmental Damage″." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 21: 13056-13057.

Book chapter
Published: 30 September 2017 in Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science
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ACS Style

Stephan Lutter; Stefan Giljum; Martin Bruckner; Harry Lehmann. Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies. Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science 2017, 32, 45 -69.

AMA Style

Stephan Lutter, Stefan Giljum, Martin Bruckner, Harry Lehmann. Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies. Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science. 2017; 32 ():45-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Lutter; Stefan Giljum; Martin Bruckner; Harry Lehmann. 2017. "Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies." Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science 32, no. : 45-69.

Book chapter
Published: 29 September 2017 in Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity
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Christian Lutz; Stefan Giljum. Global resource use in a business-as-usual world up to 2030. Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity 2017, 30 -41.

AMA Style

Christian Lutz, Stefan Giljum. Global resource use in a business-as-usual world up to 2030. Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity. 2017; ():30-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Lutz; Stefan Giljum. 2017. "Global resource use in a business-as-usual world up to 2030." Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity , no. : 30-41.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2017 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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The international industrial ecology (IE) research community and United Nations (UN) Environment have, for the first time, agreed on an authoritative and comprehensive data set for global material extraction and trade covering 40 years of global economic activity and natural resource use. This new data set is becoming the standard information source for decision making at the UN in the context of the post-2015 development agenda, which acknowledges the strong links between sustainable natural resource management, economic prosperity, and human well-being. Only if economic growth and human development can become substantially decoupled from accelerating material use, waste, and emissions can the tensions inherent in the Sustainable Development Goals be resolved and inclusive human development be achieved. In this paper, we summarize the key findings of the assessment study to make the IE research community aware of this new global research resource. The global results show a massive increase in materials extraction from 22 billion tonnes (Bt) in 1970 to 70 Bt in 2010, and an acceleration in material extraction since 2000. This acceleration has occurred at a time when global population growth has slowed and global economic growth has stalled. The global surge in material extraction has been driven by growing wealth and consumption and accelerating trade. A material footprint perspective shows that demand for materials has grown even in the wealthiest parts of the world. Low-income countries have benefited least from growing global resource availability and have continued to deliver primary materials to high-income countries while experiencing few improvements in their domestic material living standards. Material efficiency, the amount of primary materials required per unit of economic activity, has declined since around 2000 because of a shift of global production from very material-efficient economies to less-efficient ones. This global trend of recoupling economic activity with material use, driven by industrialization and urbanization in the global South, most notably Asia, has negative impacts on a suite of environmental and social issues, including natural resource depletion, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and uneven economic development. This research is a good example of the IE research community providing information for evidence-based policy making on the global stage and testament to the growing importance of IE research in achieving global sustainable development.

ACS Style

Heinz Schandl; Marina Fischer-Kowalski; James West; Stefan Giljum; Monika Dittrich; Nina Eisenmenger; Arne Geschke; Mirko Lieber; Hanspeter Wieland; Anke Schaffartzik; Fridolin Krausmann; Sylvia Gierlinger; Karin Hosking; Manfred Lenzen; Hiroki Tanikawa; Alessio Miatto; Tomer Fishman. Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity: Forty Years of Evidence. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2017, 22, 827 -838.

AMA Style

Heinz Schandl, Marina Fischer-Kowalski, James West, Stefan Giljum, Monika Dittrich, Nina Eisenmenger, Arne Geschke, Mirko Lieber, Hanspeter Wieland, Anke Schaffartzik, Fridolin Krausmann, Sylvia Gierlinger, Karin Hosking, Manfred Lenzen, Hiroki Tanikawa, Alessio Miatto, Tomer Fishman. Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity: Forty Years of Evidence. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2017; 22 (4):827-838.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heinz Schandl; Marina Fischer-Kowalski; James West; Stefan Giljum; Monika Dittrich; Nina Eisenmenger; Arne Geschke; Mirko Lieber; Hanspeter Wieland; Anke Schaffartzik; Fridolin Krausmann; Sylvia Gierlinger; Karin Hosking; Manfred Lenzen; Hiroki Tanikawa; Alessio Miatto; Tomer Fishman. 2017. "Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity: Forty Years of Evidence." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 4: 827-838.