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Dr. Manikandan Ramesh
Alagappa University, India

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0 Bioinformatics
0 Systems Pharmacology
0 Stress Biology
0 Rice biotechnology
0 medicinal plants

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Bioinformatics
Systems Pharmacology
medicinal plants

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Review
Published: 19 July 2021 in Plants
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Abiotic stresses (AbS), such as drought, salinity, and thermal stresses, could highly affect the growth and development of plants. For decades, researchers have attempted to unravel the mechanisms of AbS for enhancing the corresponding tolerance of plants, especially for crop production in agriculture. In the present communication, we summarized the significant factors (atmosphere, soil and water) of AbS, their regulations, and integrated omics in the most important cereal crops in the world, especially rice, wheat, sorghum, and maize. It has been suggested that using systems biology and advanced sequencing approaches in genomics could help solve the AbS response in cereals. An emphasis was given to holistic approaches such as, bioinformatics and functional omics, gene mining and agronomic traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and transcription factors (TFs) family with respect to AbS. In addition, the development of omics studies has improved to address the identification of AbS responsive genes and it enables the interaction between signaling pathways, molecular insights, novel traits and their significance in cereal crops. This review compares AbS mechanisms to omics and bioinformatics resources to provide a comprehensive view of the mechanisms. Moreover, further studies are needed to obtain the information from the integrated omics databases to understand the AbS mechanisms for the development of large spectrum AbS-tolerant crop production.

ACS Style

Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics. Plants 2021, 10, 1472 .

AMA Style

Rajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Lakkakula Satish, Shunmugiah Pandian, Jen-Tsung Chen, Sunny Ahmar, Xiukang Wang, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Manikandan Ramesh. An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1472.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. 2021. "An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics." Plants 10, no. 7: 1472.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Environmental Research
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Less than a year following the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, variants of concern have emerged in the form of variant Alpha (B.1.1.7, the British variant) and Beta (B.1.351, the South Africa variant). Due to their high infectivity and morbidity, it has become clear that it is crucial to quickly and effectively detect these and other variants. Here, we report improved primers-probe sets for reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection including a rapid, cost-effective, and direct RT-qPCR method for detection of the two variants of concern (Alpha, B.1.1.7 and Beta, B.1.351). All the developed primers-probe sets were fully characterized, demonstrating sensitive and specific detection. These primer-probe sets were also successfully employed on wastewater samples aimed at detecting and even quantifying new variants in a geographical area, even prior to the reports by the medical testing. The novel primers-probe sets presented here will enable proper responses for pandemic containment, particularly considering the emergence of variants of concern.

ACS Style

Karin Yaniv; Eden Ozer; Marilou Shagan; Satish Lakkakula; Noam Plotkin; Nikhil Suresh Bhandarkar; Ariel Kushmaro. Direct RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, B.1.1.7 and Beta, B.1.351) detection and quantification in wastewater. Environmental Research 2021, 201, 111653 -111653.

AMA Style

Karin Yaniv, Eden Ozer, Marilou Shagan, Satish Lakkakula, Noam Plotkin, Nikhil Suresh Bhandarkar, Ariel Kushmaro. Direct RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, B.1.1.7 and Beta, B.1.351) detection and quantification in wastewater. Environmental Research. 2021; 201 ():111653-111653.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karin Yaniv; Eden Ozer; Marilou Shagan; Satish Lakkakula; Noam Plotkin; Nikhil Suresh Bhandarkar; Ariel Kushmaro. 2021. "Direct RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, B.1.1.7 and Beta, B.1.351) detection and quantification in wastewater." Environmental Research 201, no. : 111653-111653.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2021 in Agronomy
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The WRKY genes are one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) and play a crucial role in certain processes in plants including stress signaling, regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with stress responses, and other regulatory networks. This study aims to investigate the WRKY gene family in the C3 model plant, Oryza sativa L., using a genome-wide in silico expression analysis. Firstly, 104 WRKY TF family members were identified, and then their molecular properties and expression signatures were analyzed systematically. In silico spatio-temporal and hormonal expression profiling revealed the roles of OsWRKY genes and their dynamism in diverse developmental tissues and hormones, respectively. Comparative mapping between OsWRKY genes and their synteny with C4 panicoid genomes showed the evolutionary insights of the WRKY TF family. Interactions of OsWRKY coding gene sequences represented the complexity of abiotic stress (AbS) and their molecular cross-talks. The expression signature of 26 novel candidate genes in response to stresses exhibited the putative involvement of individual and combined AbS (CAbS) responses. These novel findings unravel the in-depth insights into OsWRKY TF genes and delineate the plant developmental metabolisms and their functional regulations in individual and CAbS conditions.

ACS Style

Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Sivakumar Adarshan; Muthukannan Lakshmi; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1301 .

AMA Style

Rajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Lakkakula Satish, Sivakumar Adarshan, Muthukannan Lakshmi, Shunmugiah Pandian, Jen-Tsung Chen, Sunny Ahmar, Xiukang Wang, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Manikandan Ramesh. The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Sivakumar Adarshan; Muthukannan Lakshmi; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. 2021. "The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1301.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
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Photonic techniques based on evanescent waves sensing (such as the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method) using plasmonic and nanostructured metallic/semiconductor materials hold huge potential in biosensing and associated analysis of biomolecular interactions. However, conventional SPR suffers from low penetration depths (<300 nm), limiting the applications for the surface interactions and analysis of larger biomolecules, such as for bacteria cells with a typical size of ∼1 μm. These cases result in the measured signal being non-monotonic with concentration, making the technique unreliable for high concentrations. Infrared wavelengths can be used, but then signal contrast suffers, and the instruments required for mid-infrared or longer wavelengths are prohibitively expensive. With this in mind, we developed a “nearly” guided SPR (NGWSPR) structure to enhance the performance of these sensors by increasing penetration depth and figure of merit using wavelengths in the optical telecommunication window where off-the-shelf instruments are available at low cost. The use of this technique for monotonic detection of cultured live Escherichia coli bacterial cells is demonstrated, thus opening a pathway to utilize and promote the approach for biosensing, biomedical research and industrial applications.

ACS Style

Anand M. Shrivastav; Lakkakula Satish; Ariel Kushmaro; Vasyl Shvalya; Uroš Cvelbar; Ibrahim Abdulhalim. Engineering the penetration depth of nearly guided wave surface plasmon resonance towards application in bacterial cells monitoring. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2021, 345, 130338 .

AMA Style

Anand M. Shrivastav, Lakkakula Satish, Ariel Kushmaro, Vasyl Shvalya, Uroš Cvelbar, Ibrahim Abdulhalim. Engineering the penetration depth of nearly guided wave surface plasmon resonance towards application in bacterial cells monitoring. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2021; 345 ():130338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anand M. Shrivastav; Lakkakula Satish; Ariel Kushmaro; Vasyl Shvalya; Uroš Cvelbar; Ibrahim Abdulhalim. 2021. "Engineering the penetration depth of nearly guided wave surface plasmon resonance towards application in bacterial cells monitoring." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 345, no. : 130338.

Short communication
Published: 17 June 2021 in Chemosphere
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The COVID-19 pandemic created a global crisis impacting not only healthcare systems, but also economics and society. Therefore, it is important to find novel methods for monitoring disease activity. Recent data have indicated that fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 is common, and that viral RNA can be detected in wastewater. This suggests that wastewater monitoring is a potentially efficient tool for both epidemiological surveillance, and early warning for SARS-CoV-2 circulation at the population level. In this study we sampled an urban wastewater infrastructure in the city of Ashkelon (̴ 150,000 population), Israel, during the end of the first COVID-19 wave in May 2020 when the number of infections seemed to be waning. We were able to show varying presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater from several locations in the city during two sampling periods, before the resurgence was clinically apparent. This was expressed with a new index, Normalized Viral Load (NVL) which can be used in different area scales to define levels of virus activity such as red (high) or green (no), and to follow morbidity in the population at the tested area. The rise in viral load between the two sampling periods (one week apart) indicated an increase in morbidity that was evident two weeks to a month later in the population. Thus, this methodology may provide an early indication for SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak in a population before an outbreak is clinically apparent.

ACS Style

Karin Yaniv; Marilou Shagan; Yair E. Lewis; Esti Kramarsky-Winter; Merav Weil; Victoria Indenbaum; Michal Elul; Oran Erster; Alin Sela Brown; Ella Mendelson; Batya Mannasse; Rachel Shirazi; Satish Lakkakula; Oren Miron; Ehud Rinott; Ricardo Gilead Baibich; Iris Bigler; Matan Malul; Rotem Rishti; Asher Brenner; Eran Friedler; Yael Gilboa; Sara Sabach; Yoval Alfiya; Uta Cheruti; Nadav Davidovich; Jacob Moran-Gilad; Yakir Berchenko; Itay Bar-Or; Ariel Kushmaro. City-level SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance. Chemosphere 2021, 283, 131194 -131194.

AMA Style

Karin Yaniv, Marilou Shagan, Yair E. Lewis, Esti Kramarsky-Winter, Merav Weil, Victoria Indenbaum, Michal Elul, Oran Erster, Alin Sela Brown, Ella Mendelson, Batya Mannasse, Rachel Shirazi, Satish Lakkakula, Oren Miron, Ehud Rinott, Ricardo Gilead Baibich, Iris Bigler, Matan Malul, Rotem Rishti, Asher Brenner, Eran Friedler, Yael Gilboa, Sara Sabach, Yoval Alfiya, Uta Cheruti, Nadav Davidovich, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Yakir Berchenko, Itay Bar-Or, Ariel Kushmaro. City-level SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance. Chemosphere. 2021; 283 ():131194-131194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karin Yaniv; Marilou Shagan; Yair E. Lewis; Esti Kramarsky-Winter; Merav Weil; Victoria Indenbaum; Michal Elul; Oran Erster; Alin Sela Brown; Ella Mendelson; Batya Mannasse; Rachel Shirazi; Satish Lakkakula; Oren Miron; Ehud Rinott; Ricardo Gilead Baibich; Iris Bigler; Matan Malul; Rotem Rishti; Asher Brenner; Eran Friedler; Yael Gilboa; Sara Sabach; Yoval Alfiya; Uta Cheruti; Nadav Davidovich; Jacob Moran-Gilad; Yakir Berchenko; Itay Bar-Or; Ariel Kushmaro. 2021. "City-level SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance." Chemosphere 283, no. : 131194-131194.

Review article
Published: 07 June 2021 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Isoflavones are ecophysiologically active secondary metabolites derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. They were mostly found in leguminous plants, especially in the pea family. Isoflavones play a key role in plant–environment interactions and act as phytoalexins also having an array of health benefits to the humans. According to epidemiological studies, a high intake of isoflavones-rich diets linked to a lower risk of hormone-related cancers, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, and cardiovascular diseases. These characteristics lead to the significant advancement in the studies on genetic and metabolic engineering of isoflavones in plants. As a result, a number of structural and regulatory genes involved in isoflavone biosynthesis in plants have been identified and characterized. Subsequently, they were engineered in various crop plants for the increased production of isoflavones. Furthermore, with the advent of high-throughput technologies, the regulation of isoflavone biosynthesis gains attention to increase or decrease the level of isoflavones in the crop plants. In the review, we begin with the role of isoflavones in plants, environment, and its benefits in human health. Besides, the main theme is to discuss the updated research progress in metabolic engineering of isoflavones in other plants species and regulation of production of isoflavones in soybeans.

ACS Style

Soo In Sohn; Subramani Pandian; Young Ju Oh; Hyeon Jung Kang; Woo Suk Cho; Youn Sung Cho. Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavones: An Updated Overview. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Soo In Sohn, Subramani Pandian, Young Ju Oh, Hyeon Jung Kang, Woo Suk Cho, Youn Sung Cho. Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavones: An Updated Overview. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 12 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soo In Sohn; Subramani Pandian; Young Ju Oh; Hyeon Jung Kang; Woo Suk Cho; Youn Sung Cho. 2021. "Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavones: An Updated Overview." Frontiers in Plant Science 12, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Bacterial communities in rhizosphere and root nodules have significant contributions to the growth and productivity of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In this report, we analyzed the physiological properties and dynamics of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere and root nodules at different growth stages using BioLog EcoPlate and high-throughput sequencing technology, respectively. The BioLog assay found that the metabolic capability of rhizosphere is in increasing trend in the growth of soybeans as compared to the bulk soil. As a result of the Illumina sequencing analysis, the microbial community structure of rhizosphere and root nodules was found to be influenced by the variety and growth stage of the soybean. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria were the most abundant in rhizosphere at all growth stages, followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the phylum Bacteroidetes showed the greatest change. But, in the root nodules Alphaproteobacteria were dominant. The results of the OTU analysis exhibited the dominance of Bradyrhizobium during the entire stage of growth, but the ratio of non-rhizobial bacteria showed an increasing trend as the soybean growth progressed. These findings revealed that bacterial community in the rhizosphere and root nodules changed according to both the variety and growth stages of soybean in the field.

ACS Style

Soo-In Sohn; Jae-Hyung Ahn; Subramani Pandian; Young-Ju Oh; Eun-Kyoung Shin; Hyeon-Jung Kang; Woo-Suk Cho; Youn-Sung Cho; Kong-Sik Shin. Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 5577 .

AMA Style

Soo-In Sohn, Jae-Hyung Ahn, Subramani Pandian, Young-Ju Oh, Eun-Kyoung Shin, Hyeon-Jung Kang, Woo-Suk Cho, Youn-Sung Cho, Kong-Sik Shin. Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (11):5577.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soo-In Sohn; Jae-Hyung Ahn; Subramani Pandian; Young-Ju Oh; Eun-Kyoung Shin; Hyeon-Jung Kang; Woo-Suk Cho; Youn-Sung Cho; Kong-Sik Shin. 2021. "Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5577.

Preprint
Published: 20 May 2021
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Bacterial communities in rhizosphere and root nodules have significant contributions to the growth and productivity of the soybean (Glycine max L.). In this report, we analyzed the physiological properties and dynamics of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere and root nodules at different growth stages using BioLog EcoPlate and high-throughput sequencing technology, respectively. The BioLog assay found that the metabolic capability of rhizosphere is in increasing trend in the growth of soybeans as compared to the bulk soil. As a result of the Illumina sequencing analysis, the microbial community structure of rhizosphere and root nodules was found to be influenced by the variety and growth stage of the soybean. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria were the most abundant in rhizosphere at all growth stages, followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria and the phylum Bacteroidetes showed the greatest change. But, in the root nodules Alphaproteobacteria were dominant. The results of the OTU analysis exhibited the dominance of Bradyrhizobium during the entire stage of growth, but the ratio of non-rhizobial bacteria showed an increasing trend as the soybean growth progressed. These findings revealed that bacterial community in the rhizosphere and root nodules changed according to both the variety and growth stages of soybean in the field.

ACS Style

Soo-In Sohn; Jae-Hyung Ahn; Subramani Pandian; Young-Ju Oh; Eun-Kyoung Shin; Hyeon-Jung Kang; Woo Suk Cho; Youn-Sung Cho; Kong-Sik Shin. Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Soo-In Sohn, Jae-Hyung Ahn, Subramani Pandian, Young-Ju Oh, Eun-Kyoung Shin, Hyeon-Jung Kang, Woo Suk Cho, Youn-Sung Cho, Kong-Sik Shin. Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soo-In Sohn; Jae-Hyung Ahn; Subramani Pandian; Young-Ju Oh; Eun-Kyoung Shin; Hyeon-Jung Kang; Woo Suk Cho; Youn-Sung Cho; Kong-Sik Shin. 2021. "Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 07 April 2021 in ACS ES&T Water
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Municipal sewage carries degraded and intact viral particles and RNA (ribonucleic acid) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2), shed by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients, to sewage and eventually to wastewater treatment plants. Proper wastewater treatment can prevent uncontrolled discharges of the virus into the environment. However, the role of different wastewater treatment stages in reducing viral RNA concentrations is, thus far, unknown. Here, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw sewage and during the main stages of the activated sludge process from two wastewater treatment plants in Israel, on three different days during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak. To reduce the detection limit, samples were concentrated prior to quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction by a factor of 2–43 using ultrafiltration. On average, ∼1 log RNA removal was attained by each of the primary and secondary treatment steps; however, >100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA/mL remained in the secondary effluents. Following chlorination, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected only once, likely due to an insufficient chlorine dose. Our results emphasize the capabilities and limitations of the conventional wastewater treatment process in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration and present preliminary evidence for the importance of tertiary treatment and chlorination in reducing dissemination of the virus to the environment.

ACS Style

Hala Abu Ali; Karin Yaniv; Edo Bar-Zeev; Sanhita Chaudhury; Marilou Shagan; Satish Lakkakula; Zeev Ronen; Ariel Kushmaro; Oded Nir. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process. ACS ES&T Water 2021, 1, 1161 -1167.

AMA Style

Hala Abu Ali, Karin Yaniv, Edo Bar-Zeev, Sanhita Chaudhury, Marilou Shagan, Satish Lakkakula, Zeev Ronen, Ariel Kushmaro, Oded Nir. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process. ACS ES&T Water. 2021; 1 (5):1161-1167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hala Abu Ali; Karin Yaniv; Edo Bar-Zeev; Sanhita Chaudhury; Marilou Shagan; Satish Lakkakula; Zeev Ronen; Ariel Kushmaro; Oded Nir. 2021. "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process." ACS ES&T Water 1, no. 5: 1161-1167.

Review
Published: 01 February 2021 in Biology
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The plant root is the primary site of interaction between plants and associated microorganisms and constitutes the main components of plant microbiomes that impact crop production. The endophytic bacteria in the root zone have an important role in plant growth promotion. Diverse microbial communities inhabit plant root tissues, and they directly or indirectly promote plant growth by inhibiting the growth of plant pathogens, producing various secondary metabolites. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion and response of root endophytic microorganisms for their survival and colonization in the host plants are the result of complex plant-microbe interactions. Endophytic microorganisms also assist the host to sustain different biotic and abiotic stresses. Better insights are emerging for the endophyte, such as host plant interactions due to advancements in ‘omic’ technologies, which facilitate the exploration of genes that are responsible for plant tissue colonization. Consequently, this is informative to envisage putative functions and metabolic processes crucial for endophytic adaptations. Detection of cell signaling molecules between host plants and identification of compounds synthesized by root endophytes are effective means for their utilization in the agriculture sector as biofertilizers. In addition, it is interesting that the endophytic microorganism colonization impacts the relative abundance of indigenous microbial communities and suppresses the deleterious microorganisms in plant tissues. Natural products released by endophytes act as biocontrol agents and inhibit pathogen growth. The symbiosis of endophytic bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant symbiotic signaling pathways and root colonization patterns and phytohormone synthesis. In this review, the potential of the root endophytic community, colonization, and role in the improvement of plant growth has been explained in the light of intricate plant-microbe interactions.

ACS Style

Udaya Vandana; Jina Rajkumari; L. Singha; Lakkakula Satish; Hemasundar Alavilli; Pamidimarri Sudheer; Sushma Chauhan; Rambabu Ratnala; Vanisri Satturu; Pranab Mazumder; Piyush Pandey. The Endophytic Microbiome as a Hotspot of Synergistic Interactions, with Prospects of Plant Growth Promotion. Biology 2021, 10, 101 .

AMA Style

Udaya Vandana, Jina Rajkumari, L. Singha, Lakkakula Satish, Hemasundar Alavilli, Pamidimarri Sudheer, Sushma Chauhan, Rambabu Ratnala, Vanisri Satturu, Pranab Mazumder, Piyush Pandey. The Endophytic Microbiome as a Hotspot of Synergistic Interactions, with Prospects of Plant Growth Promotion. Biology. 2021; 10 (2):101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Udaya Vandana; Jina Rajkumari; L. Singha; Lakkakula Satish; Hemasundar Alavilli; Pamidimarri Sudheer; Sushma Chauhan; Rambabu Ratnala; Vanisri Satturu; Pranab Mazumder; Piyush Pandey. 2021. "The Endophytic Microbiome as a Hotspot of Synergistic Interactions, with Prospects of Plant Growth Promotion." Biology 10, no. 2: 101.

Communication
Published: 01 December 2020 in Biology and Life Sciences Forum
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Drought and salinity are the major constraints on agricultural production worldwide and a remarkable attempt is being made to improve the plant yields in the direction of increasing water deficit. We have developed transgenic finger millet cultivars ‘CO(Ra)-14’ and ‘Paiyur-2’ overexpressing Erianthus arundinaceous DREB2 (EaDREB2) transcription factor confirmed by PCR and Southern stably expressed in T0 and T1. These transgenic lines were tolerant to high salinity and severe drought stress conditions without affecting the morphological or agronomic characters. Analysis of morpho-physiological characters revealed that overexpression of EaDREB2 gene was associated with maintenance of chlorophyll content, increased relative water content, improved accumulation of the osmotic substance such as proline and decreased electrolyte leakage, under both saline and drought stresses. After treating the plants to progressive drought and salinity stress, transgenic lines showed less chlorophyll reduction and moderate growth inhibition than the controls. The majority of the transformed lines showed prominent tolerance to salinity and drought with significant spikelet fertility and higher grain yield compared to the controls at stressed and unstressed conditions. This is the first holistic report on development of drought and saline tolerance in finger millet through transgenic modification and it is essential to benefit the farmers from seasonal stress.

ACS Style

Lakkakula Satish; Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Subramani Pandian; Stanislaus Ceasar; Manikandan Ramesh. Overexpression of Erianthus arundinaceus DREB2 Transcription Factor Ameliorates the Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Eleusine coracana Cultivars. Biology and Life Sciences Forum 2020, 4, 8 .

AMA Style

Lakkakula Satish, Periyasamy Rathinapriya, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Subramani Pandian, Stanislaus Ceasar, Manikandan Ramesh. Overexpression of Erianthus arundinaceus DREB2 Transcription Factor Ameliorates the Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Eleusine coracana Cultivars. Biology and Life Sciences Forum. 2020; 4 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lakkakula Satish; Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Subramani Pandian; Stanislaus Ceasar; Manikandan Ramesh. 2020. "Overexpression of Erianthus arundinaceus DREB2 Transcription Factor Ameliorates the Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Eleusine coracana Cultivars." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1: 8.

Technical note
Published: 30 October 2020 in Genes
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Mycorrhizal desert truffles such as Terfezia boudieri, Tirmania nivea, and Terfezia claveryi, form mycorrhizal associations with plants of the Cistaceae family. These valued truffles are still collected from the wild and not cultivated under intensive farming due to the lack of basic knowledge about their biology at all levels. Recently, several genomes of desert truffles have been decoded, enabling researchers to attempt genetic manipulations to enable cultivation. To execute such manipulations, the development of molecular tools for genes transformation into truffles is needed. We developed an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system in T. boudieri. This system was optimized for the developmental stage of the mycelia explants, bacterial optical density, infection and co-cultivation durations, and concentrations of the selection antibiotics. The pFPL-Rh plasmid harboring hph gene conferring hygromycin resistance as a selection marker and the red fluorescent protein gene were used as visual reporters. The optimal conditions were incubation with 200 μM of acetosyringone, attaining a bacterial optical density of 0.3 OD600; transfer time of 45 min; and co-cultivation for 3 days. This is the first report on a transformation system for T. boudieri, and the proposed protocol can be adapted for the transformation of other important desert truffles as well as ectomycorrhizal species.

ACS Style

Lakkakula Satish; Madhu Kamle; Guy Keren; Chandrashekhar D. Patil; Galit Yehezkel; Ze’Ev Barak; Varda Kagan-Zur; Ariel Kushmaro; Yaron Sitrit. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Genetic Transformation of the Ect-endomycorrhizal Fungus Terfezia boudieri. Genes 2020, 11, 1293 .

AMA Style

Lakkakula Satish, Madhu Kamle, Guy Keren, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Galit Yehezkel, Ze’Ev Barak, Varda Kagan-Zur, Ariel Kushmaro, Yaron Sitrit. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Genetic Transformation of the Ect-endomycorrhizal Fungus Terfezia boudieri. Genes. 2020; 11 (11):1293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lakkakula Satish; Madhu Kamle; Guy Keren; Chandrashekhar D. Patil; Galit Yehezkel; Ze’Ev Barak; Varda Kagan-Zur; Ariel Kushmaro; Yaron Sitrit. 2020. "Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Genetic Transformation of the Ect-endomycorrhizal Fungus Terfezia boudieri." Genes 11, no. 11: 1293.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2020 in Vaccines
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Brown planthopper (BPH), one of the most important pests of the rice (Oryza sativa) crop, becomes catastrophic under severe infestations and causes up to 60% yield loss. The highly disastrous BPH biotype in the Indian sub-continent is Biotype 4, which also known as the South Asian Biotype. Though many resistance genes were mapped until now, the utility of the resistance genes in the breeding programs is limited due to the breakdown of resistance and emergence of new biotypes. Hence, to identify the resistance genes for this economically important pest, we have used a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) panel consisting of 391 lines developed from eight indica founder parents. The panel was phenotyped at the controlled conditions for two consecutive years. A set of 27,041 cured polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and across-year phenotypic data were used for the identification of marker–trait associations. Genome-wide association analysis was performed to find out consistent associations by employing four single and two multi-locus models. Sixty-one SNPs were consistently detected by all six models. A set of 190 significant marker-associations identified by fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) were considered for searching resistance candidate genes. The highest number of annotated genes were found in chromosome 6 followed by 5 and 1. Ninety-two annotated genes identified across chromosomes of which 13 genes are associated BPH resistance including NB-ARC (nucleotide binding in APAF-1, R gene products, and CED-4) domain-containing protein, NHL repeat-containing protein, LRR containing protein, and WRKY70. The significant SNPs and resistant lines identified from our study could be used for an accelerated breeding program to develop new BPH resistant cultivars.

ACS Style

Vanisri Satturu; Jhansi Vattikuti; Durga J; Arvind Kumar; Rakesh Singh; Srinivas M; Hein Zaw; Mona Jubay; Lakkakula Satish; Abhishek Rathore; Sreedhar Mulinti; Ishwarya Lakshmi Vg; Animikha Chakraborty; Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu. Multiple Genome Wide Association Mapping Models Identify Quantitative Trait Nucleotides for Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Resistance in MAGIC Indica Population of Rice. Vaccines 2020, 8, 608 .

AMA Style

Vanisri Satturu, Jhansi Vattikuti, Durga J, Arvind Kumar, Rakesh Singh, Srinivas M, Hein Zaw, Mona Jubay, Lakkakula Satish, Abhishek Rathore, Sreedhar Mulinti, Ishwarya Lakshmi Vg, Animikha Chakraborty, Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu. Multiple Genome Wide Association Mapping Models Identify Quantitative Trait Nucleotides for Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Resistance in MAGIC Indica Population of Rice. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (4):608.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanisri Satturu; Jhansi Vattikuti; Durga J; Arvind Kumar; Rakesh Singh; Srinivas M; Hein Zaw; Mona Jubay; Lakkakula Satish; Abhishek Rathore; Sreedhar Mulinti; Ishwarya Lakshmi Vg; Animikha Chakraborty; Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu. 2020. "Multiple Genome Wide Association Mapping Models Identify Quantitative Trait Nucleotides for Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Resistance in MAGIC Indica Population of Rice." Vaccines 8, no. 4: 608.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2020 in Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
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In this study, the combined effects of five different heavy metals (HMs) (As, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu) on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) seedlings were assessed with morpho-physiological and biochemical variations. Overall, the growth, total biomass and chlorophyll and relative water contents in the leaves of the plants were decreased whereas electrolyte leakage was found to be increased in the higher concentrations (up to 500 μM) of HMs. The upraised level of compatible soluble solutes such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), soluble proteins and higher accumulation of H2O2 were witnessed in HMs stressed plants. The HMs treated and control plants were examined for the level of anti-oxidative defense systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR). There was substantial collinearity between HMs concentrations and its physiological, biochemical and the antioxidant enzyme activities which can be used as biomarkers to observe HMs polluted sorghum plants. This study clearly deciphered the adaptive defense mechanisms of sorghum towards combined HMs induced toxicity.

ACS Style

Subramani Pandian; Kasinathan Rakkammal; Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Arockiam Sagina Rency; Lakkakula Satish; Manikandan Ramesh. Physiological and biochemical changes in sorghum under combined heavy metal stress: An adaptive defence against oxidative stress. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020, 29, 101830 .

AMA Style

Subramani Pandian, Kasinathan Rakkammal, Periyasamy Rathinapriya, Arockiam Sagina Rency, Lakkakula Satish, Manikandan Ramesh. Physiological and biochemical changes in sorghum under combined heavy metal stress: An adaptive defence against oxidative stress. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2020; 29 ():101830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Subramani Pandian; Kasinathan Rakkammal; Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Arockiam Sagina Rency; Lakkakula Satish; Manikandan Ramesh. 2020. "Physiological and biochemical changes in sorghum under combined heavy metal stress: An adaptive defence against oxidative stress." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 29, no. : 101830.

Research article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
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Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects crop growth, development and productivity worldwide. In this study, the individual and synergistic roles of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) in salinity stress tolerance of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) was assessed. In the present study, plants treated with combined biogenic amines Put + Spd possess very efficient antioxidant enzyme systems which help to control the uninhibited oxidation and protect the plants from oxidative damage by ROS scavenging. Additionally, lower concentration of Put + Spd under NaCl stress showed reduced hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and caspase-like activity than control. FTIR analysis underlying the ability of PAs induced tolerance and the chemical bonds of Put + Spd treated plants were reminiscent of control plants. Moreover, histochemical analysis with 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), 3,3′–Diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) revealed that ROS accumulation was inhibited by combined PAs under salt stress condition. These results showed that Put + Spd significantly improve the endogenous PAs, which enhance high-salinity stress tolerance by detoxifying ROS. For the first time, the synergistic ROS scavenging ability of Put along with Spd was investigated upon salinity tolerance in C4 model foxtail millet crop. Overall, our findings illustrated the implication for improving salinity tolerance of agronomically important crop species.

ACS Style

Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Subramani Pandian; Kasinathan Rakkammal; Manoharan Balasangeetha; Rajaiah Alexpandi; Lakkakula Satish; Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar; Manikandan Ramesh. The protective effects of polyamines on salinity stress tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), an important C4 model crop. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2020, 26, 1815 -1829.

AMA Style

Periyasamy Rathinapriya, Subramani Pandian, Kasinathan Rakkammal, Manoharan Balasangeetha, Rajaiah Alexpandi, Lakkakula Satish, Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar, Manikandan Ramesh. The protective effects of polyamines on salinity stress tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), an important C4 model crop. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2020; 26 (9):1815-1829.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Subramani Pandian; Kasinathan Rakkammal; Manoharan Balasangeetha; Rajaiah Alexpandi; Lakkakula Satish; Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar; Manikandan Ramesh. 2020. "The protective effects of polyamines on salinity stress tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), an important C4 model crop." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 26, no. 9: 1815-1829.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Genomics
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Understanding the immunological behavior of COVID-19 cases at molecular level is essential for therapeutic development. In this study, multi-omics and systems pharmacology analyses were performed to unravel the multi-targeted mechanisms of novel bioactives to combat COVID-19. Immuno-transcriptomic dataset of healthy controls and COVID-19 cases was retrieved from ArrayExpress. Phytocompounds from ethnobotanical plants were collected from PubChem. Differentially expressed 98 immune genes associated with COVID-19 were derived through NetworkAnalyst 3.0. Among 259 plant derived compounds, 154 compounds were targeting 13 COVID-19 immune genes involved in diverse signaling pathways. In addition, pharmacological properties of these phytocompounds were compared with COVID-19 drugs prescribed by WHO, and 25 novel phytocompounds were found to be more efficient with higher bioactive scores. The current study unravels the virogenomic signatures which can serve as therapeutic targets and identified phytocompounds with anti-COVID-19 efficacy. However, further experimental validation is essential to bring out these molecules as commercial drug candidates.

ACS Style

Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Rajendran Jeyasri; Alaguvel Valliammai; Anthonymuthu Selvaraj; Chandrasekar Karthika; Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar; Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian; Manikandan Ramesh; Jen-Tsung Chen. Global multi-omics and systems pharmacological strategy unravel the multi-targeted therapeutic potential of natural bioactive molecules against COVID-19: An in silico approach. Genomics 2020, 112, 4486 -4504.

AMA Style

Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Rajendran Jeyasri, Alaguvel Valliammai, Anthonymuthu Selvaraj, Chandrasekar Karthika, Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian, Manikandan Ramesh, Jen-Tsung Chen. Global multi-omics and systems pharmacological strategy unravel the multi-targeted therapeutic potential of natural bioactive molecules against COVID-19: An in silico approach. Genomics. 2020; 112 (6):4486-4504.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Rajendran Jeyasri; Alaguvel Valliammai; Anthonymuthu Selvaraj; Chandrasekar Karthika; Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar; Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian; Manikandan Ramesh; Jen-Tsung Chen. 2020. "Global multi-omics and systems pharmacological strategy unravel the multi-targeted therapeutic potential of natural bioactive molecules against COVID-19: An in silico approach." Genomics 112, no. 6: 4486-4504.

Research article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Journal of Plant Nutrition
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In recent decades, chemical fertilizers create a thread to organic agriculture and food security. To overcome this issue, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of liquid seaweed extracts (LSEs) prepared from Padina boergesenii (PB) and Gracilaria edulis (GE) on growth, development, biochemical characteristics and yield traits of foxtail millet. The various concentrations of individual (20, 40, 60, and 80%; v/v) and combined (10 + 10, 20 + 20, 30 + 30, and 40 + 40%; v/v) PB and GE LSEs were supplied through foliar spray method. The results imply that germination bioassays, vegetative plant growth were significantly increased in lower concentration of LSEs. Further, exposure of foxtail plants to combined foliar spray application of (20 + 20%; v/v) LSEs enriched photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein, compared with single LSEs and control foliar spray methods. Additionally, LSEs enhanced the yield attributes such as the average number of seeds (971.5/panicle) and mean length of panicle (18.4 cm) in PB + GE LSEs (20 + 20%; v/v) treatment. This is the first report, to assess the synergistic biostimulant ability of PB and GE LSEs in plant growth, quality improvement and yield attributes of foxtail millet. In conclusion, this present study suggests that combination of PB + GE LSEs foliar spray application could serve as an ideal biostimulant and a potential alternate to hazards chemical fertilizer in the green agriculture.

ACS Style

Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Lakkakula Satish; Subramani Pandian; Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar; Manoharan Balasangeetha; Kasinathan Rakkammal; Manikandan Ramesh. Effects of liquid seaweed extracts in improving the agronomic performance of foxtail millet. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2020, 43, 2857 -2875.

AMA Style

Periyasamy Rathinapriya, Lakkakula Satish, Subramani Pandian, Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar, Manoharan Balasangeetha, Kasinathan Rakkammal, Manikandan Ramesh. Effects of liquid seaweed extracts in improving the agronomic performance of foxtail millet. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2020; 43 (19):2857-2875.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Periyasamy Rathinapriya; Lakkakula Satish; Subramani Pandian; Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar; Manoharan Balasangeetha; Kasinathan Rakkammal; Manikandan Ramesh. 2020. "Effects of liquid seaweed extracts in improving the agronomic performance of foxtail millet." Journal of Plant Nutrition 43, no. 19: 2857-2875.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
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Plants can be considered to biosynthesize the specialized metabolites to adapt to various environmental stressors mainly on abiotic stresses (AbS). Among specialized metabolites, glutamine (Gln) is an essential plant metabolite to achieve sustainable plant growth, yield and food security. In this pilot study, swe employed computational metabolomics genome wide association survey (cmGWAS) of Gln metabolite profiling in Oryza sativa, targeting at the identification of abiotic stress responsible (AbSR) – Gln metabolite producing genes (GlnMPG). Identified 5 AbSR-GlnMPG alter the metabolite levels and play a predominant role in delineating the physiological significance of rice. These genes were systematically analysed for their biological features via OryzaCyc. Spatio-temporal and plant hormonal expression pattern of AbSR-GlnMPG was analysed and their differential expression profiling were noted in 48 different tissues and hormones, respectively. Furthermore, comparative ideogram of these genes revealed the chromosomal synteny with C4 grass genomes. Molecular crosstalks of these proteins, unravelled the various metabolic interaction. The systems expression profiling of AbSR-GlnMPG will lead to unravel the metabolite signaling and putative responses in multiple AbS. On the whole, this holistic study provides deeper insights on biomolecular features of AbSR-GlnMPG, which could be analysed further to decipher their functional metabolisms in AbS dynamism.

ACS Style

Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Rajendran Jeyasri; Anthonymuthu Selvaraj; Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian; Manikandan Ramesh. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of glutamine metabolism genes unveil key players in Oryza sativa (L.) to ameliorate the unique and combined abiotic stress tolerance. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2020, 164, 222 -231.

AMA Style

Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Rajendran Jeyasri, Anthonymuthu Selvaraj, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian, Manikandan Ramesh. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of glutamine metabolism genes unveil key players in Oryza sativa (L.) to ameliorate the unique and combined abiotic stress tolerance. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020; 164 ():222-231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Rajendran Jeyasri; Anthonymuthu Selvaraj; Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian; Manikandan Ramesh. 2020. "Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of glutamine metabolism genes unveil key players in Oryza sativa (L.) to ameliorate the unique and combined abiotic stress tolerance." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 164, no. : 222-231.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2020 in Biomolecules
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Neurological diseases (NDs), especially Alzheimer’s and Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), can severely cause biochemical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord and other nerves of human beings. Their ever-increasing prevalence has led to a demand for new drug development. Indian traditional and Ayurvedic medicine used to combat the complex diseases from a holistic and integrative point of view has shown efficiency and effectiveness in the treatment of NDs. Bacopa monnieri is a potent Indian medicinal herb used for multiple ailments, but is significantly known as a nootropic or brain tonic and memory enhancer. This annual herb has various active compounds and acts as an alternative and complementary medicine in various countries. However, system-level insights of the molecular mechanism of a multiscale treatment strategy for NDs is still a bottleneck. Considering its prominence, we used cheminformatics and system pharmacological approaches, with the aim to unravel the various molecular mechanisms represented by Bacopa-derived compounds in identifying the active human targets when treating NDs. First, using cheminformatics analysis combined with the drug target mining process, 52 active compounds and their corresponding 780 direct receptors were retrieved and computationally validated. Based on the molecular properties, bioactive scores and comparative analysis with commercially available drugs, novel and active compounds such as asiatic acid (ASTA) and loliolide (LLD) to treat the Alzheimer’s and SCA were identified. According to the interactions among the active compounds, the targets and diseases were further analyzed to decipher the deeper pharmacological actions of the drug. NDs consist of complex regulatory modules that are integrated to dissect the therapeutic effects of compounds derived from Bacopa in various pathological features and their encoding biological processes. All these revealed that Bacopa compounds have several curative activities in regulating the various biological processes of NDs and also pave the way for the treatment of various diseases in modern medicine.

ACS Style

Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Vellaichami Suba; Manikandan Ramesh; Jen-Tsung Chen. Bacopa monnieri and Their Bioactive Compounds Inferred Multi-Target Treatment Strategy for Neurological Diseases: A Cheminformatics and System Pharmacology Approach. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 536 .

AMA Style

Rajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Vellaichami Suba, Manikandan Ramesh, Jen-Tsung Chen. Bacopa monnieri and Their Bioactive Compounds Inferred Multi-Target Treatment Strategy for Neurological Diseases: A Cheminformatics and System Pharmacology Approach. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (4):536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Vellaichami Suba; Manikandan Ramesh; Jen-Tsung Chen. 2020. "Bacopa monnieri and Their Bioactive Compounds Inferred Multi-Target Treatment Strategy for Neurological Diseases: A Cheminformatics and System Pharmacology Approach." Biomolecules 10, no. 4: 536.

Review
Published: 26 March 2020 in Plants
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Bacopa monnieri has been used as a reputed drug in the Indian traditional ayurvedic system for centuries. This medicinal herb with important phytopharmaceuticals has been popularly known as “Brahmi”. In recent years, B. monnieri has been extensively studied for its bioactive constituents, constituents responsible for memory enhancing effect, and also its diverse other useful effects. It possesses many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, gastrointestinal, endocrine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. The plant has been also used for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Due to its multipurpose therapeutic potential, micropropagation using axillary meristems and de novo organogenesis has been extensively studied in the species and is being reviewed. High frequency direct shoot organogenesis can be induced in excised leaf and internode explants in the absence of exogenous phytohormones and the rate of induction is enhanced in the presence of exogenous cytokinins, supplements, growth regulators, etc. Using explants from tissue culture raised plants, direct shoot regeneration leading to production of more than 100 rooted plants/explant within 8–12 weeks period with 85%–100% survival in the field after acclimatization can be expected following optimized protocols. Bioreactor based micropropagation was found to increase the multiplication rate of shoot cultures for the commercial propagation of B. monnieri plants. The maximum content of bacosides has been recorded in shoot biomass using an airlift bioreactor system. Further studies for the biosynthesis of bacosides and other secondary metabolites need to be conducted in the species utilizing untransformed shoot cultures in bioreactors.

ACS Style

Partha Sarathi Saha; Sayantika Sarkar; Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Manikandan Ramesh; Sumita Jha. In Vitro Propagation, Phytochemical and Neuropharmacological Profiles of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.: A Review. Plants 2020, 9, 411 .

AMA Style

Partha Sarathi Saha, Sayantika Sarkar, Rajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Manikandan Ramesh, Sumita Jha. In Vitro Propagation, Phytochemical and Neuropharmacological Profiles of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.: A Review. Plants. 2020; 9 (4):411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Partha Sarathi Saha; Sayantika Sarkar; Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Manikandan Ramesh; Sumita Jha. 2020. "In Vitro Propagation, Phytochemical and Neuropharmacological Profiles of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.: A Review." Plants 9, no. 4: 411.