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Imran Khan
College of Grassland Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China

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Short communication
Published: 02 May 2021 in Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
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High temperature is an environmental factor that affects plant growth and productivity. It is very important to study the changes in plant roots under heat stress (HS) to discover key heat response genes and improve the heat tolerance of plants. Pearl millet is utilized for food, livestock feed and bioenergy materials and is highly tolerant to HS. However, research on the response mechanism of pearl millet roots to HS is limited. In this study, we performed physiological index determination and RNA‐seq on the roots of pearl millet under HS (40/35°C) at 1, 3 and 7 hr. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 hr was the highest (8,479), followed by 1 hr (6,250) and 7 hr (5,167). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of DEGs revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trehalose synthesis pathways were the major responsive pathways after 1 and 3 hr of HS. This study revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of root response to high temperature stress in pearl millet and provided useful information for identifying heat‐resistant genes and breeding heat‐resistant plants.

ACS Style

Min Sun; Chuang Lin; Ailing Zhang; Xiaoshan Wang; Haidong Yan; Imran Khan; Bingchao Wu; Guangyan Feng; Gang Nie; Xinquan Zhang; Linkai Huang. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the molecular mechanism of response of pearl millet root to heat stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Min Sun, Chuang Lin, Ailing Zhang, Xiaoshan Wang, Haidong Yan, Imran Khan, Bingchao Wu, Guangyan Feng, Gang Nie, Xinquan Zhang, Linkai Huang. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the molecular mechanism of response of pearl millet root to heat stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Sun; Chuang Lin; Ailing Zhang; Xiaoshan Wang; Haidong Yan; Imran Khan; Bingchao Wu; Guangyan Feng; Gang Nie; Xinquan Zhang; Linkai Huang. 2021. "Transcriptome sequencing revealed the molecular mechanism of response of pearl millet root to heat stress." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Plants
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Heavy metal stress is a leading environmental issue reducing crop growth and productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid agro-ecological zones. Cadmium (Cd), a non-redox heavy metal, can indirectly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cell death. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 µM) on physiological and biochemical parameters in two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars: JS-2002 and Chakwal Sorghum. The results showed that various concentrations of Cd significantly increased the Cd uptake in both cultivars; however, the uptake was higher in JS-2002 compared to Chakwal Sorghum in leaf, stem and root. Regardless of the cultivars, there was a higher accumulation of the Cd in roots than in shoots. The Cd stress significantly reduced the growth and increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both cultivars, but the Chakwal Sorghum showed more pronounced oxidative damage than the JS-2002, as reflected by higher H2O2, MDA and EL. Moreover, Cd stress, particularly 50 µM and 100 µM, decreased the activity of different antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). However, the JS-2002 exhibited higher SOD, POD and CAT activities than the Chakwal Sorghum under different Cd-levels. These findings revealed that JS-2002 had a stronger Cd enrichment capacity and also exhibited a better tolerance to Cd stress due to its efficient antioxidant defense system than Chakwal Sorghum. The present study provides the available information about Cd enrichment and tolerance in S. bicolor, which is used as an important agricultural crop for livestock feed in arid and semi-arid regions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Sana Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ansar; Harun Gitari; Imran Khan; Muhammad Wajid; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars. Plants 2020, 9, 1575 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Sana Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ansar, Harun Gitari, Imran Khan, Muhammad Wajid, Mukhtar Ahmed, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Yan Peng, Zhou Li. Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Sana Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ansar; Harun Gitari; Imran Khan; Muhammad Wajid; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. 2020. "Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars." Plants 9, no. 11: 1575.

Special issue article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Physiologia Plantarum
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Drought stress is one of the most immense and permanent constraints in agriculture which leads to a massive loss of crop productivity. However, little is known about the mitigation role of exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under PEG‐induced drought stress. Therefore, the current study investigated the putative role of exogenous ABA and JA in improving drought stress tolerance in pearl millet. Thirteen‐day‐old seedlings were exposed to six different treatments as follow; control, PEG‐600 (20%), JA (100 μM), ABA (100 μM), PEG + JA and PEG + ABA, and data were collected at 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Results showed that PEG decreased plant growth while the oxidative damage increased due to over production of H2O2 and MDA content as a result of decreased activities of the antioxidative enzymes including APX, CAT and SOD in the leaves. However, exogenous ABA and JA positively enhanced the growth profile of seedlings by improving chlorophyll and relative water content under PEG treatment. A significant improvement was observed in the plant defence system resulting from increased activities of antioxidative enzymes due to exogenous ABA and JA under PEG. Overall, the performance of JA was found better than ABA under PEG‐induced drought stress, and future investigations are needed to explore the potential effects of these phytohormones on the long term crop management and productivity under drought stress.

ACS Style

Samrah Afzal Awan; Imran Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Xinquan Zhang; Marian Brestic; Aaqil Khan; Mohamed A. El‐Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali; Linkai Huang. Exogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid restrain polyethylene glycol‐induced drought by improving the growth and antioxidative enzyme activities in pearl millet. Physiologia Plantarum 2020, 172, 809 -819.

AMA Style

Samrah Afzal Awan, Imran Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Xinquan Zhang, Marian Brestic, Aaqil Khan, Mohamed A. El‐Sheikh, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Shafaqat Ali, Linkai Huang. Exogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid restrain polyethylene glycol‐induced drought by improving the growth and antioxidative enzyme activities in pearl millet. Physiologia Plantarum. 2020; 172 (2):809-819.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samrah Afzal Awan; Imran Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Xinquan Zhang; Marian Brestic; Aaqil Khan; Mohamed A. El‐Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali; Linkai Huang. 2020. "Exogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid restrain polyethylene glycol‐induced drought by improving the growth and antioxidative enzyme activities in pearl millet." Physiologia Plantarum 172, no. 2: 809-819.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2020 in Plants
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Bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) metal in the soils due to the scarcity of good quality water and industrial waste could be the major limiting factor for the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, there is a need for a prompt solution to the Cd toxicity, to fulfill increasing food demand resulting from growing world population. Today, a variable range of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is being used at a large scale in agriculture, to reduce the risk of abiotic stresses on plants and increase crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus siamensis in relieving the Cd induced damage in two wheat varieties (i.e., NARC-2009 and NARC-2011) grown in Cd spiked soil at different concentrations (0, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg). The plants under Cd stress accumulated more Cd in the roots and shoots, resulting in severe oxidative stress, evident by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, a decrease in cell osmotic status, and alteration in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also observed in wheat plants under Cd stress. As a result, the Cd exposed plants showed a reduction in growth, tissue biomass, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability, total soluble sugars, and amino acids, in comparison to control plants. The extent of damage was observed to be higher with an increase in Cd concentration. However, the inoculation of wheat with B. siamensis improved plant growth, reduced oxidative stress, and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both wheat varieties. B. siamensis amendment brought a considerable improvement in every parameter determined with respect to Cd stress. The response of both wheat varieties on exposure to B. siamensis was positively enhanced, whereas NARC-2009 accumulated less Cd compared to NARC-2011, which indicated a higher tolerance to Cd stress mediated by B. siamensis inoculation. Overall, the B. siamensis reduced the Cd toxicity in wheat plants through the augmentation of the antioxidant defense system and sugars production.

ACS Style

Samrah Afzal Awan; Noshin Ilyas; Imran Khan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Abd Ur Rehman; Muhammad Rizwan; Anshu Rastogi; Rezwan Tariq; Marian Brestic. Bacillus siamensis Reduces Cadmium Accumulation and Improves Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties. Plants 2020, 9, 878 .

AMA Style

Samrah Afzal Awan, Noshin Ilyas, Imran Khan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Abd Ur Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan, Anshu Rastogi, Rezwan Tariq, Marian Brestic. Bacillus siamensis Reduces Cadmium Accumulation and Improves Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties. Plants. 2020; 9 (7):878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samrah Afzal Awan; Noshin Ilyas; Imran Khan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Abd Ur Rehman; Muhammad Rizwan; Anshu Rastogi; Rezwan Tariq; Marian Brestic. 2020. "Bacillus siamensis Reduces Cadmium Accumulation and Improves Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties." Plants 9, no. 7: 878.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in BMC Plant Biology
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Heat and drought are serious threats for crop growth and development. As the sixth largest cereal crop in the world, pearl millet can not only be used for food and forage but also as a source of bioenergy. Pearl millet is highly tolerant to heat and drought. Given this, it is considered an ideal crop to study plant stress tolerance and can be used to identify heat-resistant genes. In this study, we used Pacbio sequencing data as a reference sequence to analyze the Illumina data of pearl millet that had been subjected to heat and drought stress for 48 h. By summarizing previous studies, we found 26,299 new genes and 63,090 new transcripts, and the number of gene annotations increased by 20.18%. We identified 2792 transcription factors and 1223 transcriptional regulators. There were 318 TFs and 149 TRs differentially expressed under heat stress, and 315 TFs and 128 TRs were differentially expressed under drought stress. We used RNA sequencing to identify 6920 genes and 6484 genes differentially expressed under heat stress and drought stress, respectively. Through Pacbio sequencing, we have identified more new genes and new transcripts. On the other hand, comparing the differentially expressed genes under heat tolerance with the DEGs under drought stress, we found that even in the same pathway, pearl millet responds with a different protein.

ACS Style

Min Sun; Dejun Huang; Ailing Zhang; Imran Khan; Haidong Yan; Xiaoshan Wang; Xinquan Zhang; Jian Zhang; Linkai Huang. Transcriptome analysis of heat stress and drought stress in pearl millet based on Pacbio full-length transcriptome sequencing. BMC Plant Biology 2020, 20, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Min Sun, Dejun Huang, Ailing Zhang, Imran Khan, Haidong Yan, Xiaoshan Wang, Xinquan Zhang, Jian Zhang, Linkai Huang. Transcriptome analysis of heat stress and drought stress in pearl millet based on Pacbio full-length transcriptome sequencing. BMC Plant Biology. 2020; 20 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Sun; Dejun Huang; Ailing Zhang; Imran Khan; Haidong Yan; Xiaoshan Wang; Xinquan Zhang; Jian Zhang; Linkai Huang. 2020. "Transcriptome analysis of heat stress and drought stress in pearl millet based on Pacbio full-length transcriptome sequencing." BMC Plant Biology 20, no. 1: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2020 in Plants
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Salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits crop production, especially under rainfed conditions. Selenium (Se), as an important micronutrient, plays a vital role in mitigating detrimental effects of different abiotic stresses. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of Se fertilization on black gram (Vigna mungo) under salt stress. Our results showed that salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in leaves significantly induced oxidative damage and caused a decline in relative water content, chlorophyll (Chl), stomatal conductance (gs), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), sucrose, and reducing sugars. A low dose of Se (1.5 ppm) significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide content, malondialdehyde formation, cell membrane damage, and also improved antioxidative enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase under salt stress. Se-treated plants exhibited higher Chl, gs, Fv/Fm, sucrose, and reducing sugars than untreated plants in response to salt stress. In addition, Se application enhanced Se uptake and reduced Na+ uptake, but Cl− remained unaffected. Our results indicated that a low dose of Se effectively alleviated salt damage via inhibition of Na+ uptake and enhanced antioxidant defense resulting in a significant decrease in oxidative damage, and maintained gaseous exchange and PS II function for sucrose and reducing sugars accumulation in black gram.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Imran Khan; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Muhammad Ansar; Samrah Afzal Awan; Nanak Khan; Nasir Iqbal; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency. Plants 2020, 9, 467 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Imran Khan, Tehseen Ahmad Meraj, Mukhtar Ahmed, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Muhammad Ansar, Samrah Afzal Awan, Nanak Khan, Nasir Iqbal, Yan Peng, Zhou Li. Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency. Plants. 2020; 9 (4):467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Imran Khan; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Muhammad Ansar; Samrah Afzal Awan; Nanak Khan; Nasir Iqbal; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. 2020. "Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency." Plants 9, no. 4: 467.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPKs) is a key player in the calcium signaling pathway to decode calcium signals into various physiological responses. cDNA sequences of 9 ZmCPK genes were successfully cloned from all four phylogenetic groups in maize. qRT-PCR analysis showed the expression variation of these selected genes under abscisic acid (ABA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment. Due to the presence of N-myristoylation/palmitoylation sites, the selected ZmCPK members were localized in a plasma membrane. To clarify whether ZmCPK, a key player in calcium signaling, interacts with key players of ABA, protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) and the SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in maize, we examined the interaction between 9 CPKs, 8 PP2Cs, 5 SnRKs, and 20 members of the MPK family in maize by using yeast two-hybrid assay. Our results showed that three ZmCPKs interact with three different members of ZmSnRKs while four ZmCPK members had a positive interaction with 13 members of ZmMPKs in different combinations. These four ZmCPK proteins are from three different groups in maize. These findings of physical interactions between ZmCPKs, ZmSnRKs, and ZmMPKs suggested that these signaling pathways do not only have indirect influence but also have direct crosstalk that may involve the defense mechanism in maize. The present study may improve the understanding of signal transduction in plants.

ACS Style

Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Muhammad Ali Raza; Hao Qiang Yu; Imran Khan; Fu Ai Sun; Ling Yang Feng; Jing Tao Qu; Feng Ling Fu; Wan Chen Li. Expression, Subcellular Localization, and Interactions of CPK Family Genes in Maize. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 6173 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid, Muhammad Ali Raza, Hao Qiang Yu, Imran Khan, Fu Ai Sun, Ling Yang Feng, Jing Tao Qu, Feng Ling Fu, Wan Chen Li. Expression, Subcellular Localization, and Interactions of CPK Family Genes in Maize. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (24):6173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Muhammad Ali Raza; Hao Qiang Yu; Imran Khan; Fu Ai Sun; Ling Yang Feng; Jing Tao Qu; Feng Ling Fu; Wan Chen Li. 2019. "Expression, Subcellular Localization, and Interactions of CPK Family Genes in Maize." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6173.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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: A rapid and continuous growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via their precursor “silver nitrate” (AgNO3) has increased their environmental risk because of their unsafe discharge into the surrounding environment. Both have damaging effects on plants and induce oxidative stress. In the present study, differential responses in the morpho-physiological and biochemical profiles of P. glaucum (L.) seedlings exposed to various doses of AgNPs and AgNO3 were studied. Both have forms of Ag accelerated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which adversely affected the membrane stability as a result of their enhanced accumulation, and resulted in a significant reduction in growth, that is, root length, shoot length, fresh and dry biomass, and relative water content. AgNO3 possessed a higher degree of toxicity owing to its higher accumulation than AgNPs, and induced changes in the antioxidants’ enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as proline content, total phenolic, and total flavonoids contents (TFCs) under all tested treatments (mM). A decline in photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content and alterations in quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photochemical (qP), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) indicated the blockage of the electron transport chain (ETC), which led to a significant inhibition of photosynthesis. Interestingly, seedlings exposed to AgNPs showed less damaging effects on P. glaucum (L.) seedlings, resulting in relatively lower oxidative stress in contrast to AgNO3. Our results revealed that AgNO3 and AgNPs possessed differential phytotoxic effects on P. glaucum (L.) seedlings, including their mechanism of uptake, translocation, and action. The present findings may be useful in phytotoxic research to design strategies that minimize the adverse effects of AgNPs and AgNO3 on crops, especially in the agriculture sector.

ACS Style

Imran Khan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Samrah Afzal Awan; Naveed Iqbal Raja; Xinquan Zhang; Sun Min; Bing Chao Wu; Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Linkai Huang. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Seedlings Exposed to Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2261 .

AMA Style

Imran Khan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid, Samrah Afzal Awan, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Xinquan Zhang, Sun Min, Bing Chao Wu, Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Linkai Huang. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Seedlings Exposed to Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (13):2261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imran Khan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Samrah Afzal Awan; Naveed Iqbal Raja; Xinquan Zhang; Sun Min; Bing Chao Wu; Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Linkai Huang. 2019. "Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Seedlings Exposed to Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2261.