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Persistent high temperature decreases the yield and quality of crops, including many important herbs. White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herb with high feeding and medicinal value, but is sensitive to temperatures above 30 °C. The present study was conducted to elucidate the impact of changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by exogenous GABA pretreatment on heat tolerance of white clover, associated with alterations in endogenous hormones, antioxidant metabolism, and aquaporin-related gene expression in root and leaf of white clover plants under high-temperature stress. Our results reveal that improvement in endogenous GABA level in leaf and root by GABA pretreatment could significantly alleviate the damage to white clover during high-temperature stress, as demonstrated by enhancements in cell membrane stability, photosynthetic capacity, and osmotic adjustment ability, as well as lower oxidative damage and chlorophyll loss. The GABA significantly enhanced gene expression and enzyme activities involved in antioxidant defense, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and key enzymes of the ascorbic acid–glutathione cycle, thus reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative injury to membrane lipids and proteins. The GABA also increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid content in roots and leaves and cytokinin content in leaves, associated with growth maintenance and reduced leaf senescence under heat stress. The GABA significantly upregulated the expression of PIP1-1 and PIP2-7 in leaves and the TIP2-1 expression in leaves and roots under high temperature, and also alleviated the heat-induced inhibition of PIP1-1, PIP2-2, TIP2-2, and NIP1-2 expression in roots, which could help to improve the water transportation and homeostasis from roots to leaves. In addition, the GABA-induced aquaporins expression and decline in endogenous abscisic acid level could improve the heat dissipation capacity through maintaining higher stomatal opening and transpiration in white clovers under high-temperature stress.
Hongyin Qi; Dingfan Kang; Weihang Zeng; Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Yan Peng; Xinquan Zhang; Yan Zhang; Guangyan Feng; Zhou Li. Alterations of Endogenous Hormones, Antioxidant Metabolism, and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Relation to γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Regulated Thermotolerance in White Clover. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1099 .
AMA StyleHongyin Qi, Dingfan Kang, Weihang Zeng, Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Yan Peng, Xinquan Zhang, Yan Zhang, Guangyan Feng, Zhou Li. Alterations of Endogenous Hormones, Antioxidant Metabolism, and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Relation to γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Regulated Thermotolerance in White Clover. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (7):1099.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongyin Qi; Dingfan Kang; Weihang Zeng; Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Yan Peng; Xinquan Zhang; Yan Zhang; Guangyan Feng; Zhou Li. 2021. "Alterations of Endogenous Hormones, Antioxidant Metabolism, and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Relation to γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Regulated Thermotolerance in White Clover." Antioxidants 10, no. 7: 1099.
Heavy metal stress is a leading environmental issue reducing crop growth and productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid agro-ecological zones. Cadmium (Cd), a non-redox heavy metal, can indirectly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cell death. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 µM) on physiological and biochemical parameters in two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars: JS-2002 and Chakwal Sorghum. The results showed that various concentrations of Cd significantly increased the Cd uptake in both cultivars; however, the uptake was higher in JS-2002 compared to Chakwal Sorghum in leaf, stem and root. Regardless of the cultivars, there was a higher accumulation of the Cd in roots than in shoots. The Cd stress significantly reduced the growth and increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both cultivars, but the Chakwal Sorghum showed more pronounced oxidative damage than the JS-2002, as reflected by higher H2O2, MDA and EL. Moreover, Cd stress, particularly 50 µM and 100 µM, decreased the activity of different antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). However, the JS-2002 exhibited higher SOD, POD and CAT activities than the Chakwal Sorghum under different Cd-levels. These findings revealed that JS-2002 had a stronger Cd enrichment capacity and also exhibited a better tolerance to Cd stress due to its efficient antioxidant defense system than Chakwal Sorghum. The present study provides the available information about Cd enrichment and tolerance in S. bicolor, which is used as an important agricultural crop for livestock feed in arid and semi-arid regions.
Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Sana Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ansar; Harun Gitari; Imran Khan; Muhammad Wajid; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars. Plants 2020, 9, 1575 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Jawad Hassan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Sana Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ansar, Harun Gitari, Imran Khan, Muhammad Wajid, Mukhtar Ahmed, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Yan Peng, Zhou Li. Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Sana Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ansar; Harun Gitari; Imran Khan; Muhammad Wajid; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. 2020. "Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars." Plants 9, no. 11: 1575.
Salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits crop production, especially under rainfed conditions. Selenium (Se), as an important micronutrient, plays a vital role in mitigating detrimental effects of different abiotic stresses. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of Se fertilization on black gram (Vigna mungo) under salt stress. Our results showed that salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in leaves significantly induced oxidative damage and caused a decline in relative water content, chlorophyll (Chl), stomatal conductance (gs), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), sucrose, and reducing sugars. A low dose of Se (1.5 ppm) significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide content, malondialdehyde formation, cell membrane damage, and also improved antioxidative enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase under salt stress. Se-treated plants exhibited higher Chl, gs, Fv/Fm, sucrose, and reducing sugars than untreated plants in response to salt stress. In addition, Se application enhanced Se uptake and reduced Na+ uptake, but Cl− remained unaffected. Our results indicated that a low dose of Se effectively alleviated salt damage via inhibition of Na+ uptake and enhanced antioxidant defense resulting in a significant decrease in oxidative damage, and maintained gaseous exchange and PS II function for sucrose and reducing sugars accumulation in black gram.
Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Imran Khan; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Muhammad Ansar; Samrah Afzal Awan; Nanak Khan; Nasir Iqbal; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency. Plants 2020, 9, 467 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Jawad Hassan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Imran Khan, Tehseen Ahmad Meraj, Mukhtar Ahmed, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Muhammad Ansar, Samrah Afzal Awan, Nanak Khan, Nasir Iqbal, Yan Peng, Zhou Li. Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency. Plants. 2020; 9 (4):467.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Imran Khan; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Muhammad Ansar; Samrah Afzal Awan; Nanak Khan; Nasir Iqbal; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. 2020. "Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency." Plants 9, no. 4: 467.