This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
One of the main purposes of Ecohydraulics is to predict the effects of riparian vegetation on aquatic ecosystems within real water channels. The interaction between water flow and riparian plants significantly affects flow dynamics, hydraulic conveyance, and water quality of vegetated water bodies. This study aimed at quantifying analytically the uncertainty in flow average velocity estimations associated with the uncertainty of Leaf Area Index (LAI) of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel covering a vegetated channel. The impacts of this species on the hydrodynamics of vegetated streams are far to be completely understood. The uncertainty in flow average velocity was assessed through the first-order second-moment statistical method, by comparing direct and indirect LAI measurements of mature Phragmites australis plants. Indirect LAI values were obtained using the LICOR® LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer device. The results of this study suggest that the uncertainties in flow average velocity estimations are comparable to those associated with experimental measurements of streamwise velocity components retrieved in real vegetated flows fully covered by mature Phragmites australis plants.
G. F. C. Lama; A. Errico; V. Pasquino; S. Mirzaei; F. Preti; G. B. Chirico. Velocity uncertainty quantification based on Riparian vegetation indices in open channels colonized by Phragmites australis. Journal of Ecohydraulics 2021, 1 -6.
AMA StyleG. F. C. Lama, A. Errico, V. Pasquino, S. Mirzaei, F. Preti, G. B. Chirico. Velocity uncertainty quantification based on Riparian vegetation indices in open channels colonized by Phragmites australis. Journal of Ecohydraulics. 2021; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. F. C. Lama; A. Errico; V. Pasquino; S. Mirzaei; F. Preti; G. B. Chirico. 2021. "Velocity uncertainty quantification based on Riparian vegetation indices in open channels colonized by Phragmites australis." Journal of Ecohydraulics , no. : 1-6.
This study presents a methodology for improving the efficiency of Baptist and Stone and Shen models in predicting the global water flow resistance of a reclamation channel partly vegetated by rigid and emergent riparian plants. The results of the two resistance models are compared with the measurements collected during an experimental campaign conducted in a reclamation channel colonized by Common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.). Experimental vegetative Chézy’s flow resistance coefficients have been retrieved from the analysis of instantaneous flow velocity measurements, acquired by means of a downlooking 3-component acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) located at the channel upstream cross section, and by water level measurements obtained through four piezometers distributed along the reclamation channel. The main morphometrical vegetation features (i.e., stem diameters and heights, and bed surface density) have been measured at six cross sections of the vegetated reclamation channel. Following the theoretical assumptions of the divided channel method (DCM), three sub-sections have been delineated in the reference cross section to represent the impact of the partial vegetation cover on the cross sectional variability of the flow field, as observed with the ADV measurements. The global vegetative Chézy’s flow resistance coefficients have been then computed by combining each resistance model with four different composite cross section methods, respectively suggested by Colebatch, Horton, Pavlovskii, and Yen. The comparative analysis between the modeled and the experimental vegetative Chézy’s coefficients has been performed by computing the relative prediction error (εr, expressed in %) under two flow rate regimes. Stone and Shen model combined with the Horton composite cross section method provides vegetative Chézy’s coefficients with the lowest εr.
Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama; Alessandro Errico; Simona Francalanci; Luca Solari; Federico Preti; Giovanni Battista Chirico. Evaluation of Flow Resistance Models Based on Field Experiments in a Partly Vegetated Reclamation Channel. Geosciences 2020, 10, 47 .
AMA StyleGiuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama, Alessandro Errico, Simona Francalanci, Luca Solari, Federico Preti, Giovanni Battista Chirico. Evaluation of Flow Resistance Models Based on Field Experiments in a Partly Vegetated Reclamation Channel. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (2):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama; Alessandro Errico; Simona Francalanci; Luca Solari; Federico Preti; Giovanni Battista Chirico. 2020. "Evaluation of Flow Resistance Models Based on Field Experiments in a Partly Vegetated Reclamation Channel." Geosciences 10, no. 2: 47.
Drainage channels are a widespread component of agricultural and urbanized lowland landscapes. Management of instream and riparian vegetation along drainage channels must be planned by reconciling the need to ensure channel hydraulic efficiency with the need to preserve the riparian habitat. The present paper reports the experimental results of a study conducted on a drainage channel colonized by Phragmites australis in undisturbed natural conditions. The impacts of common reed on flow resistance, flow velocity distribution and turbulence parameters were examined with different discharges under three different scenarios of channel vegetation, which were obtained by means of machineries traditionally used in land reclamation areas. Removing either totally or partially the channel vegetation had great effects on streamwise velocity distribution and turbulence patterns, with small differences in global flow resistance. The experimental results suggest that clearing the channel vegetation just in the center of the cross section can improve the channel conveyance to values close to those obtained with the total removal of the vegetation, while maintaining relatively high levels of turbulent intensities.
Alessandro Errico; Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama; Simona Francalanci; Giovanni Battista Chirico; Luca Solari; Federico Preti. Flow dynamics and turbulence patterns in a drainage channel colonized by common reed (Phragmites australis) under different scenarios of vegetation management. Ecological Engineering 2019, 133, 39 -52.
AMA StyleAlessandro Errico, Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama, Simona Francalanci, Giovanni Battista Chirico, Luca Solari, Federico Preti. Flow dynamics and turbulence patterns in a drainage channel colonized by common reed (Phragmites australis) under different scenarios of vegetation management. Ecological Engineering. 2019; 133 ():39-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Errico; Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama; Simona Francalanci; Giovanni Battista Chirico; Luca Solari; Federico Preti. 2019. "Flow dynamics and turbulence patterns in a drainage channel colonized by common reed (Phragmites australis) under different scenarios of vegetation management." Ecological Engineering 133, no. : 39-52.
Italian dry-stone wall terracing represents one of the most iconic features of agricultural landscapes across Europe, with sites listed among UNESCO World Heritage Sites and FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). The analysis of microclimate modifications induced by alterations of hillslope and by dry-stone walls is of particular interest for the valuation of benefits and drawbacks of terraces cultivation, a global land management technique. The aim of this paper is to perform a thermal characterization of a dry-stone wall terraced vineyard in the Chianti area (Tuscany, Italy), to detect possible microclimate dynamics induced by dry-stone terracing. The aerial surveys were carried out by using two sensors, in the Visible (VIS) and Thermal InfraRed (TIR) spectral range, mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), with two different flights. Our results reveal that, in the morning, vineyard rows close to dry-stone walls have statistically lower temperatures with respect to the external ones. In the afternoon, due to solar insulation, temperatures raised to the same value for each row. The results of this early study, jointly with the latest developments in UAV and sensor technologies, justify and encourage further analyses on local climatic modifications in terraced landscapes.
Grazia Tucci; Erica Isabella Parisi; Giulio Castelli; Alessandro Errico; Manuela Corongiu; Giovanna Sona; Enea Viviani; Elena Bresci; Federico Preti. Multi-Sensor UAV Application for Thermal Analysis on a Dry-Stone Terraced Vineyard in Rural Tuscany Landscape. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 87 .
AMA StyleGrazia Tucci, Erica Isabella Parisi, Giulio Castelli, Alessandro Errico, Manuela Corongiu, Giovanna Sona, Enea Viviani, Elena Bresci, Federico Preti. Multi-Sensor UAV Application for Thermal Analysis on a Dry-Stone Terraced Vineyard in Rural Tuscany Landscape. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (2):87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrazia Tucci; Erica Isabella Parisi; Giulio Castelli; Alessandro Errico; Manuela Corongiu; Giovanna Sona; Enea Viviani; Elena Bresci; Federico Preti. 2019. "Multi-Sensor UAV Application for Thermal Analysis on a Dry-Stone Terraced Vineyard in Rural Tuscany Landscape." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 2: 87.
During 25 October 2011, an extremely intense rainfall event occurred in Eastern Liguria and Northern Tuscany. Severe damages were registered in the Monterosso and Vernazza basins, located in the famous area of Cinque Terre, which have been affected by hundreds of landslides, mud flows, and erosions. The main feature of the Cinque Terre landscape is the presence of terraced cultivations on steep slopes facing the sea. The area represents a remarkable cultural landscape, is a National Park, and is included in the World Heritage List of the UNESCO. This work aims to analyze the effect of abandoned terraced land on hydrogeological risks and in landslide prevention, by comparing what happened in Cinque Terre to other experiences presented in scientific literature. The cessation of maintenance of dry stone terraces due to the crisis of traditional agriculture was identified as the main cause of failure during the heavy rainfall event. However, we found some contrasting and, in some cases, unexpected results in the literature regarding the effects of the vegetation that develops on abandoned terraces. This paper compares different results in order to better understand what the future of terraced landscapes is and which are the best management strategies for such complex and fragile territories. In particular, where they represent a cultural heritage and a resource for the rural economy.
Mauro Agnoletti; Alessandro Errico; Antonio Santoro; Andrea Dani; Federico Preti. Terraced Landscapes and Hydrogeological Risk. Effects of Land Abandonment in Cinque Terre (Italy) during Severe Rainfall Events. Sustainability 2019, 11, 235 .
AMA StyleMauro Agnoletti, Alessandro Errico, Antonio Santoro, Andrea Dani, Federico Preti. Terraced Landscapes and Hydrogeological Risk. Effects of Land Abandonment in Cinque Terre (Italy) during Severe Rainfall Events. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (1):235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro Agnoletti; Alessandro Errico; Antonio Santoro; Andrea Dani; Federico Preti. 2019. "Terraced Landscapes and Hydrogeological Risk. Effects of Land Abandonment in Cinque Terre (Italy) during Severe Rainfall Events." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 235.
Dry-stone wall agricultural terraces are widespread all over the world, and represent an effective retaining structure for farming purposes. However, dry-stone walls can be subjected to degradation and damages, with complex and expensive maintenance. Such high costs are the most relevant drivers of land abandonment in many agricultural areas of Europe and of other continents, resulting in a progressive loss of cultivable surface, cultural heritages and landscape traditional elements. Therefore, a more effective and efficient management of these systems is needed. As a contribution, in the present paper an innovative modelling approach system is proposed. The presented model is able to describe hydrological processes on a terraced slope, and to analyze the destabilizing pressures acting on the retaining dry-stone walls in the most critical portion of each terrace. The model structure is based on the results of multidisciplinary field monitoring campaigns on water circulation in terraced landscapes carried out on a terraced vineyard (Lamole, Tuscany, Italy). A monitoring station was set up on a recently reconstructed dry-stone wall, to measure the parameters influencing the pressures acting on the retaining structure. The results show a good capability of the model to predict the distribution and intensity of stresses on the instrumented dry-stone wall over time ad space. Such stresses were related to the earth pressure and to hydrostatic pressures (water accumulation), without the occurrence of soil saturation. Detecting the most failure-prone portions of a terraced system, this approach can support landowners and land planners in manage these complex and fragile environments.
Federico Preti; Alessandro Errico; Marco Caruso; Andrea Dani; Enrico Guastini. Dry-stone wall terrace monitoring and modelling. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 1806 -1818.
AMA StyleFederico Preti, Alessandro Errico, Marco Caruso, Andrea Dani, Enrico Guastini. Dry-stone wall terrace monitoring and modelling. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (6):1806-1818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Preti; Alessandro Errico; Marco Caruso; Andrea Dani; Enrico Guastini. 2018. "Dry-stone wall terrace monitoring and modelling." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 6: 1806-1818.
Agricultural terraces are often subject to degradation issues related to water movement. A better understanding of the main hydrological processes that govern surface and subsurface water flow pathways and that are responsible for terrace failure and dry-stone wall collapse is essential for appropriate water resource management and rural landscape maintenance in terraced areas. However, a clear conceptualization of different hydrological functioning related to wall instability issues is still missing. In this study, we monitored a terrace system in a hilly site of central Italy cultivated with vineyards. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach based on soil analysis, different geophysical techniques, hydrological monitoring, high-resolution grid terrain analysis and field experiments (infiltration and flooding tests) aiming to: (i) obtain new information of terrace soil and subsoil structure; (ii) test the hypothesis on wall instability based on the formation of preferential flow and water accumulation behind the wall; and (iii) develop a conceptual model of water circulation in agricultural terraces. Our results indicate that terrace soil was highly heterogeneous, including discontinuities and piping systems that facilitated a rapid infiltration and the development of fast subsurface flow. Groundwater rise did not occur, as observed in other terraced sites, but infiltrated water accumulated behind dry-stone walls, increasing pore water pressure and inducing wall bulging and instability. Our findings provided new field evidences of water circulation and led to the definition of a novel paradigm of hydrological functioning of farming terraced systems for addressing more efficient management and maintenance issues in these vulnerable landscapes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Federico Preti; Enrico Guastini; Daniele Penna; Andrea Dani; Giorgio Cassiani; Jacopo Boaga; Rita Deiana; Nunzio Romano; Paolo Nasta; Mario Palladino; Alessandro Errico; Yamuna Giambastiani; Paolo Trucchi; Paolo Tarolli. Conceptualization of Water Flow Pathways in Agricultural Terraced Landscapes. Land Degradation & Development 2017, 29, 651 -662.
AMA StyleFederico Preti, Enrico Guastini, Daniele Penna, Andrea Dani, Giorgio Cassiani, Jacopo Boaga, Rita Deiana, Nunzio Romano, Paolo Nasta, Mario Palladino, Alessandro Errico, Yamuna Giambastiani, Paolo Trucchi, Paolo Tarolli. Conceptualization of Water Flow Pathways in Agricultural Terraced Landscapes. Land Degradation & Development. 2017; 29 (3):651-662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Preti; Enrico Guastini; Daniele Penna; Andrea Dani; Giorgio Cassiani; Jacopo Boaga; Rita Deiana; Nunzio Romano; Paolo Nasta; Mario Palladino; Alessandro Errico; Yamuna Giambastiani; Paolo Trucchi; Paolo Tarolli. 2017. "Conceptualization of Water Flow Pathways in Agricultural Terraced Landscapes." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 3: 651-662.