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Xin Liao
MOE Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

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Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Greenhouse gas emission has been a serious problem for decades. Due to the high energy consumption of traditional construction and building materials, recycled aggregate and other environmentally-friendly materials or recycled materials have been researched and applied. The treatment and reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a good way to reasonably distribute the renewable resources in the urban city. The recycled aggregate can be used in road engineering, geotechnical engineering and structural engineering. The combined use of natural aggregate and recycled aggregate may possess better performance in real constructions. This paper investigates the mechanical performance, micro-mechanism and CO2 footprint assessment of NAM (natural aggregate mortar) and RAM (recycled aggregate mortar). Compressive strength test, flexural strength test, XRD and SEM, and CO2 emission evaluation were conducted and analyzed. The results indicate that NAM depicts better compressive strength performance and RAM has higher flexural strength. The XRD and SEM patterns illustrate that the ettringite and C-S-H are the most important role in shrinkage-compensating mechanism, which is more obvious in RAM specimens. The proportion of CaO and MgO hydrated into Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 is also a key point of the volume expansion through the curing period. Finally, the CO2 emission of NA is higher than RA per unit. This indicates that utilizing recycled aggregate over other conventional resources will reduce the energy consumption, and hit the mark to be environmental-friendly.

ACS Style

Junfang Sun; Ji Chen; Xin Liao; Angran Tian; Jinxu Hao; Yuchen Wang; Qiang Tang. The Workability and Crack Resistance of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Mortar Based on Expansion Agent through an Environmental Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 491 .

AMA Style

Junfang Sun, Ji Chen, Xin Liao, Angran Tian, Jinxu Hao, Yuchen Wang, Qiang Tang. The Workability and Crack Resistance of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Mortar Based on Expansion Agent through an Environmental Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):491.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junfang Sun; Ji Chen; Xin Liao; Angran Tian; Jinxu Hao; Yuchen Wang; Qiang Tang. 2021. "The Workability and Crack Resistance of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Mortar Based on Expansion Agent through an Environmental Study." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 491.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2020 in Materials
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Black shale, which usually contains pyrite, is easily oxidized and generates acid discharge. This acidic environment is not favorable for concrete in engineering applications and is likely to affect the durability of engineering structures. This study investigated the effect of acid discharge from the weathering of black shale on the strength of concrete under partially immersed conditions. Black shale concrete immersion tests were conducted at different immersion depths to evaluate the oxidation conduction of black shale. Water chemistry and oxidation products were monitored during and after the immersion tests. The quality and strength of the black shale and concrete specimens were obtained before and after the immersion by testing the ultrasonic wave velocity and uniaxial compressive strength. The results indicated that a lower immersion depth of black shale reveals a higher degree of oxidation, and the capillary zone in black shale is critical for black shale oxidation in terms of mass transfer. The ultrasonic velocity of the concrete showed different change patterns in the immersed and non-immersed zones. Precipitation and additional hydration enhanced the quality and entirety of the concrete (increased ultrasonic velocity) at the non-immersed or partially-immersed zones, while the dissolution of concrete was dominant in the immersed zone (decreased ultrasonic velocity) and induced a reduction of concrete quality. The compressive strength of the concrete was enhanced after immersion. The concrete strength slightly increased by 5–15%. This phenomenon is attributed to the filling of the voids by the precipitations of minerals, such as goethite and anhydrite.

ACS Style

Xin Liao; Wenda Zhang; Jiannan Chen; Qingfeng Wang; Xiyong Wu; Sixiang Ling; Deping Guo. Deterioration and Oxidation Characteristics of Black Shale under Immersion and Its Impact on the Strength of Concrete. Materials 2020, 13, 2515 .

AMA Style

Xin Liao, Wenda Zhang, Jiannan Chen, Qingfeng Wang, Xiyong Wu, Sixiang Ling, Deping Guo. Deterioration and Oxidation Characteristics of Black Shale under Immersion and Its Impact on the Strength of Concrete. Materials. 2020; 13 (11):2515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Liao; Wenda Zhang; Jiannan Chen; Qingfeng Wang; Xiyong Wu; Sixiang Ling; Deping Guo. 2020. "Deterioration and Oxidation Characteristics of Black Shale under Immersion and Its Impact on the Strength of Concrete." Materials 13, no. 11: 2515.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Abundant geothermal waters have been reported in the Yalabamei, Zhonggu, Erdaoqiao, and Yulingong geothermal areas of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone of western Sichuan, southwestern China. This study focused on the hydrogeochemical evolution, reservoir temperature, and recharge origin of geothermal waters using hydrochemical and deuterium-oxygen (D-O) isotopic studies. Shallow geothermal waters represented by geothermal springs and shallow drilled water wells are divided into two hydrochemical groups: (1) the Ca–Na–HCO3 type in the Erdaoqiao area, and (2) Na–HCO3 in other areas. Deep geothermal waters represented by deep drilled wells are characterized by the Na–Cl–HCO3 type. The major ionic compositions of geothermal water are primarily determined by the water–rock interaction with silicate and carbonate minerals. The reservoir temperatures estimated by multi-geothermometries have a range of 63–150 °C for shallow geothermal water and of 190–210 °C for deep geothermal water, respectively. The δ18O and δD compositions indicated geothermal waters are recharged by meteoric water from the elevation of 2923–5162 m. Based on the aforementioned analyses above, a conceptual model was constructed for the geothermal system in the Xianshuihe fault zone.

ACS Style

Xiao Li; Xun Huang; Xin Liao; Yunhui Zhang. Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 500 .

AMA Style

Xiao Li, Xun Huang, Xin Liao, Yunhui Zhang. Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao Li; Xun Huang; Xin Liao; Yunhui Zhang. 2020. "Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 500.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A nationwide investigation was carried out to evaluate the geochemical characteristics and environmental impacts of red mud and leachates from the major alumina plants in China. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of red mud were investigated, and major, minor, and trace elements in the leachates were analyzed. The mineral and chemical compositions of red mud vary over refining processes (i.e., Bayer, sintering, and combined methods) and parental bauxites. The main minerals in the red mud are quartz, calcite, dolomite, hematite, hibschite, sodalite, anhydrite, cancrinite, and gibbsite. The major chemical compositions of red mud are Al, Fe, Si, Ca, Ti, and hydroxides. The associated red mud leachate is hyperalkaline (pH > 12), which can be toxic to aquatic life. The concentrations of Al, Cl−, F−, Na, NO32−, and SO42− in the leachate exceed the recommended groundwater quality standard of China by up to 6637 times. These ions are likely to increase the salinization of the soil and groundwater. The minor elements in red mud leachate include As, B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ti, V, and Zn, and the trace elements in red mud leachate include Ag, Be, Cd, Co, Hg, Li, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, and Tl. Some of these elements have the concentration up to 272 times higher than those of the groundwater quality standard and are toxic to the environment and human health. Therefore, scientific guidance is needed for red mud management, especially for the design of the containment system of the facilities.

ACS Style

Chunwei Sun; Jiannan Chen; Kuo Tian; Daoping Peng; Xin Liao; Xiyong Wu. Geochemical Characteristics and Toxic Elements in Alumina Refining Wastes and Leachates from Management Facilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1297 .

AMA Style

Chunwei Sun, Jiannan Chen, Kuo Tian, Daoping Peng, Xin Liao, Xiyong Wu. Geochemical Characteristics and Toxic Elements in Alumina Refining Wastes and Leachates from Management Facilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (7):1297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunwei Sun; Jiannan Chen; Kuo Tian; Daoping Peng; Xin Liao; Xiyong Wu. 2019. "Geochemical Characteristics and Toxic Elements in Alumina Refining Wastes and Leachates from Management Facilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7: 1297.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Geochemical Exploration
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This work aimed to evaluate the evolution of pore networks and clay mineral in black shale weathering systems in Chongqing, China. The pore-size distributions, relationships between fractal dimensions and minerals, and clay mineral weathering pathways were evaluated for three weathering profiles, A, B, and C, which were characterized as weak, weak to moderate, and moderate to intense based on the Chemical Index of Alteration. It was found as the shale density decreased, the porosity and specific surface area increased with decreasing depth during weathering. The largest pore diameter peak in a pore-size distribution graph shifted further right as the degree of weathering increased. Micro-transition pores (1 μm) dominated the saprock and regolith zones. The surface fractal dimension of the micro-transition pores was positively correlated with the pyrite and carbonate content, but negatively correlated with secondary clay mineral content. By contrast, the surface fractal dimension of the macropores was negatively correlated with pyrite and carbonate content and positively correlated with secondary clay mineral content. These relationships indicate that micro-transition pores at the surface became smoother and macropores became rougher during weathering. Inherited micas, including illite, predominated the clay fractions along transects as weathering proceeded. The pedogenic minerals (i.e., smectite, vermiculite, kaolinite, and mixed-layer minerals) were minor components in the saprock and regolith zones. Smectite formation was likely due to direct transformation from mica or illite under strongly acidic conditions. A second possibility is transformation proceeded through mixed-layer mineral intermediates, i.e., mica-smectite/illite-smectite and mica-vermiculite/illite-vermiculite. The weathering of clay minerals in black shale from weak to intense weathering stages was mica/illite → mica-smectite/illite-smectite or mica-vermiculite/illite-vermiculite → “chlorite” (including vermiculite, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite?, and chlorite?) → smectite → kaolinite → gibbsite. This study revealed pore geometry evolution depends on transport-limited solutions that facilitate mineral breakdown and formation. The clay mineral weathering pathways were controlled by the weathering environment and duration.

ACS Style

Sixiang Ling; Xiyong Wu; Siyuan Zhao; Xin Liao. Evolution of porosity and clay mineralogy associated with chemical weathering of black shale: A case study of Lower Cambrian black shale in Chongqing, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2018, 188, 326 -339.

AMA Style

Sixiang Ling, Xiyong Wu, Siyuan Zhao, Xin Liao. Evolution of porosity and clay mineralogy associated with chemical weathering of black shale: A case study of Lower Cambrian black shale in Chongqing, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2018; 188 ():326-339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sixiang Ling; Xiyong Wu; Siyuan Zhao; Xin Liao. 2018. "Evolution of porosity and clay mineralogy associated with chemical weathering of black shale: A case study of Lower Cambrian black shale in Chongqing, China." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 188, no. : 326-339.