Background: Spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents the main cereal crop in Northern Kazakhstan. The quality of wheat grain and flour strongly depends on the structure of gluten, comprised of gliadin and glutenin proteins. Electrophoresis spectra of gliadins are not altered by environmental conditions or plant growth, are easily reproducible and very useful for wheat germplasm identification in addition to DNA markers. Genetic polymorphism of two Gli loci encoding gliadins can be used for selection of preferable genotypes of wheat with high grain quality. Methods: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyse genetic diversity of gliadins in a germplasm collection of spring bread wheat from Northern Kazakhstan. Results: The highest frequencies of gliadin alleles were found as follows, in Gli1: -A1f (39.3%), -B1e (71.9%), and -D1a (41.0%); and in Gli-2: -A2q (17.8%), -B2t (13.5%), and -D2q (20.4%). The combination of these alleles in a single genotype may be associated with higher quality of grain as well as better adaptation to the dry environment of Northern Kazakhstan; preferable for wheat breeding in locations with similar conditions.

Fungus T. inhamatum F6-2014 was isolated from the black soils of Northern Kazakhstan in stationary experiments with many years of using herbicides. The research was aimed at studying the biodegrading activity of T. inhamatum in relation to a herbicide with the glyphosate active ingredient in...

The composition and quantity of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits plays an important role in determining the bread-making quality of wheat. Molecular-genetic analysis of allelic composition of h

Background.Glutenin is a storage protein in wheat seeds, important for the quality of bread prepared from wheat. Studying glutenin polymorphism can help to identify valuable genotypes and promising new breeding lines for further crossings. The aim of this study was to identify subunits of glutenin and determine alleles at the Glu-1loci in the spring bread wheat germplasm collection.Materials and methods.A panel of 54 Russian and 76 Kazakh bread wheat germplasm accessions from various breeding centers was selected. Gliadin electrophoresis was carried out in a concentrating and separating polyacrylamide gel system following the Laemmli method. Glutenin subunits were identified according to the catalogue produced by Payne and Lawrence.Results and discussion.At the Glu-A1 locus, two alleles, band c, were identified, with different frequencies of occurrence among studied wheat accessions. The Glu-A1ballele occurred more frequently than Glu-A1сin the studied germplasm from all breeding centers. Meanwhile, six alleles, а, b, c, d, fand g, were found at theGlu-B1 locus. The most frequently occurring Glu-B1с allele encoded two subunits (7+9). The third homologous gene, Glu-D1, had only two identified alleles, aand d, with various frequencies among the studied wheat accessions. Wheat germplasm of various origin had specific combinations of glutenin subunits, providing different scores of grain quality. For example, the combination of glutenin subunits, 2*, 7+9 and 5+10, provided the highest score (= 9) of grain quality. A single change in the Glu-1subunit composition, 2*, 7+9 and 2+12, caused a reduction in grain quality (= 7 score); and the combination of Null, 7and 5+10 was accompanied by the lowest (= 6) grain quality. The analysis showed that two loci, Glu-A1 and Glu-B1, induced significant differences between wheat accessions originated from Tyumen and Chelyabinsk, while the accessions from Chelyabinsk and East Kazakhstan differed significantly at the Glu-A1and Glu-D1loci.