This paper investigates a severe microbiologically influenced failure in the elbows of a buried amine pipeline in a petrochemical plant. Pipelines can experience different corrosion mechanisms, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC, a form of biodeterioration initiated by microorganisms, can have a devastating impact on the reliability and lifetime of buried installations. This paper provides a systematic investigation of a severe MIC-related failure in a buried amine pipeline and includes a detailed microstructural analysis, corrosion products/biofilm analyses, and monitoring of the presence of causative microorganisms. Conclusions were drawn based on experimental data, obtained from visual observations, optical/electron microscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)/X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Additionally, monitoring the presence of causative microorganisms, especially sulfate-reducing bacteria which play the main role in corrosion, was performed. The results confirmed that the failure, in this case, is attributable to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which is a long-known key group of microorganisms when it comes to microbial corrosion.

This paper investigates the root cause of the formation of surface cracks on hot-rolled C–Mn constructional steel heavy plates. Cracks are rather evenly distributed over the surface in the form of colonies of cracks. Samples were cut from the heavy plate. The microstructure of samples in the as-cast and hot-rolled states were studied using optical and electron microscopes as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that cracks are heavily oxidized. De-carburized areas are also seen alongside cracks. The crack tip is in the form of a deer-horn, indicating that crack branching has taken place during deformation. The crack initiation sites are V-shaped grooves on the surface of as-cast slabs. Correlations between microstructures, processing parameters, and crack formation are discussed.

This paper aims to investigate the synthesis, structure, and optical properties of SiO₂@YAG:Ce core–shell optical nanoparticles for solid state lighting applications. YAG:Ce phosphor is a key part in white light emitting diodes (LEDs), with its main functionality being the generation of yellow light. Generated yellow light from phosphor will be combined with blue light, emitted from chip, resulting in the generation of white light. Generated light in LEDs will often be scattered by SiO₂ nanoparticles. SiO₂ nanoparticles are often distributed within the optical window, aiming for a more homogeneous light output. The main idea in this research is to combine these functionalities in one core–shell particle, with its core being SiO₂ and its shell being phosphor. In this study core–shell nanoparticles with different Ce³⁺ concentrations were synthesized by a sol–gel method. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis, high resolution transmission electron macroscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Luminescence characteristics of SiO₂@YAG:Ce core–shell particles were compared with that of SiO₂/YAG:Ce mixture composite, which is now used in commercial LEDs. Obtained results showed that core–shell nanoparticles have comparatively much better optical properties, compared to SiO₂/YAG:Ce mixture composite and can therefore be potentially used in LEDs.