Very low-grade and low-grade metamorphosed basement rocks from distinct inliers of the Africa-derived northwestern Dinarides (Medvednica Mts and Paleozoic Sana-Una Unit, respectively) have been studied with the multigrain step-heating ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar technique in order to compare and reveal their tectonothermal history. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages from detrital white mica of the very low-grade basement rocks of the Paleozoic Sana-Una Unit gave a Variscan age of ~335 Ma. The new age is in agreement with ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages from the very low-grade basement exposed at Petrova and Trgovska Gora of the NW Dinarides. Within low-grade metamorphic basement rocks from the Medvednica Mts, we found no Variscan ages. White mica from phyllitic basement rocks of the Medvednica Mts gives predominantly early Alpine ages ranging between 135 and 122 Ma and younger Alpine ages of ~80 Ma. The early Alpine ages of 135 and 122 Ma are interpreted as the date to the onset of ductile nappe stacking predating the formation of Gosau-type collapse basins. The late early Alpine event of ~80 Ma can be traced in the entire Cretaceous-aged orogen of the Circum- Pannonian Region and is synchronous with subsidence of the Gosau-type basins and opening and closure of the neighbouring Sava-Vardar Zone.

The Boqueirão granitic pegmatite, alias Alto da Cabeça pegmatite, is situated in Borborema Pegmatitic Province (BPP) in Northeast Brazil. This pegmatitic province hosts globally important reserves of tantalum and beryllium, as well as significant quantities of gemstones, including aquamarine, morganite, and the high-quality turquoise-blue “Paraíba Elbaite”. The studied lithium-cesium-tantalum Boqueirão granitic pegmatite intruded meta-conglomerates of the Equador Formation during the late Cambrian (502.1 ± 5.8 Ma; ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of muscovite). The pegmatite exhibits a typical zonal mineral pattern with four defined zones (Zone I: muscovite, tourmaline, albite, and quartz; Zone II: K-feldspar (microcline), quartz, and albite; Zone III: perthite crystals (blocky feldspar zone); Zone IV: massive quartz). Huge individual beryl, spodumene, tantalite, and cassiterite crystals are common as well. Microscopic examinations revealed that melt inclusions were entrapped simultaneously with fluid inclusions, suggesting the magmatic–hydrothermal transition. The magmatic–hydrothermal transition affected the evolution of the pegmatite, segregating volatile compounds (H₂O, CO₂, N₂) and elements that preferentially partition into a fluid phase from the viscous silicate melt. Fluid inclusion studies on microcline and associated quartz combined with microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy gave an insight into the P-T-X characteristics of entrapped fluids. The presence of spodumene without other LiAl(SiO₃)₂ polymorphs and constructed fluid inclusion isochores limited the magmatic–hydrothermal transition at the gem-bearing Boqueirão granitic pegmatite to the temperature range between 300 and 415 °C at a pressure from 1.8 to 3 kbar.

The level of innovativeness within the higher education systems of east and southeast Europe and their graduates is still assessed as modest or moderate. Besides the general socio–economic context and the inherited institutional management types, this deficiency stems from a lack of generic skills crucial for increasing the innovation capacity of the universities. TrainESEE v.2 project suggests that significant changes should be already put in place within the applied teaching methodology, but also highlights the importance of developing project development and management skills, innovation, entrepreneurial skills, and finally competences needed to strengthen science to business cooperation.

This article presents a methodology applied to the design of a tailor-made program for teaching staff that addresses the needs of high-level educational institutions in the Eastern and South-Eastern European (ESEE) region. The tailor-made program was implemented as a one-week online course for 22 “Trainees” from six ESEE universities earlier in 2021. “Trainees” from six participating universities are currently developing acceleration programs, planned to occur continuously until 2024, increasing the percentage of the trained academic staff to >50% at each of the six universities. During that period, 240 students will benefit from 140 improved RawMaterials-related courses, improving their learning and understanding.