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Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment and a source of multiple bioactive metabolites with valuable health benefits. Among these, phlorotannins have been widely recognized for their promising bioactive properties. The potential antitumor capacity of Fucus vesiculosus-derived phlorotannins remains, however, poorly explored, especially in gastrointestinal tract-related tumors. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic properties and possible mechanisms by which F. vesiculosus crude extract (CRD), phlorotannin-rich extract (EtOAc), and further phlorotannin-purified fractions (F1–F9) trigger cell death on different tumor cell lines of the gastrointestinal tract, using flow cytometry. The results indicate that F. vesiculosus samples exert specific cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines without affecting the viability of normal cells. Moreover, it was found that, among the nine different phlorotannin fractions tested, F5 was the most active against both Caco-2 colorectal and MKN-28 gastric cancer cells, inducing death via activation of both apoptosis and necrosis. The UHPLC-MS analysis of this fraction revealed, among others, the presence of a compound tentatively identified as eckstolonol and another as fucofurodiphlorethol, which could be mainly responsible for the promising cytotoxic effects observed in this sample. Overall, the results herein reported contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the antitumor properties of F. vesiculosus phlorotannin-rich extracts.
Marcelo Catarino; Iva Fernandes; Hélder Oliveira; Mylene Carrascal; Rita Ferreira; Artur Silva; Maria Cruz; Nuno Mateus; Susana Cardoso. Antitumor Activity of Fucus vesiculosus-Derived Phlorotannins through Activation of Apoptotic Signals in Gastric and Colorectal Tumor Cell Lines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 7604 .
AMA StyleMarcelo Catarino, Iva Fernandes, Hélder Oliveira, Mylene Carrascal, Rita Ferreira, Artur Silva, Maria Cruz, Nuno Mateus, Susana Cardoso. Antitumor Activity of Fucus vesiculosus-Derived Phlorotannins through Activation of Apoptotic Signals in Gastric and Colorectal Tumor Cell Lines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (14):7604.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelo Catarino; Iva Fernandes; Hélder Oliveira; Mylene Carrascal; Rita Ferreira; Artur Silva; Maria Cruz; Nuno Mateus; Susana Cardoso. 2021. "Antitumor Activity of Fucus vesiculosus-Derived Phlorotannins through Activation of Apoptotic Signals in Gastric and Colorectal Tumor Cell Lines." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14: 7604.
Fungal infections remain a major health concern with aromatic plants and their metabolites standing out as promising antifungal agents. The present study aims to assess, for the first time, the antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of Bupleurum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff essential oil from Portugal. The oil obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS, showed high amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons, namely α-pinene (29.0–36.0%), β–pinene (26.1–30.7%) and limonene (10.5–13.5%). The antifungal potential was assessed, according to CLSI guidelines, against several clinical and collection strains. The essential oil showed a broad fungicidal effect being more potent against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Moreover, a significant germ tube inhibition was observed in Candida albicans as well as a disruption of mature biofilms, thus pointing out an effect of the oil against relevant virulent factors. Furthermore, fungal ultrastructural modifications were detected through transmission electron microscopy, highlighting the nefarious effect of the oil. Of relevance, the oil also evidenced anti-inflammatory activity through nitric oxide inhibition in macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the essential oil’s bioactive concentrations did not present toxicity towards macrophages. Overall, the present study confirmed the bioactive potential of B. rigidum subsp. paniculatum essential oil, thus paving the way for the development of effective drugs presenting concomitantly antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties.
Mónica Zuzarte; Pedro Correia; Jorge Alves-Silva; Maria Gonçalves; Carlos Cavaleiro; Teresa Cruz; Lígia Salgueiro. Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Bupleurum rigidum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff Essential Oil. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 592 .
AMA StyleMónica Zuzarte, Pedro Correia, Jorge Alves-Silva, Maria Gonçalves, Carlos Cavaleiro, Teresa Cruz, Lígia Salgueiro. Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Bupleurum rigidum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff Essential Oil. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (5):592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMónica Zuzarte; Pedro Correia; Jorge Alves-Silva; Maria Gonçalves; Carlos Cavaleiro; Teresa Cruz; Lígia Salgueiro. 2021. "Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Bupleurum rigidum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff Essential Oil." Antibiotics 10, no. 5: 592.
The use of calendula for its lenitive properties’ dates to the XII century. This plant contains several bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, terpenes, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Calendula flower extract is used in soothing cosmetics, such as after-sun, sensitive skin and eye contour products. The anti-inflammatory properties of this ingredient were demonstrated in an animal model, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Therefore, our work explored the effect of a calendula flower extract on NO production, a pro-inflammatory radical produced by nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and highly released by innate immune cells in inflammatory-related pathologies. NO production was evoked by the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, using concentrations that did not compromise cells viability. This ingredient exhibited a dose-dependent NO inhibition, reaching 50% at 147 μL/mL without cytotoxicity. Together with previous literature, these results provide experimental evidence on the anti-inflammatory properties of calendula flower extract, as well as its usefulness in cosmetics with soothing properties and adjunctive skin care in the treatment of the diseases associated with dysregulation of the NO signaling cascade.
Diva Silva; Marta Ferreira; José Sousa-Lobo; Maria Cruz; Isabel Almeida. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower Extract. Cosmetics 2021, 8, 31 .
AMA StyleDiva Silva, Marta Ferreira, José Sousa-Lobo, Maria Cruz, Isabel Almeida. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower Extract. Cosmetics. 2021; 8 (2):31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiva Silva; Marta Ferreira; José Sousa-Lobo; Maria Cruz; Isabel Almeida. 2021. "Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower Extract." Cosmetics 8, no. 2: 31.
Coffee brews have High Molecular Weight (HMW) compounds with described immunostimulatory activity, namely polysaccharides and melanoidins. Melanoidins are formed during roasting and are modified during brews technological processing. In addition, brews have Low Molecular Weight (LMW) compounds, namely free chlorogenic acids and caffeine, with well-known anti-inflammatory properties. However, this study shows that both espresso and instant coffee brews did not present immunostimulatory neither anti-inflammatory in vitro activities. It is possible that the simultaneous existence of compounds with antagonistic effects can mitigate their individual effects. To test this hypothesis, an ultrafiltration separation process was applied, studying the behavior of coffee brews’ HMW on retention of LMW compounds. Several ultrafiltration sequential cycles were required to separate retentates from LMW compounds, suggesting their retention. This effect was higher in instant coffee, attributed to its initial higher carbohydrate content when compared to espresso. Separation of HMW and LMW compounds boosted their immunostimulatory (6.2–7.8 µM nitrites) and anti-inflammatory (LPS induced nitrite production decrease by 36–31%) in vitro activities, respectively. As coffee anti-inflammatory compounds are expected to be first absorbed during digestion, a potential in vivo fractionation of LMW and HMW compounds can promote health relevant effects after coffee intake.
Cláudia Passos; Rita Costa; Sónia Ferreira; Guido Lopes; Maria Cruz; Manuel Coimbra. Role of Coffee Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acids Adsorption to Polysaccharides with Impact on Brew Immunomodulation Effects. Foods 2021, 10, 378 .
AMA StyleCláudia Passos, Rita Costa, Sónia Ferreira, Guido Lopes, Maria Cruz, Manuel Coimbra. Role of Coffee Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acids Adsorption to Polysaccharides with Impact on Brew Immunomodulation Effects. Foods. 2021; 10 (2):378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCláudia Passos; Rita Costa; Sónia Ferreira; Guido Lopes; Maria Cruz; Manuel Coimbra. 2021. "Role of Coffee Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acids Adsorption to Polysaccharides with Impact on Brew Immunomodulation Effects." Foods 10, no. 2: 378.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers with a very short rate of survival and commonly without symptoms in its early stage. This absence of symptoms can lead to a late diagnosis associated with an advanced metastasis process, for which therapy is not effective. Although with extensive research in this field, the 5-year survival rate has not increased significantly. Notwithstanding, novel insights on risk factors, genetic mutations and molecular mechanisms pave the way for novel therapeutics that urge with a significant part of PC patients presenting resistance to chemotherapy treatments. Exosomes are presented as a promising strategy, working as delivery systems, since they can transport and release their cargoes after fusing with the membrane of pancreatic cells. Exosomes present advantages over liposomes, being less toxic and reaching higher levels in the bloodstream, working as molecule carriers that can inhibit oncogenes, activating tumor suppressor genes and inducing immune responses as well as controlling cell growth. This review intends to provide an overview about the scientific and clinical studies regarding the entire process, from isolation and purification of exosomes, to their design and transformation into anti-oncogenic drug delivering systems, particularly to target PC cells.
Constança Oliveira; João Calmeiro; Mylène A. Carrascal; Amílcar Falcão; Célia Gomes; Bruno Miguel Neves; Maria Teresa Cruz. Exosomes as new therapeutic vectors for pancreatic cancer treatment. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2021, 161, 4 -14.
AMA StyleConstança Oliveira, João Calmeiro, Mylène A. Carrascal, Amílcar Falcão, Célia Gomes, Bruno Miguel Neves, Maria Teresa Cruz. Exosomes as new therapeutic vectors for pancreatic cancer treatment. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2021; 161 ():4-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleConstança Oliveira; João Calmeiro; Mylène A. Carrascal; Amílcar Falcão; Célia Gomes; Bruno Miguel Neves; Maria Teresa Cruz. 2021. "Exosomes as new therapeutic vectors for pancreatic cancer treatment." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 161, no. : 4-14.
Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Cv) of Asteraceae family is used as food and in traditional medicine. However there are no studies on its nutritional value, phenolic composition and biological activities. In the present work, a nutritional analysis of Cv leaves was performed and its phenolic content and biological properties evaluated. The nutritional profile was achieved by gas chromatography (GC). A 70% ethanolic extract was prepared and characterized by HLPC-PDA-ESI/MSn. The quantification of chicoric acid was determined by HPLC-PDA. Subsequently, it was evaluated its antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory activity and cellular viability was assessed in Raw 264.7 macrophages. On wet weight basis, carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrients (9.99%), followed by minerals (2.74%) (mainly K, Ca and Na), protein (1.04%) and lipids (0.69%), with a low energetic contribution (175.19 KJ/100 g). The Cv extract is constituted essentially by phenolic acids as caffeic, ferulic and quinic acid derivatives being the major phenolic constituent chicoric acid (130.5 mg/g extract). The extract exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays and inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS (IC50 = 0.428 ± 0.007 mg/mL) without cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested. Conclusions: Given the nutritional and phenolic profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Cv could be a promising useful source of functional food ingredients.
Sónia Pedreiro; Sandrine Da Ressurreição; Maria Lopes; Maria Teresa Cruz; Teresa Batista; Artur Figueirinha; Fernando Ramos. Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 151 .
AMA StyleSónia Pedreiro, Sandrine Da Ressurreição, Maria Lopes, Maria Teresa Cruz, Teresa Batista, Artur Figueirinha, Fernando Ramos. Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSónia Pedreiro; Sandrine Da Ressurreição; Maria Lopes; Maria Teresa Cruz; Teresa Batista; Artur Figueirinha; Fernando Ramos. 2020. "Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 151.
In light of Medical Hydrology, thermal waters (TW) are all-natural mineral waters that emerge inside a thermal resort and have therapeutic applications. Their beneficial effect has been empirically recognized for centuries, being indicated for symptom alleviation and/or treatment of several diseases, almost all associated with inflammation. Indeed, an anti-inflammatory effect has been attributed to many different Portuguese TW but there is no scientific validation supporting this empiric knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of 14 TW pertaining to thermal centers located in the Central Region of Portugal, and grouped according to their ionic profile. Mouse macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, were exposed to culture medium prepared in TW. Metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels and the scavenging capacity of TW, were investigated in vitro. 11 out of 14 TW reduced NO production and/or iNOS expression, and/or scavenging activity, in macrophages exposed to LPS. The sulphated/calcic TW did not show any effect on at least one of the inflammatory parameters evaluated. Two sulphurous/bicarbonate/sodic TW and the sulphurous/chlorinated/sodic TW promoted an increase in NO production and/or iNOS expression. Our results validate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Portuguese TW, supporting their therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases and promoting their putative application in cosmetic products and medical devices.
A. Silva; A. S. Oliveira; C. V. Vaz; S. Correia; R. Ferreira; L. Breitenfeld; J. Martinez-De-Oliveira; R. Palmeira-De-Oliveira; C. M. F. Pereira; M. T. Cruz. Anti-inflammatory potential of Portuguese thermal waters. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -13.
AMA StyleA. Silva, A. S. Oliveira, C. V. Vaz, S. Correia, R. Ferreira, L. Breitenfeld, J. Martinez-De-Oliveira, R. Palmeira-De-Oliveira, C. M. F. Pereira, M. T. Cruz. Anti-inflammatory potential of Portuguese thermal waters. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Silva; A. S. Oliveira; C. V. Vaz; S. Correia; R. Ferreira; L. Breitenfeld; J. Martinez-De-Oliveira; R. Palmeira-De-Oliveira; C. M. F. Pereira; M. T. Cruz. 2020. "Anti-inflammatory potential of Portuguese thermal waters." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-13.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and cyclic mental disorder, characterized by unusual mood swings between mania/hypomania and depression, raising concern in both scientific and medical communities due to its deleterious social and economic impact. Polypharmacy is the rule due to the partial effectiveness of available drugs. Disease course is often unremitting, resulting in frequent cognitive deficits over time. Despite all research efforts in identifying BD-associated molecular mechanisms, current knowledge remains limited. However, the involvement of inflammation in BD pathophysiology is increasingly consensual, with the immune system and neuroinflammation playing a key role in disease course. Evidence includes altered levels of cytokines and acute-phase proteins, pathological microglial activation, deregulation of Nrf2-Keap1 system and changes in biogenic amines neurotransmitters, whose expression is regulated by TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine highly involved in BD, pointing out inflammation as a novel and attractive therapeutic target for BD. As result, new therapeutic agents including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, N-acetylcysteine and GSK3 inhibitors have been incorporated in BD treatment. Taking into consideration the latest pre-clinical and clinical trials, in this review we discuss recent data regarding inflammation in BD, unveiling potential therapeutic approaches through direct or indirect modulation of inflammatory response.
Ana Catarina Pereira; Joana Oliveira; Sónia Silva; Nuno Madeira; Cláudia M.F. Pereira; Maria T. Cruz. Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder (BD): Identification of new therapeutic targets. Pharmacological Research 2020, 163, 105325 .
AMA StyleAna Catarina Pereira, Joana Oliveira, Sónia Silva, Nuno Madeira, Cláudia M.F. Pereira, Maria T. Cruz. Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder (BD): Identification of new therapeutic targets. Pharmacological Research. 2020; 163 ():105325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Catarina Pereira; Joana Oliveira; Sónia Silva; Nuno Madeira; Cláudia M.F. Pereira; Maria T. Cruz. 2020. "Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder (BD): Identification of new therapeutic targets." Pharmacological Research 163, no. : 105325.
As the body's first line of defense, the skin is the organ most frequently exposed to chemicals present in personal hygiene products, household products, or materials used in the work environment. In this context, skin disorders account for more than 40% of all occupational and work-related diseases, constituting a significant public health burden. Among skin disorders, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the most prevalent occupational disease and the most common form of immunotoxicity in humans. ACD is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammation resulting from the priming and expansion of allergen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The clinical condition is characterized by local skin rash, itchiness, redness, swelling, and lesions, being mainly diagnosed by the patch test. Upon ACD diagnosis, avoiding the exposure to the triggering allergen is the mainstay of treatment to prevent future flares. In cases where avoidance is not possible, the use of a standard of care interim treatments such as steroid creams or ointments, barrier creams, and moisturizers are strongly recommended to alleviate symptoms. In this review, we sought to provide the reader with an overview of the pathophysiology of ACD as well as the currently available pharmacological treatment options. Furthermore, a comprehensive outline of several preventive strategies is also provided.
Gonçalo Sousa Brites; Isabel Ferreira; Ana Isabel Sebastião; Ana Silva; Mylene Carrascal; Bruno Miguel Neves; Maria T. Cruz. Allergic contact dermatitis: From pathophysiology to development of new preventive strategies. Pharmacological Research 2020, 162, 105282 .
AMA StyleGonçalo Sousa Brites, Isabel Ferreira, Ana Isabel Sebastião, Ana Silva, Mylene Carrascal, Bruno Miguel Neves, Maria T. Cruz. Allergic contact dermatitis: From pathophysiology to development of new preventive strategies. Pharmacological Research. 2020; 162 ():105282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonçalo Sousa Brites; Isabel Ferreira; Ana Isabel Sebastião; Ana Silva; Mylene Carrascal; Bruno Miguel Neves; Maria T. Cruz. 2020. "Allergic contact dermatitis: From pathophysiology to development of new preventive strategies." Pharmacological Research 162, no. : 105282.
Experimental evidence highlights nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) as a molecular target in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The well-known effect of electrophilic cysteine-reactive skin allergens on Nrf2-activation led to the hypothesis that these compounds could have a therapeutic role in AD. This was further supported by the neuroprotective activity of the skin allergen dimethyl fumarate (DMF), demonstrated in in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases. We evaluated the effect of the cysteine-reactive allergens 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD) and methyl heptine carbonate (MHC) on (1) neuronal redox imbalance and calcium dyshomeostasis using N2a wild-type (N2a-wt) and human APP-overexpressing neuronal cells (wild-type, N2a-APPwt) and (2) on neuroinflammation, using microglia BV-2 cells exposed to LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Phthalic anhydride (PA, mainly lysine-reactive), was used as a negative control. DMF, PPD and MHC increased Hmox1 gene and HMOX1 protein levels in N2a-APPwt cells suggesting Nrf2-dependent antioxidant activity. MHC, but also PA, rescued N2a-APPwt mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium levels in a Nrf2-independent pathway. All the chemicals showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing iNOS protein in microglia. This work highlights the potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of the selected skin allergens in in vitro models of AD, and supports further studies envisaging the validation of the results using in vivo AD models.
Ana Silva; Marta Pereira; Mylène A. Carrascal; Gonçalo Brites; Bruno Neves; Patrícia Moreira; Rosa Resende; Maria Manuel Silva; Armanda E. Santos; Cláudia Pereira; Maria Teresa Cruz. Calcium Modulation, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Skin Allergens Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease Cellular Models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 7791 .
AMA StyleAna Silva, Marta Pereira, Mylène A. Carrascal, Gonçalo Brites, Bruno Neves, Patrícia Moreira, Rosa Resende, Maria Manuel Silva, Armanda E. Santos, Cláudia Pereira, Maria Teresa Cruz. Calcium Modulation, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Skin Allergens Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease Cellular Models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (20):7791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Silva; Marta Pereira; Mylène A. Carrascal; Gonçalo Brites; Bruno Neves; Patrícia Moreira; Rosa Resende; Maria Manuel Silva; Armanda E. Santos; Cláudia Pereira; Maria Teresa Cruz. 2020. "Calcium Modulation, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Skin Allergens Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease Cellular Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20: 7791.
Due to their large spectrum of bioactive properties, much attention has recently been drawn to phlorotannins—i.e., phenolic compounds characteristic from brown macroalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of F. vesiculosus phlorotannin extracts and purified fractions. Overall, the crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) showed good radical scavenging activity, particularly towards nitric oxide (NO•). Subsequent subfractions of EtOAc (F1 to F9) with different molecular weights were then shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced NO• production in macrophages, with stronger effects being observed for fractions of lower MWs. Of the three intracellular markers analyzed, inducible NO• synthase showed the highest sensitivity to almost all the phlorotannin-rich samples, followed by interleukin 1β and cyclooxygenase 2, which was only inhibited by F2. Furthermore, this subfraction inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory protein κBα, thus preventing the activation of NF-κB and blocking the inflammatory cascade at the transcriptional level. This sample was characterized by the presence of a major compound with a deprotonated molecular ion at m/z 507 with a fragmentation pattern coherent with that of a phlorotannin derivative. Overall, this work unveiled some of the mechanistic aspects behind the anti-inflammatory capacity of phlorotannins from F. vesiculosus, endorsing its use as a possible natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
Marcelo D. Catarino; Ana Silva; Maria T. Cruz; Nuno Mateus; Artur M. S. Silva; Susana M. Cardoso. Phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus: Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 6897 .
AMA StyleMarcelo D. Catarino, Ana Silva, Maria T. Cruz, Nuno Mateus, Artur M. S. Silva, Susana M. Cardoso. Phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus: Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (18):6897.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelo D. Catarino; Ana Silva; Maria T. Cruz; Nuno Mateus; Artur M. S. Silva; Susana M. Cardoso. 2020. "Phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus: Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18: 6897.
Allergic contact dermatitis is a common occupational disease that manifests as a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction following skin exposure to small reactive chemicals termed haptens. Haptens penetrate the stratum corneum and covalently modify proteins in the epidermis, inducing intracellular stress, which further leads to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as uric acid, reactive oxygen species, hyaluronic acid fragments and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These DAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells, namely dendritic cells (DCs), leading to their maturation and migration to the draining lymph nodes where they activate naïve T lymphocytes. Among all PRRs, several studies emphasize the role of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome on the allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) sensitization phase. However, skin allergens—danger signals—NLRP3 inflammasome axis is yet to be completely elucidated. Therefore, in this review, we sought to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying DAMPs release and NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by skin allergens. The elucidation of these key events might help to identify novel therapeutic strategies for ACD, as well as the development of nonanimal alternative methods for the identification and potency categorization of skin sensitizers.
Ana Sebastião; Isabel Ferreira; Gonçalo Brites; Ana Silva; Bruno Neves; Maria Teresa Cruz. NLRP3 Inflammasome and Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Connection to Demystify. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 867 .
AMA StyleAna Sebastião, Isabel Ferreira, Gonçalo Brites, Ana Silva, Bruno Neves, Maria Teresa Cruz. NLRP3 Inflammasome and Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Connection to Demystify. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12 (9):867.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Sebastião; Isabel Ferreira; Gonçalo Brites; Ana Silva; Bruno Neves; Maria Teresa Cruz. 2020. "NLRP3 Inflammasome and Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Connection to Demystify." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 9: 867.
Thermal therapy has gained popularity over the years, and Portugal is one of the richest European countries in mineral therapeutic waters. The interest in the use of these natural mineral waters (NMW) for dermatologic purposes is continuously growing but there is a lack of scientific studies supporting its health benefits. The study aims to investigate the effect of a silica-rich NMW in skin cell homeostasis using two representative cell lines of the epidermis and dermis, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, in addition to a macrophage cell line. Mouse skin fibroblasts, macrophages and human keratinocytes were exposed to culture medium prepared with NMW. Cell metabolism (MTT or resazurin assays) and cell proliferation (trypan blue exclusion dye assay) were investigated. Migration (scratch-wound assay) and senescence (β-galactosidase activity assay) of fibroblasts were also studied. Exposure to NMW compromised the cell metabolic state of all the cell lines tested. This impairment was more pronounced in skin keratinocytes (60% reduction) relatively to skin fibroblasts (45% reduction) or macrophages (25% reduction). Proliferation of macrophages was reduced threefold upon exposure to thermal water, compared to controls. No differences were observed in migration between fibroblasts exposed to NMW and controls, while a potentiation of senescence of these cells was observed. Our results shed light in the bioactive effects of a silica-rich NMW supporting its therapeutic use. A reduction in both cell metabolism and proliferation of keratinocytes and macrophages supports the empirical clinical benefits of this NMW in hyperkeratotic conditions, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
Ana Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cátia Vicente Vaz; Ana Silva; Sara Correia; Raquel Ferreira; Luiza Breitenfeld; José Martinez-De-Oliveira; Rita Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cláudia Pereira; Maria Teresa Cruz. In vitro evaluation of potential benefits of a silica-rich thermal water (Monfortinho Thermal Water) in hyperkeratotic skin conditions. International Journal of Biometeorology 2020, 64, 1957 -1968.
AMA StyleAna Palmeira-De-Oliveira, Cátia Vicente Vaz, Ana Silva, Sara Correia, Raquel Ferreira, Luiza Breitenfeld, José Martinez-De-Oliveira, Rita Palmeira-De-Oliveira, Cláudia Pereira, Maria Teresa Cruz. In vitro evaluation of potential benefits of a silica-rich thermal water (Monfortinho Thermal Water) in hyperkeratotic skin conditions. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2020; 64 (11):1957-1968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cátia Vicente Vaz; Ana Silva; Sara Correia; Raquel Ferreira; Luiza Breitenfeld; José Martinez-De-Oliveira; Rita Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cláudia Pereira; Maria Teresa Cruz. 2020. "In vitro evaluation of potential benefits of a silica-rich thermal water (Monfortinho Thermal Water) in hyperkeratotic skin conditions." International Journal of Biometeorology 64, no. 11: 1957-1968.
The protozoan Giardia lamblia is the most common cause of parasitic gastrointestinal infection worldwide. The parasite developed sophisticated, yet not completely disclosed, mechanisms to escape immune system and growth in the intestine. To further understand the interaction of G. lamblia with host immune cells, we investigated the ability of parasites to modulate the canonical activation of mouse macrophages (Raw 264.7 cell line) and human monocyte-derived macrophages triggered by the TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We observed that G. lamblia impairs LPS-evoked pro-inflammatory status in these macrophage-like cells through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and subsequent NO production. This effect was in part due to the activity of three G. lamblia proteases, a 135 kDa metalloprotease and two cysteine proteases with 75 and 63 kDa, that cleave the p65RelA subunit of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, Tnf and Ccl4 transcription was increased in the presence of the parasite. Overall, our data indicates that G. lamblia modulates macrophages inflammatory response through impairment of the NF-κB, thus silencing a crucial signaling pathway of the host innate immune response.
Clarissa Perez Faria; Bruno Miguel Neves; Ágata Lourenço; Maria Teresa Cruz; João D. Martins; Ana Silva; Sónia Pereira; Maria Do Céu Sousa. Giardia lamblia Decreases NF-κB p65RelA Protein Levels and Modulates LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -17.
AMA StyleClarissa Perez Faria, Bruno Miguel Neves, Ágata Lourenço, Maria Teresa Cruz, João D. Martins, Ana Silva, Sónia Pereira, Maria Do Céu Sousa. Giardia lamblia Decreases NF-κB p65RelA Protein Levels and Modulates LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClarissa Perez Faria; Bruno Miguel Neves; Ágata Lourenço; Maria Teresa Cruz; João D. Martins; Ana Silva; Sónia Pereira; Maria Do Céu Sousa. 2020. "Giardia lamblia Decreases NF-κB p65RelA Protein Levels and Modulates LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-17.
Aromatic and medicinal plants, such as those from the Apiaceae family, and their metabolites, namely essential oils are of great industrial interest and a source of biologically relevant compounds. Essential oils are the major resource obtained during the hydrodistillation of aromatic plants, however, this process also originates high amounts of residual water. Although this by-product is discarded, it is conceivable that this water may be rich in non-volatile compounds which possess interesting biological properties. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the oil and the hydrodistillation residual water of Crithmum maritimum L. (sea fennel), a highly aromatic plant widely used in many European countries and highlight the bioactive potential of both products. High performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) analysis of the hydrodistillation residual water showed a profile rich in hydroxycinnamic acids and small amounts of flavone and flavonol glycosides. Chemical analysis of the essential oil by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-–MS) has revealed that γ-terpinene (33.6 %), sabinene (32.0 %) and thymol methyl ether (15.7 %) are the major compounds. The antioxidant potential of the residual water was disclosed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and a composition-activity relationship was unveiled by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-inflammatory potential was demonstrated by using an in vitro model of inflammation (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages). Furthermore, the antifungal potential was evaluated by the capacity to inhibit two important virulence factors in Candida albicans. Our results show that the residual water have a promising antioxidant potential as measured by DPPH scavenging assay (IC50 of 650 ± 160 μg/mL). Chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives found in the hydrodistillation residual water are the mainly contributors for this activity. The essential oil of C. maritimum (3.125 μg/mL) decreases the production of nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated macrophages by 37 % without affecting cell viability. In addition, the essential oil has a strong effect on virulence factors of C. albicans through inhibiting the formation of the germ tube by more than 50 % at 30 μg/mL besides, it is able to inhibit biofilm formation by decreasing both the biomass and the cell viability. Summing up, the present work highlights that the essential oil of Crithmum maritimum and the non-volatile extract rich in hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoid glycosides, obtained after the hydrodistillation process have important biological activities, thus endorsing the industrial exploitation of this plant.
Jorge M. Alves-Silva; Inês Guerra; Maria José Gonçalves; Carlos Cavaleiro; Maria Teresa Cruz; Artur Figueirinha; Lígia Salgueiro. Chemical composition of Crithmum maritimum L. essential oil and hydrodistillation residual water by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, and their biological activities. Industrial Crops and Products 2020, 149, 112329 .
AMA StyleJorge M. Alves-Silva, Inês Guerra, Maria José Gonçalves, Carlos Cavaleiro, Maria Teresa Cruz, Artur Figueirinha, Lígia Salgueiro. Chemical composition of Crithmum maritimum L. essential oil and hydrodistillation residual water by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, and their biological activities. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 149 ():112329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge M. Alves-Silva; Inês Guerra; Maria José Gonçalves; Carlos Cavaleiro; Maria Teresa Cruz; Artur Figueirinha; Lígia Salgueiro. 2020. "Chemical composition of Crithmum maritimum L. essential oil and hydrodistillation residual water by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, and their biological activities." Industrial Crops and Products 149, no. : 112329.
Acacia dealbata biomass, either from forest exploitation or from the management of invasive species, can be a strategic topic, namely as a source of high-value compounds. In this sense, the present study aimed at the detailed characterization of the lipophilic components of different morphological parts of A. dealbata and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity in cells representative of different mammals’ tissues. The chemical composition of lipophilic extracts from A. dealbata bark, wood and leaves was evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Terpenic compounds (representing 50.2%–68.4% of the total bark and leaves extracts, respectively) and sterols (60.5% of the total wood extract) were the main components of these extracts. Other constituents, such as fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, monoglycerides, and aromatic compounds were also detected in the studied extracts. All the extracts showed low or no cytotoxicity in the different cells tested, demonstrating their safety profile and highlighting their potential to be used in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical applications. This study is therefore an important contribution to the valorization of A. dealbata, demonstrating the potential of this species as a source of high value lipophilic compounds.
Cátia S. D. Oliveira; Patrícia Moreira; Judite Resende; Maria T. Cruz; Cláudia M. F. Pereira; Artur M. S. Silva; Sónia A. O. Santos; Armando J. D. Silvestre. Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment of the Lipophilic Fractions of Different Morphological Parts of Acacia dealbata. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 1814 .
AMA StyleCátia S. D. Oliveira, Patrícia Moreira, Judite Resende, Maria T. Cruz, Cláudia M. F. Pereira, Artur M. S. Silva, Sónia A. O. Santos, Armando J. D. Silvestre. Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment of the Lipophilic Fractions of Different Morphological Parts of Acacia dealbata. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (5):1814.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCátia S. D. Oliveira; Patrícia Moreira; Judite Resende; Maria T. Cruz; Cláudia M. F. Pereira; Artur M. S. Silva; Sónia A. O. Santos; Armando J. D. Silvestre. 2020. "Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment of the Lipophilic Fractions of Different Morphological Parts of Acacia dealbata." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5: 1814.
Throughout the last decades, dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines have proven to be a safe therapeutic approach, although with inconsistent clinical results. The functional limitations of ex vivo monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) commonly used in these therapies are one of the pointed explanations for their lack of robustness. Therefore, a great effort has been made to identify DC subsets with superior features for the establishment of effective anti-tumor responses and to apply them in therapeutic approaches. Among characterized human DC subpopulations, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1) have emerged as a highly desirable tool for empowering anti-tumor immunity. This DC subset excels in its capacity to prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and to activate natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, which are critical factors for an effective anti-tumor immune response. Here, we sought to revise the immunobiology of cDC1 from their ontogeny to their development, regulation and heterogeneity. We also address the role of this functionally thrilling DC subset in anti-tumor immune responses and the most recent efforts to apply it in cancer immunotherapy.
João Calmeiro; Mylène A. Carrascal; Adriana Ramos Tavares; Daniel Alexandre Ferreira; Célia Gomes; Amílcar Falcão; Maria Teresa Cruz; Bruno Miguel Neves. Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Human Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 158 .
AMA StyleJoão Calmeiro, Mylène A. Carrascal, Adriana Ramos Tavares, Daniel Alexandre Ferreira, Célia Gomes, Amílcar Falcão, Maria Teresa Cruz, Bruno Miguel Neves. Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Human Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12 (2):158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Calmeiro; Mylène A. Carrascal; Adriana Ramos Tavares; Daniel Alexandre Ferreira; Célia Gomes; Amílcar Falcão; Maria Teresa Cruz; Bruno Miguel Neves. 2020. "Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Human Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 2: 158.
The hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary malignancy of the liver, has a very poor prognosis and a lower survival rate. Moreover, the inefficacy of conventional therapies emphasizes the importance of discovering new bioactive compounds. Several studies clearly state that plant-derived polyphenols, namely ellagitannins, have several health benefits. Fragaria vesca leaves contain high amounts of polyphenols, being especially rich in ellagitannins. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize an ellagitannin-enriched fraction (EEF) from Fragaria vesca leaves and to unveil the anticancer potential of this fraction on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The analysis of EEF by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn allowed the detection of 12 ellagitannins. The cell viability of both EEF and crude extract was determined after 24 h of cells treatment and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was (IC50) evaluated. The IC50 of the EEF (113 μg/mL) was about 6 times lower than the IC50 of the crude extract (690 μg/mL). Furthermore, EEF induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint and decreased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent way. This fraction also induced an accumulation of LC3-II protein through blockage of autophagic flux, and inhibited chymotrypsin-like activity of 26S proteasome. These results showed, for the first time, that EEF from Fragaria vesca leaves inhibit both, autophagic and ubiquitin-proteasome system pathways, two main intracellular protein degradation systems that are targets for anticancer therapies. Additionally, a proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 914 proteins, among which 133 were modulated after cells treatment with EEF, most of them related to metabolic pathways. Overall, this study shows that the EEF from Fragaria vesca leaves decreased cell proliferation, inhibited the proteolytic mechanisms and modulated the metabolic pathways of the cell. Additionally this study points out Fragaria vesca as a source of valuable molecules with anticancer potential, suggesting that ellagitannins, the polyphenols identified in this fraction, could be useful in the development of new fine-tuned therapeutic strategies against carcinogenesis.
Joana Liberal; Gustavo Costa; Anália Carmo; Rui Vitorino; Carla Marques; Maria Rosario Domingues; Pedro Domingues; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Raquel Alves; Ana Bela Sarmento Ribeiro; Henrique Girao; Maria Teresa Cruz; Maria Teresa Batista. Chemical characterization and cytotoxic potential of an ellagitannin-enriched fraction from Fragaria vesca leaves. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2019, 12, 3652 -3666.
AMA StyleJoana Liberal, Gustavo Costa, Anália Carmo, Rui Vitorino, Carla Marques, Maria Rosario Domingues, Pedro Domingues, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Raquel Alves, Ana Bela Sarmento Ribeiro, Henrique Girao, Maria Teresa Cruz, Maria Teresa Batista. Chemical characterization and cytotoxic potential of an ellagitannin-enriched fraction from Fragaria vesca leaves. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019; 12 (8):3652-3666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Liberal; Gustavo Costa; Anália Carmo; Rui Vitorino; Carla Marques; Maria Rosario Domingues; Pedro Domingues; Ana Cristina Gonçalves; Raquel Alves; Ana Bela Sarmento Ribeiro; Henrique Girao; Maria Teresa Cruz; Maria Teresa Batista. 2019. "Chemical characterization and cytotoxic potential of an ellagitannin-enriched fraction from Fragaria vesca leaves." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 8: 3652-3666.
Thymus L. is one of the most aromatic and medicinal plants used worldwide, mainly due to its essential oils. Several species of Thymus are currently used in herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including disorders of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous system. Moreover, they are widely used by their flavor as condiment and food preservatives, and a wide range of biological and therapeutic properties have been reported for this genus. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Thymus zygis L. subsp. sylvestris (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. oil and its major compounds and, of utmost importance, assess their safety profile in several mammalian cell types at concentrations presenting strong bioactivity. This oil is characterized by high percentage of two phenolic compounds (thymol 19.5% and carvacrol 16.3%) and their biochemical precursor (p-cymene 22.0%). Interestingly, this is the first paper reporting high amounts of those phenols in the same sample of T. zygis subsp. sylvestris from Portugal. The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages and microglia concomitantly treated with T. zygis subsp. sylvestris essential oil. Our results demonstrated a significant decrease of LPS-induced NO production at concentrations up to 0.32 and 0.16 μL/mL, respectively, without affecting cell viability. These results confirm the safety of T. zygis subsp. sylvestris oil and thus its suitability to be used as condiment and food preservative. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity attributable to the essential oil supports further studies envisaging its putative use in pharmaceutical formulations for inhalation, topical application or oral administration.
Vanessa Rodrigues; Célia Cabral; Leisa Évora; Isabel Ferreira; Carlos Cavaleiro; Maria Teresa Cruz; Lígia Salgueiro. Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of Thymus zygis L. subsp. sylvestris (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. essential oil and its main compounds. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2019, 12, 3236 -3243.
AMA StyleVanessa Rodrigues, Célia Cabral, Leisa Évora, Isabel Ferreira, Carlos Cavaleiro, Maria Teresa Cruz, Lígia Salgueiro. Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of Thymus zygis L. subsp. sylvestris (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. essential oil and its main compounds. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019; 12 (8):3236-3243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanessa Rodrigues; Célia Cabral; Leisa Évora; Isabel Ferreira; Carlos Cavaleiro; Maria Teresa Cruz; Lígia Salgueiro. 2019. "Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of Thymus zygis L. subsp. sylvestris (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. essential oil and its main compounds." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 8: 3236-3243.
The common therapeutic indications of Portuguese Natural Mineral Waters (NMWs) are primarily for respiratory, rheumatic and musculoskeletal systems. However, these NMWs have been increasingly sought for dermatologic purposes. Opposing to what is observed in the major European Thermal Centres, there are few scientific evidences supporting the use of Portuguese NMWs for clinical applications. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial profile of individual NMWs from the central region of Portugal and correlate the results with their physicochemical characterization. An extensive multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) was also performed to further investigate this possible correlation. Six collection strains representing skin microbiota, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, were analysed, and their antimicrobial profile was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M07-A10, M45-A2, M11-A6 and M27-A3 microdilution methods. Different NMWs presented different antimicrobial profiles against the strains used; the physicochemical composition of NMWs seemed to be correlated with the different susceptibility profiles. Cutibacterium acnes showed a particularly high susceptibility to all NMWs belonging sulphurous/bicarbonated/sodic ionic profile, exhibiting microbial reductions up to 65%. However, due to the complex physicochemical composition of each water an overall conclusion regarding the effect of a specific ion on the growth of different microorganisms is yet to be known.
Ana Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cátia Vicente Vaz; Ana Silva; Sandra Saraiva Ferreira; Sara Correia; Raquel Ferreira; Luiza Breitenfeld; José Martinez-De-Oliveira; Rita Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cláudia Pereira; Maria Teresa Cruz. Chemical signature and antimicrobial activity of Central Portuguese Natural Mineral Waters against selected skin pathogens. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2019, 42, 2039 -2057.
AMA StyleAna Palmeira-De-Oliveira, Cátia Vicente Vaz, Ana Silva, Sandra Saraiva Ferreira, Sara Correia, Raquel Ferreira, Luiza Breitenfeld, José Martinez-De-Oliveira, Rita Palmeira-De-Oliveira, Cláudia Pereira, Maria Teresa Cruz. Chemical signature and antimicrobial activity of Central Portuguese Natural Mineral Waters against selected skin pathogens. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2019; 42 (7):2039-2057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cátia Vicente Vaz; Ana Silva; Sandra Saraiva Ferreira; Sara Correia; Raquel Ferreira; Luiza Breitenfeld; José Martinez-De-Oliveira; Rita Palmeira-De-Oliveira; Cláudia Pereira; Maria Teresa Cruz. 2019. "Chemical signature and antimicrobial activity of Central Portuguese Natural Mineral Waters against selected skin pathogens." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 7: 2039-2057.