Background: The spleen plays a central role in a range of diseases. As such, great emphasis has been placed on the procedure of spleen removal, the benefits and the numerous associated complications. Given the immediate risk of the thrombotic complications, the aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory patient characteristics in non-traumatic diseases of the spleen, and to investigate possible predictive factors for platelet count variation following the procedure. Methods: A total of 72 patients who underwent splenectomy were included in this retrospective study. Correlation coefficients as well as multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relationship between post-splenectomy platelet count and various preoperative clinical and laboratory patient characteristics. Results: Following multiple linear regression analysis, we determined that 54.93% of post-splenectomy platelet count variation was explained by admission platelet count (p = 0.00), lymphocyte count (p = 0.04), WBC count (p = 0.00), LOS (p = 0.00), patient gender (p = 0.00), spleen accessibility on admission (p = 0.02) and PT (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Platelet count variation following splenectomy for non-traumatic diseases can be predicted by assessing preoperative patient characteristics. The implications of this study suggest that by means of a prediction model, patient care could benefit from assessing and addressing various preoperative factors that lead to these complications.

Background: Adolescent pregnancies remain associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. This study describes the clinical and demographic characteristics of very young pregnant adolescents in Brașov County, Romania. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 1322 singleton deliveries to adolescents aged 12–16 years at Clinical Hospital “Dr. I.A. Sbârcea”, Brașov (2018–2024). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, t-tests, and correlation analyses were performed. No multivariable adjustment was applied. Results: Mean maternal age was 15.3 ± 0.8 years; 82.8% were from rural areas; 76% were primigravida. Cesarean section rate was 31.5%. Maternal complications included anemia (45%), postpartum hemorrhage (29.4%), preeclampsia (8%), and urogenital infections (28%). Among neonates, 33.7% had low birth weight, 18% were preterm, and 32.4% had APGAR scores < 7 at 1 min. Adolescents aged 12–14 years had lower postpartum hemoglobin (8.72 vs. 10.42 g/dL, p < 0.001) and higher rates of APGAR < 7 at 1 min (51.4% vs. 28.8%, p < 0.001) compared to those aged 15–16 years. Rural residence was associated with higher anemia rates (46.8% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.003) and inadequate prenatal care (40.0% vs. 23.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This single-centre cohort shows high rates of obstetric complications and adverse neonatal outcomes among very young adolescents, with observed differences by age and residence. These descriptive findings may inform further research into risk factors and preventive interventions for adolescent pregnancies in Romania.

Myelolipomas are described as small tumors, with some authors referring to sizes less than 4 cm in diameter. However, when greater than 10 cm, myelolipomas are labeled as giant tumors and thus, have a definite indication for surgical resection. Myelolipomas represent a small percentage of adrenal tumors. Giant myelolipomas are usually discovered incidentally during imaging studies performed for other conditions. They are often slow-growing and may reach sizes that significantly distort the anatomy of the affected area. Despite their large size, they are usually benign and do not spread to other parts of the body. Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign tumor with a scarce number of detailed cases reported in literature. It is frequently discovered by chance, covering a variety of differential diagnoses. Imaging techniques and histopathological examinations are of great importance in the differential diagnosis of adrenal gland lesions, including retroperitoneal lipoma and liposarcoma, adrenal myelolipoma, adrenal lymphoma, adrenal adenoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma or metastasis. We performed a comprehensive review on PubMed of all cases of giant adrenal myelolipoma reported in literature with more than 10 cm in diameter, in order to estimate the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of giant myelolipoma. So far, only 15 cases of truly giant adrenal myelolipoma have been reported between 1981 and 2023.

Pregnancy in adolescence represents a major nutritional challenge, with competing demands between maternal development and fetal growth. Choline is the essential nutrient with a critical role for fetal brain development and exhibits distinct metabolic patterns in pregnant adolescents aged 15–19 years compared to adult pregnant women. This narrative review examines the specific impact of choline status on fetal neurodevelopment in adolescent pregnancies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases from 2000 to 2025, focusing on choline metabolism, placental transport mechanisms, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent pregnant women demonstrate reduced choline clearance (0.8 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 mL/min/kg), decreased choline kinase activity (25–30% reduction), and reduced placental transporter expression (CTL1 reduced by 15–20%) compared to adults. These metabolic differences result in maternal–fetal competition for limited choline resources, potentially compromising fetal brain development during critical neurodevelopmental windows. The consequences include increased risk of neural tube defects, altered hippocampal development, and long-term cognitive impairments in offspring. Adolescent pregnancy creates a unique biochemical environment that may predispose to choline deficiency with lasting neurodevelopmental consequences, and current supplementation guidelines do not address adolescent-specific needs, pointing out the urgent requirement for appropriate age recommendations and targeted interventions to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Background and Objectives: Renal trauma is a significant consequence of both blunt and penetrating injuries, with management strategies having continuously evolved over recent years. This management requires careful clinical evaluation to balance the need for operative or non-operative treatment. This is especially critical in the context of the increasing trend of non-operative management for stable renal injuries, largely due to advances in imaging, improved hemodynamic stabilization, and better outcomes with conservative approaches. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the epidemiology of renal trauma, the mechanism of injury, and the outcomes of management strategies in blunt renal trauma and determine their influence on morbidity and mortality rates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted with patients diagnosed with renal trauma in the Emergency Clinical County Hospital in Brasov, Romania from 1.01.2018 to 31.12.2023. Data were collected from medical records. Results: A total of 89 patients with blunt renal trauma were identified. The most frequent renal injuries, according to AAST classification, were grade 2 in 34.83% of the patients and grade 1 in 26.97% of the patients. Most of them, 84.27%, were managed conservatively. The overall mortality rate was 12.36%. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of personalized management strategies for renal trauma, especially emphasizing conservative treatment for hemodynamically stable patients. Our findings contribute to understanding renal trauma outcomes and should improve future clinical practices and guidelines in renal trauma management. Further studies should explore long-term outcomes and optimize treatment protocols.

Breast cancer is characterized by increased morbidity and mortality, this being influenced by the presence of risk factors, this time with hormonal involvement, in the development and development of breast cancer. The study was based on an analysis of a group of 90 patients with malignant breast tumors operated from 2009-to 2014 in our department. We used a questionnaire for highlighting the presence or absence of hormonal risk factors in these patients. The results were correlated with the histopathological examination. It is known that in general cancers that are considered hormone-dependent, have a distinctive feature, namely, that for their development the presence of hormones is necessary. This study aimed at detecting hormone-dependent breast cancers, and also highlight the risk factors for hormonal-dependent breast tumors. Rezumat Cancerul mamar se caracterizează printr-o morbiditate și mortalitate crescută, aceasta fiind influențată de prezența factorilor de risc, de această dată cu implicare hormonală, în dezvoltarea acestuia. Studiul s-a bazat pe analiza unui grup de 90 pacienți cu tumori maligne ale sânului operați în perioada 2009-2014 în secția de chirurgie a unui spital clinic. A fost utilizat un chestionar pentru evidențierea prezenței sau absenței factorilor de risc hormonal la acești pacienți. Rezultatele au fost corelate cu examenul histopatologic. Se știe că, în general, cancerele considerate dependente de hormoni, au o caracteristică distinctivă, și anume, că pentru dezvoltarea lor este necesară prezența hormonilor. Acest studiu a urmărit să detecteze cancerele mamare dependente de hormoni, precum și să evidențieze factorii de risc pentru tumorile mamare dependente de hormoni.