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The effects of replacement of maize grain with ancient wheat by-products on intestinal morphometry and enzymatic activity in laying hens was studied. Eighty hens were divided into two groups (40 each, 8 replicates, 5 hens/replicate) fed two isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. In the treated group, part of the maize was replaced by a mix of ancient grains (AGs) middling, in a 50:50 ratio of Triticum aestivum L. var. spelta (spelt) and Triticum durum dicoccum L. (emmer wheat). The AG diet affected the weight of all the large intestine tracts, decreasing the weight of caeca (p< 0.01) and increasing those of colon (p< 0.01), rectum and cloaca (p< 0.05). Villus height in the AG group was higher (p< 0.01) than the control for the duodenum and jejunum, while for the ileum, the control group showed the highest values (p< 0.01). The submucosa thickness was higher (p< 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum, while the jejunum for the AG group showed the highest (p< 0.05) submucosa thickness. The crypts depth was higher (p< 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum. Enzyme activity was enhanced by AGs (p< 0.01) in the duodenum. Regarding the jejunum, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase had higher activity (p< 0.05 and p< 0.01, respectively) in the AG group. In the ileum, sucrase-isomaltase showed higher activity (p< 0.01) in the control group, while alkaline phosphatase showed the highest values (p< 0.05) in the AG group. Overall, results suggested that the dietary inclusion of AGs exerted positive effects in hens, showing an improved intestinal function.
Nicola Addeo; Basilio Randazzo; Ike Olivotto; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Nadia Musco; Giovanni Piccolo; Antonino Nizza; Carmelo Di Meo; Fulvia Bovera. Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6554 .
AMA StyleNicola Addeo, Basilio Randazzo, Ike Olivotto, Maria Messina, Francesca Tulli, Nadia Musco, Giovanni Piccolo, Antonino Nizza, Carmelo Di Meo, Fulvia Bovera. Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicola Addeo; Basilio Randazzo; Ike Olivotto; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Nadia Musco; Giovanni Piccolo; Antonino Nizza; Carmelo Di Meo; Fulvia Bovera. 2021. "Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6554.
The rise in the demand and the limited availability of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids claim to obtain these important long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from novel sources. Skin of rainbow trout is a fish industry by-product but still contains valuable LCPUFA amounts with great potential applications in human nutrition and health. This study aimed to explore the nutritional composition of rainbow trout skin for its use as source of n-3 LCPUFA and its composition modification according to fish diet. Rainbow trout were fed three diets including increasing substitution levels of fishmeal with full-fat black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (0%, 25%, 50% substitution levels) over 98 days. DHA was the major representative of the n-3 LCPUFA in the skin of all dietary groups, being the H25 group the richest in this fatty acid. The present study shows that the skin of rainbow trout can be a promising source of n-3 LCPUFA. Reusing the skin of farmed fish represents a possible way to decrease food industry by-products, to reduce n-3 LCPUFA shortfall and could lead to the development of functional foods and nutritional supplements including n-3 LCPUFA from fish skin.
Leonardo Bruni; Yara Husein; Giulia Secci; Francesca Tulli; Giuliana Parisi. Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Skin as Potential n-3 Fatty Acid Source. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleLeonardo Bruni, Yara Husein, Giulia Secci, Francesca Tulli, Giuliana Parisi. Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Skin as Potential n-3 Fatty Acid Source. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Bruni; Yara Husein; Giulia Secci; Francesca Tulli; Giuliana Parisi. 2021. "Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Skin as Potential n-3 Fatty Acid Source." Waste and Biomass Valorization , no. : 1-9.
This study aimed to determine whether isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) can discriminate farmed European sea bass according to different farming systems and geographic origins. Dicentrarchus labrax of commercial size from three different rearing systems (concrete tank inland, sea cages, and extensive methods in valleys or salt works) were collected at the trading period (autumn–winter). For each farming type, different locations spread over Italy were monitored. Once the fish were harvested, the muscle and feed were sampled. For both muscle and feed, δ13C and δ15N were measured by continuous flow elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-EA-IRMS) with the goal of discriminating samples based on the rearing system. Additional δ2H and δ18O measurements of fish samples were performed by continuous flow total combustion elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-TC/EA-IRMS) to track the geographical origin. The measurements of δ13C and δ15N made it possible to discriminate cultured sea bass from different farming systems (extensive vs. intensive) reared at different geographical sites in Italy. Additional information was obtained from δ18O and δ2H, which enabled the geographical areas of origin of the sea bass farmed extensively and intensively (in cages) to be distinguished.
Francesca Tulli; José Moreno-Rojas; Concetta Messina; Angela Trocino; Gerolamo Xiccato; José Muñoz-Redondo; Andrea Santulli; Emilio Tibaldi. The Use of Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis to Trace European Sea Bass (D. labrax) Originating from Different Farming Systems. Animals 2020, 10, 2042 .
AMA StyleFrancesca Tulli, José Moreno-Rojas, Concetta Messina, Angela Trocino, Gerolamo Xiccato, José Muñoz-Redondo, Andrea Santulli, Emilio Tibaldi. The Use of Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis to Trace European Sea Bass (D. labrax) Originating from Different Farming Systems. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Tulli; José Moreno-Rojas; Concetta Messina; Angela Trocino; Gerolamo Xiccato; José Muñoz-Redondo; Andrea Santulli; Emilio Tibaldi. 2020. "The Use of Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis to Trace European Sea Bass (D. labrax) Originating from Different Farming Systems." Animals 10, no. 11: 2042.
Giuliana Parisi; Francesca Tulli; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Anna De Angelis; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Aldo Prandini; Laura Gasco; Alessandra Roncarati; Pier Paolo Danieli. Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 1204 -1225.
AMA StyleGiuliana Parisi, Francesca Tulli, Riccardo Fortina, Rosaria Marino, Paolo Bani, Antonella Dalle Zotte, Anna De Angelis, Giovanni Piccolo, Luciano Pinotti, Achille Schiavone, Genciana Terova, Aldo Prandini, Laura Gasco, Alessandra Roncarati, Pier Paolo Danieli. Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):1204-1225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliana Parisi; Francesca Tulli; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Anna De Angelis; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Aldo Prandini; Laura Gasco; Alessandra Roncarati; Pier Paolo Danieli. 2020. "Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 1204-1225.
The production of insects on an industrial scale has attracted the attention of the research and agricultural industry as novel protein sources. To detect the presence of Gryllodes sigillatus (GS) in feed and food, a real-time PCR method based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYB) gene is proposed by this study. Forty DNA samples of animal and plant origin were used to confirm the specificity of the qPCR system. The detection method’s performance was evaluated on different processed GS matrices including native GS (UnGS) and different commercial products: crunchy roasted samples (RoGS), insect meal mixtures (ACGS) and energetic snacks containing GS (GSS). Data on sequencing were aligned with the reference gene to confirm the PCR products. The regression curve (y = −3.394 x + 42.521; R2 = 0.994, d.f. 14) between Ct values and Log DNA concentrations of Gryllodes sigillatus resulted in an efficiency of 96.4%. The severity of the technological processing treatments and the matrix structure affected the intensity of the PCR signal with the same amount of insect DNA as observed by different y-intercepts of the three-regression lines for RoGS, ACGS, and GSS. The real-time PCR method resulted in robust and sensitive outcomes able to detect low amounts of GS DNA (5 g/100 g) in a complex matrix, making it suitable for detecting the presence or absence of labeled Gryllodes sigillatus material both in feed and food.
Enrico Daniso; Francesca Tulli; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Roberto Cerri; Emilio Tibaldi. Molecular approach for insect detection in feed and food: the case of Gryllodes sigillatus. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 2020, 246, 2373 -2381.
AMA StyleEnrico Daniso, Francesca Tulli, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Roberto Cerri, Emilio Tibaldi. Molecular approach for insect detection in feed and food: the case of Gryllodes sigillatus. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. 2020; 246 (12):2373-2381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrico Daniso; Francesca Tulli; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Roberto Cerri; Emilio Tibaldi. 2020. "Molecular approach for insect detection in feed and food: the case of Gryllodes sigillatus." Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 246, no. 12: 2373-2381.
Algae are natural sources of nutrients, but the presence of anti-nutritional factors often compromises nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) in several fish species. In this study, physical-mechanical and enzymatic technological processing was applied to two seaweeds (Gracilaria gracilis and Ulva rigida) and three microalgae (Nannochloropsis oceanica, Chlorella vulgaris, and Tetraselmis sp.) in order to evaluate its effectiveness in improving nutrient ADC values in diets for European seabass. A practical commercial-based diet was used as reference (REF) and experimental diets were prepared by replacing 30% of REF diet with each test alga used either intact or after processing. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) analyses revealed that enzymatic processing was more effective than the physical one in changing the protein and peptides composition, increasing the amount of low-molecular-weight compounds in seaweeds and N. oceanica microalgae. Protein digestibility was significantly affected by algae species and in the case of the microalgae by the technological process. Gracilaria gracilis is better digested than U. rigida and physical processing enhanced protein and energy ADC values. Nannochloropsis oceanica and C. vulgaris are better digested than Tetraselmis sp.; the highest protein and energy ADCs were observed in diets containing enzymatically processed N. oceanica (NAN-ENZ) and physically processed C. vulgaris (CHLO-PHY), followed by the diet with physically processed Tetraselmis sp. (TETR-PHY). Results clearly showed that it is possible to increase nutrient accessibility and digestibility of algae by fish, by selecting the most adequate method to disrupt the cell wall. Moreover, the physical-mechanical and enzymatic technological processes used in this study are scalable to the industrial level.
Sónia Batista; Manuela Pintado; Alexandra Marques; Helena Abreu; Joana L. Silva; Flemming Jessen; Francesca Tulli; Luisa M.P. Valente. Use of technological processing of seaweed and microalgae as strategy to improve their apparent digestibility coefficients in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Environmental Biology of Fishes 2020, 32, 3429 -3446.
AMA StyleSónia Batista, Manuela Pintado, Alexandra Marques, Helena Abreu, Joana L. Silva, Flemming Jessen, Francesca Tulli, Luisa M.P. Valente. Use of technological processing of seaweed and microalgae as strategy to improve their apparent digestibility coefficients in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2020; 32 (5):3429-3446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSónia Batista; Manuela Pintado; Alexandra Marques; Helena Abreu; Joana L. Silva; Flemming Jessen; Francesca Tulli; Luisa M.P. Valente. 2020. "Use of technological processing of seaweed and microalgae as strategy to improve their apparent digestibility coefficients in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles." Environmental Biology of Fishes 32, no. 5: 3429-3446.
Insects are able to bio-convert organic by-products into a sustainable biomass for aquafeed formulation. Specifically, among several insect species, Hermetia illucens (H) is particularly interesting for its nutritious traits but, unfortunately, the lipidic fraction is poorly represented by polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 and poses some limits in its application in aquafeed formulation. The present study undertook an interdisciplinary approach to explore the effects of three experimental diets containing increasing levels of full-fat H meal (H0 diet based on fishmeal and purified protein-rich vegetable ingredients; H25 and H50 diets containing 25% or 50% of full-fat H meal replacing fishmeal, respectively), on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed over a 98 days experimental period. The expression of genes related to lipid metabolism by RT-qPCR, liver histology, as well as the qualitative traits of fillets and fatty acid (FA) composition were investigated. Interestingly, fads2 gene expression in pyloric caeca increased in fish fed diets containing the highest full-fat H meal inclusion (H50 > H0; p < .05). Liver histological examinations showed normal morphological aspect even though hepatic FA profiles seemed to resemble those of the diets. However, liver docosahexaenoic acid did not significantly differ between the dietary groups and showed a mean value of 11.07 g FA methyl esters/100 g total FA methyl esters. Despite the FA profile of the three diets differed depending on the H meal inclusion level, biometrics, fillet physical traits, total lipids and the overall FA profile were not jeopardised, not even eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The overall results showed that the dietary full-fat H meal inclusion under study did not impair fish fillet quality, guaranteeing its nutritional value. Some effects on lipid metabolism were observed, as suggested by liver, pyloric caeca and mid intestine gene expression and liver FA profile. Future studies on the biological mechanisms behind the macroscopic traits of fish fed unprocessed insects are warmly encouraged.
Leonardo Bruni; Basilio Randazzo; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Matteo Zarantoniello; Fabio Mina; Giulia Secci; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto; Giuliana Parisi. Dietary inclusion of full-fat Hermetia illucens prepupae meal in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Lipid metabolism and fillet quality investigations. Aquaculture 2020, 529, 735678 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Bruni, Basilio Randazzo, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Matteo Zarantoniello, Fabio Mina, Giulia Secci, Francesca Tulli, Ike Olivotto, Giuliana Parisi. Dietary inclusion of full-fat Hermetia illucens prepupae meal in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Lipid metabolism and fillet quality investigations. Aquaculture. 2020; 529 ():735678.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Bruni; Basilio Randazzo; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Matteo Zarantoniello; Fabio Mina; Giulia Secci; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto; Giuliana Parisi. 2020. "Dietary inclusion of full-fat Hermetia illucens prepupae meal in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Lipid metabolism and fillet quality investigations." Aquaculture 529, no. : 735678.
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered as an alternative, emerging and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed production. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, while no studies are available on fish behavior in response to these new diets. The present work represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study aimed to investigate zebrafish physiological and behavioural responses to BSF-based diets. Five experimental diets characterized by increasing inclusion levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respect to fish meal) of full fat BSF prepupae meal were tested during a 2-months feeding trial. Prepupae were cultured on coffee silverskin growth substrate enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. to improve insects' fatty acids profile. The responses of zebrafish were assayed through biometric, histological, gas chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, molecular and behavioural analyses. Results evidenced that BSF-based diets affected fish fatty acid composition, while behavioural tests did not show differences among groups. Specifically, a 50% BSF inclusion level diet represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, higher lipid content, fatty acid modification and higher expression of immune response markers.
Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Giorgia Gioacchini; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Paola Riolo; Giorgia Gioia; Cristiano Bertolucci; Andrea Osimani; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato; Vesna Milanović; Anna Annibaldi; Francesca Tulli; Valentina Notarstefano; Sara Ruschioni; Francesca Clementi; Ike Olivotto. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -16.
AMA StyleMatteo Zarantoniello, Basilio Randazzo, Giorgia Gioacchini, Cristina Truzzi, Elisabetta Giorgini, Paola Riolo, Giorgia Gioia, Cristiano Bertolucci, Andrea Osimani, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato, Vesna Milanović, Anna Annibaldi, Francesca Tulli, Valentina Notarstefano, Sara Ruschioni, Francesca Clementi, Ike Olivotto. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Giorgia Gioacchini; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Paola Riolo; Giorgia Gioia; Cristiano Bertolucci; Andrea Osimani; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato; Vesna Milanović; Anna Annibaldi; Francesca Tulli; Valentina Notarstefano; Sara Ruschioni; Francesca Clementi; Ike Olivotto. 2020. "Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-16.
Gracilaria gracilis and Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, were tested in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets. A control (CTRL) diet was compared with experimental diets including either 8% G. gracilis (GRA8), 8% N. oceanica (NAN8), or a blend of 4% of each alga (NAN4GRA4). After 106 days of feeding, growth, nutrient utilization, antioxidant defense, immunological status, and end-product quality were evaluated. All fish exhibited similar feed intake (1.4–1.5%), body weight, growth, and feed conversion ratio (1.6). Dietary inclusion N. oceanica did not affect digestible N intake and gain. Fish fed GRA8 had the lowest digestible N and energy intake (P < 0.05), and simultaneously the highest nitrogen retention efficiency and energy retention efficiency, resulting in a N and energy gain similar to all other treatments. All fish had well-preserved intestinal morphology; feeding NAN8 resulted in a significant increase in neutral goblet cells compared with GRA8. Fish fed the algal diets had significantly lower (P < 0.05) hepatosomatic index (1.7–1.8 vs 2.1) and plasma triglyceride levels than CTRL, but whole body composition remained similar among treatments. The liver total antioxidant capacity of fish fed NAN8 was significantly higher than that of fish fed GRA8 but did not differ significantly from the CTRL group. NAN4GRA4 resulted in lower values of total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and alternative complement. N. oceanica decreased fillet springiness; however, with NAN4GRA4, the muscle fillet became less resilient. G. gracilis and N. oceanica biomass, either used single (8%) or blended (4% each), can be valuable natural ingredients for partial replacement of fish meal in European seabass diets.
Sónia Batista; Ricardo Pereira; Beatriz Oliveira; Luis F. Baião; Flemming Jessen; Francesca Tulli; Maria Messina; Joana L. Silva; Helena Abreu; Luisa M. P. Valente. Exploring the potential of seaweed Gracilaria gracilis and microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, as natural dietary ingredients for European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. Environmental Biology of Fishes 2020, 32, 2041 -2059.
AMA StyleSónia Batista, Ricardo Pereira, Beatriz Oliveira, Luis F. Baião, Flemming Jessen, Francesca Tulli, Maria Messina, Joana L. Silva, Helena Abreu, Luisa M. P. Valente. Exploring the potential of seaweed Gracilaria gracilis and microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, as natural dietary ingredients for European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2020; 32 (3):2041-2059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSónia Batista; Ricardo Pereira; Beatriz Oliveira; Luis F. Baião; Flemming Jessen; Francesca Tulli; Maria Messina; Joana L. Silva; Helena Abreu; Luisa M. P. Valente. 2020. "Exploring the potential of seaweed Gracilaria gracilis and microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, as natural dietary ingredients for European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax." Environmental Biology of Fishes 32, no. 3: 2041-2059.
This paper reviews current knowledge on two feedstuffs, that is, insect meal and fish by-products, as alternatives to conventional animal protein sources. After an introductory part that highlights the need for sustainable development of animal production, the alternative protein sources are discussed. In particular, after providing some indications on their production and supply focussing on EU, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was performed to identify the key factors that could help or impair the development of both protein sources production sectors. Finally, future perspectives are presented. The use of processed animal proteins derived from insects in farmed fish feeding is recognised by the EU legislation that authorises the use of proteins from seven insect species and the allowed substrates to rear insects. Insects have several advantages in nutritional value and the amino acid composition of their proteins generally meet animal requirements for good growth and health. The SWOT analysis indicated that insect meals can be considered as feed functional ingredients with beneficial properties that depend on the insect species, rearing system adopted, and the substrate used for their growth. Insects are expected to be increasingly used as a replacement for conventional animal-derived proteins, especially in aquafeeds. In the section regarding fishery and aquaculture by-products, the potential use of raw materials obtained during seafood processing is discussed. Peptides and amino acids recovered from as hydrolysed proteins can be used in animal feeds to partially substitute conventional protein feedstuffs thus providing nutrients, bioactive compounds and feed additives for animals. The SWOT analysis identified opportunities and weaknesses. Both the alternative protein sources are promising alternative feed ingredients for livestock production.
Laura Gasco; Gabriele Acuti; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Pier Paolo Danieli; Anna De Angelis; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Giuliana Parisi; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Aldo Prandini; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Francesca Tulli; Alessandra Roncarati. Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 360 -372.
AMA StyleLaura Gasco, Gabriele Acuti, Paolo Bani, Antonella Dalle Zotte, Pier Paolo Danieli, Anna De Angelis, Riccardo Fortina, Rosaria Marino, Giuliana Parisi, Giovanni Piccolo, Luciano Pinotti, Aldo Prandini, Achille Schiavone, Genciana Terova, Francesca Tulli, Alessandra Roncarati. Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):360-372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Gasco; Gabriele Acuti; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Pier Paolo Danieli; Anna De Angelis; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Giuliana Parisi; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Aldo Prandini; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Francesca Tulli; Alessandra Roncarati. 2020. "Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 360-372.
Recently, the insects meal has been released by the European Union as an ingredient in aquafeeds and only seven insect species have been allowed to be used for these preparations. To avoid misleading results, a suitable method for the detection of these insect species in food/feed, would be highly desirable. In this paper, we present an innovative, sensitive, specific and low-cost Point-of-Care apparatus, based on DNA probes for the detection of one of the most popular insects used in aquafeed preparation, Hermetia illucens (HI), commonly known as black soldier fly. The DNA probes adopted for this genosensor have been designed to enable a very specific insect recognition which were derived from DNA primers. The DNA primers were first tested with qPCR. Forty different samples (animal species and common aquafeed ingredients) have been tested to check the possible cross-reactivity, confirming the adequate primers specificity. The primers have been used in a practical application, like the detection of HI in complex matrices of practical aquafeeds. The DNA probes derived by these primers have been then applied to implement an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) based genosensor. The developed genosensor has been tested with HI DNA directly extracted from the insect, without any DNA amplification; a good test sensitivity has been obtained, being 0.75 ng/μl its detection (LOD) limit. Then, the genosensor has been tested with the DNA extracted from the same aquafeeds used in the qPCR experiments. The results obtained by these two methods have then been compared giving very good consistency and both allowed to detect HI meal up to a minimum threshold of 5 g/100gr feed.
Enrico Daniso; Patrizia Melpignano; Francesca Tulli. An OLED-based genosensor for the detection of Hermetia illucens in feeds. Food Control 2020, 113, 107179 .
AMA StyleEnrico Daniso, Patrizia Melpignano, Francesca Tulli. An OLED-based genosensor for the detection of Hermetia illucens in feeds. Food Control. 2020; 113 ():107179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrico Daniso; Patrizia Melpignano; Francesca Tulli. 2020. "An OLED-based genosensor for the detection of Hermetia illucens in feeds." Food Control 113, no. : 107179.
Promoting circularity in the aquaculture sector through the conversion of great amount of organic by-products produced on land is a valuable strategy for a further development of the aquaculture sector. In this regard, insects represent a very promising example of bio-converting organisms; their application in aquafeeds, however, still faces possible limitations because of their lack in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the presence of chitin. The aim of the present study was to apply circularity to Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) culture and to improve the insect's biomass fatty acid composition by culturing them on a land-produced by-product (coffee silverskin) enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. The insect biomass was then used to formulate five fish diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of insect meal respect to fish meal, respectively. Diets were used for a feeding trial during zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval development (21 days) and a multidisciplinary approach including biometry, histology, gas chromatography, spectroscopy (FTIR), microbiota analyses and molecular biology was applied to better understand fish responses to the new diets. Results showed that the 50% substitution of fish meal with insect meal represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed a severe degree of hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, a higher lipid content (FTIR), fatty acid modification and higher expression of both stress and immune response markers.
Matteo Zarantoniello; Andrea Zimbelli; Basilio Randazzo; Martina Delli Compagni; Cristina Truzzi; Matteo Antonucci; Paola Riolo; Nino Loreto; Andrea Osimani; Vesna Milanović; Elisabetta Giorgini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Francesca Tulli; Renato Cipriani; Giorgia Gioacchini; Ike Olivotto. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production. Aquaculture 2019, 518, 734659 .
AMA StyleMatteo Zarantoniello, Andrea Zimbelli, Basilio Randazzo, Martina Delli Compagni, Cristina Truzzi, Matteo Antonucci, Paola Riolo, Nino Loreto, Andrea Osimani, Vesna Milanović, Elisabetta Giorgini, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Francesca Tulli, Renato Cipriani, Giorgia Gioacchini, Ike Olivotto. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production. Aquaculture. 2019; 518 ():734659.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Zarantoniello; Andrea Zimbelli; Basilio Randazzo; Martina Delli Compagni; Cristina Truzzi; Matteo Antonucci; Paola Riolo; Nino Loreto; Andrea Osimani; Vesna Milanović; Elisabetta Giorgini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Francesca Tulli; Renato Cipriani; Giorgia Gioacchini; Ike Olivotto. 2019. "Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production." Aquaculture 518, no. : 734659.
Intensive fish farming relies on the use of feeds based on fish meal and oil as optimal ingredients; however, further development of the aquaculture sector needs new, nutritious and sustainable ingredients. According to the concept of circular economy, insects represent good candidates as aquafeed ingredients since they can be cultured through environmental-friendly, cost-effective farming processes, on by-products/wastes, and many studies have recently been published about their inclusion in fish feed. However, information about the physiological effects of insect-based diets over the whole life cycle of fish is presently missing. At this regard, the present study investigated, for the first time, the effects of Black Soldier Fly based diets (25 and 50% fish meal substitution) administration for a six months period in zebrafish (Danio rerio), from larvae to adults. A multidisciplinary approach, including biometric, biochemical, histological, spectroscopic and molecular analyses was applied. Aside a general reduction in fish growth and lipid steatosis, six-months feeding on Black Soldier Fly based diets did not show major negative effects on zebrafish. Gut histological analysis on intestine samples did not show signs of inflammation and both stress markers and immune response markers did not show significant differences among the experimental groups.
Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Claudia Marcellucci; Jorge Arturo Vargas-Abúndez; Andrea Zimbelli; Anna Annibaldi; Giuliana Parisi; Francesca Tulli; Paola Riolo; Ike Olivotto. A six-months study on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) based diets in zebrafish. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 8598 .
AMA StyleMatteo Zarantoniello, Basilio Randazzo, Cristina Truzzi, Elisabetta Giorgini, Claudia Marcellucci, Jorge Arturo Vargas-Abúndez, Andrea Zimbelli, Anna Annibaldi, Giuliana Parisi, Francesca Tulli, Paola Riolo, Ike Olivotto. A six-months study on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) based diets in zebrafish. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):8598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Claudia Marcellucci; Jorge Arturo Vargas-Abúndez; Andrea Zimbelli; Anna Annibaldi; Giuliana Parisi; Francesca Tulli; Paola Riolo; Ike Olivotto. 2019. "A six-months study on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) based diets in zebrafish." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 8598.
This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion levels of full-fat Hermetia illucens prepupae meal (H) on growth and gastrointestinal integrity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A 98-day study was conducted using triplicate groups of trout (initial body weight, 137 ± 10.5 g) kept in 1-m3 tanks in a flow-through well water system. Three dietary treatments were prepared: one based on fishmeal and purified protein-rich vegetable ingredients (H0), and two experimental diets including graded levels of H meal (25% and 50%, referred to as H25 and H50, respectively). At the end of the feeding trial, no differences were observed in growth performance and plasma metabolite levels, with the biometric data confirmed by the liver expression of the genes involved in somatic growth regulation (igf1 and mstn1a). In the H50 group, a three-fold up regulation of liver hsp70 was observed. An activation of the stress/immune response (il-10, tnf-α, and tlr-5) was observed in medium intestine in the H25 and H50 groups (p < 0.05) together with a villi length reduction detected through histological analyses. Liver histology and Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI) spectroscopy highlighted an increase in lipid deposition. These findings suggest that caution should be taken into account when 50% replacement of conventional ingredients with H is selected.
Gloriana Cardinaletti; Basilio Randazzo; Maria Messina; Matteo Zarantoniello; Elisabetta Giorgini; Andrea Zimbelli; Leonardo Bruni; Giuliana Parisi; Ike Olivotto; Francesca Tulli. Effects of Graded Dietary Inclusion Level of Full-Fat Hermetia illucens Prepupae Meal in Practical Diets for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animals 2019, 9, 251 .
AMA StyleGloriana Cardinaletti, Basilio Randazzo, Maria Messina, Matteo Zarantoniello, Elisabetta Giorgini, Andrea Zimbelli, Leonardo Bruni, Giuliana Parisi, Ike Olivotto, Francesca Tulli. Effects of Graded Dietary Inclusion Level of Full-Fat Hermetia illucens Prepupae Meal in Practical Diets for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animals. 2019; 9 (5):251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGloriana Cardinaletti; Basilio Randazzo; Maria Messina; Matteo Zarantoniello; Elisabetta Giorgini; Andrea Zimbelli; Leonardo Bruni; Giuliana Parisi; Ike Olivotto; Francesca Tulli. 2019. "Effects of Graded Dietary Inclusion Level of Full-Fat Hermetia illucens Prepupae Meal in Practical Diets for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Animals 9, no. 5: 251.
To evaluate the effects of feeding a Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal on the different intestinal traits of hens, and to determine the toxic elements' concentration in the insect meal and diets, 162 hens were randomly allotted to three groups. The control received a corn-soybean meal-based diet (SBM); the HI25 and HI50 groups received two diets in which the 25% and 50% of the dietary protein were replaced by the HI protein, respectively. The duodenal and jejunal villi height and villi/crypt were higher (p < 0.01) in the SBM than in the HI groups. The ileal villi height was higher (p < 0.05) in the SBM and HI25 groups than the HI50. The HI50 group exhibited a lower duodenal maltase activity. The intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity linearly decreased in the duodenum and jejunum as the dietary insect meal inclusion increased. The HI50 group had a higher acetate and butyrate level than the SBM. The levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in the diets and insect meal were lower than the maximum values established by the EU Commission. The 25% soybean protein replacement with Hermetia illucens larvae meal in the diet of laying hens was more suitable and closer to the optimal level than 50%.
Giuseppe Moniello; Andrea Ariano; Valentina Panettieri; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto; Maria Messina; Basilio Randazzo; Lorella Severino; Giovanni Piccolo; Nadia Musco; Nicola Francesco Addeo; Georges Hassoun; Fulvia Bovera. Intestinal Morphometry, Enzymatic and Microbial Activity in Laying Hens Fed Different Levels of a Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal and Toxic Elements Content of the Insect Meal and Diets. Animals 2019, 9, 86 .
AMA StyleGiuseppe Moniello, Andrea Ariano, Valentina Panettieri, Francesca Tulli, Ike Olivotto, Maria Messina, Basilio Randazzo, Lorella Severino, Giovanni Piccolo, Nadia Musco, Nicola Francesco Addeo, Georges Hassoun, Fulvia Bovera. Intestinal Morphometry, Enzymatic and Microbial Activity in Laying Hens Fed Different Levels of a Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal and Toxic Elements Content of the Insect Meal and Diets. Animals. 2019; 9 (3):86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Moniello; Andrea Ariano; Valentina Panettieri; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto; Maria Messina; Basilio Randazzo; Lorella Severino; Giovanni Piccolo; Nadia Musco; Nicola Francesco Addeo; Georges Hassoun; Fulvia Bovera. 2019. "Intestinal Morphometry, Enzymatic and Microbial Activity in Laying Hens Fed Different Levels of a Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal and Toxic Elements Content of the Insect Meal and Diets." Animals 9, no. 3: 86.
Due to minimal environmental impact, compared to most conventional feed commodities, insects deserve a growing attention as candidate ingredients for aquafeeds. This study tested, for the first time during zebrafish larval rearing, the effects of an increasing replacement (0%–25%–50%) of fish meal by black soldier fly (BSF) full-fat prepupae meal. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic. A multidisciplinary approach, including biometrics, histology, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and molecular analyses, was applied to better understand the biological responses of larval zebrafish to the different partial inclusions of BSF in the feed. Generally, results are promising, but a 50% of BSF meal inclusion in the diet affected both lipid composition and accumulation in the larvae.
Matteo Zarantoniello; Leonardo Bruni; Basilio Randazzo; Arturo Vargas; Giorgia Gioacchini; Cristina Truzzi; Anna Annibaldi; Paola Riolo; Giuliana Parisi; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto. Partial Dietary Inclusion of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Full-Fat Prepupae in Zebrafish Feed: Biometric, Histological, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications. Zebrafish 2018, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleMatteo Zarantoniello, Leonardo Bruni, Basilio Randazzo, Arturo Vargas, Giorgia Gioacchini, Cristina Truzzi, Anna Annibaldi, Paola Riolo, Giuliana Parisi, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Francesca Tulli, Ike Olivotto. Partial Dietary Inclusion of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Full-Fat Prepupae in Zebrafish Feed: Biometric, Histological, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications. Zebrafish. 2018; 15 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Zarantoniello; Leonardo Bruni; Basilio Randazzo; Arturo Vargas; Giorgia Gioacchini; Cristina Truzzi; Anna Annibaldi; Paola Riolo; Giuliana Parisi; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto. 2018. "Partial Dietary Inclusion of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Full-Fat Prepupae in Zebrafish Feed: Biometric, Histological, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications." Zebrafish 15, no. 5: 1.
A desirable goal of the aquaculture sector is to replace most of fish meal and fish oil with more sustainable, cost-effective, and environmental friendly ingredients ensuring fish health and welfare standards. Due to minimal environmental impact, compared with most conventional feed commodities, insects deserve a growing attention as candidate ingredients for aquafeeds. The present study investigated, for the first time, the possible application of a 100% insect diet in zebrafish larval rearing. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the major biological responses of fish to the new diets were assessed. Results of biometry, fatty acid composition, expression of genes involved in fish growth, stress response, lipid metabolism, chitinolytic activity, gut inflammation, and liver macromolecular composition suggested a possible application of insect larvae for zebrafish larval rearing. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the use of this insect species in the rearing of fish.
Arturo Vargas; Basilio Randazzo; Paola Riolo; Cristina Truzzi; Giorgia Gioacchini; Elisabetta Giorgini; Nino Loreto; Sara Ruschioni; Matteo Zarantoniello; Matteo Antonucci; Sara Polverini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Simona Sabbatini; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto. Rearing Zebrafish on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens): Biometric, Histological, Spectroscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications. Zebrafish 2018, 15, 404 -419.
AMA StyleArturo Vargas, Basilio Randazzo, Paola Riolo, Cristina Truzzi, Giorgia Gioacchini, Elisabetta Giorgini, Nino Loreto, Sara Ruschioni, Matteo Zarantoniello, Matteo Antonucci, Sara Polverini, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Simona Sabbatini, Francesca Tulli, Ike Olivotto. Rearing Zebrafish on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens): Biometric, Histological, Spectroscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications. Zebrafish. 2018; 15 (4):404-419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArturo Vargas; Basilio Randazzo; Paola Riolo; Cristina Truzzi; Giorgia Gioacchini; Elisabetta Giorgini; Nino Loreto; Sara Ruschioni; Matteo Zarantoniello; Matteo Antonucci; Sara Polverini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Simona Sabbatini; Francesca Tulli; Ike Olivotto. 2018. "Rearing Zebrafish on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens): Biometric, Histological, Spectroscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications." Zebrafish 15, no. 4: 404-419.
Tiziana Bongiorno; Francesca Tulli; Giuseppe Comi; Alessandro Sensidoni; Debbie Andyanto; Lucilla Iacumin. Sous vide cook-chill mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): evaluation of chemical, microbiological and sensory quality during chilled storage (3 °C). LWT - Food Science and Technology 2018, 91, 117 -124.
AMA StyleTiziana Bongiorno, Francesca Tulli, Giuseppe Comi, Alessandro Sensidoni, Debbie Andyanto, Lucilla Iacumin. Sous vide cook-chill mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): evaluation of chemical, microbiological and sensory quality during chilled storage (3 °C). LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2018; 91 ():117-124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiziana Bongiorno; Francesca Tulli; Giuseppe Comi; Alessandro Sensidoni; Debbie Andyanto; Lucilla Iacumin. 2018. "Sous vide cook-chill mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): evaluation of chemical, microbiological and sensory quality during chilled storage (3 °C)." LWT - Food Science and Technology 91, no. : 117-124.
This research investigated the ileum morphometry and enzymatic activity, the caecal volatile fatty acid production and the apparent nutrient digestibility in laying hens fed a Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HILM) as a complete replacement of diet soybean meal (SBM). The hens fed HILM exhibited a lower live weight (P < 0.05) and a higher incidence of the full digestive tract (P < 0.05) than the SBM group. In the duodenum, the maltase exhibited a higher (P < 0.05) activity in the HILM group while the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) had a higher (P < 0.05) activity in the SBM group. In the ileum, the maltase and saccarase had a higher activity in the HILM hens (P ≤ 0.01) while the IAP and ɤ glutamil transferase had a higher activity in the SBM group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The HILM group showed a higher (P < 0.05) villi height in the duodenum, while the opposite happened in the jejunum and the ileum. Only in the ileum the crypt depth resulted higher (P < 0.05) in the HIML group than in the SBM. The higher production of acetate (P < 0.05) and butyrate (P < 0.01) affected the total production of volatile fatty acids of the HILM group. The coefficient of apparent digestibility of dry and organic matter as well as of crude protein was higher (P < 0.05) in SBM group. The total replacement of SBM with HILM in laying hens diet from 24 to 45 weeks of age resulted in a higher caecal production of butyric acid while the enzymatic activities of brush border membrane were partially reduced.
Monica Isabella Cutrignelli; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Basilio Randazzo; Ike Olivotto; Laura Gasco; Rosa Loponte; Fulvia Bovera. Evaluation of an insect meal of the Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens ) as soybean substitute: Intestinal morphometry, enzymatic and microbial activity in laying hens. Research in Veterinary Science 2018, 117, 209 -215.
AMA StyleMonica Isabella Cutrignelli, Maria Messina, Francesca Tulli, Basilio Randazzo, Ike Olivotto, Laura Gasco, Rosa Loponte, Fulvia Bovera. Evaluation of an insect meal of the Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens ) as soybean substitute: Intestinal morphometry, enzymatic and microbial activity in laying hens. Research in Veterinary Science. 2018; 117 ():209-215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonica Isabella Cutrignelli; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Basilio Randazzo; Ike Olivotto; Laura Gasco; Rosa Loponte; Fulvia Bovera. 2018. "Evaluation of an insect meal of the Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens ) as soybean substitute: Intestinal morphometry, enzymatic and microbial activity in laying hens." Research in Veterinary Science 117, no. : 209-215.
The aim of this study was to evaluate nutrient digestibility, growth response, carcass and fillet yields, muscle\ud tissue composition and skin colour appearance of European sea bass (D. labrax) fed graded levels of a mixture of\ud Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica freeze-dried biomass in partial substitution for fish meal and oil in diets\ud containing substantial levels of vegetable oils and protein-rich derivatives. Five complete diets were formulated\ud to be grossly isoproteic and isolipidic and prepared by including a blend of the two freeze-dried microalgae\ud biomass in a 2:1 weight ratio, to replace approximately 15, 30 and 45% fish meal protein and 12, 24 and 36%\ud fish lipid of a positive control diet. A negative control complete feed high in soybean meal was also prepared.\ud Each diet was offered in triplicate, during 105 days until visual satiety of fish (204 ± 12.7 g) kept in a semiclosed\ud recirculating marine water system ensuring optimal water quality to E. sea bass.\ud The results of the study have shown that replacing about 45% crude protein and 36% lipid from fish meal and\ud lipid by a mixture of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica dried biomass, did not adversely affect growth\ud performance and feed conversion efficiency of European sea bass. A slight decline in dry matter, protein and\ud energy digestibility occurred in response to graded levels of dietary microalgae biomass, which was compensated\ud by increased feed intake. Moreover, the diet including the dried microalgae resulted in a higher nutritive value\ud than that of the negative high-soybean meal control feed. No major changes were observed in biometry traits and\ud slaughter yield while the nutritional properties of the edible muscle tissue were little affected in terms of n-3\ud PUFA. The presence of the dried microalgae in the diet resulted in a greenish pigmentation of the skin, with a\ud slight tendency towards redness and diminished lightness and hue. Overall the results obtained here reveal a\ud potential improvement in sustainability in terms of reduced reliance on halieutic feed resources in case of the\ud microalgae-containing diets. Hence the sustainable use of the dried mixture of the 2 marine microalgae biomass\ud as feed ingredients in diets for the E. sea bass seems to be mainly limited by the low availability and unaffordable\ud market price which are both expected to improve over the next 10 years
G. Cardinaletti; Maria Messina; M. Bruno; Francesca Tulli; B.M. Poli; G. Giorgi; G. Chini-Zittelli; M. Tredici; E. Tibaldi. Effects of graded levels of a blend of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica dried biomass on growth and muscle tissue composition of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) fed diets low in fish meal and oil. Aquaculture 2018, 485, 173 -182.
AMA StyleG. Cardinaletti, Maria Messina, M. Bruno, Francesca Tulli, B.M. Poli, G. Giorgi, G. Chini-Zittelli, M. Tredici, E. Tibaldi. Effects of graded levels of a blend of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica dried biomass on growth and muscle tissue composition of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) fed diets low in fish meal and oil. Aquaculture. 2018; 485 ():173-182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Cardinaletti; Maria Messina; M. Bruno; Francesca Tulli; B.M. Poli; G. Giorgi; G. Chini-Zittelli; M. Tredici; E. Tibaldi. 2018. "Effects of graded levels of a blend of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica dried biomass on growth and muscle tissue composition of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) fed diets low in fish meal and oil." Aquaculture 485, no. : 173-182.