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Prof. Dr. Ike Olivotto
Università Politecnica delle Marche

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0 fish physiology
0 Fish Nutrition
0 Fish reproduction
0 insect meal
0 alternative protein sources

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insect meal
Fish reproduction
Fish Nutrition
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alternative protein sources

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Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Animals
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By answering the need for increasing sustainability in aquaculture, the present study aimed to compare growth, gene expression involved in appetite regulation, physical characteristics, and chemical composition of Sparus aurata fed alternative protein sources. Fish were fed ten iso-proteic, iso-lipidic, and isoenergetic diets: a vegetable-based (CV) and a marine ingredient-rich (CF) diet were set as control diets. The others were prepared by replacing graded levels (10, 20 or 40%) of the vegetable proteins in the CV with proteins from a commercial defatted Hermetia illucens pupae meal (H), poultry by-product meal (PBM) singly (H10, H20, H40, P20, P40) or in combination (H10P30), red swamp crayfish meal (RC10) and from a blend (2:1, w:w) of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica (MA10) dried biomasses. The increase in ghre gene expression observed in MA10 fed fish matched with increased feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio. Besides, the MA10 diet conferred a lighter aspect to the fish skin (p< 0.05) than the others. Overall, no detrimental effects of H, PBM, and RC meal included in the diets were observed, and fish fatty acid profile resulted as comparable among these groups and CV, thus demonstrating the possibility to introduce H, PBM, and RC in partial replacement of vegetable proteins in the diet for Sparus aurata.

ACS Style

Lina Pulido-Rodriguez; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Giulia Secci; Basilio Randazzo; Leonardo Bruni; Roberto Cerri; Ike Olivotto; Emilio Tibaldi; Giuliana Parisi. Appetite Regulation, Growth Performances and Fish Quality Are Modulated by Alternative Dietary Protein Ingredients in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Culture. Animals 2021, 11, 1919 .

AMA Style

Lina Pulido-Rodriguez, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Giulia Secci, Basilio Randazzo, Leonardo Bruni, Roberto Cerri, Ike Olivotto, Emilio Tibaldi, Giuliana Parisi. Appetite Regulation, Growth Performances and Fish Quality Are Modulated by Alternative Dietary Protein Ingredients in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Culture. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Pulido-Rodriguez; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Giulia Secci; Basilio Randazzo; Leonardo Bruni; Roberto Cerri; Ike Olivotto; Emilio Tibaldi; Giuliana Parisi. 2021. "Appetite Regulation, Growth Performances and Fish Quality Are Modulated by Alternative Dietary Protein Ingredients in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Culture." Animals 11, no. 7: 1919.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Sustainability
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The effects of replacement of maize grain with ancient wheat by-products on intestinal morphometry and enzymatic activity in laying hens was studied. Eighty hens were divided into two groups (40 each, 8 replicates, 5 hens/replicate) fed two isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. In the treated group, part of the maize was replaced by a mix of ancient grains (AGs) middling, in a 50:50 ratio of Triticum aestivum L. var. spelta (spelt) and Triticum durum dicoccum L. (emmer wheat). The AG diet affected the weight of all the large intestine tracts, decreasing the weight of caeca (p< 0.01) and increasing those of colon (p< 0.01), rectum and cloaca (p< 0.05). Villus height in the AG group was higher (p< 0.01) than the control for the duodenum and jejunum, while for the ileum, the control group showed the highest values (p< 0.01). The submucosa thickness was higher (p< 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum, while the jejunum for the AG group showed the highest (p< 0.05) submucosa thickness. The crypts depth was higher (p< 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum. Enzyme activity was enhanced by AGs (p< 0.01) in the duodenum. Regarding the jejunum, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase had higher activity (p< 0.05 and p< 0.01, respectively) in the AG group. In the ileum, sucrase-isomaltase showed higher activity (p< 0.01) in the control group, while alkaline phosphatase showed the highest values (p< 0.05) in the AG group. Overall, results suggested that the dietary inclusion of AGs exerted positive effects in hens, showing an improved intestinal function.

ACS Style

Nicola Addeo; Basilio Randazzo; Ike Olivotto; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Nadia Musco; Giovanni Piccolo; Antonino Nizza; Carmelo Di Meo; Fulvia Bovera. Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6554 .

AMA Style

Nicola Addeo, Basilio Randazzo, Ike Olivotto, Maria Messina, Francesca Tulli, Nadia Musco, Giovanni Piccolo, Antonino Nizza, Carmelo Di Meo, Fulvia Bovera. Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicola Addeo; Basilio Randazzo; Ike Olivotto; Maria Messina; Francesca Tulli; Nadia Musco; Giovanni Piccolo; Antonino Nizza; Carmelo Di Meo; Fulvia Bovera. 2021. "Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6554.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Sustainability of aquaculture is tied to the origin of feed ingredients. In search of sustainable fish meal-free formulations for rainbow trout, we evaluated the effect of Hermetia illucens meal (H) and poultry by-product meal (P), singly (10, 30, and 60% of either H or P) or in combination (10% H + 50% P, H10P50), as partial replacement of vegetable protein (VM) on gut microbiota (GM), inflammatory, and immune biomarkers. Fish fed the mixture H10P50 had the best growth performance. H, P, and especially the combination H10P50 partially restored α-diversity that was negatively affected by VM. Diets did not differ in the Firmicutes:Proteobacteria ratio, although the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was reduced in H and was higher in P and in the fishmeal control. H had higher relative abundance of chitin-degrading Actinomyces and Bacillus, Dorea, and Enterococcus. Actinomyces was also higher in H feed, suggesting feed-chain microbiome transmission. P increased the relative abundance of protein degraders Paeniclostridium and Bacteroidales. IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, COX-2, and TCR-β gene expression in the midgut and head kidney and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed that the diets did not compromise the gut barrier function or induce inflammation. H, P, and H10P50 therefore appear valid protein sources in fishmeal-free aquafeeds.

ACS Style

Giulia Gaudioso; Giulia Marzorati; Filippo Faccenda; Tobias Weil; Fernando Lunelli; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Giovanna Marino; Ike Olivotto; Giuliana Parisi; Emilio Tibaldi; Kieran Tuohy; Francesca Fava. Processed Animal Proteins from Insect and Poultry By-Products in a Fish Meal-Free Diet for Rainbow Trout: Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 5454 .

AMA Style

Giulia Gaudioso, Giulia Marzorati, Filippo Faccenda, Tobias Weil, Fernando Lunelli, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Giovanna Marino, Ike Olivotto, Giuliana Parisi, Emilio Tibaldi, Kieran Tuohy, Francesca Fava. Processed Animal Proteins from Insect and Poultry By-Products in a Fish Meal-Free Diet for Rainbow Trout: Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (11):5454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Gaudioso; Giulia Marzorati; Filippo Faccenda; Tobias Weil; Fernando Lunelli; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Giovanna Marino; Ike Olivotto; Giuliana Parisi; Emilio Tibaldi; Kieran Tuohy; Francesca Fava. 2021. "Processed Animal Proteins from Insect and Poultry By-Products in a Fish Meal-Free Diet for Rainbow Trout: Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5454.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
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A major challenge for development of sustainable aquafeeds is its dependence on fish meal and fish oil. Replacement with more sustainable, nutritious and safe ingredients is now a priority. Over the last years, among several alternatives proposed, insects have received great attention as possible candidates. In particular, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) represents a concrete example of how the circular economy concept can be applied to fish culture, providing a valuable biomass rich in fat and protein valorising organic by-products. In the last decade, several studies have been published about the use of different BSF dietary inclusion levels for various fish species including experimental models. Varying and encouraging results have been obtained in this research field using a plethora of laboratory methodological approaches that can be applied and coupled to obtain a comprehensive view of the BSF-based diets effects on fish physiology, health, and quality. The present review aims to explore some of the most promising laboratory approaches like histology, infrared spectroscopy, gut microbiome sequencing, molecular biology, fish fillets’ physico-chemical and sensory properties, essential for a better understanding of fish welfare and fillet quality, when BSF is used as aquafeed ingredient. In particular, great importance has been given to European finfish species and experimental models.

ACS Style

M. Zarantoniello; B. Randazzo; G. Secci; V. Notarstefano; E. Giorgini; E.J. Lock; G. Parisi; I. Olivotto. Application of laboratory methods for understanding fish responses to black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) based diets. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2021, 1 -24.

AMA Style

M. Zarantoniello, B. Randazzo, G. Secci, V. Notarstefano, E. Giorgini, E.J. Lock, G. Parisi, I. Olivotto. Application of laboratory methods for understanding fish responses to black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) based diets. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2021; ():1-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Zarantoniello; B. Randazzo; G. Secci; V. Notarstefano; E. Giorgini; E.J. Lock; G. Parisi; I. Olivotto. 2021. "Application of laboratory methods for understanding fish responses to black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) based diets." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed , no. : 1-24.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Animals
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Insects represent a valuable and sustainable alternative ingredient for aquafeed formulation. However, insect-based diets have often highlighted controversial results in different fish species, especially when high inclusion levels were used. Several studies have demonstrated that nutritional programming through parental feeding may allow the production of fish better adapted to use sub-optimal aquafeed ingredients. To date, this approach has never been explored on insect-based diets. In the present study, five experimental diets characterized by increasing fish meal substitution levels with full-fat Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) prepupae meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were used to investigate the effects of programming via broodstock nutrition on F1 zebrafish larvae development. The responses of offspring were assayed through biometric, gas chromatographic, histological, and molecular analyses. The results evidenced that the same BSF-based diets provided to adults were able to affect F1 zebrafish larvae fatty acid composition without impairing growth performances, hepatic lipid accumulation and gut health. Groups challenged with higher BSF inclusion with respect to fish meal (50%, 75% and 100%) showed a significant downregulation of stress response markers and a positive modulation of inflammatory cytokines gene expression. The present study evidences that nutritional programming through parental feeding may make it possible to extend the fish meal substitution level with BSF prepupae meal in the diet up to almost 100% without incurring the well-known negative side effects of BSF-based diets.

ACS Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Cristina Truzzi; Giulia Chemello; Paola Riolo; Ike Olivotto. Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets across Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Generations: A Multidisciplinary Study on the Larval Phase. Animals 2021, 11, 751 .

AMA Style

Matteo Zarantoniello, Basilio Randazzo, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Cristina Truzzi, Giulia Chemello, Paola Riolo, Ike Olivotto. Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets across Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Generations: A Multidisciplinary Study on the Larval Phase. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Cristina Truzzi; Giulia Chemello; Paola Riolo; Ike Olivotto. 2021. "Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets across Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Generations: A Multidisciplinary Study on the Larval Phase." Animals 11, no. 3: 751.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Animals
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The attempt to replace marine-derived ingredients for aquafeed formulation with plant-derived ones has met some limitations due to their negative side effects on many fish species. In this context, finding new, sustainable ingredients able to promote fish welfare is currently under exploration. In the present study, poultry by-products and Hermetia illucens meal were used to replace the vegetable protein fraction in diets totally deprived of fish meal intended for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). After a 12-week feeding trial, a multidisciplinary approach including histological, molecular, and spectroscopic techniques was adopted to investigate intestine and liver responses to the different dietary formulations. Regardless of the alternative ingredient used, the reduction in dietary vegetable proteins resulted in a lower incidence of intestine histological alterations and inflammatory responses. In addition, the dietary inclusion of insect meal positively affected the reduction in the molecular inflammatory markers analyzed. Spectroscopic analyses showed that poultry by-product meal improved lipid absorption in the intestine, while insect meal induced increased liver lipid deposition in fish. The results obtained demonstrated that both poultry by-products and H. illucens meal can successfully be used to replace plant-derived ingredients in diets for gilthead seabream, promoting healthy aquaculture.

ACS Style

Basilio Randazzo; Matteo Zarantoniello; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Roberto Cerri; Elisabetta Giorgini; Alessia Belloni; Michela Contò; Emilio Tibaldi; Ike Olivotto. Hermetia illucens and Poultry by-Product Meals as Alternatives to Plant Protein Sources in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Diet: A Multidisciplinary Study on Fish Gut Status. Animals 2021, 11, 677 .

AMA Style

Basilio Randazzo, Matteo Zarantoniello, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Roberto Cerri, Elisabetta Giorgini, Alessia Belloni, Michela Contò, Emilio Tibaldi, Ike Olivotto. Hermetia illucens and Poultry by-Product Meals as Alternatives to Plant Protein Sources in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Diet: A Multidisciplinary Study on Fish Gut Status. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basilio Randazzo; Matteo Zarantoniello; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Roberto Cerri; Elisabetta Giorgini; Alessia Belloni; Michela Contò; Emilio Tibaldi; Ike Olivotto. 2021. "Hermetia illucens and Poultry by-Product Meals as Alternatives to Plant Protein Sources in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Diet: A Multidisciplinary Study on Fish Gut Status." Animals 11, no. 3: 677.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Aquaculture
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In the last decades, processed animal proteins, such as poultry by-product meal (PBM) and insect meals have received great attention as sustainable and nutritious aquafeed ingredients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate growth performances, liver and gut histology, macromolecular composition and inflammatory response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets deprived of fish meal, where graded levels of vegetable protein-rich ingredients, were replaced by defatted Hermetia illucens pupae meal (HM) or PBM, singly or in combination. To this end eight grossly iso‐proteic (45% DM), isolipidic (26% DM) and isoenergetic (23.5 MJ/kg DM) were offered each to triplicated groups of juveniles' fish in a 91 days feeding trial. A diet rich in vegetable protein derivatives high in soybean meal (CV) was prepared to have a 10:90 and 20:80 fish to vegetable protein and lipid ratios respectively. By contrast, a fish-based diet (CF) was formulated with opposite fish to vegetable protein and lipid ratios. Six more diets, were obtained by replacing graded levels of protein (10, 30 and 60%) of diet CV, by protein from a defatted Hermetia illucens pupae meal and/or poultry by-product meal, singly or combined, while maintaining the same vegetable to fish lipid ratio as in the CV diet. Relative to diets CV and CF, a medium to high substitution (30 and 60%) of dietary vegetable protein-rich ingredients, with HM and/or PBM resulted in improved growth performance as well as in a minor incidence of distal intestine morphological alterations. The diet including both the test animal proteins led to nearly the best overall response in terms of growth and gut/liver health. Both HM and PBM when included at moderate or high levels in the diet, resulted in a downregulation of the expression of inflammatory-related genes relative to diet CV. This effect was greater with HM than that observed with PBM and goes beyond the parallel reduction of vegetable protein and SBM levels in the same diets, suggesting a beneficial role of insect meal that warrant further investigation. The results obtained so far, provide support to a reliable use of alternative/underexploited protein and lipid sources [(HM) or (PBM)] in developing a new generation of sustainable and healthy trout diets that meet the circular economy principles.

ACS Style

Basilio Randazzo; Matteo Zarantoniello; Giorgia Gioacchini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Alessia Belloni; Elisabetta Giorgini; Filippo Faccenda; Roberto Cerri; Emilio Tibaldi; Ike Olivotto. Physiological response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to graded levels of Hermetia illucens or poultry by-product meals as single or combined substitute ingredients to dietary plant proteins. Aquaculture 2021, 538, 736550 .

AMA Style

Basilio Randazzo, Matteo Zarantoniello, Giorgia Gioacchini, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Alessia Belloni, Elisabetta Giorgini, Filippo Faccenda, Roberto Cerri, Emilio Tibaldi, Ike Olivotto. Physiological response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to graded levels of Hermetia illucens or poultry by-product meals as single or combined substitute ingredients to dietary plant proteins. Aquaculture. 2021; 538 ():736550.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basilio Randazzo; Matteo Zarantoniello; Giorgia Gioacchini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Alessia Belloni; Elisabetta Giorgini; Filippo Faccenda; Roberto Cerri; Emilio Tibaldi; Ike Olivotto. 2021. "Physiological response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to graded levels of Hermetia illucens or poultry by-product meals as single or combined substitute ingredients to dietary plant proteins." Aquaculture 538, no. : 736550.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Genes
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Hermetia illucens larvae are among the most promising insects for use as food or feed ingredients due to their ability to convert organic waste into biomass with high-quality proteins. In this novel food or feed source, the absence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, which could be horizontally transferred to animal or human pathogens through the food chain, must be guaranteed. This study was conducted to enhance the extremely scarce knowledge on the occurrence of AR genes conferring resistance to the main classes of antibiotics in a rearing chain of H. illucens larvae and how they were affected by rearing substrates based on coffee silverskin supplemented with increasing percentages of Schizochytrium limacinum or Isochrysis galbana microalgae. Overall, the PCR and nested PCR assays showed a high prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes. No significant effect of rearing substrates on the distribution of the AR genes in the H. illucens larvae was observed. In contrast, the frass samples were characterized by a significant accumulation of AR genes, and this phenomenon was particularly evident for the samples collected after rearing H. illucens larvae on substrates supplemented with high percentages (>20%) of I. galbana. The latter finding indicates potential safety concerns in reusing frass in agriculture.

ACS Style

Vesna Milanović; Andrea Roncolini; Federica Cardinali; Cristiana Garofalo; Lucia Aquilanti; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Lorenzo Corsi; Nunzio Isidoro; Matteo Zarantoniello; Ike Olivotto; Simone Ceccobelli; Stefano Tavoletti; Francesca Clementi; Andrea Osimani. Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Hermetia illucens Larvae Fed Coffee Silverskin Enriched with Schizochytrium limacinum or Isochrysis galbana Microalgae. Genes 2021, 12, 213 .

AMA Style

Vesna Milanović, Andrea Roncolini, Federica Cardinali, Cristiana Garofalo, Lucia Aquilanti, Paola Riolo, Sara Ruschioni, Lorenzo Corsi, Nunzio Isidoro, Matteo Zarantoniello, Ike Olivotto, Simone Ceccobelli, Stefano Tavoletti, Francesca Clementi, Andrea Osimani. Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Hermetia illucens Larvae Fed Coffee Silverskin Enriched with Schizochytrium limacinum or Isochrysis galbana Microalgae. Genes. 2021; 12 (2):213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vesna Milanović; Andrea Roncolini; Federica Cardinali; Cristiana Garofalo; Lucia Aquilanti; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Lorenzo Corsi; Nunzio Isidoro; Matteo Zarantoniello; Ike Olivotto; Simone Ceccobelli; Stefano Tavoletti; Francesca Clementi; Andrea Osimani. 2021. "Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Hermetia illucens Larvae Fed Coffee Silverskin Enriched with Schizochytrium limacinum or Isochrysis galbana Microalgae." Genes 12, no. 2: 213.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Over the last years, the potential use of Black Soldier Fly meal (BSF) as a new and sustainable aquafeed ingredient has been largely explored in several fish species. However, only fragmentary information is available about the use of BSF meal-based diets in sturgeon nutrition. In consideration of a circular economy concept and a more sustainable aquaculture development, the present research represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study on the physiological effects of a BSF diet during sturgeon culture in an aquaponic system. Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles were fed over a 60-days feeding trial on a control diet (Hi0) and a diet containing 50% of full-fat BSF meal respect to fish meal (Hi50). Physiological responses of fish were investigated using several analytical approaches, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, histology, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), microbiome sequencing and Real-time PCR. While aquaponic systems performed optimally during the trial, Hi50 group fish showed lower diet acceptance that resulted in growth and survival reduction, a decrease in hepatic lipids and glycogen content (FTIR), a higher hepatic hsp70.1 gene expression and a worsening in gut histological morphometric parameters. The low feed acceptance showed by Hi50 group sturgeon highlighted the necessity to improve the palatability of BSF-based diet designed for sturgeon culture.

ACS Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Valentina Nozzi; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Lorenzo Freddi; Stefano Ratti; Federico Girolametti; Andrea Osimani; Valentina Notarstefano; Vesna Milanović; Paola Riolo; Nunzio Isidoro; Francesca Tulli; Giorgia Gioacchini; Ike Olivotto. Physiological responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles fed on full-fat insect-based diet in an aquaponic system. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Matteo Zarantoniello, Basilio Randazzo, Valentina Nozzi, Cristina Truzzi, Elisabetta Giorgini, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Lorenzo Freddi, Stefano Ratti, Federico Girolametti, Andrea Osimani, Valentina Notarstefano, Vesna Milanović, Paola Riolo, Nunzio Isidoro, Francesca Tulli, Giorgia Gioacchini, Ike Olivotto. Physiological responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles fed on full-fat insect-based diet in an aquaponic system. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Valentina Nozzi; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Lorenzo Freddi; Stefano Ratti; Federico Girolametti; Andrea Osimani; Valentina Notarstefano; Vesna Milanović; Paola Riolo; Nunzio Isidoro; Francesca Tulli; Giorgia Gioacchini; Ike Olivotto. 2021. "Physiological responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles fed on full-fat insect-based diet in an aquaponic system." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Animals
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The present study aimed to investigate the acute response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles exposed to temperature, salinity and ammonia stress. Radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate cortisol levels, whereas insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2), myostatin (mstn), heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr) gene expression was assessed trough Real-Time PCR. The presence and localization of IGF-I and HSP70 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In all the stress conditions, a significant increase in cortisol levels was observed reaching higher values in the thermic and chemical stress groups. Regarding fish growth markers, igf1 gene expression was significantly higher only in fish subjected to heat shock stress while, at 60 min, igf2 gene expression was significantly lower in all the stressed groups. Temperature and ammonia changes resulted in a higher mstn gene expression. Molecular analyses on stress response evidenced a time dependent increase in hsp70 gene expression, that was significantly higher at 60 min in fish exposed to heat shock and chemical stress. Furthermore, the same experimental groups were characterized by a significantly higher gr gene expression respect to the control one. Immunostaining for IGF-I and HSP70 antibodies was observed in skin, gills, liver, and digestive system of gilthead seabream juveniles.

ACS Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Martina Bortoletti; Ike Olivotto; Stefano Ratti; Carlo Poltronieri; Elena Negrato; Stefano Caberlotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study. Animals 2021, 11, 97 .

AMA Style

Matteo Zarantoniello, Martina Bortoletti, Ike Olivotto, Stefano Ratti, Carlo Poltronieri, Elena Negrato, Stefano Caberlotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto. Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Martina Bortoletti; Ike Olivotto; Stefano Ratti; Carlo Poltronieri; Elena Negrato; Stefano Caberlotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. 2021. "Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study." Animals 11, no. 1: 97.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Zebrafish
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Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered an alternative, emerging, and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed formulation. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, and no data are available on the effect of insect meal-based diets on fish reproduction. On this regard, zebrafish, with its relatively short life cycle, represents an ideal experimental model to explore this topic. In this study, female zebrafish were fed for 12 months on a control diet based on fish meal (FM) and fish oil and two experimental diets with full-fat BSF (Hermetia illucens) prepupae meal inclusion, to replace 25% and 50% of FM (BSF25 and BSF50). All diets were isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic. The effects of these two experimental diets on female's reproduction were investigated through a multidisciplinary approach, including the evaluation of growth, gonadosomatic index, spawned/fertilized eggs and hatching rate, adult female carcass and fertilized egg fatty acid composition, histological analysis of the ovary, spectroscopic macromolecular composition of class IV oocytes, and expression of genes involved in fish lipid metabolism in the liver. Results showed that while fish were perfectly able to cope with a 25% insect meal dietary inclusion, a 50% inclusion level caused the overexpression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, a general reduction in the number of spawned eggs, and differences in the frequency rate of previtellogenic oocytes, class III, IV, oocytes and postovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes, in the macromolecular composition of class IV oocytes, and in the fatty acid composition of the fertilized eggs, respect to control and 25% group.

ACS Style

Basilio Randazzo; Matteo Zarantoniello; Giorgia Gioacchini; Elisabetta Giorgini; Cristina Truzzi; Valentina Notarstefano; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Kieu Thi Huyen; Oliana Carnevali; Ike Olivotto. Can Insect-Based Diets Affect Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Reproduction? A Multidisciplinary Study. Zebrafish 2020, 17, 287 -304.

AMA Style

Basilio Randazzo, Matteo Zarantoniello, Giorgia Gioacchini, Elisabetta Giorgini, Cristina Truzzi, Valentina Notarstefano, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Kieu Thi Huyen, Oliana Carnevali, Ike Olivotto. Can Insect-Based Diets Affect Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Reproduction? A Multidisciplinary Study. Zebrafish. 2020; 17 (5):287-304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basilio Randazzo; Matteo Zarantoniello; Giorgia Gioacchini; Elisabetta Giorgini; Cristina Truzzi; Valentina Notarstefano; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Kieu Thi Huyen; Oliana Carnevali; Ike Olivotto. 2020. "Can Insect-Based Diets Affect Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Reproduction? A Multidisciplinary Study." Zebrafish 17, no. 5: 287-304.

Original research article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Frontiers in Marine Science
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The global trade in seahorses is increasing and new rearing techniques are currently available for a few species. One of the main bottlenecks in seahorse production is reproductive success, which is dependent upon the administration of high quality diets to breeders. However, little is known about the most adequate diets, on how they should be administered and on how they might affect newborn performance. In this study, three homogeneous groups of adult seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus were maintained in captivity. Each group was fed on one of the following diets since the onset of the breeding period: unenriched adult Artemia (diet A), unenriched adult Artemia and mysidaceans (diet AM) and mysidaceans (diet M). As a positive control, a wild pregnant male was used. The mixed diet AM provided the highest overall breeding success and reasonable fatty acid profiles, and better resembled newborn from a wild male. The use of mysidaceans solely (Diet M) provided the worse results in spite of the high DHA content. Significant differences were observed in newborn characteristics and fatty acid profiles among dietary groups and along the breeding season, especially in total n-3 HUFA and DHA. Monospecific diets including Artemia or mysidaceans very likely suffered nutritional deficiencies, which were reflected in morphological alterations of the muscle tissue (diet A) or abnormal early mortalities in newborn (diet M). Three progressive stages were identified along the whole breeding period: initial mixed capital-income period (100–120 days since the onset of the breeding period), followed by an inflection period (short transitional stage – income sources), and finally a long period characterized by the use of income sources and the progressive exhaustion of body reserves. Special attention should be deserved to the progressive changes in fatty acid profiles along the breeding season, resulting in a decrease in newborn performance. Considering the time required for a diet to be reflected in newborn, we recommend Hippocampus guttulatus breeders to be fed on a high quality diet for at least 3 months prior the breeding period.

ACS Style

Miquel Planas; Ike Olivotto; María Jesús González; Rosaria Laurà; Matteo Zarantoniello. A Multidisciplinary Experimental Study on the Effects of Breeders Diet on Newborn Seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus). Frontiers in Marine Science 2020, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Miquel Planas, Ike Olivotto, María Jesús González, Rosaria Laurà, Matteo Zarantoniello. A Multidisciplinary Experimental Study on the Effects of Breeders Diet on Newborn Seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus). Frontiers in Marine Science. 2020; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miquel Planas; Ike Olivotto; María Jesús González; Rosaria Laurà; Matteo Zarantoniello. 2020. "A Multidisciplinary Experimental Study on the Effects of Breeders Diet on Newborn Seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus)." Frontiers in Marine Science 7, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered as an alternative, emerging and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed production. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, while no studies are available on fish behavior in response to these new diets. The present work represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study aimed to investigate zebrafish physiological and behavioural responses to BSF-based diets. Five experimental diets characterized by increasing inclusion levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respect to fish meal) of full fat BSF prepupae meal were tested during a 2-months feeding trial. Prepupae were cultured on coffee silverskin growth substrate enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. to improve insects' fatty acids profile. The responses of zebrafish were assayed through biometric, histological, gas chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, molecular and behavioural analyses. Results evidenced that BSF-based diets affected fish fatty acid composition, while behavioural tests did not show differences among groups. Specifically, a 50% BSF inclusion level diet represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, higher lipid content, fatty acid modification and higher expression of immune response markers.

ACS Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Giorgia Gioacchini; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Paola Riolo; Giorgia Gioia; Cristiano Bertolucci; Andrea Osimani; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato; Vesna Milanović; Anna Annibaldi; Francesca Tulli; Valentina Notarstefano; Sara Ruschioni; Francesca Clementi; Ike Olivotto. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Matteo Zarantoniello, Basilio Randazzo, Giorgia Gioacchini, Cristina Truzzi, Elisabetta Giorgini, Paola Riolo, Giorgia Gioia, Cristiano Bertolucci, Andrea Osimani, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato, Vesna Milanović, Anna Annibaldi, Francesca Tulli, Valentina Notarstefano, Sara Ruschioni, Francesca Clementi, Ike Olivotto. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Basilio Randazzo; Giorgia Gioacchini; Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Paola Riolo; Giorgia Gioia; Cristiano Bertolucci; Andrea Osimani; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato; Vesna Milanović; Anna Annibaldi; Francesca Tulli; Valentina Notarstefano; Sara Ruschioni; Francesca Clementi; Ike Olivotto. 2020. "Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-16.

Preprint content
Published: 15 June 2020
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The global trade in seahorses is increasing and new rearing techniques are currently available for a few species. One of the main bottlenecks in seahorse production is reproduction success, which is dependent upon the administration of high quality diets to breeders. However, very little is known about the most adequate diets, on how they should be administered and on how they might affect newborn performance. In this study, three homogeneous groups of adult seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus were maintained in captivity. Each group was fed on one of the following diets since the onset of the breeding period: Unenriched adult Artemia (Diet A), unenriched adult Artemia and mysidaceans (Diet AM) and mysidaceans (Diet M). As a positive control we used a wild pregnant male. The mixed diet AM provided the highest overall breeding success and reasonable fatty acid profiles, and better resembled newborn from a wild male. The use of only mysidaceans (Diet M) provided the worse results in spite of the high DHA content. Significant differences were observed in newborn characteristics and fatty acid profiles among dietary groups and along the breeding season, especially in total n-3 HUFA and DHA. Monospecific diets including Artemia or mysidaceans very likely suffered nutritional deficiencies, which were reflected in morphological alterations of the muscle tissue (diet A) or abnormal early mortalities in newborn (diet M). Three progressive stages were identified along the whole breeding period: Initial mixed capital-income period (100 – 120 days since the onset of the breeding period), followed by an inflexion period (short transitional stage - income sources), and finally a long period characterized by the use of income sources and the progressive exhaustion of body reserves. Special attention should be deserved to the progressive changes in fatty acid profiles along the breeding season, resulting in a decrease in newborn performance. Considering the time required for a diet to be reflected in newborn, we recommend Hippocampus guttulatus breeders to be fed on a high quality diet for at least three months prior the breeding period.

ACS Style

Miquel Planas; Ike Olivotto; María Jesús González; Rosaria Laurá; Matteo Zarantoniello. A multidisciplinary experimental study on the effects of breeders diet on newborn seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Miquel Planas, Ike Olivotto, María Jesús González, Rosaria Laurá, Matteo Zarantoniello. A multidisciplinary experimental study on the effects of breeders diet on newborn seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miquel Planas; Ike Olivotto; María Jesús González; Rosaria Laurá; Matteo Zarantoniello. 2020. "A multidisciplinary experimental study on the effects of breeders diet on newborn seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI, Diptera, Stratiomydae) has great potential as a food and feed ingredient in the European Union (EU). The production of insects as livestock feed or as food ingredients requires strict monitoring of the content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the growth substrate, to meet the security requirements. This study aims to investigate the presence of PTEs, like cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and nickel, in HI prepupae and in their growth substrates based on coffee roasting by-product and microalgae Schizochytrium sp. and Isochrysis sp. Analyses were carried out via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Cd, Pb, Ni, and As, and via Direct Mercury Analyzer for Hg. All element concentrations found in growth substrates were below the legal limit of undesirable substances in animal feed (2002/32/EC). Elements concentrations in HI prepupae were in the range (mg kg−1 wet weight) of 0.072 to 0.084 for Cd, 0.018 to 0.026 for Pb, 0.010 to 0.032 for Hg, 0.036 to 0.047 for As, and 0.18 to 0.76 for Ni. Even if HI prepupae accumulated Cd, Pb, and Hg, our results indicated that the risk of exposure to PTEs from HI prepupae consumption is relatively low and in compliance with EU regulations.

ACS Style

Cristina Truzzi; Anna Annibaldi; Federico Girolametti; Leonardo Giovannini; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Ike Olivotto; Silvia Illuminati. A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2121 .

AMA Style

Cristina Truzzi, Anna Annibaldi, Federico Girolametti, Leonardo Giovannini, Paola Riolo, Sara Ruschioni, Ike Olivotto, Silvia Illuminati. A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (6):2121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Truzzi; Anna Annibaldi; Federico Girolametti; Leonardo Giovannini; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Ike Olivotto; Silvia Illuminati. 2020. "A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 2121.

Preprint
Published: 04 March 2020
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Among other species, Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens, HI, Diptera, Stratiomydae) has the great potential as food and feed ingredient in the EU, particularly thanks to its preference for organic waste as growth substrate. The production of insects as livestock feed or as food ingredient requires a strict monitoring of heavy metal content in the growth substrate in order to secure its safe. This study aims to investigate the presence of toxic metals cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and nickel in HI prepupae and their growth substrates based on coffee roasting by-product and microlagae Schizochytrium sp. and Isochrysis sp. Analyses were carried out via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Cd, Pb, Ni, and As, and via Direct Mercury Analyzer for Hg. All metal concentrations found in growth substrates were below the legal limit of undesirable substances in animal feed (2002/32/EC). Metals concentrations in HI prepupae were in the range (mg kg-1 wet weight): Cd 0.072–0.084, Pb 0.018–0.026, Hg 0.010–0.032, As 0.036–0.047, Ni 0.18–0.76. HI prepupae accumulate Cd, Pb and Hg, but our results indicate that the risk of exposure to metals from consumption of HI prepupae is relatively low and in compliance with European Union regulations.

ACS Style

Truzzi Cristina; Anna Annibaldi; Federico Girolametti; Leonardo Giovannini; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Ike Olivotto; Silvia Illuminati. A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Truzzi Cristina, Anna Annibaldi, Federico Girolametti, Leonardo Giovannini, Paola Riolo, Sara Ruschioni, Ike Olivotto, Silvia Illuminati. A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Truzzi Cristina; Anna Annibaldi; Federico Girolametti; Leonardo Giovannini; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Ike Olivotto; Silvia Illuminati. 2020. "A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2020 in Animals
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Recently, several studies have focused on the use of nutraceuticals and honey bee products to improve the welfare and sustainability of animal husbandry. Honey bee pollen is rich in bioactive substances, presenting a strong antioxidant activity with possible positive effects on growth performance and non-specific immune responses in reared fish. Despite its favorable characteristics, the addition of honey bee pollen to a meagre (Argyrosomus regius) diet in our trial resulted in a reduction of growth performances and diet digestibility, histological alterations of intestinal morphology, and high levels of biomolecular stress markers, probably due to its complex ultrastructure, which is indigestible for monogastric animals. These negative effects could be overcome by using bioactive component extraction methods and thus eliminating the indigestible fractions. Our results confirmed the general assumption that it should always be considered necessary to test nutraceutical additives of natural origin in a given species in order to verify the effective positive action and exclude any negative repercussions on animal health. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of honey bee pollen (HBP) in meagre (Argyrosoumus regius) juveniles’ diets on growth performance, diet digestibility, intestinal morphology, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, stress-related molecular markers and biochemical blood profile of fish were evaluated, together with mineral trace and toxic element concentration in pollen and diets. Specimens of meagre (360) of 3.34 ± 0.14 g initial body weight, were randomly allocated to twelve 500 L circular tanks (30 fish per tank). Four diets were formulated: a control diet and three experimental diets with 1%, 2.5%, and 4% of HBP inclusion. All the growth parameters and crude protein and ether extract digestibility coefficients were negatively linearly affected by increased HBP inclusion (p < 0.0001). Histology of medium intestine showed slight signs of alterations in group HPB1 and HPB2.5 compared to control. Fish from HBP4 group showed severe alterations at the intestinal mucosa level. Immunohistochemical detection of TNF-α in the medium intestine showed the presence of TNF-α+ cells in the lamina propria, which resulted in accordance with the increased level of the TNF-α protein detected by immunoblotting in the liver. This stress situation was confirmed by the increased hepatic level of HSP70 (p < 0.05) in fish fed the HBP4 diet and by the linear decrease of total serum protein levels in HBP-containing diets (p < 0.0001). These negative effects can be related to the ultrastructure of the bee pollen grain walls, which make the bioactive substances unavailable and can irritate the intestine of a carnivorous fish such as meagre.

ACS Style

Valentina Panettieri; Stavros Chatzifotis; Concetta Maria Messina; Ike Olivotto; Simona Manuguerra; Basilio Randazzo; Andrea Ariano; Fulvia Bovera; Andrea Santulli; Lorella Severino; Giovanni Piccolo. Honey Bee Pollen in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Juvenile Diets: Effects on Growth, Diet Digestibility, Intestinal Traits, and Biochemical Markers Related to Health and Stress. Animals 2020, 10, 231 .

AMA Style

Valentina Panettieri, Stavros Chatzifotis, Concetta Maria Messina, Ike Olivotto, Simona Manuguerra, Basilio Randazzo, Andrea Ariano, Fulvia Bovera, Andrea Santulli, Lorella Severino, Giovanni Piccolo. Honey Bee Pollen in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Juvenile Diets: Effects on Growth, Diet Digestibility, Intestinal Traits, and Biochemical Markers Related to Health and Stress. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valentina Panettieri; Stavros Chatzifotis; Concetta Maria Messina; Ike Olivotto; Simona Manuguerra; Basilio Randazzo; Andrea Ariano; Fulvia Bovera; Andrea Santulli; Lorella Severino; Giovanni Piccolo. 2020. "Honey Bee Pollen in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Juvenile Diets: Effects on Growth, Diet Digestibility, Intestinal Traits, and Biochemical Markers Related to Health and Stress." Animals 10, no. 2: 231.

Research article
Published: 10 December 2019 in PLoS ONE
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In the present research, bacterial diversity was studied during a 6-month feeding trial utilizing zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed Hermetia illucens reared on different substrates with an emphasis on fish gut bacterial diversity. A polyphasic approach based on viable counting, PCR-DGGE and metagenomic 16S rRNA gene amplicon target sequencing was applied. Two different H. illucens groups were reared on coffee by-products (C) or a mixture of vegetables (S). Viable counts showed a wide variability based on substrate. PCR-DGGE and Illumina sequencing allowed the major and minor bacterial taxa to be detected. Both samples of larvae and their frass reared on the S substrate showed the highest richness and evenness of bacterial communities, whereas zebrafish (ZHC) fed H. illucens reared on substrate C and zebrafish (ZHS) fed H. illucens reared on substrate S had the lowest bacterial richness and evenness. A stimulating effect of bioactive compounds from coffee by-products on the occurrence of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostoccaceae in H. illucens reared on substrate C has been hypothesized. Zebrafish gut samples originating from the two feeding trials showed complex microbial patterns in which Actinobacteria and Alteromonadales were always detected, irrespective of the diet used. Enterobacteriaceae in fish guts were more abundant in ZHS than in ZHC, thus suggesting an influence of the bioactive compounds (chlorogenic and caffeic acids) in the substrate on Enterobacteriaceae in fish guts. ZHC showed a higher abundance of Clostridia than did ZHS, which was likely explained by stimulating activity on the bacteria in this class by the bioactive compounds contained in H. illucens reared on substrate C. An influence of the microbiota of H. illucens or insect-derived bioactive compounds on the gut microbiota of zebrafish has been suggested. The presence of bacteria consistently associated with zebrafish guts has been found irrespective of the diet, thus attesting to the likely stability of the core fish microbiota.

ACS Style

Andrea Osimani; Vesna Milanović; Andrea Roncolini; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Nunzio Isidoro; Nino Loreto; Elena Franciosi; Kieran Tuohy; Ike Olivotto; Matteo Zarantoniello; Federica Cardinali; Cristiana Garofalo; Lucia Aquilanti; Francesca Clementi. Hermetia illucens in diets for zebrafish (Danio rerio): A study of bacterial diversity by using PCR-DGGE and metagenomic sequencing. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0225956 .

AMA Style

Andrea Osimani, Vesna Milanović, Andrea Roncolini, Paola Riolo, Sara Ruschioni, Nunzio Isidoro, Nino Loreto, Elena Franciosi, Kieran Tuohy, Ike Olivotto, Matteo Zarantoniello, Federica Cardinali, Cristiana Garofalo, Lucia Aquilanti, Francesca Clementi. Hermetia illucens in diets for zebrafish (Danio rerio): A study of bacterial diversity by using PCR-DGGE and metagenomic sequencing. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (12):e0225956.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Osimani; Vesna Milanović; Andrea Roncolini; Paola Riolo; Sara Ruschioni; Nunzio Isidoro; Nino Loreto; Elena Franciosi; Kieran Tuohy; Ike Olivotto; Matteo Zarantoniello; Federica Cardinali; Cristiana Garofalo; Lucia Aquilanti; Francesca Clementi. 2019. "Hermetia illucens in diets for zebrafish (Danio rerio): A study of bacterial diversity by using PCR-DGGE and metagenomic sequencing." PLoS ONE 14, no. 12: e0225956.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2019 in Aquaculture
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Promoting circularity in the aquaculture sector through the conversion of great amount of organic by-products produced on land is a valuable strategy for a further development of the aquaculture sector. In this regard, insects represent a very promising example of bio-converting organisms; their application in aquafeeds, however, still faces possible limitations because of their lack in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the presence of chitin. The aim of the present study was to apply circularity to Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) culture and to improve the insect's biomass fatty acid composition by culturing them on a land-produced by-product (coffee silverskin) enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. The insect biomass was then used to formulate five fish diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of insect meal respect to fish meal, respectively. Diets were used for a feeding trial during zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval development (21 days) and a multidisciplinary approach including biometry, histology, gas chromatography, spectroscopy (FTIR), microbiota analyses and molecular biology was applied to better understand fish responses to the new diets. Results showed that the 50% substitution of fish meal with insect meal represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed a severe degree of hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, a higher lipid content (FTIR), fatty acid modification and higher expression of both stress and immune response markers.

ACS Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Andrea Zimbelli; Basilio Randazzo; Martina Delli Compagni; Cristina Truzzi; Matteo Antonucci; Paola Riolo; Nino Loreto; Andrea Osimani; Vesna Milanović; Elisabetta Giorgini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Francesca Tulli; Renato Cipriani; Giorgia Gioacchini; Ike Olivotto. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production. Aquaculture 2019, 518, 734659 .

AMA Style

Matteo Zarantoniello, Andrea Zimbelli, Basilio Randazzo, Martina Delli Compagni, Cristina Truzzi, Matteo Antonucci, Paola Riolo, Nino Loreto, Andrea Osimani, Vesna Milanović, Elisabetta Giorgini, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Francesca Tulli, Renato Cipriani, Giorgia Gioacchini, Ike Olivotto. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production. Aquaculture. 2019; 518 ():734659.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Andrea Zimbelli; Basilio Randazzo; Martina Delli Compagni; Cristina Truzzi; Matteo Antonucci; Paola Riolo; Nino Loreto; Andrea Osimani; Vesna Milanović; Elisabetta Giorgini; Gloriana Cardinaletti; Francesca Tulli; Renato Cipriani; Giorgia Gioacchini; Ike Olivotto. 2019. "Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production." Aquaculture 518, no. : 734659.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2019 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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The aim of this work was to find alternative low-cost and environmentally friendly rearing substrates for the growth of Hermetia illucens (HI) (Diptera, Stratiomydae), used as feed. At this purpose, insect feeding substrates based on the re-use of coffee silverskin, the main waste product of the coffee-roasting industry, enriched with various percentages of microalgae (i.e., Schizochytrium sp. or Isochrysis sp.), were tested. The fatty acid profile, as well as the relative amount of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates (these latter calculated as ratio to the total biomass of the sample) of ingredients, insect feeding substrates and HI prepupae, were determined for the first-time coupling Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. A multivariate statistical analysis (Principal Component Analysis) was performed to better read into results. In general, the inclusion of microalgae caused in both feeding substrates and in HI prepupae an increase in the relative amount of lipids and proteins, improving their nutritional value. Higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly of omega-3, and good nutritional indices were detected in HI prepupae reared on substrates enriched with 10%, 20% or 25% of Schizochytrium sp. with respect to HI prepupae fed with coffee silverskin enriched with Isochrysis sp., suggesting them as new nutraceutical ingredients for future functional feed and food. In addition, the substrate enriched with a 10% inclusion level of Schizochytrium sp. has to be considered the most convenient one since a greater inclusion of microalgae did not promote additional benefits in terms of nutritional value of HI prepupae.

ACS Style

Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Anna Annibaldi; Matteo Antonucci; Silvia Illuminati; Giuseppe Scarponi; Paola Riolo; Nunzio Isidoro; Carla Conti; Matteo Zarantoniello; Renato Cipriani; Ike Olivotto. Fatty acids profile of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): Influence of feeding substrate based on coffee-waste silverskin enriched with microalgae. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2019, 259, 114309 .

AMA Style

Cristina Truzzi, Elisabetta Giorgini, Anna Annibaldi, Matteo Antonucci, Silvia Illuminati, Giuseppe Scarponi, Paola Riolo, Nunzio Isidoro, Carla Conti, Matteo Zarantoniello, Renato Cipriani, Ike Olivotto. Fatty acids profile of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): Influence of feeding substrate based on coffee-waste silverskin enriched with microalgae. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2019; 259 ():114309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Truzzi; Elisabetta Giorgini; Anna Annibaldi; Matteo Antonucci; Silvia Illuminati; Giuseppe Scarponi; Paola Riolo; Nunzio Isidoro; Carla Conti; Matteo Zarantoniello; Renato Cipriani; Ike Olivotto. 2019. "Fatty acids profile of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): Influence of feeding substrate based on coffee-waste silverskin enriched with microalgae." Animal Feed Science and Technology 259, no. : 114309.