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Prof. Marco Lezzerini
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa

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Short communication
Published: 21 May 2021 in Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy
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Archeological mortars are often composed of highly inhomogeneous materials and detailed analysis in most cases can be quite difficult. In this work, a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) equipment with microscopic-scale spatial resolution was used to image the distribution of elements on real archeological samples of mortars and construction material used in the foundations of the Smederevo Fortress (Republic of Serbia). A double-pulse Nd:YAG at the fundamental wavelength (λ = 1064 nm) and a CCD spectrometer coupled with a commercial microscope were used to generate the plasma and acquire the LIBS spectra. Thanks to the combined use of an unsupervised clustering algorithm and the calibration-free procedure, the results obtained show that it is possible to obtain a good discrimination between materials of different composition, allowing a quick classification for further mineral-petrographic investigations.

ACS Style

Sanja Živković; Asia Botto; Beatrice Campanella; Marco Lezzerini; Miloš Momčilović; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi; Francesco Poggialini; Stefano Legnaioli. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy elemental mapping of the construction material from the Smederevo Fortress (Republic of Serbia). Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 2021, 181, 106219 .

AMA Style

Sanja Živković, Asia Botto, Beatrice Campanella, Marco Lezzerini, Miloš Momčilović, Stefano Pagnotta, Vincenzo Palleschi, Francesco Poggialini, Stefano Legnaioli. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy elemental mapping of the construction material from the Smederevo Fortress (Republic of Serbia). Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 2021; 181 ():106219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanja Živković; Asia Botto; Beatrice Campanella; Marco Lezzerini; Miloš Momčilović; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi; Francesco Poggialini; Stefano Legnaioli. 2021. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy elemental mapping of the construction material from the Smederevo Fortress (Republic of Serbia)." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 181, no. : 106219.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Journal of Imaging
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Digital images represent the primary tool for diagnostics and documentation of the state of preservation of artifacts. Today the interpretive filters that allow one to characterize information and communicate it are extremely subjective. Our research goal is to study a quantitative analysis methodology to facilitate and semi-automate the recognition and polygonization of areas corresponding to the characteristics searched. To this end, several algorithms have been tested that allow for separating the characteristics and creating binary masks to be statistically analyzed and polygonized. Since our methodology aims to offer a conservator-restorer model to obtain useful graphic documentation in a short time that is usable for design and statistical purposes, this process has been implemented in a single Geographic Information Systems (GIS) application.

ACS Style

Annamaria Amura; Alessandro Aldini; Stefano Pagnotta; Emanuele Salerno; Anna Tonazzini; Paolo Triolo. Analysis of Diagnostic Images of Artworks and Feature Extraction: Design of a Methodology. Journal of Imaging 2021, 7, 53 .

AMA Style

Annamaria Amura, Alessandro Aldini, Stefano Pagnotta, Emanuele Salerno, Anna Tonazzini, Paolo Triolo. Analysis of Diagnostic Images of Artworks and Feature Extraction: Design of a Methodology. Journal of Imaging. 2021; 7 (3):53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Annamaria Amura; Alessandro Aldini; Stefano Pagnotta; Emanuele Salerno; Anna Tonazzini; Paolo Triolo. 2021. "Analysis of Diagnostic Images of Artworks and Feature Extraction: Design of a Methodology." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 3: 53.

Conference paper
Published: 16 December 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Marco Tamponi; Rea Aquino; Stefano Pagnotta; Marco Lezzerini. A fast and user-friendly software for quantitative chemical analysis through XRF. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 609, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Tamponi, Rea Aquino, Stefano Pagnotta, Marco Lezzerini. A fast and user-friendly software for quantitative chemical analysis through XRF. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 609 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Tamponi; Rea Aquino; Stefano Pagnotta; Marco Lezzerini. 2020. "A fast and user-friendly software for quantitative chemical analysis through XRF." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 609, no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 16 December 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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In the Monte Pisano area (north-western Tuscany, Italy) several limestones outcrop and some of them are carbonate-rich rocks that were used for air-hardening lime or hydraulic lime production. Since Roman times, carbonate rocks outcropping in the Monte Pisano area have been used for that purpose. Monte Pisano is a mountainous system of modest size that is part of the Tuscan Apennine, located in the north-western part of Tuscany, and it separates the two cities of Pisa and Lucca. As an obvious consequence of the presence of good source rocks useful for the production of lime, in the surroundings of Monte Pisano there was a great use of carbonate rocks for the production of aerial lime and hydraulic lime. In fact, the monumental buildings in the Middle Ages were built making extensive use of binding materials obtained by firing rocks belonging to formations of the Tuscan metamorphic sequence: the Monte Pisano marble and the Selciferous Limestone. Several famous monuments in Pisa's Miracle Square and in Lucca's historical centre were built by using air-hardening lime and hydraulic lime obtained by firing these rocks. The aim of this work is to characterize samples from the Monte Pisano quarries, where the aforementioned carbonate-rich stones were quarried to produce air-hardening lime and hydraulic lime, by mean of chemical, mineralogical and petrographic studies and by determining their physical and mechanical properties. These same properties will also be determined on handmade mortar samples made up of self-produced binders and normalised sand to evaluate the best uses, and the optimum time and temperature of stone firing.

ACS Style

Marco Lezzerini; Rea Aquino; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi. The Source Materials for Lime Production in the Monte Pisano Area (NW Tuscany, Italy). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 609, 012078 .

AMA Style

Marco Lezzerini, Rea Aquino, Stefano Legnaioli, Stefano Pagnotta, Vincenzo Palleschi. The Source Materials for Lime Production in the Monte Pisano Area (NW Tuscany, Italy). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 609 (1):012078.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Lezzerini; Rea Aquino; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2020. "The Source Materials for Lime Production in the Monte Pisano Area (NW Tuscany, Italy)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 609, no. 1: 012078.

Conference paper
Published: 16 December 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Andrea Aquino; Stefano Pagnotta; Simone Polese; Marco Tamponi; Marco Lezzerini. Panchina Calcarenite: A Building Material from Tuscany Coast. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 609, 1 .

AMA Style

Andrea Aquino, Stefano Pagnotta, Simone Polese, Marco Tamponi, Marco Lezzerini. Panchina Calcarenite: A Building Material from Tuscany Coast. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 609 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Aquino; Stefano Pagnotta; Simone Polese; Marco Tamponi; Marco Lezzerini. 2020. "Panchina Calcarenite: A Building Material from Tuscany Coast." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 609, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Ge-conservacion
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This work proposes a methodology of digital analysis of the state of conservation of a canvas painting to solve difficulties related to the pictorial reintegration of paintings that present an excessive number of different lacunae in terms of size and extent. The case study is related to the small-size oil on canvas painting executed by an unknown artist, where the lacunae were challenging to analyze and localize graphically. Therefore, it required a careful evaluation of the approach to be used during the pictorial reintegration intervention. Using an image analysis method, based on the semi-automatic extraction approach, the state of conservation’s graphic relief outlining different virtual operating proposals was obtained.

ACS Style

Annamaria Amura; Landi Luisa; Luigi Pisani; Maria Veronica Soro; Giorgia Zantedeschi; Stefano Pagnotta. Image analysis applied to the planning of a canvas painting restoration intervention. Ge-conservacion 2020, 18, 339 -346.

AMA Style

Annamaria Amura, Landi Luisa, Luigi Pisani, Maria Veronica Soro, Giorgia Zantedeschi, Stefano Pagnotta. Image analysis applied to the planning of a canvas painting restoration intervention. Ge-conservacion. 2020; 18 (1):339-346.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Annamaria Amura; Landi Luisa; Luigi Pisani; Maria Veronica Soro; Giorgia Zantedeschi; Stefano Pagnotta. 2020. "Image analysis applied to the planning of a canvas painting restoration intervention." Ge-conservacion 18, no. 1: 339-346.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Applied Geochemistry
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In the present study the stability of the phases pertaining to the Cu–Fe–S–O–H compositional system is investigated using the Eh-pH prevalence diagrams. Calculations were performed under the PHREEQC formalism, simultaneously accounting for all concurrent equilibria. Accordingly, point-to-point mass balance diagrams were realised, changing initial parameters to explore the dependence of the system on the temperature, and on the metal-to-sulfur ratio. Among the most relevant results, discussed in comparison with the previous existing literature mainly driven by calculation performed under the so-called line method approximation, the occurrence of large field of stability of the ternary species (and, among them, of delafossite, CuFeO2) and the net change of some boundaries in the stability fields of the binary species, due to competing equilibria. The results have been discussed on the light of the occurrence of these minerals in cuprous and ferrous mineralizations, and in the perspective of possible application in Corrosion Science.

ACS Style

Andrea Aquino; Marco Lezzerini; Andrea Giaccherini; Giordano Montegrossi; Francesco Di Benedetto. Thermochemical stability of delafossite and other relevant ternary phases in the Cu–Fe–S–O–H system. Applied Geochemistry 2020, 123, 104795 .

AMA Style

Andrea Aquino, Marco Lezzerini, Andrea Giaccherini, Giordano Montegrossi, Francesco Di Benedetto. Thermochemical stability of delafossite and other relevant ternary phases in the Cu–Fe–S–O–H system. Applied Geochemistry. 2020; 123 ():104795.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Aquino; Marco Lezzerini; Andrea Giaccherini; Giordano Montegrossi; Francesco Di Benedetto. 2020. "Thermochemical stability of delafossite and other relevant ternary phases in the Cu–Fe–S–O–H system." Applied Geochemistry 123, no. : 104795.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Water
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Southern Tuscany (Italy) is an important metallogenic district that hosts relevant S-polymetallic deposits that have intensely been exploited for centuries. Consequently, potential toxic elements, such as Hg and As, are widely distributed in the surrounding environment. In this paper, an extensive sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical study of two Late Quaternary sediment profiles, partially outcropping along the coast of southern Tuscany (Ansedonia area), was carried out to evaluate the contents and mobility of Hg and As with the aims to contribute to the definition of the geochemical baseline of southern Tuscany before the human intervention and evaluate the potential dispersion of these harmful elements. The sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical (major elements) features revealed that the studied profiles are mostly related to the local geological characteristics and the Quaternary geological history of the area. The concentrations and the normalized patterns of trace and rare earth elements highlighted the absence of any anthropogenic activity. This implies that the studied samples are to be regarded as good proxies for evaluating the geochemical baseline of southern Tuscany before the intense mining activity. The enrichment factors (EF) of most trace elements were indeed lower or close to 2, indicating a variability close to the average concentration of the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), while other elements slightly enriched, such as Pb, were in agreement with the natural baseline reported for southern Tuscany. Mercury and As displayed EF values >40 when compared to the average contents of UCC, although they decrease down to 4 when compared to the suggested baseline for southern Tuscany. The higher Hg and As contents detected in this study, inferred to natural sources, evidenced (i) the great natural variability occurring in largely mineralized areas and (ii) the importance of estimating reference environmental parameters in order to avoid misleading interpretations of the detected anomalies. Moreover, the results of leaching test on sediment samples denoted a relatively low mobility of Hg and As, suggesting that these elements are preferentially mobilized by transport of clastic sediments and such anomalies may be preserved for relatively long times in Quaternary sediments. However, leachable Hg (0.6–9.7 μg/L) and As (2.1–42.2 μg/L) concentrations are significantly high when compared to those of the Italian limit for groundwater (1 µg/L for Hg and 10 µg/L for As). Quaternary sediments from southern Tuscany could then be a potential, though natural, source of Hg and As to groundwater systems.

ACS Style

Francesca Pasquetti; Orlando Vaselli; Giovanni Zanchetta; Barbara Nisi; Marco Lezzerini; Monica Bini; Daniela Mele. Sedimentological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Features of Late Quaternary Sediment Profiles from the Southern Tuscany Hg Mercury District (Italy): Evidence for the Presence of Pre-Industrial Mercury and Arsenic Concentrations. Water 2020, 12, 1998 .

AMA Style

Francesca Pasquetti, Orlando Vaselli, Giovanni Zanchetta, Barbara Nisi, Marco Lezzerini, Monica Bini, Daniela Mele. Sedimentological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Features of Late Quaternary Sediment Profiles from the Southern Tuscany Hg Mercury District (Italy): Evidence for the Presence of Pre-Industrial Mercury and Arsenic Concentrations. Water. 2020; 12 (7):1998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Pasquetti; Orlando Vaselli; Giovanni Zanchetta; Barbara Nisi; Marco Lezzerini; Monica Bini; Daniela Mele. 2020. "Sedimentological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Features of Late Quaternary Sediment Profiles from the Southern Tuscany Hg Mercury District (Italy): Evidence for the Presence of Pre-Industrial Mercury and Arsenic Concentrations." Water 12, no. 7: 1998.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2020 in Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy
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The composition of atmospheric aerosols (particulate matter - PM) has been studied through the quantification of major elements in filter samples by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). After the collection of PM on over quartz filters, the samples were directly analyzed without the need of wet chemistry. The spectral analysis was performed by calibration free method (CF-LIBS), which also avoids using calibration standards. The major mineral elements found in PM10 and PM2.5 samples were Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Si. Furthermore, elements such as C, O and H, which form part of the organic matter and/or water, were also identified and quantified. In addition to CF-LIBS fastness and feasibility, it has been demonstrated that CF-LIBS is a complementary technique for the characterization of PM.

ACS Style

Roberto-Jesús Lasheras; Daniel Paules; Miguel Escudero; Jesús Anzano; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi. Quantitative analysis of major components of mineral particulate matter by calibration free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 2020, 171, 105918 .

AMA Style

Roberto-Jesús Lasheras, Daniel Paules, Miguel Escudero, Jesús Anzano, Stefano Legnaioli, Stefano Pagnotta, Vincenzo Palleschi. Quantitative analysis of major components of mineral particulate matter by calibration free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 2020; 171 ():105918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto-Jesús Lasheras; Daniel Paules; Miguel Escudero; Jesús Anzano; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2020. "Quantitative analysis of major components of mineral particulate matter by calibration free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 171, no. : 105918.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Review of Scientific Instruments
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In this article, we present a study on the optimization of the analytical performance of a commercial hand-held laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for steel analysis. We show how the performances of the instrument can be substantially improved using a non-linear calibration approach based on a set of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), one optimized for the determination of the major elements of the alloy, and the others specialized for the analysis of minor components. Tests of the instrument on steel samples used for instrument internal calibration demonstrate a comparable accuracy with the results of the ANNs, while the latter are considerably more accurate when unknown samples, not used for calibration/training, are tested.

ACS Style

F. Poggialini; B. Campanella; S. Legnaioli; S. Pagnotta; S. Raneri; V. Palleschi. Improvement of the performances of a commercial hand-held laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for steel analysis using multiple artificial neural networks. Review of Scientific Instruments 2020, 91, 073111 .

AMA Style

F. Poggialini, B. Campanella, S. Legnaioli, S. Pagnotta, S. Raneri, V. Palleschi. Improvement of the performances of a commercial hand-held laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for steel analysis using multiple artificial neural networks. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2020; 91 (7):073111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Poggialini; B. Campanella; S. Legnaioli; S. Pagnotta; S. Raneri; V. Palleschi. 2020. "Improvement of the performances of a commercial hand-held laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for steel analysis using multiple artificial neural networks." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 7: 073111.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2020 in Minerals
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The work shows the results of an archaeometric study performed on fourteen white marble samples from the Roman city of Tauriana (Palmi, Reggio Calabria, Italy), belonging to different architectural elements of the Municipal Museum Complex and artifacts reused in the modern town. Samples were studied by optical microscopy (OM), x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of 13C and 18O with the aim to identify their provenance. The comparison between the collected data and the historical ones, concerning the ancient quarries of white marble of the Mediterranean area, allowed us to prove that most of the marbles used in the city of Tauriana were from the Apuan Alps Basin (Carrara) and, in few cases, from Minor Asia (Proconnesos, Aphrodisias, Docimium) and Greek (Thasos and Pentelic) quarries.

ACS Style

Raffaella De Luca; Donatella Barca; Andrea Bloise; Rocco Dominici; Marco Lezzerini; Maria Maddalena Sica; Domenico Miriello. Provenance of White Marbles from the Roman City of Tauriana (Palmi, Reggio Calabria, Italy). Minerals 2020, 10, 297 .

AMA Style

Raffaella De Luca, Donatella Barca, Andrea Bloise, Rocco Dominici, Marco Lezzerini, Maria Maddalena Sica, Domenico Miriello. Provenance of White Marbles from the Roman City of Tauriana (Palmi, Reggio Calabria, Italy). Minerals. 2020; 10 (4):297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raffaella De Luca; Donatella Barca; Andrea Bloise; Rocco Dominici; Marco Lezzerini; Maria Maddalena Sica; Domenico Miriello. 2020. "Provenance of White Marbles from the Roman City of Tauriana (Palmi, Reggio Calabria, Italy)." Minerals 10, no. 4: 297.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2020 in Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy
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In this paper a new approach to quantitative Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of silicate rocks is presented. The method is adapted from the Franzini and Leoni algorithm, a method widely used in X-Ray Fluorescence analysis for correcting the matrix effects in the determination of the composition of geological materials. To illustrate the features of the new method proposed, nine elements were quantified in 19 geological standards by building linear univariate calibration curves, linear multivariate calibration surfaces (PLS) and using Artificial Neural Networks. The results were then compared with the predictions derived from the application of the algorithm here proposed. It was found that the Franzini and Leoni approach gives results much more precise than linear uni- and multivariate approaches, and comparable with the ones derived from the application of Artificial Neural Networks. A definite advantage of the proposed approach is the possibility of building multivariate non-linear calibration surfaces using linear optimization algorithms, a feature which makes the application of the Franzini and Leoni method in LIBS analysis much simpler (and controllable) with respect to the algorithms based on Artificial Neural Networks.

ACS Style

Stefano Pagnotta; Marco Lezzerini; Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. A new approach to non-linear multivariate calibration in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of silicate rocks. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 2020, 166, 105804 .

AMA Style

Stefano Pagnotta, Marco Lezzerini, Beatrice Campanella, Stefano Legnaioli, Francesco Poggialini, Vincenzo Palleschi. A new approach to non-linear multivariate calibration in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of silicate rocks. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 2020; 166 ():105804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Pagnotta; Marco Lezzerini; Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2020. "A new approach to non-linear multivariate calibration in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of silicate rocks." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 166, no. : 105804.

Review
Published: 03 February 2020 in Analytical Methods
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A short review on LIBS industrial applications.

ACS Style

Stefano Legnaioli; Beatrice Campanella; Francesco Poggialini; Stefano Pagnotta; Mohamed Harith; Zienab Abdel-Salam; Vincenzo Palleschi. Industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review. Analytical Methods 2020, 12, 1014 -1029.

AMA Style

Stefano Legnaioli, Beatrice Campanella, Francesco Poggialini, Stefano Pagnotta, Mohamed Harith, Zienab Abdel-Salam, Vincenzo Palleschi. Industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review. Analytical Methods. 2020; 12 (8):1014-1029.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Legnaioli; Beatrice Campanella; Francesco Poggialini; Stefano Pagnotta; Mohamed Harith; Zienab Abdel-Salam; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2020. "Industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review." Analytical Methods 12, no. 8: 1014-1029.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Microchemical Journal
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Beatrice Campanella; Jole Botti; Tiziana Cavaleri; Francesca Cicogna; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Tommaso Poli; Dominique Scalarone; Vincenzo Palleschi. The shining brightness of daylight fluorescent pigments: Raman and SERS study of a modern class of painting materials. Microchemical Journal 2020, 152, 1 .

AMA Style

Beatrice Campanella, Jole Botti, Tiziana Cavaleri, Francesca Cicogna, Stefano Legnaioli, Stefano Pagnotta, Francesco Poggialini, Tommaso Poli, Dominique Scalarone, Vincenzo Palleschi. The shining brightness of daylight fluorescent pigments: Raman and SERS study of a modern class of painting materials. Microchemical Journal. 2020; 152 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Campanella; Jole Botti; Tiziana Cavaleri; Francesca Cicogna; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Tommaso Poli; Dominique Scalarone; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2020. "The shining brightness of daylight fluorescent pigments: Raman and SERS study of a modern class of painting materials." Microchemical Journal 152, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2019 in The European Physical Journal Plus
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Detection of natural organic dyestuffs in art objects is a challenge for scientists and conservators, as it is limited by severe sampling restrictions. This work is aimed at developing a sampling-free method for the analysis of colorants traditionally used in historical textiles, with a focus on the preservation of the sample integrity to enable its further characterization with other techniques. Thus, in this study, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was performed directly on laboratory-dyed textiles for the identification of anthraquinone dyes, generally characterized by strong fluorescence signals that hinder conventional Raman spectra. For this purpose, SERS-active silver nanoparticles were produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL). PLAL presents some advantages when compared to conventional chemical preparation methods, namely the absence of reagents in the suspension and a stronger control over the nanoparticles morphology that can be obtained by changing the ablation conditions. For the analysis, a small piece of fiber was gently rubbed on a microscope glass slide where few drops of Ag nanoparticles were previously deposited and preconcentrated; micro-Raman measurement followed. To ensure the suitability of the analytical strategy for the characterization of historical artworks, the reversibility of the treatment was demonstrated by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analysis of a wool fiber treated with nanoparticles and gently cleaned with diluted sodium citrate (p H 6-7).

ACS Style

Asia Botto; Beatrice Campanella; Ilaria Degano; Stefano Legnaioli; Giulia Lorenzetti; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. Direct analysis of anthraquinone dyed textiles by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Ag nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation. The European Physical Journal Plus 2019, 134, 414 .

AMA Style

Asia Botto, Beatrice Campanella, Ilaria Degano, Stefano Legnaioli, Giulia Lorenzetti, Stefano Pagnotta, Francesco Poggialini, Vincenzo Palleschi. Direct analysis of anthraquinone dyed textiles by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Ag nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation. The European Physical Journal Plus. 2019; 134 (8):414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asia Botto; Beatrice Campanella; Ilaria Degano; Stefano Legnaioli; Giulia Lorenzetti; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2019. "Direct analysis of anthraquinone dyed textiles by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Ag nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation." The European Physical Journal Plus 134, no. 8: 414.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2019 in Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
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The transition from the Late Bronze Age (LBA) to the Iron Age (IA) in the Levant is marked by the collapse of the Egyptian and Hittite empires, which dominated the political scene of the 14th–13th century BCE. The role of the Sea People, groups of migrants who were defeated by the Egyptian king Ramses III around 1175 BCE, is the focal point concerning this period. After the collapse of the LBA empires, written sources disappeared, and the archaeologists’ primary tool to define cultural processes is to analyze the evolution of pottery. Because of this, studies about the distribution of Aegeanizing ceramic production, considered here to have derived from the Sea People culture, can provide data that supports the impact of Iron Age events on local cultural development. The petrographic, mineralogical, and chemical analysis of LBA-IA I potteries from the site of Tell Afis have allowed us to identify the existence of an Aegeanizing production from the North Syrian coast. These finds and coeval local common and painted ware productions not only exhibit different compositional and stylistic features, but also singular technological traditions.

ACS Style

S. Raneri; F. Venturi; V. Palleschi; S. Legnaioli; M. Lezzerini; Stefano Pagnotta; Mirco Ramacciotti; G. Gallello. Social and technological changes in the ceramic production of the Northern Levant during the LBA/IA transition: New evidence about the Sea People issue through archaeometry. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2019, 56, 101087 .

AMA Style

S. Raneri, F. Venturi, V. Palleschi, S. Legnaioli, M. Lezzerini, Stefano Pagnotta, Mirco Ramacciotti, G. Gallello. Social and technological changes in the ceramic production of the Northern Levant during the LBA/IA transition: New evidence about the Sea People issue through archaeometry. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 2019; 56 ():101087.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Raneri; F. Venturi; V. Palleschi; S. Legnaioli; M. Lezzerini; Stefano Pagnotta; Mirco Ramacciotti; G. Gallello. 2019. "Social and technological changes in the ceramic production of the Northern Levant during the LBA/IA transition: New evidence about the Sea People issue through archaeometry." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 56, no. : 101087.

Communication
Published: 25 July 2019 in Heritage
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We report on some recent experiences of scientific dissemination activities on geomaterials carried out by a network of scientific organizations in Tuscany (Italy). The primary message we want to disseminate is that even the most “insignificant” rock (e.g., those constituting the bar or kitchen counter-tops) stores in their interior very useful information beyond the beautiful colors and their aesthetic appearance. These rocks can tell stories of very old geological periods on how they were formed. Their structures, texture and shape, as well as their chemistry and mineralogy provide clues to the reconstruction of geological events. Moreover, the rocks used in urban architecture and monuments are an inexhaustible archive containing a lot of historical and economic information on the development of a city and its surrounding area. The role of geologists, in this context, is to provide to the public, in clear and engaging language, the tools necessary to solve the puzzle (i.e., identify the most important types of rocks and rock-forming minerals, know their physico-chemical properties, their textures and structures and discover the environments in which they formed). A specific objective of this work is to stimulate an exchange between various research organizations (universities, public research institutions, museums, associations, etc.) and the civil society.

ACS Style

Sonia La Felice; Tsegaye Abebe; Andrea Aquino; Simone Landi; Marco Lezzerini; Claudia Principe. Geological and Cultural Heritage: Dissemination Experiences in Tuscany. Heritage 2019, 2, 2171 -2182.

AMA Style

Sonia La Felice, Tsegaye Abebe, Andrea Aquino, Simone Landi, Marco Lezzerini, Claudia Principe. Geological and Cultural Heritage: Dissemination Experiences in Tuscany. Heritage. 2019; 2 (3):2171-2182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sonia La Felice; Tsegaye Abebe; Andrea Aquino; Simone Landi; Marco Lezzerini; Claudia Principe. 2019. "Geological and Cultural Heritage: Dissemination Experiences in Tuscany." Heritage 2, no. 3: 2171-2182.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2019 in Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
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In this article, we present a new method for the analysis of visible/Infrared multispectral sets producing chromatically faithful false-color images, which maintain a good readability of the information contained in the non-visible Infrared band. Examples of the application of this technique are given on the multispectral images acquired on the Pietà of Santa Croce of Agnolo Bronzino (1569, Florence) and on the analysis and visualization of the multispectral data obtained on Etruscan mural paintings ( Tomb of the Monkey , Siena, Italy, V century B.C.). The fidelity of the chromatic appearance of the resulting images, coupled to the effective visualization of the information contained in the Infrared band, opens interesting perspectives for the use of the method for visualization and presentation of the results of multispectral analysis in Cultural Heritage diffusion, research, and diagnostics.

ACS Style

Emanuela Grifoni; Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Giulia Lorenzetti; Luciano Marras; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi; Francesco Poggialini; Emanuele Salerno; Anna Tonazzini. A New Infrared True-Color Approach for Visible-Infrared Multispectral Image Analysis. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 2019, 12, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Emanuela Grifoni, Beatrice Campanella, Stefano Legnaioli, Giulia Lorenzetti, Luciano Marras, Stefano Pagnotta, Vincenzo Palleschi, Francesco Poggialini, Emanuele Salerno, Anna Tonazzini. A New Infrared True-Color Approach for Visible-Infrared Multispectral Image Analysis. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage. 2019; 12 (2):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emanuela Grifoni; Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Giulia Lorenzetti; Luciano Marras; Stefano Pagnotta; Vincenzo Palleschi; Francesco Poggialini; Emanuele Salerno; Anna Tonazzini. 2019. "A New Infrared True-Color Approach for Visible-Infrared Multispectral Image Analysis." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 12, no. 2: 1-11.

Review
Published: 07 June 2019 in Atoms
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The production of a plasma by a pulsed laser beam in solids, liquids or gas is often associated with the generation of a strong shock wave, which can be studied and interpreted in the framework of the theory of strong explosion. In this review, we will briefly present a theoretical interpretation of the physical mechanisms of laser-generated shock waves. After that, we will discuss how the study of the dynamics of the laser-induced shock wave can be used for obtaining useful information about the laser–target interaction (for example, the energy delivered by the laser on the target material) or on the physical properties of the target itself (hardness). Finally, we will focus the discussion on how the laser-induced shock wave can be exploited in analytical applications of Laser-Induced Plasmas as, for example, in Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy experiments.

ACS Style

Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. Shock Waves in Laser-Induced Plasmas. Atoms 2019, 7, 57 .

AMA Style

Beatrice Campanella, Stefano Legnaioli, Stefano Pagnotta, Francesco Poggialini, Vincenzo Palleschi. Shock Waves in Laser-Induced Plasmas. Atoms. 2019; 7 (2):57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2019. "Shock Waves in Laser-Induced Plasmas." Atoms 7, no. 2: 57.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2019 in Analytical Chemistry
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In this article, we compare two analytical methods that have been recently proposed: the columnar density Saha-Boltzmann plot method of Cristoforetti and Tognoni (Cristoforetti, G.; Tognoni, E. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2013, 79-80, 63-71) and the C-sigma model of Aragon and Aguilera (Aragon, C.; Aguilera, J. A. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 2014, 149, 90-102). Both methods are based on the exploitation of self-absorbed lines for the characterization of plasmas in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy experiments. However, although the two methods can be safely applied in many cases, their usefulness is limited in many practical cases of interest because of the intrinsic constraints of the used plasma model or because of the complexity of the numerical treatment. The two methods are presented here and critically discussed. Finally, an extended C-sigma approach is proposed to merge the advantages of the two methods, overcoming their intrinsic limitations and simplifying the numerical treatment.

ACS Style

Ali Safi; Seyed Hassan Tavassoli; Gabriele Cristoforetti; Elisabetta Tognoni; Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. Exploiting Self-Absorption for Plasma Characterization in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Experiments: A Comparison of Two Recent Approaches. Analytical Chemistry 2019, 91, 8595 -8601.

AMA Style

Ali Safi, Seyed Hassan Tavassoli, Gabriele Cristoforetti, Elisabetta Tognoni, Beatrice Campanella, Stefano Legnaioli, Stefano Pagnotta, Francesco Poggialini, Vincenzo Palleschi. Exploiting Self-Absorption for Plasma Characterization in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Experiments: A Comparison of Two Recent Approaches. Analytical Chemistry. 2019; 91 (13):8595-8601.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Safi; Seyed Hassan Tavassoli; Gabriele Cristoforetti; Elisabetta Tognoni; Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Stefano Pagnotta; Francesco Poggialini; Vincenzo Palleschi. 2019. "Exploiting Self-Absorption for Plasma Characterization in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Experiments: A Comparison of Two Recent Approaches." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 13: 8595-8601.