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Purpose Continuous incremental protocols (CP) may misestimate the maximum aerobic velocity (Vmax) due to increases in running speed faster than cardiorespiratory/metabolic adjustments. A higher aerobic capacity may mitigate this issue due to faster pulmonary oxygen uptake ( $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2) kinetics. Therefore, this study aimed to compare three different protocols to assess Vmax in athletes with higher or lower training status. Methods Sixteen well-trained runners were classified according to higher (HI) or lower (LO) $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2-kinetics was calculated across four 5-min running bouts at 10 km·h−1. Two CPs [1 km·h−1 per min (CP1) and 1 km·h−1 every 2-min (CP2)] were performed to determine Vmax $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max, lactate-threshold and submaximal $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2/velocity relationship. Results were compared to the discontinuous incremental protocol (DP). Results Vmax, $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max, $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ CO2 and VE were higher [(P < 0.05,(ES:0.22/2.59)] in HI than in LO. $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2-kinetics was faster [P < 0.05,(ES:-2.74/ − 1.76)] in HI than in LO. $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2/velocity slope was lower in HI than in LO [(P < 0.05,(ES:-1.63/ − 0.18)]. Vmax and $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2/velocity slope were CP1 > CP2 = DP for HI and CP1 > CP2 > DP for LO. A lower [P < 0.05,(ES:0.53/0.75)] Vmax-difference for both CP1 and CP2 vs DP was found in HI than in LO. Vmax-differences in CP1 vs DP showed a large inverse correlation with Vmax, $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max and lactate-threshold and a very large correlation with $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2-kinetics. Conclusions Higher aerobic training status witnessed by faster $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2 kinetics led to lower between-protocol Vmax differences, particularly between CP2 vs DP. Faster kinetics may minimize the mismatch issues between metabolic and mechanical power that may occur in CP. This should be considered for exercise prescription at different percentages of Vmax.
Andrea Riboli; Susanna Rampichini; Emiliano Cè; Eloisa Limonta; Marta Borrelli; Giuseppe Coratella; Fabio Esposito. Training status affects between-protocols differences in the assessment of maximal aerobic velocity. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleAndrea Riboli, Susanna Rampichini, Emiliano Cè, Eloisa Limonta, Marta Borrelli, Giuseppe Coratella, Fabio Esposito. Training status affects between-protocols differences in the assessment of maximal aerobic velocity. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2021; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Riboli; Susanna Rampichini; Emiliano Cè; Eloisa Limonta; Marta Borrelli; Giuseppe Coratella; Fabio Esposito. 2021. "Training status affects between-protocols differences in the assessment of maximal aerobic velocity." European Journal of Applied Physiology , no. : 1-11.
The aims of the current systematic review were to evaluate the current literature surrounding the chronic effect of flywheel training on the physical capacities of soccer players, and to identify areas for future research to establish guidelines for its use. Studies were identified following a search of electronic databases (PubMed and SPORTDiscus) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA). Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged between 10 and 18 with an average score of 15 points using the PEDro scale. The training duration ranged from 6 weeks to 27 weeks, with volume ranging from 1 to 6 sets and 6 to 10 repetitions, and frequency from 1 to 2 times a week. This systematic review reported that a diverse range of flywheel training interventions can effectively improve strength, power, jump, and changes of direction in male soccer players of varying levels. Flywheel training interventions improve the physical capacities of soccer players of varying levels. Nonetheless, the current literature suggests contrasting evidence regarding flywheel training induced changes in sprint speed and acceleration capacity of soccer players.
William J.C. Allen; Kevin L. De Keijzer; Javier Raya-González; Daniel Castillo; Giuseppe Coratella; Marco Beato. Chronic effects of flywheel training on physical capacities in soccer players: a systematic review. Research in Sports Medicine 2021, 1 -21.
AMA StyleWilliam J.C. Allen, Kevin L. De Keijzer, Javier Raya-González, Daniel Castillo, Giuseppe Coratella, Marco Beato. Chronic effects of flywheel training on physical capacities in soccer players: a systematic review. Research in Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliam J.C. Allen; Kevin L. De Keijzer; Javier Raya-González; Daniel Castillo; Giuseppe Coratella; Marco Beato. 2021. "Chronic effects of flywheel training on physical capacities in soccer players: a systematic review." Research in Sports Medicine , no. : 1-21.
Body composition is acknowledged as a determinant of athletic health and performance. Its assessment is crucial in evaluating the efficiency of a diet or aspects related to the nutritional status of the athlete. Despite the methods traditionally used to assess body composition, bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and bioelectric impedance vector analysis (BIVA) have recently gained attention in sports, as well as in a research context. Only until recently have specific regression equations and reference tolerance ellipses for athletes become available, while specific recommendations for measurement procedures still remain scarce. Therefore, the present narrative review summarizes the current literature regarding body composition analysis, with a special focus on BIA and BIVA. The use of specific technologies and sampling frequencies is described, and recommendations for the assessment of body composition in athletes are provided. Additionally, the estimation of body composition parameters (i.e., quantitative analysis) and the interpretation of the raw bioelectrical data (i.e., qualitative analysis) are examined, highlighting the innovations now available in athletes. Lastly, it should be noted that, up until 2020, the use of BIA and BIVA in athletes failed to provide accurate results due to unspecific equations and references; however, new perspectives are now unfolding for researchers and practitioners. In light of this, BIA and especially BIVA can be utilized to monitor the nutritional status and the seasonal changes in body composition in athletes, as well as provide accurate within- and between-athlete comparisons.
Francesco Campa; Stefania Toselli; Massimiliano Mazzilli; Luís Gobbo; Giuseppe Coratella. Assessment of Body Composition in Athletes: A Narrative Review of Available Methods with Special Reference to Quantitative and Qualitative Bioimpedance Analysis. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1620 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Campa, Stefania Toselli, Massimiliano Mazzilli, Luís Gobbo, Giuseppe Coratella. Assessment of Body Composition in Athletes: A Narrative Review of Available Methods with Special Reference to Quantitative and Qualitative Bioimpedance Analysis. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5):1620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Campa; Stefania Toselli; Massimiliano Mazzilli; Luís Gobbo; Giuseppe Coratella. 2021. "Assessment of Body Composition in Athletes: A Narrative Review of Available Methods with Special Reference to Quantitative and Qualitative Bioimpedance Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1620.
Purpose The present study investigated whether or not passive stretching increases the force-generating capacity of the antagonist muscle, and the possible neuromuscular mechanisms behind. Methods To this purpose, the neuromuscular function accompanying the force-generating capacity was assessed in 26 healthy male volunteers after passive stretching and in a control session. Before and after passive intermittent static stretching of the plantar flexors consisting of five sets × 45 s + 15 s-rest, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and surface electromyographic root mean square (sEMG RMS) were measured in the tibialis anterior (the antagonist muscle). Additionally, evoked V wave, H-reflex, and M wave were elicited by nerve stimulation at rest and during MVC. Ankle range of motion (ROM) and plantar flexors MVC and EMG RMS were measured to check for the effectiveness of the stretching manoeuvre. Results No change in MVC [p = 0.670; effect size (ES) − 0.03] and sEMG RMS/M wave during MVC (p = 0.231; ES − 0.09) was observed in the antagonist muscle after passive stretching. Similarly, no change in V wave (p = 0.531; ES 0.16), H-reflex at rest and during MVC (p = 0.656 and 0.597; ES 0.11 and 0.23, respectively) and M wave at rest and during MVC (p = 0.355 and 0.554; ES 0.04 and 0.01, respectively) was observed. An increase in ankle ROM (p < 0.001; ES 0.55) and a decrease in plantar flexors MVC (p < 0.001; ES − 1.05) and EMG RMS (p < 0.05; ES − 1.72 to − 0.13 in all muscles) indicated the effectiveness of stretching protocol. Conclusion No change in the force-generating capacity and neuromuscular function of the antagonist muscle after passive stretching was observed.
Emiliano Cè; Giuseppe Coratella; Christian Doria; Susanna Rampichini; Marta Borrelli; Stefano Longo; Fabio Esposito. No effect of passive stretching on neuromuscular function and maximum force-generating capacity in the antagonist muscle. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2021, 121, 1955 -1965.
AMA StyleEmiliano Cè, Giuseppe Coratella, Christian Doria, Susanna Rampichini, Marta Borrelli, Stefano Longo, Fabio Esposito. No effect of passive stretching on neuromuscular function and maximum force-generating capacity in the antagonist muscle. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2021; 121 (7):1955-1965.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmiliano Cè; Giuseppe Coratella; Christian Doria; Susanna Rampichini; Marta Borrelli; Stefano Longo; Fabio Esposito. 2021. "No effect of passive stretching on neuromuscular function and maximum force-generating capacity in the antagonist muscle." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 121, no. 7: 1955-1965.
The current study examined the match-play running performances and positional differences between ball-in-play (BiP) and ball-out-of-play (BoP) in elite senior hurling. Players (n = 44) were divided into full-backs, half-backs, midfielders, half-forwards and full-forwards. GPS (STATSports APEX, 10 Hz,) was used to record players’ movements during 22 games (2018–2020). Video recording of games was analyzed and a SportsCode timeline was integrated into the GPS software to split the data into BiP/BoP. Relative (RD), high-speed running (HSR) (17–21.9 km·h−1), sprint- (≥ 22 km·h−1), and high metabolic load-distance (HMLD), accelerations (> 3 m·s−2) and decelerations (> 3 m·s−2) were expressed for the whole-game and relative to the whole-game, BiP and BoP. Ball-in-play and BoP durations were 31:56 ± 3.11 min and 46:05 ± 4:12 min, respectively. Compared to whole-game, greater RD (135 ± 25 m·min−1, ES = 2.00), HSR (24 ± 7 m·min−1, ES = 2.28), sprinting (10 ± 8 m·min−1, ES = 2.10), HMLD (41 ± 10 m·min−1, ES = 2.15), number of accelerations, (0.18 ± 0.11, ES = 2.16) and decelerations (0.26 ± 0.10, ES = 1.88) was found in BiP. Half-backs, midfielders and half-forwards outperformed full-backs and full-forwards in RD (ES = 0.73, 1.75, 1.18 and 1.04, 2.37, 1.66, respectively), HSR (ES = 1.00, 1.17, 1.47, and 0.87, 1.06, 1.39, respectively), and HMLD (ES = 0.99, 1.44, 0.99, and 1.29, 1.84, 1.29, respectively) during BiP. In BoP, half-backs and midfielders covered greater RD than full-backs (ES = 0.81 and 0.88, respectively), and full-forwards (ES = 1.09 and 1.18, respectively). Half-backs covered a greater RD than half-forwards (ES = 0.66). Greater demands were observed in BiP than whole-game and BoP. The middle three positions seem more demanding than full-backs and full-forwards. BiP demands could be utilised to understand the requirements within hurling training.
Damien Young; Liam Hennessy; Giuseppe Coratella. The ball-in-play vs. ball-out-of-play match demands of elite senior hurling. Sport Sciences for Health 2021, 17, 625 -634.
AMA StyleDamien Young, Liam Hennessy, Giuseppe Coratella. The ball-in-play vs. ball-out-of-play match demands of elite senior hurling. Sport Sciences for Health. 2021; 17 (3):625-634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien Young; Liam Hennessy; Giuseppe Coratella. 2021. "The ball-in-play vs. ball-out-of-play match demands of elite senior hurling." Sport Sciences for Health 17, no. 3: 625-634.
To determine the distribution of match-activities relative to maximum-intensities during official match in elite soccer players. One hundred and forty-eight Italian Serie A soccer players were monitored during 46 official matches (680 individual-samples). Total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), very high-speed running (VHSR), sprint, acceleration and deceleration were calculated. Maximum-intensities (1-minpeak) were used as the reference value to determine the distribution of relative intensity across the whole-match demands (90-minavg). Time and distance higher than 90-minavg (>90-minavg) were also calculated. The relative (m·min−1) 90-minavg vs1-minpeak was 59.6(4.4)% for TD, 26.2(4.4)% for HSR, 16.0(3.5)% for VHSR, 9.3(2.3)% for sprint, 19.2(4.6)% for acceleration and 15.4(5.2)% for deceleration. Total distance covered >90-minavg was ~61.4(5.0)% for TD, ~68.6(1.9)% for HSR, ~80.2(1.3)% for VHSR, ~95.7(0.4)% for sprint, ~75.5(1.3)% for acceleration and ~64.0(2.6)% for deceleration. With the exception of small [ES: 0.50 (0.26 to 0.73)] difference for acceleration, the relative distance >90-minavg was largely to very largely (ES: 1.64 to 7.78) higher (P< 0.05) than the 90-minavg for each metric. While no between-position difference (P> 0.05) was found for total minutes >90-minavg, between-position differences (P< 0.05) for the total distance >90-minavg were retrieved across each metric. The distribution of the activities relative to maximal intensities could assist coaches for soccer training prescriptions.
Andrea Riboli; Fabio Esposito; Giuseppe Coratella. The distribution of match activities relative to the maximal intensities in elite soccer players: implications for practice. Research in Sports Medicine 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StyleAndrea Riboli, Fabio Esposito, Giuseppe Coratella. The distribution of match activities relative to the maximal intensities in elite soccer players: implications for practice. Research in Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Riboli; Fabio Esposito; Giuseppe Coratella. 2021. "The distribution of match activities relative to the maximal intensities in elite soccer players: implications for practice." Research in Sports Medicine , no. : 1-12.
To compare three different protocols to assess the velocity associated with the maximal oxygen uptake (Vmax) in soccer players. Sixteen semi-professional soccer players performed three maximum incremental tests on treadmill: two continuous protocols [1 km·h−1·min−1 (CP1); and 1 km·h−1 every 2 min (CP2)], and one discontinuous (DP) protocol to determine Vmax, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and oxygen cost of running (i.e., the slope of the VO2 vs velocity relationship at submaximal exercise). Vmax was higher in CP1> CP2> DP (19.4 ± 1.7, 17.4 ± 1.2, 16.1 ± 1.1 km·h−1 for CP1, CP2, and DP, respectively; P < 0.05 ES: 0.09 to 3.36). No difference in VO2max was found between CP1, CP2 and DP (P > 0.05). Oxygen cost of running showed between-protocol differences (CP1> CP2> DP; P < 0.05; ES: 0.28 to 3.30). Vmax was higher when determined using continuous vs discontinuous protocols due to the greater overestimation in oxygen cost of running. Such differences in Vmax should be considered to optimize acute physiological responses during high-intensity running activities.
Andrea Riboli; Giuseppe Coratella; Susanna Rampichini; Eloisa Limonta; Fabio Esposito. Testing protocol affects the velocity at VO2max in semi-professional soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleAndrea Riboli, Giuseppe Coratella, Susanna Rampichini, Eloisa Limonta, Fabio Esposito. Testing protocol affects the velocity at VO2max in semi-professional soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Riboli; Giuseppe Coratella; Susanna Rampichini; Eloisa Limonta; Fabio Esposito. 2021. "Testing protocol affects the velocity at VO2max in semi-professional soccer players." Research in Sports Medicine , no. : 1-11.
The aim of the current study was to identify the specific differences in anthropometric and performance profiles between elite and sub-elite hurling players with respect to position and level of play. One hundred and thirty-seven (n = 137) hurlers at the elite (n = 61) and sub-elite (n = 76) level completed a series of anthropometric [height, body mass, the sum of seven skinfolds, adipose tissue percentage estimates (%AT), fat-free mass estimations (FFM)) and performance ((countermovement jump height (CMJ), CMJ peak power (CMJ PP), CMJ relative peak power (CMJ RPP), acceleration (5, 10 and 20 m), and yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1)) assessments during the “early in-season” phase of the competition. Data were categorized into positions at both levels (full-backs, half-backs, midfielders, half-forwards, full-forwards). Multiple two-way ANOVA’s were performed to determine the effect of two fixed factors (level and position) on several anthropometric and performance variables. Elite level players had a significantly lower sum of seven skinfolds across all positions compared to the sub-elite (η2 = 0.441, large). At half-back, half-forward, and full-forward elite players had significantly lower %AT (η2 = 0.087–0.167, small–medium) and greater FFM (η2 = 0.040–0.065, small). Jump performance assessment showed elite players performed significantly better across all positions for CMJ (η2 = 0.526, large), CMJ PP (η2 = 0.385, large) and CMJ RPP (η2 = 0.520, large). When Yo-Yo IRT1 was considered, elite players completed an increased distance than the sub-elite across all positions (η2 = 0.526, large). The current data are the first to show differences in positional anthropometric and performance profiles between standards of play within hurling. Applied practitioners should consider these normative data when implementing training programs to maximize position-specific preparation for competition. Furthermore, these data could improve the considerations regarding the transitioning of players from the sub-elite to the elite level of play.
John Keane; Shane Malone; Ciarán Keogh; Damien Young; Giuseppe Coratella; Kieran Collins. A Comparison of Anthropometric and Performance Profiles between Elite and Sub-Elite Hurling Players. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 954 .
AMA StyleJohn Keane, Shane Malone, Ciarán Keogh, Damien Young, Giuseppe Coratella, Kieran Collins. A Comparison of Anthropometric and Performance Profiles between Elite and Sub-Elite Hurling Players. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Keane; Shane Malone; Ciarán Keogh; Damien Young; Giuseppe Coratella; Kieran Collins. 2021. "A Comparison of Anthropometric and Performance Profiles between Elite and Sub-Elite Hurling Players." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 954.
The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform back-squat at full (full-BS) or parallel (parallel-BS) depth, using large feet-stance (sumo-BS), and enhancing the feet external rotation (external-rotated-sumo-BS) and front-squat (FS) at 80% 1-RM. The normalized surface electromyographic root-mean-square (sEMG RMS) amplitude of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, adductor longus, longissimus, and iliocostalis was recorded during both the ascending and descending phase of each exercise. During the descending phase, greater sEMG RMS amplitude of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius was found in FS vs. all other exercises (p < 0.05). Additionally, FS elicited iliocostalis more than all other exercises. During the ascending phase, both sumo-BS and external-rotated-sumo-BS showed greater vastus lateralis and adductor longus activation compared to all other exercises (p < 0.05). Moreover, rectus femoris activation was greater in FS compared to full-BS (p < 0.05). No between-exercise difference was found in vastus medialis and longissimus showed no between-exercise difference. FS needs more backward stabilization during the descending phase. Larger feet-stance increases thigh muscles activity, possibly because of their longer length. These findings show how bodybuilders uniquely recruit muscles when performing different squat variations.
Giuseppe Coratella; Gianpaolo Tornatore; Francesca Caccavale; Stefano Longo; Fabio Esposito; Emiliano Cè. The Activation of Gluteal, Thigh, and Lower Back Muscles in Different Squat Variations Performed by Competitive Bodybuilders: Implications for Resistance Training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 772 .
AMA StyleGiuseppe Coratella, Gianpaolo Tornatore, Francesca Caccavale, Stefano Longo, Fabio Esposito, Emiliano Cè. The Activation of Gluteal, Thigh, and Lower Back Muscles in Different Squat Variations Performed by Competitive Bodybuilders: Implications for Resistance Training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Coratella; Gianpaolo Tornatore; Francesca Caccavale; Stefano Longo; Fabio Esposito; Emiliano Cè. 2021. "The Activation of Gluteal, Thigh, and Lower Back Muscles in Different Squat Variations Performed by Competitive Bodybuilders: Implications for Resistance Training." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 772.
This study described the decrement in accelerations, decelerations and dynamic stress load (DSL) between quarters in elite hurling. GPS (10-Hz) were used to record data from 42 players over 22 games (2018–2020 season). The number of accelerations and decelerations and DSL between quarters were assessed. Accelerations and decelerations were greater in Q1 than Q2 (ES = 0.28 and ES = 0.44, respectively), and Q4 (ES = 0.57 and ES = 0.60, respectively), and in Q3 compared to Q4 (ES = 0.50 and ES = 0.44, respectively). The DSL was 56 ± 21 AU in Q1, 56 ± 20 AU in Q2, 52 ± 20 AU in Q3 and 56 ± 24 AU in Q4. There was a decrease in DSL in Q3 compared to Q1 (ES = −0.20) and Q2 (ES = −0.20). Each position experienced a temporal decrease in at least one quarter (ES = 0.43–1.46) in all metrics except full-backs’, half-backs’ and full forwards’ accelerations, midfielders’ decelerations and midfielders’ and half forwards’ DSL. Current data show temporal decrements in running performance in Q2 and Q4 and DSL in Q3. Players should be conditioned to minimize the drop-off in running performances following the third quarter.
Damien Young; Giuseppe Coratella. Acceleration, Deceleration and Dynamic Stress Load in Elite Hurling: A Between-Quarter and Between-Position Comparison. Sports 2021, 9, 10 .
AMA StyleDamien Young, Giuseppe Coratella. Acceleration, Deceleration and Dynamic Stress Load in Elite Hurling: A Between-Quarter and Between-Position Comparison. Sports. 2021; 9 (1):10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien Young; Giuseppe Coratella. 2021. "Acceleration, Deceleration and Dynamic Stress Load in Elite Hurling: A Between-Quarter and Between-Position Comparison." Sports 9, no. 1: 10.
The current investigation examined the effect of a periodized small-sided games (SSG) intervention across a 4-week pre-season period on physical and physiological performance measures within hurling players. Twenty-five (n = 25) hurling players were observed across the training intervention with GPS and HR technologies. Players participated in 12 sessions of exclusive 4 min SSG bouts (4 v 4) across differing pitch dimensions from 100 to 200-m2 with the number of bouts of SSG increasing across the intervention period (from 4 up to 8 bouts). Pre and post intervention tests included physiological (VO2max (mL kg−1 min−1), vVO2max (mL kg−1 min−1), PTV (km h−1), oxygen consumption (mL kg−1 min−1), vLT (mmol L−1), vOBLA (mmol L−1) and HRmax) and physical [5-, 10-, 20-m speed (s), Yo-YoIR1 (m) and RSAb (s)] testing methodologies. Across the period significant improvements in physical and physiological qualities were observed with these being trivial to large in nature. Significant large improvements in VO2max (ES 1.79; 95% CI 1.02–2.01) and vLT (ES 1.56; 95% CI 1.12–1.78) were reported with moderate improvements in vVO2max (ES 0.93; 95% CI 0.77–1.11) and vOBLA (ES 0.89; 95% CI 0.34–0.99) respectively. Moderate improvements in Yo-YoIR1 (ES 0.65; 95% CI 0.33–0.78) and RSAb (ES 0.41; 95% CI 0.21–0.66) were also observed across the period with trivial improvements observed for speed across 5-, 10- and 20-m. Furthermore, SSG also led to an improvement in oxygen consumption across varying speeds as indicated through significantly reduced VO2 and HR at running speeds of 8-, 10-, 12-, 14- and 16-km h−1 (ES 0.99–1.78). The present study provides coaches with a periodization strategy for pre-season hurling specific SSG. Overall, the data demonstrate that implementing a structured periodized SSG training intervention can improve the physical and physiological fitness characteristics of hurling players across a pre-season.
Shane Malone; John Keane; Adam Owen; Giuseppe Coratella; Damien Young; Kieran Collins. The effect of a periodized small-sided games intervention in hurling on physical and physiological measures of performance. Sport Sciences for Health 2021, 17, 403 -413.
AMA StyleShane Malone, John Keane, Adam Owen, Giuseppe Coratella, Damien Young, Kieran Collins. The effect of a periodized small-sided games intervention in hurling on physical and physiological measures of performance. Sport Sciences for Health. 2021; 17 (2):403-413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShane Malone; John Keane; Adam Owen; Giuseppe Coratella; Damien Young; Kieran Collins. 2021. "The effect of a periodized small-sided games intervention in hurling on physical and physiological measures of performance." Sport Sciences for Health 17, no. 2: 403-413.
This study examined the most demanding passages of match play (MDP) and the effects of playing formation, ball-in-play (BiP) time and ball possession on the 1-min peak (1-minpeak) demand in elite soccer. During 18 official matches, 305 individual samples from 223 Italian Serie A soccer players were collected. MDP and 1-minpeak were calculated across playing position (central defenders, wide defenders, central midfielders, wide midfielders, wide forwards and forwards). Maximum relative (m·min-1) total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), very high-speed running (VHSR), sprint (SPR), acceleration/deceleration (Acc/Dec), estimated metabolic power (Pmet) and high-metabolic load (HML) distance were calculated across different durations (1-5, 10, 90 min) using a rolling method. Additionally, 1-minpeak demand was compared across playing formation (3-4-1-2, 3-4-2-1, 3-5-2, 4-3-3, 4-4-2), BiP and ball/no-ball possession cycles. MDP showed large to verylarge [effect-size (ES): 1.20/4.06] differences between 1-minpeak vs all durations for each parameter. In 1-minpeak, central midfielders and wide midfielders achieved greater TD and HSR (ES:0.43/1.13) while wide midfielders and wide forwards showed greater SPR and Acc/Dec (ES:0.30/1.15) than other positions. For VHSR, SPR and Acc/Dec 1-minpeak showed fourfold higher locomotor requirements than 90-min. 1-minpeak for Acc/Dec was highest in 4-3-3 for forwards, central and wide midfielders. 1-minPeak was lower during peak BiP (BiPpeak) for HSR, VHSR and Acc/Dec (ES: -2.57/-1.42). Comparing with vs without ball possession, BiPpeak was greater (ES: 0.06/1.48) in forwards and wide forwards and lower (ES: -2.12/-0.07) in central defenders and wide defenders. Positional differences in MDP, 1-minpeak and BiPpeak were observed. Soccer-specific drills should account for positional differences when conditioning players for the peak demands. This may help practitioners to bridge the training/match gap.
Andrea Riboli; Marco Semeria; Giuseppe Coratella; Fabio Esposito. Effect of formation, ball in play and ball possession on peak demands in elite soccer. Biology of Sport 2021, 38, 195 -205.
AMA StyleAndrea Riboli, Marco Semeria, Giuseppe Coratella, Fabio Esposito. Effect of formation, ball in play and ball possession on peak demands in elite soccer. Biology of Sport. 2021; 38 (2):195-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Riboli; Marco Semeria; Giuseppe Coratella; Fabio Esposito. 2021. "Effect of formation, ball in play and ball possession on peak demands in elite soccer." Biology of Sport 38, no. 2: 195-205.
Since the COVID-19 restrictions, hurling games have been played in four quarters instead of two halves. This study described the decrement in running performance between quarters in elite hurling. GPS (10 Hz) were used to collect data from 48 players over 20 games during 2018–2020 season. Total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), high-metabolic-load distance (HMLD), sprint-distance, and number of sprints (N-sprints) between quarters were assessed. Greater TD was covered in Q1 than Q3 (Cohen’s d = 0.26). HSR and HMLD was greater in Q1 than Q2 (d = 0.45 and d = 0.55, respectively), Q3 (d = 0.34 and d = 44, respectively) and Q4 (d = 0.38 and d = 0.48, respectively). Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) across quarters. All positions experienced a drop-off in at least one quarter (d = 0.43–1.46) in all metrics except midfielders’ TD and full-forwards’ HSR and HMLD. Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) in each quarter for all positions. Following Q1, players were able to maintain their running performance. The current results can aid the timing of substitutions especially in positions where temporal decrements were observed.
Damien Young; Jim Kilty; Liam Hennessy; Giuseppe Coratella. The Running Performance Decrement in Elite Hurling. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8191 .
AMA StyleDamien Young, Jim Kilty, Liam Hennessy, Giuseppe Coratella. The Running Performance Decrement in Elite Hurling. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):8191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien Young; Jim Kilty; Liam Hennessy; Giuseppe Coratella. 2020. "The Running Performance Decrement in Elite Hurling." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8191.
The present study investigated whether or not verbal instruction affects the electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of back-squat prime movers. Fifteen resistance-trained men performed back-squat at 50%1-RM and 80%1-RM and received external (EF) or internal focus (IF) on lower-limb posterior muscles. EMG amplitude of gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior was recorded during both concentric and eccentric phase. During the concentric phase, the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris EMG amplitude was greater in IF vs EF at 50% [effect size (ES): 0.63(95%CI 0.09/1.17) and 0.49(0.10/0.78) respectively] and 80% [ES: 1.30(0.29/2.21) and 0.59(0.08/1.10)]. The gastrocnemius medialis EMG amplitude was greater in IF vs EF during the eccentric phase at 50% [ES: 0.73(0.13/1.33)] and at 80% [ES: 0.72(0.10/1.34)]. Concomitantly, vastus lateralis EMG amplitude was lower at 50% [ES: −0.71(−1.38/-0.04)] and 80% [ES: −0.68(−1.33/-0.03)]. During the eccentric phase, the tibialis anterior EMG amplitude was greater in IF vs EF at 50% [ES: 0.90(0.12 to 1.68)] and 80% [ES: 0.74(0.13/1.45)]. Irrespective of the load, in the thigh muscles the internal focus promoted a different motor pattern, increasing the hip extensors and reducing the knee extensor excitation during the concentric phase. Concomitantly, both ankle muscles were more excited during the eccentric phase, possibly to increase the anterior-posterior balance control. The internal focus in back-squat seems to have phase-dependent effects, and it is visible at both moderate and high load.
Giuseppe Coratella; Gianpaolo Tornatore; Stefano Longo; Marta Borrelli; Christian Doria; Fabio Esposito; Emiliano Cè. The Effects of Verbal Instructions on Lower Limb Muscles’ Excitation in Back-Squat. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 2020, 1 -7.
AMA StyleGiuseppe Coratella, Gianpaolo Tornatore, Stefano Longo, Marta Borrelli, Christian Doria, Fabio Esposito, Emiliano Cè. The Effects of Verbal Instructions on Lower Limb Muscles’ Excitation in Back-Squat. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2020; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Coratella; Gianpaolo Tornatore; Stefano Longo; Marta Borrelli; Christian Doria; Fabio Esposito; Emiliano Cè. 2020. "The Effects of Verbal Instructions on Lower Limb Muscles’ Excitation in Back-Squat." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , no. : 1-7.
The current study investigated the correlation between quadriceps muscle architecture and the knee extension rate of force development (RFD). cross-sectional study. Muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length normalized per the thigh-length were measured via ultrasound in vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis. The knee extension rate of force was assessed isometrically at 90° knee angle and calculated in different 50-ms epochs (0-50, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200 and 200-250ms). The maximum voluntary contraction was also recorded. Large correlations were observed between vastus intermedius muscle thickness and the 100-150ms (r=0.694, p=0.004), 150-200ms (r=0.597, p=0.019) and 200-250ms (r=0.546, p=0.045) epochs. Large correlation was observed between vastus intermedius normalized fascicle length and 100-150ms (r=0.570, p=0.043) and large correlations with 150-200ms (r=0.643, p=0.010) and 200-250ms (r=0.629, p=0.012) epochs. Additionally, large correlations were observed between vastus lateralis normalized fascicle length and the 100-150ms (r=0.535, p=0.049), 150-200ms (r=0.629, p=0.016) and 200-250ms (r=0.563, p=0.046) epochs. Vastus intermedius muscle thickness predicted 59% (R2=0.581, p=0.002) of the RFD of the 100-150ms epoch; vastus intermedius muscle thickness and fascicle length predicted 51% (R2=0.506, p=0.029) of the 150-200ms epoch; vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis fascicle length predicted 48% (R2=0.483, p=0.037) of the 200-250ms epoch. No further correlation was observed. Fascicle length and muscle thickness were observed as predictive of the late phase of the rate of force development. Vastus intermedius muscle architecture has a primary role in the knee extension RFD.
Giuseppe Coratella; Stefano Longo; Marta Borrelli; Christian Doria; Emiliano Cè; Fabio Esposito. Vastus intermedius muscle architecture predicts the late phase of the knee extension rate of force development in recreationally resistance-trained men. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2020, 23, 1100 -1104.
AMA StyleGiuseppe Coratella, Stefano Longo, Marta Borrelli, Christian Doria, Emiliano Cè, Fabio Esposito. Vastus intermedius muscle architecture predicts the late phase of the knee extension rate of force development in recreationally resistance-trained men. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2020; 23 (11):1100-1104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Coratella; Stefano Longo; Marta Borrelli; Christian Doria; Emiliano Cè; Fabio Esposito. 2020. "Vastus intermedius muscle architecture predicts the late phase of the knee extension rate of force development in recreationally resistance-trained men." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 23, no. 11: 1100-1104.
The present study investigated the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings torque after flywheel (FW)-squat vs. FW-deadlift in comparison to a control condition. Fifteen male athletes were enrolled in this randomised, crossover study. Each protocol consisted of 3 sets of 6 repetitions, with an inertial load of 0.029 kg.m2. Isokinetic quadriceps (knee extension) and hamstrings (knee flexion) concentric peak torque (60º/s) and hamstring eccentric peak torque (-60º/s) were measured 5 min after experimental or control conditions. A significant condition (PAPE) effect was reported (f = 4.067, p = 0.008) for isokinetic hamstrings eccentric peak torque following FW-squat and FW-deadlift, but no significant differences were found for quadriceps and hamstrings concentric peak torques. The significant difference averaged 14 Nm between FW-squat vs. control (95% CI: 2, 28; d = 0.75, moderate; p = 0.033), and 13 Nm between FW-deadlift vs. control (95% CI: 1, 25; d = 0.68, moderate; p = 0.038). This study reported that both FW-squat and FW-deadlift exercises are equivalently capable of generating PAPE of isokinetic hamstrings eccentric torque. Practitioners may use these findings to inform strength and power development during complex training sessions consisting of flywheel-based exercises prior to a sport-specific task.
Marco Beato; Kevin L. de Keijzer; Adam Fleming; Alexander Coates; Oscar La Spina; Giuseppe Coratella; Stuart A. McErlain-Naylor. Post flywheel squat vs. flywheel deadlift potentiation of lower limb isokinetic peak torques in male athletes. Sports Biomechanics 2020, 1 -14.
AMA StyleMarco Beato, Kevin L. de Keijzer, Adam Fleming, Alexander Coates, Oscar La Spina, Giuseppe Coratella, Stuart A. McErlain-Naylor. Post flywheel squat vs. flywheel deadlift potentiation of lower limb isokinetic peak torques in male athletes. Sports Biomechanics. 2020; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Beato; Kevin L. de Keijzer; Adam Fleming; Alexander Coates; Oscar La Spina; Giuseppe Coratella; Stuart A. McErlain-Naylor. 2020. "Post flywheel squat vs. flywheel deadlift potentiation of lower limb isokinetic peak torques in male athletes." Sports Biomechanics , no. : 1-14.
The current study determined the area-per-player during small- or large-sided games with or without goalkeeper that replicates the relative (m·min-1) total distance, high-intensity running distance, sprint distance and metabolic power covered during official matches. Time-motion analysis was performed on twenty-five elite soccer-players during 26 home-matches. A total of 2565 individual samples for SSGs using different pitch sizes and different number of players were collected and classified as SSGs with (SSG-G) or without goalkeeper (SSG-P). A between-position comparison was also performed. The area-per-player needed to replicate the official match demands was largely higher in SSG-G vs SSG-P for total distance [187±53 vs 115±35 m2, effect size (ES): 1.60 95%CI 0.94/2.21], high-intensity running distance [262±72 vs 166±39 m2, ES: 1.66(0.99/2.27)] and metabolic power [177±42 vs 94±40, ES: 1.99(1.31/2.67)], but similar for sprint distance [(316±75 vs 295±99 m2, ES: 0.24(-0.32/0.79)] with direction of larger area-per-player for sprint distance > high-intensity running > total distance ≌ metabolic power for both SSG-G and SSG-P. In SSG-G, forwards required higher area-per-player than central-defenders [ES: 2.96(1.07/4.35)], wide-midfielders [ES: 2.45(0.64/3.78)] and wide-defenders [ES: 3.45(1.13/4.99)]. Central-midfielders required higher area-per-player than central-defenders [ES: 1.69(0.20/2.90)] and wide-midfielders [ES: 1.35(-0.13/2.57)]. In SSG-P, central defenders need lower area-per-player (ES: -6.01/-0.92) to overall replicate the match demands compared to all other positions. The current results may be used to gain knowledge of the SSGs relative to the match demands. This imply manipulating SSGs using higher or lower ApP, the presence of the goalkeeper or design specific rules to increase or decrease the position-specific demands with respect to the desired external load outcomes.
Andrea Riboli; Giuseppe Coratella; Susanna Rampichini; Emiliano Cé; Fabio Esposito. Area per player in small-sided games to replicate the external load and estimated physiological match demands in elite soccer players. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0229194 .
AMA StyleAndrea Riboli, Giuseppe Coratella, Susanna Rampichini, Emiliano Cé, Fabio Esposito. Area per player in small-sided games to replicate the external load and estimated physiological match demands in elite soccer players. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (9):e0229194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Riboli; Giuseppe Coratella; Susanna Rampichini; Emiliano Cé; Fabio Esposito. 2020. "Area per player in small-sided games to replicate the external load and estimated physiological match demands in elite soccer players." PLoS ONE 15, no. 9: e0229194.
Young, D, Malone, S, Beato, M, Mourot, L, and Coratella, G. Iidentification of maximal running intensities during elite hurling match-play. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2018—The current study aimed to describe the duration-specific running intensities of elite hurling players during competition with respect to position using a rolling average method. Global positioning systems (10-Hz Viper; STATSport, Viper, Newry, Northern Ireland) were used to collect data from 36 elite hurling players across 2 seasons. Players were categorized according to playing positions (full-backs, half-backs, midfielders, half-forwards, and full-forwards). A total of 230 full match samples were obtained from 22 competitive games for analysis. The velocity-time curve was analyzed using a rolling average method, in which the maximum relative total distance (TD; m·min−1), high-speed running distance (HSR; m·min−1), and sprint distance (SD; m·min−1) intensities were calculated across 10 different rolling time durations (1–10 minutes) within each game. There were large to very large (effect sizes [ES] = 0.66–4.33) differences between 1 minute rolling averages and all other durations for TD, HSR, and SD. However, pairwise comparisons between 6 and 10 minutes for TD, HSR, and SD were smaller and more variable (ES = 0.07, trivial to ES = 0.85, moderate). Half-backs, midfielders, and half-forwards achieved a higher maximal relative TD and HSR in all duration-specific fields when compared with full-backs and full-forwards. No positional difference was observed in 1- and 2-minute durations for SD. Because the rolling average duration increased the maximum TD, HSR and SD running intensities decreased across all positions. These data provide knowledge of the peak running intensities of elite hurling competition and can be used to design training activities to sufficiently prepare players for these “worst-case scenarios.”
Damien Young; Shane Malone; Marco Beato; Laurent Mourot; Giuseppe Coratella. Identification of Maximal Running Intensities During Elite Hurling Match-Play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2020, 34, 2608 -2617.
AMA StyleDamien Young, Shane Malone, Marco Beato, Laurent Mourot, Giuseppe Coratella. Identification of Maximal Running Intensities During Elite Hurling Match-Play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2020; 34 (9):2608-2617.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien Young; Shane Malone; Marco Beato; Laurent Mourot; Giuseppe Coratella. 2020. "Identification of Maximal Running Intensities During Elite Hurling Match-Play." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34, no. 9: 2608-2617.
The present study examined the muscle activation in lateral raise with humerus rotated externally (LR-external), neutrally (LR-neutral), internally (LR-internal), with flexed elbow (LR-flexed) and frontal raise during both the concentric and eccentric phase. Ten competitive bodybuilders performed the exercises. Normalized surface electromyographic root mean square (sEMG RMS) was obtained from anterior, medial, and posterior deltoid, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and triceps brachii. During the concentric phase, anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise (effect size (ES)-range: 1.78/9.25)) and LR-internal (ES-range: 10.79/21.34), respectively, vs. all other exercises. Medial deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-neutral than LR-external (ES: 1.47 (95% confidence-interval—CI: 0.43/2.38)), frontal raise (ES: 10.28(95% CI: 6.67/13.01)), and LR-flexed (ES: 6.41(95% CI: 4.04/8.23)). Pectoralis major showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise vs. all other exercises (ES-range: 17.2/29.5), while upper trapezius (ES-range: 2.66/7.18) and triceps brachii (ES-range: 0.41/3.31) showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-internal vs. all other exercises. Similar recruitment patterns were found during the eccentric phase. When humerus rotates internally, greater activation of posterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and upper trapezius occurs. Humerus external rotation increases the activation of anterior and medial deltoid. Frontal raise mainly activates anterior deltoid and pectoralis major. LR variations and frontal raise activate specifically shoulders muscles and should be proposed accordingly.
Giuseppe Coratella; Gianpaolo Tornatore; Stefano Longo; Fabio Esposito; Emiliano Cè. An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6015 .
AMA StyleGiuseppe Coratella, Gianpaolo Tornatore, Stefano Longo, Fabio Esposito, Emiliano Cè. An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Coratella; Gianpaolo Tornatore; Stefano Longo; Fabio Esposito; Emiliano Cè. 2020. "An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6015.
Camogie is one of the most popular female sports in Ireland, yet the demands of match-play are unknown. The current study aimed to examine the match-play running performance of elite Camogie players between halves of play and playing positions. GPS (STATSports, Apex 10-Hz) collected data from 36 players (23 ± 4 years, height: 168 ± 5 cm body mass: 65 ± 6 kg) over 22 games. Activity was characterised into total distance [TD] (m), relative distance (RD) (m min−1), distance (m) at walking (< 7.9 km h−1), running (8–15.9 km h−1), high-speed running [HSR] (16–19.9 km h−1) and sprinting (≥ 20 km h−1), number of sprints (n) and mean length of sprints (m). The TD, RD, HSR, and sprint distance was 5881 ± 906 m, 98 ± 15 m min−1, 546 ± 259 m and 183 ± 130 m, respectively. Decrements in TD (ES: − 0.46), RD (ES: − 0.43), HSR (ES: − 0.15), sprint distance (ES: − 0.18), and the number of sprints (ES: − 0.25) were found between halves. Full-backs covered less TD, RD and HSR than half-backs (ES: − 0.65 to − 1.14), midfielders (ES: − 0.66 to − 1.10), half-forwards (ES: − 0.71 to − 0.75) and full-forwards (ES: − 0.57 to − 0.63). Half-backs performed more sprints than full-backs (ES: 0.76) with no difference between any other position. Midfielders, half-forwards and full-forwards had a longer mean length of sprint compared to half-backs (ES: − 1.00 to − 1.17) and full-backs (ES: − 0.78 to − 1.00). This is the first study to report the running performance of elite Camogie match-play. The data can aid the coaching process by allowing for the development of sports-specific training methodologies for elite Camogie players.
Damien Young; Maggie O’Grady; Giuseppe Coratella. The match-play running performance of elite Camogie players across halves of play. Sport Sciences for Health 2020, 17, 191 -199.
AMA StyleDamien Young, Maggie O’Grady, Giuseppe Coratella. The match-play running performance of elite Camogie players across halves of play. Sport Sciences for Health. 2020; 17 (1):191-199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien Young; Maggie O’Grady; Giuseppe Coratella. 2020. "The match-play running performance of elite Camogie players across halves of play." Sport Sciences for Health 17, no. 1: 191-199.