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Jagjit Srai
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK

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Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Organisations are challenged with executing innovation for sustainable development within the context of their operations and value networks—networks which are increasingly fuelled by mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and which accounted for USD 4 trillion in global deal value in 2019. While outcomes from M&As may produce mixed results, merger synergies fundamentally change the environmental, social and governance (ESG) footprint of an organisation and its product-supply chain. These compounding challenges of innovation for sustainability and ESG product-supply chain due diligence are not adequately explored in the operations management literature or practically considered during M&As. In this article, we consider those factors that determine “how innovative is the deal?” and explore how environmental supply chain innovation for sustainability might inform M&As. A case study approach is adopted, drawing upon an exemplar deal within the global food product-supply chain for ingredient production, where high M&A deal-interest and ESG sustainability considerations exist. The theoretical lens is the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. A deal analysis framework, integrating key concepts from strategic environmental supply chain management and the M&A process literature, is defined. These findings suggest that product design and technology selection factors represent sources of M&A value creation when exploring an innovation for sustainability deal thesis. The implication for firms with ambitious environmental agendas or motives is that the M&A process needs to be reconfigured, such that product design and technology selection, currently secondary factors, are considered primary drivers. Together, these drivers form substantive strategic considerations and new merger motives of both theoretical and practical relevance, informing a new perspective of operations sustainability targeted M&A.

ACS Style

Pavan Manocha; Jagjit Srai. Exploring Environmental Supply Chain Innovation in M&A. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10105 .

AMA Style

Pavan Manocha, Jagjit Srai. Exploring Environmental Supply Chain Innovation in M&A. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pavan Manocha; Jagjit Srai. 2020. "Exploring Environmental Supply Chain Innovation in M&A." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10105.

Chapter
Published: 11 June 2020 in Antibody-Drug Conjugates
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This chapter addresses the challenges of evaluating the business case for continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, looking beyond traditional technical assessments made at the unit operations or individual production facility level. It provides an overview of key concepts, approaches, and tools for the early assessment of supply network configuration opportunities enabled by continuous production processing interventions. Multiple levels of analysis are considered with the aid of examples based on major UK research programs on continuous production process technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on the potential for achieving enhanced product flexibility (in terms of volume and variety) and, depending on scale, the optimum number and location of manufacturing operations to support speed to market and system-level cost benefits. In the case of multiple manufacturing operations using continuous production process technologies, where production facility replication through digital twins is becoming a key enabler, the chapter sets out a supply network design and analysis approach that evaluates the commercial and operational viability of alternative manufacturing supply network scenarios.

ACS Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Ettore Settanni; Parminder Kaur Aulakh. Evaluating the Business Case for Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals: A Supply Network Perspective. Antibody-Drug Conjugates 2020, 477 -512.

AMA Style

Jagjit Singh Srai, Ettore Settanni, Parminder Kaur Aulakh. Evaluating the Business Case for Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals: A Supply Network Perspective. Antibody-Drug Conjugates. 2020; ():477-512.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Ettore Settanni; Parminder Kaur Aulakh. 2020. "Evaluating the Business Case for Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals: A Supply Network Perspective." Antibody-Drug Conjugates , no. : 477-512.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Industrial Marketing Management
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Our study extends the emerging inter-firm-level theorization of dynamic capabilities by articulating how firms can develop and adapt their resource bases through supplier relations. Specifically, we aim to explore how different embedded relational aspects function together or separately to induce various inter-firm routines that presumably underpin the buying firm’s dynamic capabilities. The research design is a multiple case study involving 34 buyer-supplier dyad-level innovation events across six product groups of three multinational buying firms in the Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace, and Fast-Moving Consumer Goods sectors. Our inductive analysis suggests that the social, cognitive, and physical aspects of relational embeddedness play roles, in a cumulatively sequential fashion, in inducing three distinctive routine types—unilateral, quasi-unilateral, and bilateral—in the buyer-supplier dyads that underpin the three clusters of dynamic capabilities—sensing, seizing, and transforming, respectively. Furthermore, our study identifies two contingencies that explain variances in the observations and inferences. We therefore investigate the ‘black box’ of dynamic capabilities in inter-firm contexts, elucidating the roles and association of relational embeddedness and patterned activities (routines) in these relationships.

ACS Style

Leila Alinaghian; Yusoon Kim; Jagjit Srai. A relational embeddedness perspective on dynamic capabilities: A grounded investigation of buyer-supplier routines. Industrial Marketing Management 2019, 85, 110 -125.

AMA Style

Leila Alinaghian, Yusoon Kim, Jagjit Srai. A relational embeddedness perspective on dynamic capabilities: A grounded investigation of buyer-supplier routines. Industrial Marketing Management. 2019; 85 ():110-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leila Alinaghian; Yusoon Kim; Jagjit Srai. 2019. "A relational embeddedness perspective on dynamic capabilities: A grounded investigation of buyer-supplier routines." Industrial Marketing Management 85, no. : 110-125.

Journal article
Published: 19 December 2018 in Sustainability
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Resource efficiency in the agri-food sector is a global urgent issue considering the urbanisation phenomena, the increased nutritional needs, and the emergence of diversified dietary norms. Despite the ongoing progress in digital technologies that could enable resource-efficient operations in the sector, their effectiveness—even in developed countries—remains debateable mainly due to the limited understanding that further impedes their adoption by farmers. Among others, ease of access, training, and engagement with digital technologies appears to be challenging for most stakeholders, especially during the production (farming) stage. Specifically, in developing countries, that often encounter major natural resources challenges, the diverse socio-cultural background of the farmers hinders the adoption of digital technologies to perform highly automated and efficient agricultural operations for ensuring sustainability output. In this regard, we explore publicly available data sources (i.e., institutional reports, databases) to identify key challenges in adopting digital technologies for efficient resource use from a systems-level perspective. Thereafter, we map the determinant factors using the System Dynamics methodology in order to identify areas of interventions to limit natural resources’ appropriation and support agri-food sustainability.

ACS Style

Foivos Anastasiadis; Naoum Tsolakis; Jagjit Singh Srai. Digital Technologies Towards Resource Efficiency in the Agrifood Sector: Key Challenges in Developing Countries. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4850 .

AMA Style

Foivos Anastasiadis, Naoum Tsolakis, Jagjit Singh Srai. Digital Technologies Towards Resource Efficiency in the Agrifood Sector: Key Challenges in Developing Countries. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4850.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Foivos Anastasiadis; Naoum Tsolakis; Jagjit Singh Srai. 2018. "Digital Technologies Towards Resource Efficiency in the Agrifood Sector: Key Challenges in Developing Countries." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4850.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2018 in Sustainability
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The purpose of this research is to introduce a qualitative sustainability performance assessment framework for food supply networks, based on the perception of their key stakeholders’ upper management. Moreover, the paper provides industry insights by exemplifying the value of the proposed framework for the UK food industry. A critical review on the most acknowledged sustainability assessment methodologies and tools resulted in the synthesis of the proposed framework. An illustrative application follows, based on data from semi-structured interviews with C-level executives from key players of the UK poultry sector. The results demonstrate an easy-to-use approach, with a comprehensive and sharp outcome on supply chain sustainability performance assessment. Industry insights demonstrate an adequate sustainability performance with respect to the entire supply chain. A detailed view on different echelons reveals specific areas that could be improved, such as the environmental performance at both farming (production) and processing levels. This work extends the scope of current sustainability performance assessment tools by providing a tangible triple bottom-line overview, as well as echelon-specific and indicator-specific details, in a user-friendly, yet straightforward, way. UK food industry insights are valuable for practitioners and academics. The illustration is based exclusively on C-level executives’ viewpoint; thus, any generalization of the results should be considered to this effect. Supply chain stakeholders, policy-makers, and researchers could perform a quick and reliable supply network sustainability performance assessment.

ACS Style

Naoum Tsolakis; Foivos Anastasiadis; Jagjit Singh Srai. Sustainability Performance in Food Supply Networks: Insights from the UK Industry. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3148 .

AMA Style

Naoum Tsolakis, Foivos Anastasiadis, Jagjit Singh Srai. Sustainability Performance in Food Supply Networks: Insights from the UK Industry. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naoum Tsolakis; Foivos Anastasiadis; Jagjit Singh Srai. 2018. "Sustainability Performance in Food Supply Networks: Insights from the UK Industry." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3148.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2018 in Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management
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This paper develops an approach to evaluating designs for digitalisation interventions in purchasing and supply management (PSM), and identifies some fundamental design principles for such interventions. A set of advanced technologies for digitalisation and a theory-based set of seven value drivers for PSM are identified for the proposed grid to facilitate the design of applications and interventions for digitalising PSM. The grid relates the digital technologies to the PSM value drivers in a matrix-like manner, allowing the structured consideration of the space defined by these two dimensions. The proposed approach to the strategic evolution of digitalisation in PSM is tested and its utility is demonstrated in analyses of practitioner literature and multiple case-study-based perspectives on PSM digitalisation. Two fundamental design principles relating to the use of the grid, or to the filling of its space, are set out, thus the research provides new theoretical perspectives on the design of advanced forms of PSM digitalisation. The proposed grid may be used in application design, communicating current and future states of PSM digitalisation to stakeholders, and specifically in developing a future-oriented strategy with a digitalization element for the PSM function.

ACS Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Harri Lorentz. Developing design principles for the digitalisation of purchasing and supply management. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 2018, 25, 78 -98.

AMA Style

Jagjit Singh Srai, Harri Lorentz. Developing design principles for the digitalisation of purchasing and supply management. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. 2018; 25 (1):78-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Harri Lorentz. 2018. "Developing design principles for the digitalisation of purchasing and supply management." Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 25, no. 1: 78-98.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2018 in Sustainability
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Today’s supply chains (SCs) are more than ever prone to disruptions caused by natural and man-made events with water scarcity identified as one of the highest impact events among these. Leading businesses, understanding that natural resource scarcity (NRS) has become a critical supply chain risk factor, extensively incorporate sustainable water management programmes into their corporate social responsibility and environmental management agenda. The question of how industries can efficiently evaluate the progress of these water scarcity mitigation practices, however, remains open. In order to address this question, the present study proposes a conceptual maturity model. The model is rooted in strategies for water scarcity mitigation using a framework developed by Yatskovskaya and Srai and develops an extensive literature review of recent publications on maturity frameworks in the fields of sustainability and operations management. In order to test the proposed proposed, model an exploratory case study with a leading pharmaceutical company was conducted. The proposed maturity model presents an evaluation tool that allows systematic assessment and visualisation of organisational routines and practices relevant to sustainable manufacturing in the context of water scarcity. This model was designed to help illustrate mitigation capabilities evolution over time, where future state desired capabilities were considered through alternative supply network (SN) configurations, network structure, process flow, product architecture, and supply partnerships.

ACS Style

Ekaterina Yatskovskaya; Jagjit Singh Srai; Mukesh Kumar. Integrated Supply Network Maturity Model: Water Scarcity Perspective. Sustainability 2018, 10, 896 .

AMA Style

Ekaterina Yatskovskaya, Jagjit Singh Srai, Mukesh Kumar. Integrated Supply Network Maturity Model: Water Scarcity Perspective. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ekaterina Yatskovskaya; Jagjit Singh Srai; Mukesh Kumar. 2018. "Integrated Supply Network Maturity Model: Water Scarcity Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 896.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2018 in Sustainability
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Chicken is the most consumed meat in the UK, accounting for 40% of meat consumption, while national production sufficiency reaches about 80%. As a farmed animal product, chicken meat is responsible for significant freshwater appropriation volumes during its production cycle. In this context, this research aims at exploring freshwater dynamics in the UK processed poultry industry. Specifically, we develop a System Dynamics model to capture the blue water footprint, as a key sustainability performance indicator of a poultry supply chain, in the case that relevant environmental and regulatory constraints are applied. The model contributes towards investigating the impact of two potential policy-making scenarios, namely, the “water penalty” and the “water tax”, on the nexus between profitability and water usage across the poultry supply chain. Responding to the regulatory constraints, the food processor either reconfigures the supply chain through rethinking desired inventory levels or implements a water management intervention. The results indicate that investing in water-friendly production technologies could offer a greater advantage to sustainable supply chains in terms of blue water efficiency and profitability, compared to employing inventory management strategies. Overall, our analysis highlights that effective policy-making and technology-driven interventions could provide potential towards ensuring economic growth and environmental sustainability of the UK poultry sector.

ACS Style

Naoum Tsolakis; Jagjit Singh Srai; Eirini Aivazidou. Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints. Sustainability 2018, 10, 625 .

AMA Style

Naoum Tsolakis, Jagjit Singh Srai, Eirini Aivazidou. Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):625.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naoum Tsolakis; Jagjit Singh Srai; Eirini Aivazidou. 2018. "Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 625.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2016 in International Journal of Production Research
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This paper explores the characteristics of redistributed manufacturing systems within the context of emerging industry supply networks (EI SNs), with a particular focus on their structure, operations and reconfiguration dynamics. A number of factors have resulted in the redistribution of manufacturing. Within Emerging Industries, advances in process and information technologies, have changed the physical and information characteristics of components and products, and the viable production economies of scale. Further, the emergence of new specialised companies fulfilling key research, production or service roles have changed industry structure and operations, and the conventional model of value creation. Six industrial systems are examined using an Industrial System mapping methodology providing a basis for cross-case analysis, selected on the basis of representing alternative and novel evolution paths that may provide insights into the characteristics of EI SNs within a redistributed manufacturing context. Cross-case analysis suggests several generic aspects to EI SNs, including the blurring of traditional industry boundaries and the critical requirement to manage uncertainty. Alternative forms of EI SNs are observed supporting particular EI evolution paths. Further, more adaptive SNs support increased product variety, with lower inventory models enabled by enhanced production and distribution flexibility, often located closer to demand.

ACS Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Tomás Seosamh Harrington; Manoj Kumar Tiwari. Characteristics of redistributed manufacturing systems: a comparative study of emerging industry supply networks. International Journal of Production Research 2016, 54, 6936 -6955.

AMA Style

Jagjit Singh Srai, Tomás Seosamh Harrington, Manoj Kumar Tiwari. Characteristics of redistributed manufacturing systems: a comparative study of emerging industry supply networks. International Journal of Production Research. 2016; 54 (23):6936-6955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Tomás Seosamh Harrington; Manoj Kumar Tiwari. 2016. "Characteristics of redistributed manufacturing systems: a comparative study of emerging industry supply networks." International Journal of Production Research 54, no. 23: 6936-6955.

Original articles
Published: 16 June 2016 in International Journal of Production Research
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This discussion paper aims to set out the key challenges and opportunities emerging from distributed manufacturing (DM). We begin by describing the concept, available definitions and consider its evolution where recent production technology developments (such as additive and continuous production process technologies), digitisation together with infrastructural developments (in terms of IoT and big data) provide new opportunities. To further explore the evolving nature of DM, the authors, each of whom are involved in specific applications of DM research, examine through an expert panel workshop environment emerging DM applications involving new production and supporting infrastructural technologies. This paper presents these generalisable findings on DM challenges and opportunities in terms of products, enabling production technologies and the impact on the wider production and industrial system. Industry structure and location of activities are examined in terms of the democratising impact on participating network actors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the changing nature of manufacturing as a result of DM, from the traditional centralised, large-scale, long lead-time forecast-driven production operations to a new DM paradigm where manufacturing is a decentralised, autonomous near end user-driven activity. A forward research agenda is proposed that considers the impact of DM on the industrial and urban landscape.

ACS Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Mukesh Kumar; Gary Graham; Wendy Phillips; James Tooze; Simon Ford; Paul Beecher; Baldev Raj; Mike Gregory; Manoj Kumar Tiwari; B. Ravi; Andrew David Neely; Ravi Shankar; Fiona Charnley; Ashutosh Tiwari. Distributed manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Production Research 2016, 54, 6917 -6935.

AMA Style

Jagjit Singh Srai, Mukesh Kumar, Gary Graham, Wendy Phillips, James Tooze, Simon Ford, Paul Beecher, Baldev Raj, Mike Gregory, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, B. Ravi, Andrew David Neely, Ravi Shankar, Fiona Charnley, Ashutosh Tiwari. Distributed manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Production Research. 2016; 54 (23):6917-6935.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jagjit Singh Srai; Mukesh Kumar; Gary Graham; Wendy Phillips; James Tooze; Simon Ford; Paul Beecher; Baldev Raj; Mike Gregory; Manoj Kumar Tiwari; B. Ravi; Andrew David Neely; Ravi Shankar; Fiona Charnley; Ashutosh Tiwari. 2016. "Distributed manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities." International Journal of Production Research 54, no. 23: 6917-6935.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2009 in Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering
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Organizations (derived from the Greek word organon, meaning tool) are instruments for enterprise objectives fulfilment. These objectives are to perform and produce products and services. Engineering and industrial production emphasize human-initiated, controlled, and deliberately executed combinations and transformations of resources by energy and information for the supply of market goods and products. Therefore organizations in engineering and manufacturing include the planned and purposeful action of human beings. In order to meet such objectives, formal groups of people with shared goals concerning transformation execution and output performance are configured. Any arrangements of resources devoted to objective fulfilment constitute operations functions, or for short, operations. Technical devices can be provided to execute operations for transformation steps. The amounts of labor involved can be coped with faster and with better quality by planned division into packages assigned to individuals for well-coordinated (repetitive) execution. For the individuals involved, operations represent tasks to be fulfilled. Combinations and syntheses of tasks and responsibilities in total constitute organization structures or parts of organizations. In this section, the focus of our attention is on noncontractual and contractual types of collaborations among independent enterprises, pooling their core competencies to form so-called enterprise networks, aiming to achieve a common goal. The enterprise networks considered are composed of two or more partners collaborating under a variety of bilateral relationships [15.1].

ACS Style

Francesco Costanzo; Yuichi Kanda; Toshiaki Kimura; Hermann Kühnle; Bruno Lisanti; Jagjit Singh Srai; Klaus-Dieter Thoben; Bernd Wilhelm; Patrick M. Williams. Enterprise Organization and Operation. Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering 2009, 1267 -1359.

AMA Style

Francesco Costanzo, Yuichi Kanda, Toshiaki Kimura, Hermann Kühnle, Bruno Lisanti, Jagjit Singh Srai, Klaus-Dieter Thoben, Bernd Wilhelm, Patrick M. Williams. Enterprise Organization and Operation. Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering. 2009; ():1267-1359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Costanzo; Yuichi Kanda; Toshiaki Kimura; Hermann Kühnle; Bruno Lisanti; Jagjit Singh Srai; Klaus-Dieter Thoben; Bernd Wilhelm; Patrick M. Williams. 2009. "Enterprise Organization and Operation." Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering , no. : 1267-1359.