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Dr. Daniele Battegazzore
Politecnico di Torino

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0 Polymer Composites
0 thermal conductivity
0 Mechanical Properties of Materials
0 Bio-based materials

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Mechanical Properties of Materials
thermal conductivity
flame retardancy
layer-by-layer assembly

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Research article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Advanced Functional Materials
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Phononic materials are artificial composites with unprecedented abilities to control acoustic waves in solids. Their performance is mainly governed by their architecture, determining frequency ranges in which wave propagation is inhibited. However, the dynamics of phononic materials also depends on the mechanical and material properties of their constituents. In the case of viscoelastic constituents, such as most polymers, it is challenging to correctly predict the actual dynamic behavior of real phononic structures. Existing studies on this topic either lack experimental evidence or are limited to specific materials and architectures in restricted frequency ranges. A general framework is developed and employed to characterize the dynamics of polymer phononic materials with different architectures made of both thermoset and thermoplastic polymers, presenting qualitatively different viscoelastic behaviors. Through a comparison of experimental results with numerical predictions, the reliability of commonly used elastic and viscoelastic material models is evaluated in broad frequency ranges. Correlations between viscous effects and the two main band‐gap formation mechanisms in phononic materials are revealed, and experimentally verified guidelines on how to correctly predict their dissipative response are proposed in a computationally efficient way. Overall, this work provides comprehensive guidelines for the extension of phononics modeling to applications involving dissipative viscoelastic materials.

ACS Style

Anastasiia O. Krushynska; Antonio S. Gliozzi; Alberto Fina; Dmitry Krushinsky; Daniele Battegazzore; Miguel A. Badillo‐Ávila; Mónica Acuautla; Stefano Stassi; Camilla Noè; Nicola M. Pugno; Federico Bosia. Dissipative Dynamics of Polymer Phononic Materials. Advanced Functional Materials 2021, 2103424 .

AMA Style

Anastasiia O. Krushynska, Antonio S. Gliozzi, Alberto Fina, Dmitry Krushinsky, Daniele Battegazzore, Miguel A. Badillo‐Ávila, Mónica Acuautla, Stefano Stassi, Camilla Noè, Nicola M. Pugno, Federico Bosia. Dissipative Dynamics of Polymer Phononic Materials. Advanced Functional Materials. 2021; ():2103424.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anastasiia O. Krushynska; Antonio S. Gliozzi; Alberto Fina; Dmitry Krushinsky; Daniele Battegazzore; Miguel A. Badillo‐Ávila; Mónica Acuautla; Stefano Stassi; Camilla Noè; Nicola M. Pugno; Federico Bosia. 2021. "Dissipative Dynamics of Polymer Phononic Materials." Advanced Functional Materials , no. : 2103424.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Nanomaterials
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This study demonstrates the possibility of forming 3D structures with enhanced thermal conductivity (k) by vat printing a silicone–acrylate based nanocomposite. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDSM) represent a common silicone-based polymer used in several applications from electronics to microfluidics. Unfortunately, the k value of the polymer is low, so a composite is required to be formed in order to increase its thermal conductivity. Several types of fillers are available to reach this result. In this study, boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles were used to increase the thermal conductivity of a PDMS-like photocurable matrix. A digital light processing (DLP) system was employed to form complex structures. The viscosity of the formulation was firstly investigated; photorheology and attenuate total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses were done to check the reactivity of the system that resulted as suitable for DLP printing. Mechanical and thermal analyses were performed on printed samples through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests, revealing a positive effect of the BN nanoparticles. Morphological characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, thermal analysis demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the material was improved, maintaining the possibility of producing 3D printable formulations.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Pezzana; Giacomo Riccucci; Silvia Spriano; Daniele Battegazzore; Marco Sangermano; Annalisa Chiappone. 3D Printing of PDMS-Like Polymer Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity: Boron Nitride Based Photocuring System. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 373 .

AMA Style

Lorenzo Pezzana, Giacomo Riccucci, Silvia Spriano, Daniele Battegazzore, Marco Sangermano, Annalisa Chiappone. 3D Printing of PDMS-Like Polymer Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity: Boron Nitride Based Photocuring System. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (2):373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Pezzana; Giacomo Riccucci; Silvia Spriano; Daniele Battegazzore; Marco Sangermano; Annalisa Chiappone. 2021. "3D Printing of PDMS-Like Polymer Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity: Boron Nitride Based Photocuring System." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2: 373.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Polymers
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In a singular period, such as during a pandemic, the use of personal protective masks can become mandatory for all citizens in many places worldwide. The most used device is the disposable mask that, inevitably, generates a substantial waste flow to send to incineration or landfill. The article examines the most diffused type of disposable face mask and identifies the characteristic of the constituent materials through morphological, chemical, physical, and thermal analyses. Based on these investigations, a mechanical recycling protocol with different approaches is proposed. Advantages and disadvantages of the different recycling solutions are discussed with considerations on necessary separation processes and other treatments. The four solutions investigated lead to a recycling index from 78 to 91% of the starting disposable mask weight. The rheological, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical properties of the final materials obtained from the different recycling approaches are compared with each other and with solutions present on the market resulting in materials potentially industrially exploitable.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Fulvia Cravero; Alberto Frache. Is it Possible to Mechanical Recycle the Materials of the Disposable Filtering Masks? Polymers 2020, 12, 2726 .

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Fulvia Cravero, Alberto Frache. Is it Possible to Mechanical Recycle the Materials of the Disposable Filtering Masks? Polymers. 2020; 12 (11):2726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Fulvia Cravero; Alberto Frache. 2020. "Is it Possible to Mechanical Recycle the Materials of the Disposable Filtering Masks?" Polymers 12, no. 11: 2726.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Nanomaterials
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Different types of graphene-related materials (GRM) are industrially available and have been exploited for thermal conductivity enhancement in polymers. These include materials with very different features, in terms of thickness, lateral size and composition, especially concerning the oxygen to carbon ratio and the possible presence of surface functionalization. Due to the variability of GRM properties, the differences in polymer nanocomposites preparation methods and the microstructures obtained, a large scatter of thermal conductivity performance is found in literature. However, detailed correlations between GRM-based nanocomposites features, including nanoplatelets thickness and size, defectiveness, composition and dispersion, with their thermal conductivity remain mostly undefined. In the present paper, the thermal conductivity of GRM-based polymer nanocomposites, prepared by melt polymerization of cyclic polybutylene terephtalate oligomers and exploiting 13 different GRM grades, was investigated. The selected GRM, covering a wide range of specific surface area, size and defectiveness, secure a sound basis for the understanding of the effect of GRM properties on the thermal conductivity of their relevant polymer nanocomposites. Indeed, the obtained thermal conductivity appeares to depend on the interplay between the above GRM feature. In particular, the combination of low GRM defectiveness and high filler percolation density was found to maximize the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites.

ACS Style

Samuele Colonna; Daniele Battegazzore; Matteo Eleuteri; Rossella Arrigo; Alberto Fina. Properties of Graphene-Related Materials Controlling the Thermal Conductivity of Their Polymer Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2167 .

AMA Style

Samuele Colonna, Daniele Battegazzore, Matteo Eleuteri, Rossella Arrigo, Alberto Fina. Properties of Graphene-Related Materials Controlling the Thermal Conductivity of Their Polymer Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (11):2167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuele Colonna; Daniele Battegazzore; Matteo Eleuteri; Rossella Arrigo; Alberto Fina. 2020. "Properties of Graphene-Related Materials Controlling the Thermal Conductivity of Their Polymer Nanocomposites." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11: 2167.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2020 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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In this manuscript, the Layer-by-Layer technique is used to modify the surface of flax fabrics using a quad-layer architecture (QL) prior to their assembly in polylactic acid biocomposites. The aim is to produce nanostructured interphases capable of conferring flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical properties. Only 2.5 QL significantly improve the flame retardancy and fire safety of the prepared composites as demonstrated by LOI values of 25.3%, considerably reduced flame spread rates and the substantial reduction in peak of heat release rate (−33%) and maximum average rate of heat emission (−30%) during cone calorimetry. Mechanical testing showed improved modulus and limited reductions in flexural strength. These results make the approach developed in this manuscript very attractive in the design of advanced biocomposites with optimized fire retardancy and mechanical properties.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache; Federico Carosio. Layer-by-Layer nanostructured interphase produces mechanically strong and flame retardant bio-composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2020, 200, 108310 .

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Alberto Frache, Federico Carosio. Layer-by-Layer nanostructured interphase produces mechanically strong and flame retardant bio-composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2020; 200 ():108310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache; Federico Carosio. 2020. "Layer-by-Layer nanostructured interphase produces mechanically strong and flame retardant bio-composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 200, no. : 108310.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Polymer Degradation and Stability
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ACS Style

D. Battegazzore; M. Lavaselli; B. Cheng; D. Li; R. Yang; A. Frache; G. Paul; L. Marchese. Reactive extrusion of sol-gel silica as fire retardant synergistic additive in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2019, 167, 259 -268.

AMA Style

D. Battegazzore, M. Lavaselli, B. Cheng, D. Li, R. Yang, A. Frache, G. Paul, L. Marchese. Reactive extrusion of sol-gel silica as fire retardant synergistic additive in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2019; 167 ():259-268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Battegazzore; M. Lavaselli; B. Cheng; D. Li; R. Yang; A. Frache; G. Paul; L. Marchese. 2019. "Reactive extrusion of sol-gel silica as fire retardant synergistic additive in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites." Polymer Degradation and Stability 167, no. : 259-268.

Original paper
Published: 12 July 2019 in Journal of Polymers and the Environment
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Composites consisting of renewable PA5.10 were obtained from melt compounding with a modified clay (CL) and/or a by-product obtained from the combustion of rice husk (RHA). Two different industrialized lab-scale machines were used to obtain the final shape: a film extrusion machine and an injection moulding apparatus. The industrial application requirements for polyamides generally need good barrier properties and high thermo-mechanical strength. Considering the barrier properties, the CL was able to decrease the oxygen permeability to less than half with respect to neat PA5.10. DMTA demonstrated that the addition of RHA caused a consistent enhancement (+ 46 °C) in the heat deflection temperature (HDT) compared to the neat PA5.10 matrix, increasing the possible areas of interest. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of RHA and CL provided the best result reaching an extraordinary HDT of 131 °C. A complete discussion taking into account the morphology, crystallinity and filler-matrix adhesion evaluation was reported as well as comparison of performances with other bio-PAs composites. These two fillers can therefore be used separated or together combined in PA5.10 for functional purposes in a sustainable scenario.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache. Bio-based PA5.10 for Industrial Applications: Improvement of Barrier and Thermo-mechanical Properties with Rice Husk Ash and Nanoclay. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2019, 27, 2213 -2223.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Alberto Frache. Bio-based PA5.10 for Industrial Applications: Improvement of Barrier and Thermo-mechanical Properties with Rice Husk Ash and Nanoclay. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2019; 27 (10):2213-2223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache. 2019. "Bio-based PA5.10 for Industrial Applications: Improvement of Barrier and Thermo-mechanical Properties with Rice Husk Ash and Nanoclay." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 27, no. 10: 2213-2223.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2019 in Polymer Degradation and Stability
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A commercial tannin wine seed extract powder (T), a seed polyphenol extract (Sext) and virgin wine seeds wastes (Se) have been mixed with polypropylene (PP) and tested as long-term stabilizers. Their stabilizing activity has been compared with that of a synthetic antioxidant commonly used within PP (Irganox 1010). Each sample has been subject to both UV and thermal aging. The PP-based films photo-oxidation has been followed through the C=O formation over the aging time by FT-IR. The PP-based tensile specimens have been oven aged and the mechanical properties loss have been investigated monitoring the variation of the elongation at break. Melt Flow Index (MFI) measures and Different Scanning Calorimetry analysis have been conducted on thermal aged samples. At the same time, wine derived additives have been characterized in terms of total polyphenol content, FT-IR and UV/VIS spectra meanwhile catechin and gallic acid have been quantified by LC-MS. Experimental results have evidenced the ability of all the wine derived additives to withstand both to thermal and UV long-term degradation. In particular, wine seeds extracts exhibit the best results in terms of stabilization (even better than Irganox 1010) without compromising the PP mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties.

ACS Style

Alessandro Nanni; D. Battegazzore; A. Frache; M. Messori. Thermal and UV aging of polypropylene stabilized by wine seeds wastes and their extracts. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2019, 165, 49 -59.

AMA Style

Alessandro Nanni, D. Battegazzore, A. Frache, M. Messori. Thermal and UV aging of polypropylene stabilized by wine seeds wastes and their extracts. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2019; 165 ():49-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Nanni; D. Battegazzore; A. Frache; M. Messori. 2019. "Thermal and UV aging of polypropylene stabilized by wine seeds wastes and their extracts." Polymer Degradation and Stability 165, no. : 49-59.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Tobias Abt; Maria Lluisa Maspoch; Alberto Frache. Multilayer cotton fabric bio-composites based on PLA and PHB copolymer for industrial load carrying applications. Composites Part B: Engineering 2019, 163, 761 -768.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Tobias Abt, Maria Lluisa Maspoch, Alberto Frache. Multilayer cotton fabric bio-composites based on PLA and PHB copolymer for industrial load carrying applications. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019; 163 ():761-768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Tobias Abt; Maria Lluisa Maspoch; Alberto Frache. 2019. "Multilayer cotton fabric bio-composites based on PLA and PHB copolymer for industrial load carrying applications." Composites Part B: Engineering 163, no. : 761-768.

Article
Published: 09 January 2019 in Polymer Composites
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The poor thermo‐mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of biopolymers are currently limiting their application and potential exploitation as sustainable polymers. The use of agricultural by‐products as a functional filler for biopolymers is here presented to address the production of environmentally friendly and economically sustainable biocomposites. To this aim, hemp hurd and alfalfa particles were melt‐blended with a poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHB) co‐polymer. The 30 wt% of filler achieves an improvement of 150% in stiffness. The same composites show an increase in the heat deflection temperature over 100°C. Flame‐retardant properties were also evaluated evidencing strong reductions in flame spread rates (−40%) and combustion kinetics (−30%). The achieved performances are compared with those reported in the literature for PHB composites pointing out how these completely renewable materials can compete with other currently studied solutions. The new presented composites show an opportunity for the production of functional and sustainable materials through the valorization of agricultural by‐products. POLYM. COMPOS., 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Amir Noori; Alberto Frache. Hemp hurd and alfalfa as particle filler to improve the thermo‐mechanical and fire retardant properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate). Polymer Composites 2019, 40, 3429 -3437.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Amir Noori, Alberto Frache. Hemp hurd and alfalfa as particle filler to improve the thermo‐mechanical and fire retardant properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate). Polymer Composites. 2019; 40 (9):3429-3437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Amir Noori; Alberto Frache. 2019. "Hemp hurd and alfalfa as particle filler to improve the thermo‐mechanical and fire retardant properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)." Polymer Composites 40, no. 9: 3429-3437.

Article
Published: 12 October 2018 in Polymer Composites
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The plastics industry is increasingly oriented towards the use of bio‐based polymers replacing the fossil‐based ones. Bio‐based polyamides (PAs) in the film packaging application are not still used and need enhancement to overcome some drawbacks. In this scenario, fully (PA10.10) and partially (PA6.10) bio‐based PAs were extruded in a laboratory sheet‐casting machine. The materials used to obtain films were previously melt blended with modified clay in a twin‐screw extruder. The resulting films were morphologically investigated through the scanning electron microscope. The magnifications show agglomerated particles and the packed layers are preferentially aligned in the extrusion machine direction. X‐rays confirm that 5 wt% of clay content is difficult to exfoliate in such matrices. The crystallinity was studied by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry. The XRD results show coexisting α and γ phases in the PA6.10 while the presence of only γ in the PA10.10. The presence of clay platelets constrains the crystallites formation, especially in the more polar PA6.10, resulting in changes in the type and the amount of crystals. The mechanical analysis data showed that 5 wt% of clay induced significant improvement in Young's modulus (+68 and + 14%), a slight increase in the tensile yield stress (+21 and + 5%) and only a surprisingly small decrease in the deformation at break (−15 and −24%) for PA10.10 and PA6.10, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of clay gave the best oxygen barrier properties reaching a value of 1.8 ± 0.2 cm3 × mm/m2 × day × atm comparable to a commercial PA6 film used in the packaging field.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Angela Sattin; Maria Lluisa Maspoch; Alberto Frache. Mechanical and Barrier Properties Enhancement in Film Extruded Bio‐Polyamides With Modified Nanoclay. Polymer Composites 2018, 40, 2617 -2628.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Angela Sattin, Maria Lluisa Maspoch, Alberto Frache. Mechanical and Barrier Properties Enhancement in Film Extruded Bio‐Polyamides With Modified Nanoclay. Polymer Composites. 2018; 40 (7):2617-2628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Angela Sattin; Maria Lluisa Maspoch; Alberto Frache. 2018. "Mechanical and Barrier Properties Enhancement in Film Extruded Bio‐Polyamides With Modified Nanoclay." Polymer Composites 40, no. 7: 2617-2628.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache; Tobias Abt; Maria Lluisa Maspoch. Epoxy coupling agent for PLA and PHB copolymer-based cotton fabric bio-composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2018, 148, 188 -197.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Alberto Frache, Tobias Abt, Maria Lluisa Maspoch. Epoxy coupling agent for PLA and PHB copolymer-based cotton fabric bio-composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018; 148 ():188-197.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache; Tobias Abt; Maria Lluisa Maspoch. 2018. "Epoxy coupling agent for PLA and PHB copolymer-based cotton fabric bio-composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 148, no. : 188-197.

Research article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Journal of Composite Materials
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The paper describes the production and the mechanical characteristics of composites made completely of renewable raw materials. Several wastes or by-products from agro-industrial production namely hemp hurd, alfalfa, and grape stem were analyzed with respect to their thermal stability, morphological, and chemical composition in an attempt to validate their use in composites. Such natural particle fillers were used in the range of 10–50 wt% in combination with poly(lactic acid) by melt blending to obtain fully bio-based composites. These fillers were responsible for a noteworthy increase in the storage modulus. Furthermore, two micromechanical models (Voigt and Halpin–Tsai) were used to mathematically fitted the experimental data, and then the unknown moduli were extrapolated and compared with other natural fillers. Finally, the flexural strength of the bio-composites and the adhesion evaluation by exploiting Pukanszky’s model were carried out. As a result, the hemp hurd in the form of chips was the best investigated filler, which showed the highest calculated modulus of 10.5 GPa (Voigt) and the best filler–matrix interaction with “B” (Pukanszky’s coefficient) of 2.10. This information can be useful when comparison and selection of a suitable filler among the natural fillers are required.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Amir Noori; Alberto Frache. Natural wastes as particle filler for poly(lactic acid)-based composites. Journal of Composite Materials 2018, 53, 783 -797.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Amir Noori, Alberto Frache. Natural wastes as particle filler for poly(lactic acid)-based composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 2018; 53 (6):783-797.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Amir Noori; Alberto Frache. 2018. "Natural wastes as particle filler for poly(lactic acid)-based composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 6: 783-797.

Research article
Published: 24 July 2018 in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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Biocomposites encompassing biopolymers and natural fibers represent potential candidates for the replacement of fossil-based polymers in many application fields. However, due to poor matrix/fiber interphase produces insufficient mechanical properties for practical application. In this letter we use the Layer-by-Layer assembly technique in order to modify the surface of natural fibers and produce a nanostructured interphase capable of improving the mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) / hemp fibers biocomposites. Chitosan and sepiolite nanorods have been selected as interphase constituents. When assembled on hemp fibers this chitosan/sepiolite system conformally coats every fiber yielding a nanostructured coating that subsequently becomes the matrix/fiber interphase during composite preparation. Thanks to the LbL assembled interphase the biocomposites achieve impressive mechanical properties with elastic moduli up to 2.6 GPa which is 70% and 30% better of the neat matrix and the composite prepared with unmodified fibers, respectively. The achieved performances would allow for the use of these LbL engineered biocomposites in load bearing applications thus opening up new opportunities for the exploitation of bio-based resources.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache; Federico Carosio. Sustainable and High Performing Biocomposites with Chitosan/Sepiolite Layer-by-Layer Nanoengineered Interphases. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2018, 6, 9601 -9605.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Alberto Frache, Federico Carosio. Sustainable and High Performing Biocomposites with Chitosan/Sepiolite Layer-by-Layer Nanoengineered Interphases. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2018; 6 (8):9601-9605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Alberto Frache; Federico Carosio. 2018. "Sustainable and High Performing Biocomposites with Chitosan/Sepiolite Layer-by-Layer Nanoengineered Interphases." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 8: 9601-9605.

Original paper
Published: 17 May 2018 in Journal of Polymers and the Environment
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The present manuscript deals with the reuse and valorisation of agricultural wastes and by-products (namely, hemp fibres and rice husk particles) to produce fire retardant fibreboards and particleboards for applications in biobuilding. Since fire retardancy is one of the most important challenges, a detailed study on the thermal and flame retardant properties of the above materials assembled using starch as the binder and different ammonium dihydrogen phosphate contents as fire retardant agents, is proposed. The combustion properties have been investigated in developing fire conditions, employing a radiating heat flux of 35 kW/m2 generated by a cone calorimeter. An optimised formulation able to make both fibreboards and particleboards not ignitable has been found and is predicted to be “A2/B” class in the European fire classification for building products. The resultant materials have proven to undergo pyrolysis and not to burn, favouring the formation of a dense and consistent final residue.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Donatella Duraccio; Alberto Frache. Reuse and Valorisation of Hemp Fibres and Rice Husk Particles for Fire Resistant Fibreboards and Particleboards. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2018, 26, 3731 -3744.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Jenny Alongi, Donatella Duraccio, Alberto Frache. Reuse and Valorisation of Hemp Fibres and Rice Husk Particles for Fire Resistant Fibreboards and Particleboards. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2018; 26 (9):3731-3744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Donatella Duraccio; Alberto Frache. 2018. "Reuse and Valorisation of Hemp Fibres and Rice Husk Particles for Fire Resistant Fibreboards and Particleboards." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 9: 3731-3744.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Materials Today Communications
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Rice husk particles from agro-wastes have been treated with a Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes and further assembled to prepare a bio-based particle board. The all polymer system employed uses a branched polyethyleneimine combined with a polyacrylic acid. The two polyelectrolytes show a super-linear growth as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy. A schematic description of the mechanism behind the LbL deposition on rice husk particles is proposed and discussed on the basis of electron microscopy observations. The mechanical properties of the prepared LbL-joined particle boards are evaluated and related to the unique structure and intermolecular ionic interaction occurring between the assembled polyelectrolytes. Only 2 BLs allow for the preparation of a free-standing/self-supporting material. Boards assembled with 3 and 4 BL-coated particles yielded impressive storage moduli of 1.7 and 2.2 GPa, respectively, as measured by dynamic mechanical analyses performed at different temperatures and relative humidities. When tested by three points bending mechanical tests the same materials showed an elastic moduli up to 3.2 GPa and a tensile strengths up to 12 MPa. The presented results demonstrate that the LbL functionalization of agro-waste particles represents an attractive, functional and sustainable solution for the production of mechanically strong particleboards

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Alberto Frache; Lars Wågberg; Federico Carosio. Layer by Layer-functionalized rice husk particles: A novel and sustainable solution for particleboard production. Materials Today Communications 2017, 13, 92 -101.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Jenny Alongi, Alberto Frache, Lars Wågberg, Federico Carosio. Layer by Layer-functionalized rice husk particles: A novel and sustainable solution for particleboard production. Materials Today Communications. 2017; 13 ():92-101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Alberto Frache; Lars Wågberg; Federico Carosio. 2017. "Layer by Layer-functionalized rice husk particles: A novel and sustainable solution for particleboard production." Materials Today Communications 13, no. : 92-101.

Original paper
Published: 26 June 2017 in Journal of Polymers and the Environment
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In the present study, long hemp fibers and rice husk particles have been used for producing all natural-based boards for building, automotive and in-door furniture, employing a simple and economic transformation process (namely, compression molding). In order to have the required consistence and mechanical strength, cornstarch was employed as binder. By this way, fiber- and particleboards have been prepared and characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical properties (flexural modulus and strength). The influence of different relative humidity levels on composite storage modulus and heat deflection temperatures has been investigated, as well. Long fibers turned out to be capable of sustaining approximately three times the load with respect to particles in standard conditions. Thermal, hygro- and photo stability of the above materials have been investigated under three ageing conditions: namely, (i) high temperature (thermal ageing), (ii) humidity plus high temperature (hygro-thermal ageing) and (iii) UV radiations (photo ageing). Regardless of the experimental ageing conditions adopted, fiberboards have shown good mechanical stability with a modest decrease of storage modulus (<20%) with respect to the values before exposure.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Donatella Duraccio; Alberto Frache. All Natural High-Density Fiber- and Particleboards from Hemp Fibers or Rice Husk Particles. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2017, 26, 1652 -1660.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Jenny Alongi, Donatella Duraccio, Alberto Frache. All Natural High-Density Fiber- and Particleboards from Hemp Fibers or Rice Husk Particles. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2017; 26 (4):1652-1660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Donatella Duraccio; Alberto Frache. 2017. "All Natural High-Density Fiber- and Particleboards from Hemp Fibers or Rice Husk Particles." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 4: 1652-1660.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2016 in Polymer International
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For the purpose of extending the applicability fields of thermoplastic starch (TPS), a study on their properties with high filler loadings were performed. Two different organic natural reinforcement (cellulose and flax) and a typical mineral filler (talc) were incorporated in TPS using melt blending. The resulting composites were observed on fragile fracture surfaces by Scanning Electron Microscopy to study the fillers/matrix adhesion. Magnifications revealed good TPS-fiber interfacial interaction with limited debonding. The thermo-mechanical properties by Dynamo-Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and the correlation with the filler amount (from 10 to 50 wt.-%) were deeply investigated at 50 % of relative humidity and 23 °C. The tests evidenced a huge increase of composite storage moduli (E’) of more than 200 % with respect to the neat matrix. Moreover, the resulting DMTA experimental data were interpolated with Cox-Krenchel micro-mechanical model. To this aim, the necessary measure of the filler dimensions were calculated after the extrusion process on water dissolved residues using an optical microscope. This model was able to rightly follow the experimental results also at the high filler loadings.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Sergio Bocchini; Alberto Frache. Thermomechanical improvement of glycerol plasticized maize starch with high loading of cellulose, flax and talc fillers. Polymer International 2016, 65, 955 -962.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Sergio Bocchini, Alberto Frache. Thermomechanical improvement of glycerol plasticized maize starch with high loading of cellulose, flax and talc fillers. Polymer International. 2016; 65 (8):955-962.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Sergio Bocchini; Alberto Frache. 2016. "Thermomechanical improvement of glycerol plasticized maize starch with high loading of cellulose, flax and talc fillers." Polymer International 65, no. 8: 955-962.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
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Composites consisting of fully (PA10.10) and partially (PA6.10) bio-based polyamides and 10–20 wt.% rice husk ash (RHA) was prepared by melt compounding. The mechanical analysis data showed that RHA induced significant improvement in Young’s modulus, a slight reduction in the tensile strength and a large decrease in the deformation at break. Pukanszky’s model was used to evaluate the filler–matrix interactions. The two PAs exhibited similar filler–matrix load transfer with RHA and better performance than polylactic acid (PLA). The addition of modified clay (Cloisite 30B) to the systems with 10 wt.% of RHA gave the best mechanical properties and filler–matrix interactions, notwithstanding the matrix used. Finally, DMT analyses demonstrated that the addition of RHA caused an increase in the heat deflection temperature (HDT) compared to the neat PA matrices. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of RHA and clay provided the best results.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Oreste Salvetti; Alberto Frache; Nicolangelo Peduto; Anna De Sio; Francesco Marino. Thermo-mechanical properties enhancement of bio-polyamides (PA10.10 and PA6.10) by using rice husk ash and nanoclay. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2016, 81, 193 -201.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Oreste Salvetti, Alberto Frache, Nicolangelo Peduto, Anna De Sio, Francesco Marino. Thermo-mechanical properties enhancement of bio-polyamides (PA10.10 and PA6.10) by using rice husk ash and nanoclay. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2016; 81 ():193-201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Oreste Salvetti; Alberto Frache; Nicolangelo Peduto; Anna De Sio; Francesco Marino. 2016. "Thermo-mechanical properties enhancement of bio-polyamides (PA10.10 and PA6.10) by using rice husk ash and nanoclay." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 81, no. : 193-201.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2015 in RSC Advances
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PA 10,10 can be flame retarded either by melt-blending the polymer with intumescent formulations or by coating it with UV-curable mixtures. First, polyamide (PA) 10,10-based compounds with enhanced flame retardant properties have been prepared by melt-blending. To this aim, a traditional intumescent formulation consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) derived from oil chemistry has been added to PA 10,10 (30 wt% loading) and the resulting morphological, mechanical and flame retardant properties have been investigated. In order to achieve the highest carbon content from bio-source, PER has been replaced by corn starch: thus, it was possible to compare the thermal, mechanical and combustion properties of the compounds containing non-bio additives (APP and PER) with those of the starch-containing counterparts. Furthermore, the same intumescent ingredients adopted in bulk have been further used for coating PA 10,10 surface, exploiting a UV-curing process. From an overall point of view, cone calorimetry tests have shown that these bulk formulations are able to reduce total heat release and peak of heat release rate – pkHRR – (about 30%), but, contrariwise, they lower time to ignition and increase the smoke production, as well. A similar trend has been found when the flame retardants were added to a UV-curable system coated on PA 10,10 samples, without taking into consideration the effect of specimen mass. Conversely, when the combustion parameters were normalized to the specimen mass, the reduction of pkHRR was significantly higher than that found with the same FR content in bulk (about −65 vs. −35%, respectively). As a consequence, the flame retardant results achieved by the surface approach seem to be more promising than those from melt-blending.

ACS Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Gaelle Fontaine; Alberto Frache; Serge Bourbigot; Giulio Malucelli. Bulk vs. surface flame retardancy of fully bio-based polyamide 10,10. RSC Advances 2015, 5, 39424 -39432.

AMA Style

Daniele Battegazzore, Jenny Alongi, Gaelle Fontaine, Alberto Frache, Serge Bourbigot, Giulio Malucelli. Bulk vs. surface flame retardancy of fully bio-based polyamide 10,10. RSC Advances. 2015; 5 (49):39424-39432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Battegazzore; Jenny Alongi; Gaelle Fontaine; Alberto Frache; Serge Bourbigot; Giulio Malucelli. 2015. "Bulk vs. surface flame retardancy of fully bio-based polyamide 10,10." RSC Advances 5, no. 49: 39424-39432.