In this manuscript, the authors aim to explore sustainable consumer behaviour during shopping at a self-service store with fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). An innovative combination of virtual reality (VR) equipment and an electroencephalogram (EEG) was used in the study. The objective of the study was to gather information as to how consumers make shopping decisions when buying fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). The studies conducted so far have used either VR or EEG. To the best knowledge of the authors, no results of a study from the FMCG sector using both these devices simultaneously have ever been published. The results of the pilot studies are presented in the paper. The presented results constitute a part of a wider research project within the scope of which a triangulation of the research methods was used, enabling deeper analyses to be conducted of conscious and non-conscious aspects of the study subjects. The authors analysed primary data indicative of sustainable consumer behaviour. Descriptive statistics, including such measures as a mean value, standard deviation, and correlation analysis, as well as the Valence/Arousal Index, were used. The conducted studies provided knowledge of sustainable behaviour for two types of consumers – non-routine and considerate. Moreover, emotion indicators for FMCG products were defined, out of which the highest satisfaction was recorded for salmon as a product.

Among many solutions that can boost company innovativeness, co-creation is mentioned in the literature as one of them. This paper reports the findings of a pilot study conducted in China, Georgia, Poland, Romania, and Sri Lanka. The aim of the article is to find differences and similarities among respondents from different countries considering their attitude towards the process of co-creation. To gather primary data, a field survey method was adopted with a structured questionnaire. The target group of the survey consisted of university students, aged between 22 to 23 years old, who, by virtue of their psycho-physical characteristics, are more eager to share their experience and engage in various activities. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted from June to December 2016 among 500 university students. Despite the limited experience of respondents in co-creation, replies indicate their willingness, openness, and positive attitude towards co-creation.

In this manuscript, the authors aim to explore firstly the association between entrepreneurial mindset and co-creation experience, secondly the association between co-creation experience and entrepreneurial intentions, and thirdly the association between entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial intentions within the sustainability context. In this paper, the authors present the results of the pilot study. Primary data were collected from 500 university students from China, Georgia, Poland, Romania, and Sri Lanka by using a convenient sampling technique, and a literature review was the primary method of the concept development. The authors selected the above-mentioned countries to collect primary data by using a convenient sampling technique based on accessibility; they also visited all analysed countries in order to conduct the pilot survey personally. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were applied as primary statistical methods. The findings reveal that there is a very strong association between co-creation experience and entrepreneurial intentions, a very weak negative association between entrepreneurial mindset and co-creation experience, and, surprisingly, a weak association between entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial intentions. The added value of the conducted pilot research involves filling in a gap regarding the relationship between experience and the subjective norm. In the presented pilot research, co-creation experience was compared with not only entrepreneurial mindset but with entrepreneurial intentions as well. An additional value of this exploratory research is compiling an international comparison. The main contribution of this pilot study is examining the symbiotic mutualism between co-creation and entrepreneurship. Among many platforms of associations, the following can be differentiated: creativity, innovativeness, openness, engagement, awareness, motivation, trust (level of social capital), and recognizing the significance of social and sustainable development objectives. Due to the small sample size, the results cannot be generalised. Results refer only to the respondents. However, the findings of the pilot study are the basis for further research studies on symbiotic mutualism between entrepreneurship and co-creation.

This article presents virtual reality research findings on customer emotions, product choice, store time, and distance traveled. Advanced tools, such as virtual reality and EEG technology, were used, as well as both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data is primarily derived from participants contributing to a broader research project that analyzes both conscious and unconscious aspects. The study revealed that emotions significantly impact purchases in vegetables, fast food, and baked goods sections, with correlations to customer distance in the virtual store. The study is limited by the high data collection cost restricting the sample size. Nevertheless, these findings can guide future researchers interested in this technology. Store managers can leverage these insights to enhance sales strategies and store layouts, aiding customer decision-making. This study attempts to provide a fresh perspective on the research problem by integrating virtual reality (VR) and electroencephalogram (EEG) equipment in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector, offering new results that have not been previously published.

Employees as Internal Stakeholders in the Concept of Sustainable Marketing – A Comparative Analysis of European and Asian Market