Among many solutions that can boost company innovativeness, co-creation is mentioned in the literature as one of them. This paper reports the findings of a pilot study conducted in China, Georgia, Poland, Romania, and Sri Lanka. The aim of the article is to find differences and similarities among respondents from different countries considering their attitude towards the process of co-creation. To gather primary data, a field survey method was adopted with a structured questionnaire. The target group of the survey consisted of university students, aged between 22 to 23 years old, who, by virtue of their psycho-physical characteristics, are more eager to share their experience and engage in various activities. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted from June to December 2016 among 500 university students. Despite the limited experience of respondents in co-creation, replies indicate their willingness, openness, and positive attitude towards co-creation.

In this manuscript, the authors aim to explore firstly the association between entrepreneurial mindset and co-creation experience, secondly the association between co-creation experience and entrepreneurial intentions, and thirdly the association between entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial intentions within the sustainability context. In this paper, the authors present the results of the pilot study. Primary data were collected from 500 university students from China, Georgia, Poland, Romania, and Sri Lanka by using a convenient sampling technique, and a literature review was the primary method of the concept development. The authors selected the above-mentioned countries to collect primary data by using a convenient sampling technique based on accessibility; they also visited all analysed countries in order to conduct the pilot survey personally. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were applied as primary statistical methods. The findings reveal that there is a very strong association between co-creation experience and entrepreneurial intentions, a very weak negative association between entrepreneurial mindset and co-creation experience, and, surprisingly, a weak association between entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial intentions. The added value of the conducted pilot research involves filling in a gap regarding the relationship between experience and the subjective norm. In the presented pilot research, co-creation experience was compared with not only entrepreneurial mindset but with entrepreneurial intentions as well. An additional value of this exploratory research is compiling an international comparison. The main contribution of this pilot study is examining the symbiotic mutualism between co-creation and entrepreneurship. Among many platforms of associations, the following can be differentiated: creativity, innovativeness, openness, engagement, awareness, motivation, trust (level of social capital), and recognizing the significance of social and sustainable development objectives. Due to the small sample size, the results cannot be generalised. Results refer only to the respondents. However, the findings of the pilot study are the basis for further research studies on symbiotic mutualism between entrepreneurship and co-creation.

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Stakeholders’ Engagement in the Smart City Development Process (SESCDP) and validate its reliability. The objective was to develop a robust tool for future applications, including cross-validation and generalization to broader contexts, such as emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach: In 2021, a survey was conducted in Szczecin, Poland, using CATI (computer-assisted telephone interviewing) and CAWI (computer-assisted web interviewing) methods. A random sample of 225 citizens and 120 companies provided primary data via a structured questionnaire. Quantitative analysis employed Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics using R (packages “lavaan” and “Hmisc”) and Microsoft Excel. Findings: The SESCDP scale demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha confirming internal consistency across three items: public institutions, local businesses and citizens’ engagement in smart city development. CFA supported a unidimensional structure and validated the scale’s reliability and generalizability. Consistent fit indices across samples underscored the scale’s utility in measuring stakeholders’ engagement. Research limitations/implications: Limitations include the small sample size and focus on one city. Future research should expand to larger populations and diverse contexts to enhance cross-validation and explore stakeholder perspectives further. Practical implications: The validated SESCDP scale can guide stakeholder engagement practices in Smart City initiatives, with potential for application in emerging markets and varying socio-economic contexts. Originality/value: This study confirms the SESCDP scale’s reliability and offers a practical tool for evaluating stakeholder roles in Smart City development globally.

Zakupy mobilne przed pandemią COVID-19 i zamiar ich kontynuacji po pandemii. Metodologiczne aspekty badań empirycznych uwzględniających kryterium płci This paper aims to determine

When looking at the development of civilization, it is worth assessing the quality of life of residents, but it should be noted that the concept of urban quality of life is not clearly defined in the literature, and measurements are carried out in various approaches. The aim of the paper is to assess the quality of life of the inhabitants of Szczecin and Koszalin by indicating their perceived level of satisfaction with selected areas and aspects of urban life. The article uses the results of own research conducted using the CATI and CAWI methods among 427 residents of Szczecin and Koszalin in 2021, as well as the literature on the subject. The data indicates that satisfaction levels of citizens of Szczecin and Koszalin are generally higher and more consistent in certain areas (green areas and safety) and lower with greater variability in others (e-office and attractiveness of real estate).