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Building and its environment are in focus owing to health impact attributed to indoor air quality. This study was carried out to assess indoor air quality in terms of particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide in a residential building, during COVD-19 pandemic lockdown from March 25 to April 23, 2020, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The PM concentration range for kitchen, bedroom, and hall were 40,000–81000 μg/m3 (PM0.3), 15,000–26000 μg/m3 (PM0.5), 4000–6000 μg/m3 (PM1), 1100–1500 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 160–247 μg/m3 (PM5), and 60–95 μg/m3 (PM10). The results of this study suggest that bedroom needs to be ventilated as CO2 concentration was reaching 700 ppm during sleep hours. PM concentration was exceeding 300 μg/m3 (unhealthy) for all particle sizes of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, and PM2.5 except for PM10 which was also above safe limits (0–50 μg/m3). Also, with influential habit (aromatic smoke), these concentrations increased 2–28 times for PM. The hazard quotient value greater than 1 revealed potential health risk to the inhabitants. Hence, future studies are needed for developing indoor air quality guidelines for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia and better planning and management of energy consumption.
Salem Algarni; Roohul Abad Khan; Nadeem Ahmad Khan; Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak. Particulate matter concentration and health risk assessment for a residential building during COVID-19 pandemic in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleSalem Algarni, Roohul Abad Khan, Nadeem Ahmad Khan, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak. Particulate matter concentration and health risk assessment for a residential building during COVID-19 pandemic in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalem Algarni; Roohul Abad Khan; Nadeem Ahmad Khan; Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak. 2021. "Particulate matter concentration and health risk assessment for a residential building during COVID-19 pandemic in Abha, Saudi Arabia." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-10.
The environmental and economic concerns pertaining to the construction industry have necessitated the development of sustainable concrete. Durability and strength are the two primary properties which determine the sustainability of concrete. This study evaluated the performance of self-cured concrete produced from local vesicular basalt porous aggregates. The durability indicators, porosity, permeability and pore size of the hardened concrete, were obtained from the water sorptivity (water permeability under capillary action) test, the water permeability under pressure action test and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area test and strength was evaluated in terms of compressive strength of concrete. The concrete specimens were produced with 10% porous vesicular basalt aggregate in replacement of coarse aggregate. The concrete specimens were tested at 3, 7 and 28 days. The self-curing effect on concrete strength was evaluated against water, air and membrane cured specimens, at surface/volume ratio of 26.4/40 and w/c ratio of 0.35/0.5. A 20% decrease in sorptivity coefficient, 10% increase in solid surface area and about 10% increase in compressive strength of the self-cured concrete was observed over the conventionally cured concrete. The study concludes that the addition of water-entrainment aggregates to concrete reduces water permeability, results in a finer pore structure of concrete and increases the quality and durability of concrete.
Mohd. Ahmed; Saeed AlQadhi; Saleh Alsulamy; Saiful Islam; Roohul Khan; Mohd. Danish. Development of Self-Cured Sustainable Concrete Using Local Water-Entrainment Aggregates of Vesicular Basalt. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6756 .
AMA StyleMohd. Ahmed, Saeed AlQadhi, Saleh Alsulamy, Saiful Islam, Roohul Khan, Mohd. Danish. Development of Self-Cured Sustainable Concrete Using Local Water-Entrainment Aggregates of Vesicular Basalt. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6756.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd. Ahmed; Saeed AlQadhi; Saleh Alsulamy; Saiful Islam; Roohul Khan; Mohd. Danish. 2021. "Development of Self-Cured Sustainable Concrete Using Local Water-Entrainment Aggregates of Vesicular Basalt." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6756.
Disastrous natural hazards, such as landslides, floods, and forest fires cause a serious threat to natural resources, assets and human lives. Consequently, landslide risk assessment has become requisite for managing the resources in future. This study was designed to develop four ensemble metaheuristic machine learning algorithms, such as grey wolf optimized based artificial neural network (GW-ANN), grey wolf optimized based random forest (GW-RF), particle swarm optimization optimized based ANN (PSO-ANN), and PSO optimized based RF for modeling rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility (LS) in Aqabat Al-Sulbat, Asir region, Saudi Arabia, which observes landslide frequently. To obtain very high precision and robust prediction from machine learning algorithms, the grey wolf and PSO optimization algorithms were integrated to develop new ensemble machine learning techniques. Subsequently, LS maps produced by training dataset were validated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve based on the testing dataset. Based on the area under curve (AUC) value of ROC curve, the best method for LS modeling was selected. We developed ROC curve-based sensitivity analysis to investigate the influence of the parameters for LS modeling. The Gumble extreme value distribution was employed to estimate the rainfall at 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 year return periods. Then, the landslide hazard maps were prepared at different return periods by integrating the best LS model and estimated rainfall at different return periods. The theory of danger pixels was employed to prepare a final risk assessment of the resources, which have been exposed to the landslide. The results showed that 27–42 and 6–15 km2 were predicted as the very high and high LS zones using four ensemble metaheuristic machine learning algorithms. Based on the area under curve (AUC) of ROC, GR-ANN (AUC-0.905) appeared as the best model for LS modeling. The areas under high and very high landslide hazard were gradually increased over the progression of time (26 km2 at the 2 year return period and 40 km2 at the 100 year return period for the high landslide hazard zone, and 6 km2 at the 2 year return period and 20 km2 at the 100 year return period for the very high landslide hazard zone). Similarly, the areas of danger pixel also increased gradually from the 2 to 100 year return periods (37 km2 to 62 km2). Various natural resources, such as scrubland, built up, and sparse vegetation, were identified under risk zone due to landslide hazards. In addition, these resources would be exposed extensively to landslides over the advancement of return periods. Therefore, the outcome of the present study will help planners and scientists to propose high precision management plans for protecting natural resources, which have been exposed to landslides.
Javed Mallick; Saeed Alqadhi; Swapan Talukdar; Majed AlSubih; Mohd. Ahmed; Roohul Khan; Nabil Kahla; Saud Abutayeh. Risk Assessment of Resources Exposed to Rainfall Induced Landslide with the Development of GIS and RS Based Ensemble Metaheuristic Machine Learning Algorithms. Sustainability 2021, 13, 457 .
AMA StyleJaved Mallick, Saeed Alqadhi, Swapan Talukdar, Majed AlSubih, Mohd. Ahmed, Roohul Khan, Nabil Kahla, Saud Abutayeh. Risk Assessment of Resources Exposed to Rainfall Induced Landslide with the Development of GIS and RS Based Ensemble Metaheuristic Machine Learning Algorithms. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaved Mallick; Saeed Alqadhi; Swapan Talukdar; Majed AlSubih; Mohd. Ahmed; Roohul Khan; Nabil Kahla; Saud Abutayeh. 2021. "Risk Assessment of Resources Exposed to Rainfall Induced Landslide with the Development of GIS and RS Based Ensemble Metaheuristic Machine Learning Algorithms." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 457.
There are a number of wastewater studies, however research work of hospital wastewater is still lacking. This is owing to low volume of wastewater as compared to municipal wastewater. Nevertheless, hospital wastewater is very distinct in nature as compared to wastewater of other origins particularly owing to various hospital related activities. Hence this study evaluated treatment performance of hospital wastewater using Submerged Membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and Extended aeration process. The investigation parameters for both treatment process was kept same for comparison of treatment efficiency of both processes. Additionally, Tubesettler was employed to enhance treatment efficiency. The treatment efficiency of both processes was low. However, encoupled with Tubesettler satisfactory results were obtained. The BOD5/COD ratio for SMBR effluent varied between 0.22 and 0.92 while for extended aeration process ratio ranged between 0.29 and 0.92. The increase in nitrate concentration in SMBR and EA indicated nitrification. But since the system was well aerated and no anoxic or anaerobic condition prevailed denitrification was not observed. The results of this study suggested that using hospital wastewater as seeding and as influent provided lesser efficiency as compared to synthetic wastewater as influent. Also 85% COD reduction and 91% BOD5 removal in EA indicated better performance as compared to SMBR with 72% COD reduction and 78% BOD5 removal. However, for nitrification SMBR (295%) performed better than EA (140%) Future studies are required to establish conventional parameters with pharmaceutical removal, variation of control parameters on treatment efficiency and effect on microbial activities.
Rachida EL Morabet; Roohul Abad Khan; Javed Mallick; Nadeem A. Khan; Sirajuddin Ahmed; Aastha Dhingra; Amadur Rahman Khan; Majed Alsubih; Saeed Alqadhi; Ahmed Bindajam. Comparative study of submerged membrane bioreactor and extended aeration process coupled with tubesettler for hospital wastewater treatment. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2020, 59, 4633 -4641.
AMA StyleRachida EL Morabet, Roohul Abad Khan, Javed Mallick, Nadeem A. Khan, Sirajuddin Ahmed, Aastha Dhingra, Amadur Rahman Khan, Majed Alsubih, Saeed Alqadhi, Ahmed Bindajam. Comparative study of submerged membrane bioreactor and extended aeration process coupled with tubesettler for hospital wastewater treatment. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2020; 59 (6):4633-4641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachida EL Morabet; Roohul Abad Khan; Javed Mallick; Nadeem A. Khan; Sirajuddin Ahmed; Aastha Dhingra; Amadur Rahman Khan; Majed Alsubih; Saeed Alqadhi; Ahmed Bindajam. 2020. "Comparative study of submerged membrane bioreactor and extended aeration process coupled with tubesettler for hospital wastewater treatment." Alexandria Engineering Journal 59, no. 6: 4633-4641.
MERS-CoV first case was reported on 23rd November 2012 in Saudi Arabia, Since, then MERS has remained on World Health Organization (WHO) Blueprint list and declared pandemic. This study was conducted on MERS lab confirmed cases reported to Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia and WHO for year 2012–2019. The epidemiology was investigated based on infection rate, death rate, case fatality rate, Gender, Age group, and Medical conditions (Comorbid and Symptomatic). The overall median age of infected male was 58 years and of female was 45 years. While average mortality age in male was 60 years and of female was 65 years which is greater than the global average of 50 years. The results also report that specially after age of 40 years in both men and women, chances of infection are more while comorbidities increase the infection rate. The men are more susceptible to infection than women. In case of asymptomatic distribution trend was vice versa with 69.4% women and 30.6% in men. Second, most infected age group was reduced by 20 years in case of men with 47.37% infection for age group of 20–39 years. This was also observed in age-group of 20–39 years for no comorbid cases (men (50%) & women (79%)). This explains MERS-CoV prevalence in Saudi Arabia, as young and healthy population were infected, and acted as carrier and on coming in contact with vulnerable population (Elderly, chronic and comorbid) transferred the infection. Hence, MERS-CoV outbreak kept on happening from time to time over past years. This finding might very well explain the exponential spread of Novel CoV-19 globally, as initial control measures required older people to stay indoors while younger generation brought infection from outside. Further studies are required for epidemiology analysis based on clusters, travel history and specific disease related mortality.
Saman Khan; Rachida EL Morabet; Roohul Abad Khan; Ahmad Bindajam; Saeed Alqadhi; Majed Alsubih; Nadeem Ahmad Khan. Where we missed? Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) epidemiology in Saudi Arabia; 2012–2019. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 747, 141369 -141369.
AMA StyleSaman Khan, Rachida EL Morabet, Roohul Abad Khan, Ahmad Bindajam, Saeed Alqadhi, Majed Alsubih, Nadeem Ahmad Khan. Where we missed? Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) epidemiology in Saudi Arabia; 2012–2019. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 747 ():141369-141369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaman Khan; Rachida EL Morabet; Roohul Abad Khan; Ahmad Bindajam; Saeed Alqadhi; Majed Alsubih; Nadeem Ahmad Khan. 2020. "Where we missed? Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) epidemiology in Saudi Arabia; 2012–2019." Science of The Total Environment 747, no. : 141369-141369.
Hospital wastewater are a lurking threat to environment and human health security for any given moment of time owing to its complexity and high vulnerability to cause disease outbreak. Though there are a number of treatment process for wastewater., there is a high need for employing cost-efficient and sustainable method of treatment. Hence a pilot scale horizontal surface flow Constructed Wetland (HSFCW) coupled with Tubesettler was installed at New Delhi, India (February to may 2019). This study reports comparative pollutants removal from hospital wastewater using Constructed Wetlands and associated tubesettler dosed with Hospital wastewater. A pilot scale CW system was used for treating 10m3/day of hospital wastewater. The system was tested for 3 Months to evaluate its performance for removing pollutants from the wastewater. The HSFCW coupled with tubesettler achieved over all removal efficiency of 94% (COD), MLSS (97%), TSS (98%), BOD5 (96%), Phosphate (79%). However, process of nitrification was not observed and accumulation of Nitrate up to 197% was observed. The study concluded that it may be due to the presence of pharmaceuticals and other elements present in hospital wastewater. This conclusion was based on the fact that Alkalinity increased by 52% in effluent and pH value also exhibited an average increase of 12%. Further research studies are required to investigate effect of pharmaceutical originating from hospital on treatment efficiency, to incorporate anaerobic setup to complete denitrification-nitrification process and also to determine efficiency of thermophilic, mesophilic, and psychrophilic bacteria with respect to climate and temperature.
Nadeem Ahmed Khan; Rachida EL Morabet; Roohul Abad Khan; Sirajuddin Ahmed; Aastha Dhingra; Majed Alsubih; Amadur Rahman Khan. Horizontal sub surface flow Constructed Wetlands coupled with tubesettler for hospital wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 267, 110627 .
AMA StyleNadeem Ahmed Khan, Rachida EL Morabet, Roohul Abad Khan, Sirajuddin Ahmed, Aastha Dhingra, Majed Alsubih, Amadur Rahman Khan. Horizontal sub surface flow Constructed Wetlands coupled with tubesettler for hospital wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 267 ():110627.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadeem Ahmed Khan; Rachida EL Morabet; Roohul Abad Khan; Sirajuddin Ahmed; Aastha Dhingra; Majed Alsubih; Amadur Rahman Khan. 2020. "Horizontal sub surface flow Constructed Wetlands coupled with tubesettler for hospital wastewater treatment." Journal of Environmental Management 267, no. : 110627.
Fall injuries are experienced worldwide ranging from fatalities to hospitalization especially in Elderly population. The available soft flooring options are restricted to specific buildings and location. The study developed soft flooring material incorporating crumb rubber from waste tyres to provide cushion effect in flooring to induce cushion effect. The concrete specimens were developed in form of tiles/slab with varying thickness of 10, 20 and 30 mm. In total 36 specimens were tested with 3 × 2 blank reference specimen without crumb rubber. The specimens were tested in accordance to the force required to cause fracture in human leg bone (192 N) while the testing energy was 198 N. The height of drop was kept 45 cm. The softness was determined with respect to contact time of the impact to the surface while deflection was obtained using dial gauges of 0.01 mm accuracy. The test results of specimen showed two specimens absorbing more than 50% of impact energy. Thereby reducing the chances of fatal/major injuries by 50%. The developed material also solves the big problem of waste rubber tyre disposal in a sustainable manner. The developed material can be successfully applied various location and buildings. Hence, the developed material is green and sustainable both for humans and environment.
Roohul Abad Khan; Rachida EL Morabet; Amadur Rahman Khan. Development of Sustainable Soft Flooring Material to Reduce Fall Injuries. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2020, 643 -649.
AMA StyleRoohul Abad Khan, Rachida EL Morabet, Amadur Rahman Khan. Development of Sustainable Soft Flooring Material to Reduce Fall Injuries. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2020; ():643-649.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoohul Abad Khan; Rachida EL Morabet; Amadur Rahman Khan. 2020. "Development of Sustainable Soft Flooring Material to Reduce Fall Injuries." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 643-649.
Nabil Ben Kahla; Mohamed Hechmi El Ouni; Nizar Bel Hadj Ali; Roohul Abad Khan. Nonlinear Dynamic Response and Stability Analysis of a Tensegrity Bridge to Selected Cable Rupture. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 2020, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleNabil Ben Kahla, Mohamed Hechmi El Ouni, Nizar Bel Hadj Ali, Roohul Abad Khan. Nonlinear Dynamic Response and Stability Analysis of a Tensegrity Bridge to Selected Cable Rupture. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures. 2020; 17 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNabil Ben Kahla; Mohamed Hechmi El Ouni; Nizar Bel Hadj Ali; Roohul Abad Khan. 2020. "Nonlinear Dynamic Response and Stability Analysis of a Tensegrity Bridge to Selected Cable Rupture." Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 17, no. 2: 1.
Saudi Arabia’s arid and semi-arid regions suffer from water scarcity because of climatic constraints and rapid growth of domestic and industrial water uses. The growing demand for high-quality water supplies and to reduce the dependency on desalination creates an urgent need to explore groundwater resources as an alternative. The weighted overlay analysis method using the fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques combined with geoinformation technology was used in this study to explore the groundwater potential zones in the Itwad-Khamis watershed of Saudi Arabia. Twelve thematic layers were prepared and processed in a GIS setting to produce the groundwater potential zone map (GPZM). Subsequently, potential groundwater areas were delineated and drawn into five classes: very good potential, good potential, moderate potential, poor potential, and very poor potential. The estimated GWPZ (groundwater potential zones) was validated by analyzing the existing open wells distribution and the yield data of selected wells within the studied watershed. With this quality-based zoning, it was found that 82% of existing wells were located in a very good and good potential area. The statistical analysis showed that 14.6% and 28.8% of the total area were under very good and good, while 27.3% and 20.2% were accounted for the moderate and poor potential zone, respectively. To achieve sustainable groundwater management in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia, this research provided a primary estimate and significant insights for local water managers and authorities by providing groundwater potential zone map.
Javed Mallick; Roohul Abad Khan; Mohd Ahmed; Saeed Dhafer Alqadhi; Majed Alsubih; Ibrahim Falqi; Mohd Abul Hasan. Modeling Groundwater Potential Zone in a Semi-Arid Region of Aseer Using Fuzzy-AHP and Geoinformation Techniques. Water 2019, 11, 2656 .
AMA StyleJaved Mallick, Roohul Abad Khan, Mohd Ahmed, Saeed Dhafer Alqadhi, Majed Alsubih, Ibrahim Falqi, Mohd Abul Hasan. Modeling Groundwater Potential Zone in a Semi-Arid Region of Aseer Using Fuzzy-AHP and Geoinformation Techniques. Water. 2019; 11 (12):2656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaved Mallick; Roohul Abad Khan; Mohd Ahmed; Saeed Dhafer Alqadhi; Majed Alsubih; Ibrahim Falqi; Mohd Abul Hasan. 2019. "Modeling Groundwater Potential Zone in a Semi-Arid Region of Aseer Using Fuzzy-AHP and Geoinformation Techniques." Water 11, no. 12: 2656.
Saudi Arabia is an arid country with very limited water resources. The absence of surface water bodies along with erratic rainfall renders groundwater as the most reliable source of potable water in arid and semi-arid regions globally. Groundwater quality is determined by aquifer characteristics regional geology and it is extensively influenced by both natural and anthropogenic activities. In the recent past, several methodologies have been adopted to analyze the quality of groundwater and associated hydro-geochemical process i.e., multivariate statistical analysis, geochemical modelling, stable isotopes, a redox indicator, structural equation modelling. In the current study, statistical methods combined with geochemical modelling and conventional plots have been used to investigate groundwater and related geochemical processes in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 62 groundwater samples has been collected and analyzed in laboratory for major cations and anions. Groundwater in the study region is mostly alkaline with electrical conductivity ranging from 285–3796 μS/cm. The hydro-geochemical characteristics of groundwater are highly influenced by extreme evaporation. Climatic conditions combined with low rainfall and high temperature have resulted in a highly alkaline aquifer environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded principal components explaining 79.9% of the variance in the dataset. PCA indicates ion exchange, soil mineralization, dissolution of carbonates and halite are the major processes governing the groundwater geochemistry. Groundwater in this region is oversaturated with calcite and dolomite while undersaturated with gypsum and halite which suggests dissolution of gypsum and halite as major process resulting into high chloride in groundwater. The study concludes that the combined approach of a multivariate statistical technique, conventional plots and geochemical modelling is effective in determining the factors controlling the groundwater quality.
Javed Mallick; Chander Kumar Singh; Mohammed Khaloofah AlMesfer; Anand Kumar; Roohul Abad Khan; Saiful Islam; Atiqur Rahman. Hydro-Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Water 2018, 10, 1847 .
AMA StyleJaved Mallick, Chander Kumar Singh, Mohammed Khaloofah AlMesfer, Anand Kumar, Roohul Abad Khan, Saiful Islam, Atiqur Rahman. Hydro-Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1847.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaved Mallick; Chander Kumar Singh; Mohammed Khaloofah AlMesfer; Anand Kumar; Roohul Abad Khan; Saiful Islam; Atiqur Rahman. 2018. "Hydro-Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia." Water 10, no. 12: 1847.
The rapid global development is only adding to the ever-increasing world’s energy needs resulting in more consumption of fossil fuels. This has led to the serious climatic changes caused by global warming and greenhouse effect. Even though “renewable energies” is becoming a familiar term it is still far from being common place worldwide. Urban greenery may mitigate this as they can remove carbon dioxide by storing carbon in substrates and vegetation.
Roohul Abad Khan; Amadur Rahman Khan; Abdullah M. Al Fatais; Abdulsalam Ahmed Ayed AlQarni. Terrace Gardens Sustainable Carbon Sinks in Modern Urban Dynamics. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems 2017, 71 -73.
AMA StyleRoohul Abad Khan, Amadur Rahman Khan, Abdullah M. Al Fatais, Abdulsalam Ahmed Ayed AlQarni. Terrace Gardens Sustainable Carbon Sinks in Modern Urban Dynamics. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems. 2017; ():71-73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoohul Abad Khan; Amadur Rahman Khan; Abdullah M. Al Fatais; Abdulsalam Ahmed Ayed AlQarni. 2017. "Terrace Gardens Sustainable Carbon Sinks in Modern Urban Dynamics." Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems , no. : 71-73.
Landslide is a natural geological disaster, greatly affected by geological features, precipitation and anthropogenic activities. The characteristics of the Abha mountainous watershed are sedimentary soft, hard silt and clay rocks.
Javed Mallick; Hoang Thi Hang; Saiful Islam; Roohul Abad Khan. Geospatial Approach on Landslide Susceptibility Zonation and Geo-design in Semi-arid Mountainous Watershed, Saudi Arabia. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems 2017, 1833 -1835.
AMA StyleJaved Mallick, Hoang Thi Hang, Saiful Islam, Roohul Abad Khan. Geospatial Approach on Landslide Susceptibility Zonation and Geo-design in Semi-arid Mountainous Watershed, Saudi Arabia. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems. 2017; ():1833-1835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaved Mallick; Hoang Thi Hang; Saiful Islam; Roohul Abad Khan. 2017. "Geospatial Approach on Landslide Susceptibility Zonation and Geo-design in Semi-arid Mountainous Watershed, Saudi Arabia." Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems , no. : 1833-1835.
The Netherlands are facing a problem of vacant buildings or building spaces. The present study focuses on vacant office building spaces and their possible solutions. The transformation or reuse of the building has not been very successful as the available space is way too large or does not meet the requirement fully. The study focuses on the possible transformation based on area, location and feasibility. The study has analysed and suggested multiple feasible solutions to the empty spaces in Amsterdam as per the current scenario. The environmental impact by these transformations has been calculated in terms of Carbon Equivalent, making it a sustainable approach towards development of future. Then the Carbon Equivalent has been converted to carbon credits to evaluate the benefits of the transformation in financial terms. Last but not the least, the study has analysed the current scenario in developing countries like Saudi Arabia and India and suggested to take required steps at present to avoid problems in future.
Anne Van Zutphen; Saman Khan; Roohul Abad Khan; Amadur Rahman Khan; Mohammed K. Al Mesfer; Saiful Islam; Suhaib Nazar. Changing urban dynamics: Empty building spaces. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 2015, 4, 265 -269.
AMA StyleAnne Van Zutphen, Saman Khan, Roohul Abad Khan, Amadur Rahman Khan, Mohammed K. Al Mesfer, Saiful Islam, Suhaib Nazar. Changing urban dynamics: Empty building spaces. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment. 2015; 4 (2):265-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Van Zutphen; Saman Khan; Roohul Abad Khan; Amadur Rahman Khan; Mohammed K. Al Mesfer; Saiful Islam; Suhaib Nazar. 2015. "Changing urban dynamics: Empty building spaces." International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 2: 265-269.
Soil erodibility values are best estimated from long-term direct measurements on runoff-plots; however, in lack of field tests, these values can be estimated using relationships based on physico-chemical soil properties. The study objective was to assess the erodibility and its correlation with soil properties. The average erodibility value was estimated 0.043 t ha h ha−1 MJ−1 mm−1. The areas with heavy textured soil and low organic matter content had the lowest values of erodibility. The erodibility decreases as the sand content increases, whereas silt showed a positive correlation. The erodibility factors and its relation to soil properties were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that sand and organic matter content of soil combinedly explained 78% of variation. Altitudinal increases also seem to affect the soil texture. This study has demonstrated that soil properties and erodibility values can be used as assistance for soil conservation practices and modelling of landscape processes.
Javed Mallick; Hussein Al-Wadi; Atiqur Rahman; Mohd Ahmed; Roohul Abad Khan. Spatial variability of soil erodibility and its correlation with soil properties in semi-arid mountainous watershed, Saudi Arabia. Geocarto International 2015, 31, 661 -681.
AMA StyleJaved Mallick, Hussein Al-Wadi, Atiqur Rahman, Mohd Ahmed, Roohul Abad Khan. Spatial variability of soil erodibility and its correlation with soil properties in semi-arid mountainous watershed, Saudi Arabia. Geocarto International. 2015; 31 (6):661-681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaved Mallick; Hussein Al-Wadi; Atiqur Rahman; Mohd Ahmed; Roohul Abad Khan. 2015. "Spatial variability of soil erodibility and its correlation with soil properties in semi-arid mountainous watershed, Saudi Arabia." Geocarto International 31, no. 6: 661-681.