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Xi-Yu Cheng
College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Original article
Published: 11 April 2021 in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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Surfactants play a vital role in the removal of lignin and subsequent enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, a surfactant-mediated alkaline pretreatment (SMAP) with short residence time and low NaOH loading has been successfully developed for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of a potential energy plant, Miscanthus sinensis, and evaluating its potential as a feedstock for biofuel production. As compared to individual alkaline pretreatment (AP), the SMAP process resulted in significantly more hemicellulose removal, more efficient delignification, higher cellulose content (55% vs. 51%), and stronger morphological disruption of the pretreated stalks, making them more accessible to cellulases and/or microorganisms. As a result, SMAP produced a significantly higher sugar yield of 402.5 mg/g than the control and AP group (287.8 mg/g) (p < 0.05). Among the tested surfactants, Tween 40 was identified as a potential candidate for SMAP of biomass wastes. SMAP with mild conditions (i.e., 121 °C, 10 min, 1.0% NaOH, 1.0% Tween 40) gave the highest sugar yield of 566.0 mg/g, which were 6.5-folds greater than the raw stalk. These demonstrations for using SMAP to achieve enhanced lignin removal and sugar recovery from biomass highlight its strong application potentials of improving bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass like Miscanthus sinensis, hence making this crop a valuable energy plant.

ACS Style

Chun-Ming Xu; Yi-Fan Gao; Shan-Shan He; Kun Luo; Qiong Yan; Xi-Yu Cheng. Improved sugar recovery from enzymatic hydrolysis of Miscanthus sinensis by surfactant-mediated alkaline pretreatment. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Chun-Ming Xu, Yi-Fan Gao, Shan-Shan He, Kun Luo, Qiong Yan, Xi-Yu Cheng. Improved sugar recovery from enzymatic hydrolysis of Miscanthus sinensis by surfactant-mediated alkaline pretreatment. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Ming Xu; Yi-Fan Gao; Shan-Shan He; Kun Luo; Qiong Yan; Xi-Yu Cheng. 2021. "Improved sugar recovery from enzymatic hydrolysis of Miscanthus sinensis by surfactant-mediated alkaline pretreatment." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Life
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Solanum nigrum L., a hyperaccumulator of cadmium (Cd), is regarded as a promising candidate for phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution. In the present study, the hairy roots of Solanum nigrum L. were selected as a model plant system to study the potential application of Iron-regulated Transporter Gene (IRT1) for the efficient phytoremediation of Cd pollution. The transgenic hairy roots of Solanum nigrum L. expressing the IRT1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana were successfully obtained via the Agrobacterium tumegaciens-mediated method. Expression of IRT1 reduced Cd stress-induced phytotoxic effects. Significantly superior root growth, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and less cell apoptosis were observed in the transgenic hairy roots of Solanum nigrum L. compared to the wild-type lines under Cd stress. Enhanced Cd accumulation was also carried out in the transgenic hairy roots compared to the control (886.8 μg/g vs. 745.0 μg/g). These results provide an important understanding of the Cd tolerance mechanism of transgenic IRT1 hairy roots of Solanum nigrum L., and are of particular importance to the development of a transgenic candidate for efficient phytoremediation process.

ACS Style

Peng Ye; Menghua Wang; Teng Zhang; Xiaoyu Liu; He Jiang; Yaping Sun; Xiyu Cheng; Qiong Yan. Enhanced Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance in Transgenic Hairy Roots of Solanum nigrum L. Expressing Iron-Regulated Transporter Gene IRT1. Life 2020, 10, 324 .

AMA Style

Peng Ye, Menghua Wang, Teng Zhang, Xiaoyu Liu, He Jiang, Yaping Sun, Xiyu Cheng, Qiong Yan. Enhanced Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance in Transgenic Hairy Roots of Solanum nigrum L. Expressing Iron-Regulated Transporter Gene IRT1. Life. 2020; 10 (12):324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Ye; Menghua Wang; Teng Zhang; Xiaoyu Liu; He Jiang; Yaping Sun; Xiyu Cheng; Qiong Yan. 2020. "Enhanced Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance in Transgenic Hairy Roots of Solanum nigrum L. Expressing Iron-Regulated Transporter Gene IRT1." Life 10, no. 12: 324.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2020 in Molecules
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A two-step process was proposed to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Miscanthus sinensis based on a comparative study of acid/alkaline pretreatments. Ferric chloride pretreatment (FP) effectively removed hemicellulose and recovered soluble sugars, but the enzymatic hydrolysis was not efficient. Dilute alkaline pretreatment (ALP) resulted in much better delignification and stronger morphological changes of the sample, making it more accessible to enzymes. While ALP obtained the highest sugar yield during enzymatic hydrolysis, the soluble sugar recovery from the pretreatment stage was still limited. Furthermore, a two-step ferric chloride and dilute alkaline pretreatment (F-ALP) has been successfully developed by effectively recovering soluble sugars in the first FP step and further removing lignin of the FP sample in the second ALP step to improve its enzymatic hydrolysis. As a result, the two-step process yielded the highest total sugar recovery (418.8 mg/g raw stalk) through the whole process.

ACS Style

Lingci Li; Peng Ye; Mengyu Chen; Shangyuan Tang; Ying Luo; Yifan Gao; Qiong Yan; Xiyu Cheng. A Two-Step Ferric Chloride and Dilute Alkaline Pretreatment for Enhancing Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentable Sugar Recovery from Miscanthus sinensis. Molecules 2020, 25, 1843 .

AMA Style

Lingci Li, Peng Ye, Mengyu Chen, Shangyuan Tang, Ying Luo, Yifan Gao, Qiong Yan, Xiyu Cheng. A Two-Step Ferric Chloride and Dilute Alkaline Pretreatment for Enhancing Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentable Sugar Recovery from Miscanthus sinensis. Molecules. 2020; 25 (8):1843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lingci Li; Peng Ye; Mengyu Chen; Shangyuan Tang; Ying Luo; Yifan Gao; Qiong Yan; Xiyu Cheng. 2020. "A Two-Step Ferric Chloride and Dilute Alkaline Pretreatment for Enhancing Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentable Sugar Recovery from Miscanthus sinensis." Molecules 25, no. 8: 1843.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Energies
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Energy crops are not easily converted by microorganisms because of their recalcitrance. This necessitates a pretreatment to improve their biodigestibility. The effects of different pretreatments, as well as their combination on the enzymatic digestibility of Arundo donax L. were systematically investigated to evaluate its potential for bioconversion. Dilute alkaline pretreatment (ALP) using 1.2% NaOH at 120 °C for 30 min resulted in the highest reducing sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysis process because of its strong delignification and morphological modification, while ferric chloride pretreatment (FP) was effective in removing hemicellulose and recovering soluble sugars in the pretreatment stage. Furthermore, an efficient two-step ferric chloride-alkaline pretreatment (FALP) was successfully developed. In the first FP step, easily degradable cellulosic components, especially hemicellulose, were dissolved and then effectively recovered as soluble sugars. Subsequently, the FP sample was further treated in the second ALP step to remove lignin to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of the hardly degradable cellulose. As a result, the integrated two-step process obtained the highest total sugar yield of 420.4 mg/g raw stalk in the whole pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process; hence, the process is a valuable candidate for biofuel production.

ACS Style

Shangyuan Tang; Yushen Cao; Chunming Xu; Yue Wu; Lingci Li; Peng Ye; Ying Luo; Yifan Gao; Yonghong Liao; Qiong Yan; Xiyu Cheng. One-Step or Two-Step Acid/Alkaline Pretreatments to Improve Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Sugar Recovery from Arundo Donax L. Energies 2020, 13, 948 .

AMA Style

Shangyuan Tang, Yushen Cao, Chunming Xu, Yue Wu, Lingci Li, Peng Ye, Ying Luo, Yifan Gao, Yonghong Liao, Qiong Yan, Xiyu Cheng. One-Step or Two-Step Acid/Alkaline Pretreatments to Improve Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Sugar Recovery from Arundo Donax L. Energies. 2020; 13 (4):948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shangyuan Tang; Yushen Cao; Chunming Xu; Yue Wu; Lingci Li; Peng Ye; Ying Luo; Yifan Gao; Yonghong Liao; Qiong Yan; Xiyu Cheng. 2020. "One-Step or Two-Step Acid/Alkaline Pretreatments to Improve Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Sugar Recovery from Arundo Donax L." Energies 13, no. 4: 948.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Brassica campestris L., a hyperaccumulator of cadmium (Cd), is considered a candidate plant for efficient phytoremediation. The hairy roots of Brassica campestris L are chosen here as a model plant system to investigate the response mechanism of Brassica campestris L. to Cd stress. High-throughput sequencing technology is used to identify genes related to Cd tolerance. A total of 2394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified by RNA-Seq analysis, among which 1564 genes are up-regulated, and 830 genes are down-regulated. Data from the gene ontology (GO) analysis indicate that DEGs are mainly involved in metabolic processes. Glutathione metabolism, in which glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are closely related to Cd stress, is identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A Western blot shows that glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are involved in Cd tolerance. These results provide a preliminary understanding of the Cd tolerance mechanism of Brassica campestris L. and are, hence, of particular importance to the future development of an efficient phytoremediation process based on hairy root cultures, genetic modification, and the subsequent regeneration of the whole plant.

ACS Style

Yaping Sun; Qianyun Lu; Yushen Cao; Menghua Wang; Xiyu Cheng; Qiong Yan. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of the Hairy Roots of Brassica campestris L. in Response to Cadmium Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 21, 180 .

AMA Style

Yaping Sun, Qianyun Lu, Yushen Cao, Menghua Wang, Xiyu Cheng, Qiong Yan. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of the Hairy Roots of Brassica campestris L. in Response to Cadmium Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 21 (1):180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaping Sun; Qianyun Lu; Yushen Cao; Menghua Wang; Xiyu Cheng; Qiong Yan. 2019. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of the Hairy Roots of Brassica campestris L. in Response to Cadmium Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1: 180.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2019 in Molecules
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In this study, effects of different pretreatment methods on the enzymatic digestibility of Pennisetum alopecuroides, a ubiquitous wild grass in China, were investigated to evaluate its potential as a feedstock for biofuel production. The stalk samples were separately pretreated with H2SO4, NaOH and FeCl3 solutions of different concentrations at 120 °C for 30 min, after which enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted to measure the digestibility of pretreated samples. Results demonstrated that different pretreatments were effective at removing hemicellulose, among which ferric chloride pretreatment (FCP) gave the highest soluble sugar recovery (200.2 mg/g raw stalk) from the pretreatment stage. In comparison with FCP and dilute acid pretreatment (DAP), dilute alkaline pretreatment (DALP) induced much higher delignification and stronger morphological changes of the biomass, making it more accessible to hydrolysis enzymes. As a result, DALP using 1.2% NaOH showed the highest total soluble sugar yield through the whole process from pretreatment to enzymatic hydrolysis (508.5 mg/g raw stalk). The present work indicates that DALP and FCP have the potential to enhance the effective bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass like P. alopecuroides, hence making this material a valuable and promising energy plant.

ACS Style

Shangyuan Tang; Chunming Xu; Linh Tran Khanh Vu; Sicheng Liu; Peng Ye; Lingci Li; Yuxuan Wu; Mengyu Chen; Yao Xiao; Yue Wu; Yining Wang; Qiong Yan; Xiyu Cheng. Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pennisetum alopecuroides by Dilute Acid, Alkaline and Ferric Chloride Pretreatments. Molecules 2019, 24, 1715 .

AMA Style

Shangyuan Tang, Chunming Xu, Linh Tran Khanh Vu, Sicheng Liu, Peng Ye, Lingci Li, Yuxuan Wu, Mengyu Chen, Yao Xiao, Yue Wu, Yining Wang, Qiong Yan, Xiyu Cheng. Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pennisetum alopecuroides by Dilute Acid, Alkaline and Ferric Chloride Pretreatments. Molecules. 2019; 24 (9):1715.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shangyuan Tang; Chunming Xu; Linh Tran Khanh Vu; Sicheng Liu; Peng Ye; Lingci Li; Yuxuan Wu; Mengyu Chen; Yao Xiao; Yue Wu; Yining Wang; Qiong Yan; Xiyu Cheng. 2019. "Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pennisetum alopecuroides by Dilute Acid, Alkaline and Ferric Chloride Pretreatments." Molecules 24, no. 9: 1715.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2015 in BMC Public Health
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Itai-itai disease primarily results from cadmium (Cd) exposure and is known as one of the four major pollution diseases in Japan. Cd pollution is more serious in several areas of China than in Japan. However, there is still a lack of information regarding the threshold level of Cd exposure for the adverse health effects in the general Chinese population. This study aims to evaluate the reference value of urinary Cd (UCd) for renal dysfunction in a Chinese population as the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) based on a large sample survey. A total of 6103 participants who lived in five Cd polluted areas of China participated in this study. We analyzed UCd levels as a biomarker of exposure and urinary β2-microglobulin (Uβ2-MG) levels as a renal tubular effect biomarker. The BMD studies were performed using BMD software. The benchmark response (BMR) was defined as a 10% additional risk above the background. There was a positive correlation between the UCd levels and the prevalence of Uβ2-MG. The BMD of UCd for Uβ2-MG was estimated for each province. The findings showed that the BMD levels were related to the participants' geographic region, which may be partially due to the large differences in Cd exposure level, ethnic group, lifestyle and diet of the sample population in these study areas. The reference level of UCd for the renal effects was further evaluated by combining the five sets of data from all 6103 subjects. The overall BMDLs of UCd for Uβ2-MG with an excess risk of 10% were 2.00 μg/g creatinine (μg/g cr) in males and 1.69 μg/g cr in females, which were significantly lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold level of 5 μg/g cr for Cd-related renal effects. The selection of the sample population and geographic region affected the BMDL evaluation. Based on the findings of this survey of a large sample population, the UCd BMDLs for Uβ2-MG in males with BMRs at 10% were 2.00 μg/g cr. The BMD was slightly lower in females, which indicated that females may be relatively more sensitive to Cd exposure than males.

ACS Style

Shen Ke; Xi-Yu Cheng; Jie-Ying Zhang; Wen-Jing Jia; Hao Li; Hui-Fang Luo; Peng-He Ge; Ze-Min Liu; Hong-Mei Wang; Jin-Sheng He; Zhi-Nan Chen. Estimation of the benchmark dose of urinary cadmium as the reference level for renal dysfunction: a large sample study in five cadmium polluted areas in China. BMC Public Health 2015, 15, 656 .

AMA Style

Shen Ke, Xi-Yu Cheng, Jie-Ying Zhang, Wen-Jing Jia, Hao Li, Hui-Fang Luo, Peng-He Ge, Ze-Min Liu, Hong-Mei Wang, Jin-Sheng He, Zhi-Nan Chen. Estimation of the benchmark dose of urinary cadmium as the reference level for renal dysfunction: a large sample study in five cadmium polluted areas in China. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15 (1):656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shen Ke; Xi-Yu Cheng; Jie-Ying Zhang; Wen-Jing Jia; Hao Li; Hui-Fang Luo; Peng-He Ge; Ze-Min Liu; Hong-Mei Wang; Jin-Sheng He; Zhi-Nan Chen. 2015. "Estimation of the benchmark dose of urinary cadmium as the reference level for renal dysfunction: a large sample study in five cadmium polluted areas in China." BMC Public Health 15, no. 1: 656.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2015 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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A total of 484 rice samples were collected from five polluted areas in China to investigate the cadmium (Cd) contamination of rice and its potential health risks. The mean Cd contents of analyzed rice samples obtained from different areas ranged from 0.149 to 0.189 mg·kg(-1). Cd concentrations in more than 18% of rice samples exceeded the maximum allowable Cd concentration, and the highest level of 41.1% was observed in samples from Hezhang, Guizhou, which was characterized by serious Cd pollution. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values of 1.5 to 7.8 from rice intake indicated a significant non-carcinogenic health risk for humans, particularly for highly exposed consumers. Children are more at risk than adults, as indicated by the higher THQs. Moreover, carcinogenic risks of Cd from rice intake for average and high consumers in the selected areas were two to three and four to eight greater, respectively, than the threshold value recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.

ACS Style

Shen Ke; Xi-Yu Cheng; Ni Zhang; Hong-Gang Hu; Qiong Yan; Ling-Ling Hou; Xin Sun; Zhi-Nan Chen. Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2015, 187, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Shen Ke, Xi-Yu Cheng, Ni Zhang, Hong-Gang Hu, Qiong Yan, Ling-Ling Hou, Xin Sun, Zhi-Nan Chen. Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2015; 187 (7):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shen Ke; Xi-Yu Cheng; Ni Zhang; Hong-Gang Hu; Qiong Yan; Ling-Ling Hou; Xin Sun; Zhi-Nan Chen. 2015. "Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187, no. 7: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in Biomedical and Environmental Sciences
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A survey involving 6103 participants from five Chinese provinces was conducted to evaluate the threshold value of urinary cadmium (UCd) for renal dysfunction as benchmark dose low (BMDL). The urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG) was chosen as an effect biomarker. The UCd BMDLs for UNAG ranged from 2.18 μg/g creatinine (cr) to 4.26 μg/g cr in the populations of different provinces. The selection of the sample population and area affect the evaluation of the BMDL. The reference level of UCd for renal effects was further evaluated based on the data of all 6103 subjects. With benchmark responses (BMR) of 10%/5%, the overall UCd BMDLs for males in the total population were 3.73/2.08 μg/g cr. The BMD was slightly lower in females, thereby indicating that females may be relatively more sensitive to Cd exposure than are males.

ACS Style

Shen Ke; Qin Mei Ke; Wen Jing Jia; Xi Yu Cheng; Hao Li; Jie Ying Zhang; Hui Fang Luo; Jin Sheng He; Zhi Nan Chen. Benchmark Dose Estimation for Cadmium-Induced Renal Effects Based on a Large Sample Population from Five Chinese Provinces. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015, 28, 1 .

AMA Style

Shen Ke, Qin Mei Ke, Wen Jing Jia, Xi Yu Cheng, Hao Li, Jie Ying Zhang, Hui Fang Luo, Jin Sheng He, Zhi Nan Chen. Benchmark Dose Estimation for Cadmium-Induced Renal Effects Based on a Large Sample Population from Five Chinese Provinces. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. 2015; 28 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shen Ke; Qin Mei Ke; Wen Jing Jia; Xi Yu Cheng; Hao Li; Jie Ying Zhang; Hui Fang Luo; Jin Sheng He; Zhi Nan Chen. 2015. "Benchmark Dose Estimation for Cadmium-Induced Renal Effects Based on a Large Sample Population from Five Chinese Provinces." Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 28, no. 5: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Science of The Total Environment
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A survey of more than 6000 participants from four distinct non-polluted and polluted regions in China was conducted to evaluate the body burden of cadmium (Cd) on the Chinese populations using urinary Cd (UCd) as a biomarker. The findings revealed that the UCd level was 1.24 μg/g creatinine (μg/g cr) for the sample population from non-polluted Shanghai, and the UCd levels exceeded 5 μg/g cr, which is the health-based exposure limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1.1% of people. The mean UCd levels in moderately polluted (Hubei and Liaoning) and highly polluted areas (Guizhou) were 4.69 μg/g cr, 3.62 μg/g cr and 6.08 μg/g cr, respectively, and these levels were 2.9 to 4.9 times the levels observed in Shanghai. Notably, the UCd levels exceeded the recently updated human biomonitoring II values (i.e., intervention or "action level") in 44.8%-87.9% of people from these areas compared to only 5.1%-21.4% of people in Shanghai. The corresponding prevalence of elevated UCd levels (>WHO threshold, 5 μg/g cr) was also significantly higher (30.7% to 63.8% vs. 1.1%), which indicates that elevated Cd-induced health risks to residents in these areas. Age and region were significant determinants for UCd levels in a population, whereas gender did not significantly influence UCd.

ACS Style

Shen Ke; Xi-Yu Cheng; Hao Li; Wen-Jing Jia; Jie-Ying Zhang; Hui-Fang Luo; Zi-Ling Wang; Zhi-Nan Chen. Body burden of cadmium and its related factors: A large-scale survey in China. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 511, 649 -654.

AMA Style

Shen Ke, Xi-Yu Cheng, Hao Li, Wen-Jing Jia, Jie-Ying Zhang, Hui-Fang Luo, Zi-Ling Wang, Zhi-Nan Chen. Body burden of cadmium and its related factors: A large-scale survey in China. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 511 ():649-654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shen Ke; Xi-Yu Cheng; Hao Li; Wen-Jing Jia; Jie-Ying Zhang; Hui-Fang Luo; Zi-Ling Wang; Zhi-Nan Chen. 2015. "Body burden of cadmium and its related factors: A large-scale survey in China." Science of The Total Environment 511, no. : 649-654.