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Mai-He Li
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland

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Journal article
Published: 07 August 2021 in Forests
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Understanding the effects of soil stoichiometry and nutrient resorption on soil CO2 emissions is critical for predicting forest ecosystem nutritional demands and limitations tooptimal forest growth. In this study, we examined the effects of above- and belowground stoichiometry on soil CO2 emissions and their mediating effect on soil respiration in subtropical moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantations. Our results showed that the soil respiration rate did not differ significantly among four bamboo stands. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations were higher in bamboo leaves than litter, whereas the C:N and C:P ratios showed the opposite trend. Significant positive correlations of soil cumulative CO2 emission with litter C:P (p = 0.012) and N:P (p = 0.041) ratios indicated that litter stoichiometry was a better predictor of soil respiration than aboveground stoichiometry. Cumulative soil CO2 emissions were significantly negatively correlated with soil microbe C:N (p = 0.021) and C:N (p = 0.036) ratios, and with soil respiratory quotients (p< 0.001). These results suggest that litter and soil stoichiometry are reliable indicators of the soil respiration rate. This study provides important information about the effects of ecosystem stoichiometry and soil microbial biomass on soil CO2 emissions and highlights them editing role of soil nutritional demands and limitations in the association between soil respiration rates and aboveground plant tissues.

ACS Style

Xiaokun Tian; Xiaogai Ge; Benzhi Zhou; Maihe Li. The Linkage of Soil CO2 Emissions in a Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachysedulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) Plantation with Aboveground and Belowground Stoichiometry. Forests 2021, 12, 1052 .

AMA Style

Xiaokun Tian, Xiaogai Ge, Benzhi Zhou, Maihe Li. The Linkage of Soil CO2 Emissions in a Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachysedulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) Plantation with Aboveground and Belowground Stoichiometry. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):1052.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaokun Tian; Xiaogai Ge; Benzhi Zhou; Maihe Li. 2021. "The Linkage of Soil CO2 Emissions in a Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachysedulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) Plantation with Aboveground and Belowground Stoichiometry." Forests 12, no. 8: 1052.

Research article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
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Litterfall is a good indicator of overall forest functions in forest ecosystems. Globally, forest litterfall has been extensively investigated, however, there is a lack of long-term data analysis to show the various litterfall components in relation to environmental factors on the monthly and yearly scales. Here, monthly (May – October) and annual (1981 – 2018) litterfall including leaves, twigs, bark, reproductive and miscellaneous fractions were collected in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest on Changbai Mountain in Northeast, China, across 30 years. Based on these long-term litterfall data, we analyzed the seasonal and annual variations in different litterfall fractions and the internal/external drivers. We observed that both the leaf and total litterfall exhibited a strong, similar seasonal pattern, with the highest levels between September and October, and the annual litterfall had an “S-shaped” increasing pattern from 1981 – 2018. The other litterfall fractions showed distinct monthly and yearly fluctuations across the 30 years. Mean monthly evapotranspiration and temperature (minimum and maximum) were the best predictors for monthly litterfall. By contrast, the models that best predicted the annual litterfall production included mean annual precipitation, and mean monthly precipitation and temperature in May and October. Our study, using a unique dataset of detailed long-term litterfall dynamics, has potentially major significance for enhancing our understanding on the role of climatic factors controlling forest litterfall amount and seasonality in temperate mixed mature forests. This insight is paramount importance for modeling and estimating soil carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling of temperate forests under climate change.

ACS Style

C. G. Wang; X. B. Zheng; A. Z. Wang; G. H. Dai; B. K. Zhu; Y. M. Zhao; S. J. Dong; W. Z. Zu; W. Wang; Y. G. Zheng; J. G. Li; M.‐H. Li. Temperature and Precipitation Diversely Control Seasonal and Annual Dynamics of Litterfall in a Temperate Mixed Mature Forest, Revealed by Long‐Term Data Analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 2021, 126, 1 .

AMA Style

C. G. Wang, X. B. Zheng, A. Z. Wang, G. H. Dai, B. K. Zhu, Y. M. Zhao, S. J. Dong, W. Z. Zu, W. Wang, Y. G. Zheng, J. G. Li, M.‐H. Li. Temperature and Precipitation Diversely Control Seasonal and Annual Dynamics of Litterfall in a Temperate Mixed Mature Forest, Revealed by Long‐Term Data Analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 2021; 126 (7):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. G. Wang; X. B. Zheng; A. Z. Wang; G. H. Dai; B. K. Zhu; Y. M. Zhao; S. J. Dong; W. Z. Zu; W. Wang; Y. G. Zheng; J. G. Li; M.‐H. Li. 2021. "Temperature and Precipitation Diversely Control Seasonal and Annual Dynamics of Litterfall in a Temperate Mixed Mature Forest, Revealed by Long‐Term Data Analysis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 126, no. 7: 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2021 in Forest Ecology and Management
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In most defoliation experiments with evergreen trees, leaves are removed proportionally across all leaf age classes or only the younger ones are removed. However, it remains unclear how the ecophysiological functions of older foliage potentially differ from those of younger leaves. Hence, we conducted a field experiment with five intensities of artificial defoliation (0%, 11% needle biomass loss = all ≥ 5-year-old needles removed, 27% loss = all ≥ 4-year-old needles removed, 46% loss = all ≥ 3-year-old needles removed, and 71% loss = all ≥ 2-year-old needles removed) of Abies alba trees grown under low-light (LL, 28% of full sunlight) and high-light conditions (HL, 70%). Photosynthesis of the remaining one-year-old needles; concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs = soluble sugars + starch), total nitrogen (N), and soluble protein (SP) in stem sapwood and one-year-old needles; and tree height and stem radial growth rates were measured. We found that growth light conditions, rather than old needle defoliation up to a needle biomass loss of 70%, significantly affected growth, photosynthetic capacity and concentrations of tissue N, SP, and NSCs, with levels of all parameters greater in HL trees than in LL tress. Defoliation-induced compensatory growth was found in HL trees only, whereas tree height growth rates tended to decrease with increasing defoliation intensity in LL trees. Our results indicate that light availability, rather than damage to older foliage, plays an important role in determining plant physiology and growth. These results from A. alba trees suggest that the resource uptake by older foliage almost balances their resource consumption, leading to the conclusion that the older needles from evergreen trees physiologically contribute less to the whole-tree carbon and nitrogen balance. Our findings also suggest that the effects of older foliage defoliation on forest survival and productivity may have been overestimated in past forest ecosystem management practices, while the physiological functions of the youngest foliage may have been underestimated.

ACS Style

Yue Yang; Ao Wang; Paolo Cherubini; Norbert Kräuchi; Yanyan Ni; Zhengfang Wu; Hong S. He; Mai-He Li; Marcus Schaub. Physiological and growth responses to defoliation of older needles in Abies alba trees grown under two light regimes. Forest Ecology and Management 2021, 484, 118947 .

AMA Style

Yue Yang, Ao Wang, Paolo Cherubini, Norbert Kräuchi, Yanyan Ni, Zhengfang Wu, Hong S. He, Mai-He Li, Marcus Schaub. Physiological and growth responses to defoliation of older needles in Abies alba trees grown under two light regimes. Forest Ecology and Management. 2021; 484 ():118947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Yang; Ao Wang; Paolo Cherubini; Norbert Kräuchi; Yanyan Ni; Zhengfang Wu; Hong S. He; Mai-He Li; Marcus Schaub. 2021. "Physiological and growth responses to defoliation of older needles in Abies alba trees grown under two light regimes." Forest Ecology and Management 484, no. : 118947.

Original research
Published: 26 January 2021 in Ecology and Evolution
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The Sanjiang Plain is the biggest freshwater wetland locating in northeastern China. Due to climate change and human activities, that wetland has degraded to a successional gradient from the original flooded wetland to dry shrub vegetation and a forest area with lower ground water level, which may result in changes in soil microbiologic structure and functions. The present study investigated the microbial diversity and community structure in relation to soil properties along that successional gradient. The soil physico‐chemical properties changed significantly with degradation stage. The Shannon diversity index of both soil bacteria (5.90–6.42) and fungi (1.7–4.19) varied significantly with successional stage (both p < .05). The community structures of soil bacteria and fungi in the early successional stages (i.e., the wetland) were significantly determined by water content, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen concentrations in soils, while those in the later successional stages (i.e., forests) were significantly structured by soil organic carbon, soil pH, and available phosphorus concentrations. These results suggest that the soil microbial structure is mainly determined by soil properties rather than by plant community such as plant species composition along successional stages.

ACS Style

Xin Sui; Rongtao Zhang; Beat Frey; Libin Yang; Yingnan Liu; Hongwei Ni; Mai‐He Li. Soil physicochemical properties drive the variation in soil microbial communities along a forest successional series in a degraded wetland in northeastern China. Ecology and Evolution 2021, 11, 2194 -2208.

AMA Style

Xin Sui, Rongtao Zhang, Beat Frey, Libin Yang, Yingnan Liu, Hongwei Ni, Mai‐He Li. Soil physicochemical properties drive the variation in soil microbial communities along a forest successional series in a degraded wetland in northeastern China. Ecology and Evolution. 2021; 11 (5):2194-2208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Sui; Rongtao Zhang; Beat Frey; Libin Yang; Yingnan Liu; Hongwei Ni; Mai‐He Li. 2021. "Soil physicochemical properties drive the variation in soil microbial communities along a forest successional series in a degraded wetland in northeastern China." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 5: 2194-2208.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Forests
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The root of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) develops extremely rapidly at seedling phase and is highly sensitive to water content in soil, but its response patterns and adaptation strategies of its root to drought are little known. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of root morphology and architecture of Moso bamboo to drought at seedling phase and then to explore the drought adaptation strategies of its root. One-year-old potted seedlings of Moso bamboo were planted under three drought treatments (control, moderate drought and severe drought) for three months. Seedling growth, specific root length (SRL), root architecture (fractal dimension (FD), root branching angle (RBA) and root topological index (TI)) and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in roots were measured every month. The results are as follows: (i) The dry weight of root and shoot decreased significantly under drought stress. (ii) The SRL decreased under drought stress in the early duration (the first month), and then increased in the late duration (the third month). Both FD and RBA decreased, while TI and the concentrations of NSCs increased under drought stress. (iii) The NSC concentrations were positively correlated with SRL and TI, but exhibited an inverse relationship to FD and RBA. Our results indicated that Moso bamboo seedlings formed a “steeper, simpler, expensive (low SRL and high TI)” root architecture to adapt to a short-term drought (one month), and formed a “cheaper (high SRL)” root to adapt to a long-term drought (three months). Increase of NSC concentrations supported the root architecture plasticity to some extent.

ACS Style

Zhenya Yang; Yonghui Cao; Jiancheng Zhao; Benzhi Zhou; Xiaogai Ge; Qin Li; Maihe Li. Root Response of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) Seedlings to Drought with Different Intensities and Durations. Forests 2020, 12, 50 .

AMA Style

Zhenya Yang, Yonghui Cao, Jiancheng Zhao, Benzhi Zhou, Xiaogai Ge, Qin Li, Maihe Li. Root Response of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) Seedlings to Drought with Different Intensities and Durations. Forests. 2020; 12 (1):50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenya Yang; Yonghui Cao; Jiancheng Zhao; Benzhi Zhou; Xiaogai Ge; Qin Li; Maihe Li. 2020. "Root Response of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) Seedlings to Drought with Different Intensities and Durations." Forests 12, no. 1: 50.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2020 in Forest Ecology and Management
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The ability of plants to tolerate freezing limits their geographical distribution. Therefore, winter warming may shift a species’ occurrence northwards and/or to higher altitudes. In Europe, the hemiparasitic vascular plant Viscum album (mistletoe) has two common and widespread subspecies: V. a. ssp. album and V. a. ssp. austriacum. The former has a more northern geographic distribution than the latter. Therefore we hypothesised that seeds of V. a. ssp. album are more tolerant to freezing than those of V. a. ssp. austriacum. From these two mistletoe subspecies V. a. ssp. austriacum is, in some managed forest areas, considered a novel threat to tree growth and forest health. Berries of V. a. ssp. album were collected from Sweden, Poland and Switzerland and berries of V. a. ssp. austriacum were collected from Poland, Switzerland and Spain. After storage at −3 °C, seeds were extracted from the pulp of berries and exposed to eight different temperatures between −8 °C and −30 °C, with the storage temperature serving as the control. After freezing treatments, germination of seeds was monitored. In addition, differential thermal analysis was used to measure freeze tolerance of seeds. The seeds of V. a. ssp. album tolerated lower temperatures than seeds of V. a. ssp. austriacum. The temperature at which 50% of seeds lost their ability to germinate (LT50) was −15 °C in V. a. ssp. austriacum and between −15 °C and −19 °C in V. a. ssp. album. The results of differential thermal analysis to determine the freezing point of seeds supported these findings. The freezing tolerance of mistletoe seeds was relatively well coupled with the winter climate at the edge of their current geographic distribution. Based on our results, the warming of winters may eliminate the abiotic barrier that has thus far limited mistletoes’ expansion, opening a window of opportunity for these parasites to increase their abundance and shift their distribution range towards higher latitudes and altitudes. Although mistletoes play important ecological roles in forest ecosystems, their recent increase has raised concern among forest managers, because they may cause a substantial reduction in tree growth in single species dominated stands. Increasing tree species diversity might be an effective method for limiting future mass infestations in homogeneous managed forests.

ACS Style

Olli-Pekka Tikkanen; Jouni Kilpeläinen; Ana Mellado; Aino Hämäläinen; José A. Hódar; Bogdan Jaroszewicz; Minna Luoto; Tapani Repo; Andreas Rigling; Ao Wang; Mai-He Li; Tarja Lehto. Freezing tolerance of seeds can explain differences in the distribution of two widespread mistletoe subspecies in Europe. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 482, 118806 .

AMA Style

Olli-Pekka Tikkanen, Jouni Kilpeläinen, Ana Mellado, Aino Hämäläinen, José A. Hódar, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Minna Luoto, Tapani Repo, Andreas Rigling, Ao Wang, Mai-He Li, Tarja Lehto. Freezing tolerance of seeds can explain differences in the distribution of two widespread mistletoe subspecies in Europe. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 482 ():118806.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Olli-Pekka Tikkanen; Jouni Kilpeläinen; Ana Mellado; Aino Hämäläinen; José A. Hódar; Bogdan Jaroszewicz; Minna Luoto; Tapani Repo; Andreas Rigling; Ao Wang; Mai-He Li; Tarja Lehto. 2020. "Freezing tolerance of seeds can explain differences in the distribution of two widespread mistletoe subspecies in Europe." Forest Ecology and Management 482, no. : 118806.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2020 in Forest Ecology and Management
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In the cold temperate zone of the western and southern slopes of the Changbai Mountain, Betula ermanii Cham. forest, Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière forest, and mixed forests of B. ermanii and P. jezoensis are heterogeneously distributed in a mosaic of patches, and the reason for this formation is still unclear. In August 1986, a typhoon disturbed the forests on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain, forming a large number of forest gaps. After more than 30 years of vegetation succession, vegetation patches in wind-stricken areas are obvious. To reveal the effects of catastrophic wind on the patch mosaic structure of these forests, a study was carried out in the cold temperate wind-stricken areas of the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain. Vegetation differences were classified according to the degree of vegetation damage by the catastrophic wind and the status of vegetation restoration was investigated, as well as the soil fertility was determined. The results show that the degree of forest damage caused by the catastrophic wind is not homogeneous, and there are significant differences in community composition and structure in the wind-stricken areas. After 30 years of restoration, some of the differences in damaged forests have been enhanced. The heterogeneity of vegetation in wind-stricken areas is due to both the difference in the degree of catastrophic wind damage and the differences in the succession of the damaged vegetation. There is a strong correlation between vegetation and soil fertility, and the variation in soil fertility strengthens the heterogeneity of vegetation in wind-stricken areas. Therefore, it can be inferred that several catastrophic wind disasters may occur in the history, which resulted in succession from shrub and herb to B. ermanii forest and then from B. ermanii forest to P. jezoensis forest on the western and southern slopes. This pattern of disturbance and succession formed the patch mosaic distribution pattern of the forests on Changbai Mountain.

ACS Style

Yinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Yan Tao; Huiyun Wang; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Chen Zhao; Xinli Shui; Mai-He Li. Effects of catastrophic wind disturbance on formation of forest patch mosaic structure on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 481, 118746 .

AMA Style

Yinghua Jin, Jiawei Xu, Hongshi He, Yan Tao, Huiyun Wang, Yingjie Zhang, Rui Hu, Xiang Gao, Yunyu Bai, Chen Zhao, Xinli Shui, Mai-He Li. Effects of catastrophic wind disturbance on formation of forest patch mosaic structure on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 481 ():118746.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Yan Tao; Huiyun Wang; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Chen Zhao; Xinli Shui; Mai-He Li. 2020. "Effects of catastrophic wind disturbance on formation of forest patch mosaic structure on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain." Forest Ecology and Management 481, no. : 118746.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2020 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Drought alters carbon (C) allocation within trees, thereby impairing tree growth. Recovery of root and leaf functioning and prioritized C supply to sink tissues after drought may compensate for drought-induced reduction of assimilation and growth. It remains unclear if C allocation to sink tissues during and following drought is controlled by altered sink metabolic activities or by the availability of new assimilates. Understanding such mechanisms is required to predict forests’ resilience to a changing climate. We investigated the impact of drought and drought release on C allocation in a 100-y-old Scots pine forest. We applied 13CO2 pulse labeling to naturally dry control and long-term irrigated trees and tracked the fate of the label in above- and belowground C pools and fluxes. Allocation of new assimilates belowground was ca. 53% lower under nonirrigated conditions. A short rainfall event, which led to a temporary increase in the soil water content (SWC) in the topsoil, strongly increased the amounts of C transported belowground in the nonirrigated plots to values comparable to those in the irrigated plots. This switch in allocation patterns was congruent with a tipping point at around 15% SWC in the response of the respiratory activity of soil microbes. These results indicate that the metabolic sink activity in the rhizosphere and its modulation by soil moisture can drive C allocation within adult trees and ecosystems. Even a subtle increase in soil moisture can lead to a rapid recovery of belowground functions that in turn affects the direction of C transport in trees.

ACS Style

Jobin Joseph; Decai Gao; Bernhard Backes; Corinne Bloch; Ivano Brunner; Gerd Gleixner; Matthias Haeni; Henrik Hartmann; Günter Hoch; Christian Hug; Ansgar Kahmen; Marco M. Lehmann; Mai-He Li; Jörg Luster; Martina Peter; Christian Poll; Andreas Rigling; Kaisa A. Rissanen; Nadine K. Ruehr; Matthias Saurer; Marcus Schaub; Leonie Schönbeck; Benjamin Stern; Frank M. Thomas; Roland A. Werner; Willy Werner; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Frank Hagedorn; Arthur Gessler. Rhizosphere activity in an old-growth forest reacts rapidly to changes in soil moisture and shapes whole-tree carbon allocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020, 117, 24885 -24892.

AMA Style

Jobin Joseph, Decai Gao, Bernhard Backes, Corinne Bloch, Ivano Brunner, Gerd Gleixner, Matthias Haeni, Henrik Hartmann, Günter Hoch, Christian Hug, Ansgar Kahmen, Marco M. Lehmann, Mai-He Li, Jörg Luster, Martina Peter, Christian Poll, Andreas Rigling, Kaisa A. Rissanen, Nadine K. Ruehr, Matthias Saurer, Marcus Schaub, Leonie Schönbeck, Benjamin Stern, Frank M. Thomas, Roland A. Werner, Willy Werner, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Frank Hagedorn, Arthur Gessler. Rhizosphere activity in an old-growth forest reacts rapidly to changes in soil moisture and shapes whole-tree carbon allocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020; 117 (40):24885-24892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jobin Joseph; Decai Gao; Bernhard Backes; Corinne Bloch; Ivano Brunner; Gerd Gleixner; Matthias Haeni; Henrik Hartmann; Günter Hoch; Christian Hug; Ansgar Kahmen; Marco M. Lehmann; Mai-He Li; Jörg Luster; Martina Peter; Christian Poll; Andreas Rigling; Kaisa A. Rissanen; Nadine K. Ruehr; Matthias Saurer; Marcus Schaub; Leonie Schönbeck; Benjamin Stern; Frank M. Thomas; Roland A. Werner; Willy Werner; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Frank Hagedorn; Arthur Gessler. 2020. "Rhizosphere activity in an old-growth forest reacts rapidly to changes in soil moisture and shapes whole-tree carbon allocation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 40: 24885-24892.

Preprint content
Published: 25 August 2020
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Drought alters allocation patterns of carbon (C) and nutrients in trees and eventually impairs tree functioning. Elevated soil nutrient availability might alter the response of trees to drought. We hypothesize that increased soil nutrient availability stimulates root metabolism and carbon allocation to belowground tissues under drought stress. To test this hypothesis, we subjected three-year-old Pinus sylvestris saplings in open-top cambers during two subsequent years to drought using three different water treatments (100%, 20% and 0% plant available water in the soil) and two soil nutrient regimes (ambient and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) fertilization corresponding to 5 g N/m2/yr) and released drought thereafter. We conducted a 15N and 13C labelling experiment during the peak of the first-year drought by injecting 15N labelled fertilizer in the soil and exposing the tree canopies to 13C labelled CO2. The abundance of the N and C isotopes in the roots, stem and needles was assessed during the following year. C uptake was slightly lower in drought stressed trees, and extreme drought inhibited largely the N uptake and transport. Carbon allocation to belowground tissues was decreased under drought, but not in combination with fertilization. Our results indicate a potential positive feedback loop, where fertilization improved the metabolism and functioning of the roots, stimulating the source activity and hence C allocation to belowground tissues. This way, soil nutrients compensated for drought-induced loss of root functioning, mitigating drought stress of trees.

ACS Style

Leonie Schonbeck; Mai-He Li; Marco Lehmann; Andreas Rigling; Marcus Schaub; Guenter Hoch; Ansgar Kahmen; Arthur Gessler. Soil nutrient availability alters tree carbon allocation dynamics during drought. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Leonie Schonbeck, Mai-He Li, Marco Lehmann, Andreas Rigling, Marcus Schaub, Guenter Hoch, Ansgar Kahmen, Arthur Gessler. Soil nutrient availability alters tree carbon allocation dynamics during drought. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonie Schonbeck; Mai-He Li; Marco Lehmann; Andreas Rigling; Marcus Schaub; Guenter Hoch; Ansgar Kahmen; Arthur Gessler. 2020. "Soil nutrient availability alters tree carbon allocation dynamics during drought." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2020 in Plants
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(1) Understanding tree seedling responses to water, nutrient, and light availability is crucial to precisely predict potential shifts in composition and structure of forest communities under future climatic conditions. (2) We exposed seedlings of widespread Central European tree species with contrasting leaf habit, deciduous broadleaves (DB) and evergreen conifers (EC), to factorial combinations of manipulated precipitation (100% and 50% of ambient), shade (40% and 60% of full sunlight), and nutrient availability (low and high NPK), and measured specific leaf area, C/N ratio, soluble sugars, starch and non-structural carbohydrate concentration, and δ13C of the leaves. (3) We found contrasting effects of water and nutrient availability on foliar traits of the two species groups: EC exhibited higher tolerance to low resource availability but also less plasticity in foliar traits, which is congruent with a “slow” resource strategy. In contrast, foliage of DB reacted particularly to altered nutrient availability, corresponding to a “fast” resource strategy with high foliar plasticity and rapid adjustments to resource fluctuations, commonly adopted by species with high growth rates. (4) We conclude that DB will respond to environmental change with foliar acclimation, while EC will either tolerate, to some extent, or shift their distribution range in response to environmental change.

ACS Style

Yan-Li Zhang; Barbara Moser; Mai-He Li; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Jing-Pin Lei; Christoph Bachofen. Contrasting Leaf Trait Responses of Conifer and Broadleaved Seedlings to Altered Resource Availability Are Linked to Resource Strategies. Plants 2020, 9, 621 .

AMA Style

Yan-Li Zhang, Barbara Moser, Mai-He Li, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Jing-Pin Lei, Christoph Bachofen. Contrasting Leaf Trait Responses of Conifer and Broadleaved Seedlings to Altered Resource Availability Are Linked to Resource Strategies. Plants. 2020; 9 (5):621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan-Li Zhang; Barbara Moser; Mai-He Li; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Jing-Pin Lei; Christoph Bachofen. 2020. "Contrasting Leaf Trait Responses of Conifer and Broadleaved Seedlings to Altered Resource Availability Are Linked to Resource Strategies." Plants 9, no. 5: 621.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Regions at high latitudes and high altitudes are undergoing a more pronounced winter warming than spring warming, and such asymmetric warming will affect chilling and forcing processes and thus the spring phenology of plants. We analyzed winter chilling and spring forcing accumulation in relation to the spring phenology of three tree species (Ulmus pumila, Populus simonii, and Syringa oblata) growing in a cold region (CR) compared with trees in a warmer reference region (WR), using the Dynamic Model and the Growing Degree Hour (GDH) model. We tested that forcing rather than chilling affects the spring phenology of trees in CR (hypothesis I), and that trees in CR have both lower mean chilling and forcing temperature and thus longer accumulation periods than trees in WR (hypothesis II). The modeling results confirmed that chilling and forcing occur simultaneously during the early spring when temperature gradually increases. In line with our hypotheses, forcing played a crucial role in spring phenology in CR, but chilling and forcing combined to determine spring phenology in WR. The temperature during the chilling and forcing periods was lower and the accumulation period started earlier and ended later in CR than in WR. Moreover, the chilling accumulation was broken into two periods by the low deep winter temperature in CR, and that interruption will be removed by future strong winter warming. Future asymmetric warming, with a stronger temperature increase in winter than in spring, could decrease the forcing accumulation effects and increase the chilling effects on the spring phenology of plants in CR. This change in the balance between chilling and forcing will lead to a shift in plant phenology, which will further have major impacts on biogeochemical cycles and on ecosystem functions and services.

ACS Style

Yue Yang; Zhengfang Wu; Liang Guo; Hong S. He; Yuheng Ling; Lei Wang; Shengwei Zong; Risu Na; Haibo Du; Mai-He Li. Effects of winter chilling vs. spring forcing on the spring phenology of trees in a cold region and a warmer reference region. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 725, 138323 .

AMA Style

Yue Yang, Zhengfang Wu, Liang Guo, Hong S. He, Yuheng Ling, Lei Wang, Shengwei Zong, Risu Na, Haibo Du, Mai-He Li. Effects of winter chilling vs. spring forcing on the spring phenology of trees in a cold region and a warmer reference region. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 725 ():138323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Yang; Zhengfang Wu; Liang Guo; Hong S. He; Yuheng Ling; Lei Wang; Shengwei Zong; Risu Na; Haibo Du; Mai-He Li. 2020. "Effects of winter chilling vs. spring forcing on the spring phenology of trees in a cold region and a warmer reference region." Science of The Total Environment 725, no. : 138323.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Regions at high latitudes and high altitudes are undergoing a more pronounced winter warming than spring warming, and such asymmetric warming will affect chilling and forcing processes and thus the spring phenology of plants. We analyzed winter chilling and spring forcing accumulation in relation to the spring phenology of three tree species (Ulmus pumila, Populus simonii, and Syringa oblata) growing in a cold region (CR) compared with trees in a warmer reference region (WR, using the Dynamic Model and the Growing Degree Hour (GDH) model. We tested that forcing rather than chilling affects the spring phenology of trees in CR (hypothesis I), and that trees in CR have both lower chilling and lower forcing temperatures and thus longer accumulation periods than trees in WR (hypothesis II). In line with our hypotheses, forcing played a crucial role in spring phenology in CR, but chilling and forcing combined to determine spring phenology in WR. The temperatures during the chilling and forcing periods were lower and the accumulation period started earlier and ended later in CR than in WR. Moreover, the chilling accumulation was broken into two periods by the low deep winter temperature in CR. We conclude that asymmetric warming, with a stronger temperature increase in winter than in spring, could decrease the forcing accumulation effects and increase the chilling effects on the spring phenology of plants in CR. This change in the balance between chilling and forcing will lead to a shift in plant phenology, which will further have major impacts on biogeochemical cycles and on ecosystem functioning and services.

ACS Style

Yue Yang; Mai-He Li; Zhengfang Wu; Hong S. He; Haibo Du; Shengwei Zong. Effects of winter chilling vs. spring forcing on the spring phenology of trees in a cold region and a warmer reference region. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Yue Yang, Mai-He Li, Zhengfang Wu, Hong S. He, Haibo Du, Shengwei Zong. Effects of winter chilling vs. spring forcing on the spring phenology of trees in a cold region and a warmer reference region. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Yang; Mai-He Li; Zhengfang Wu; Hong S. He; Haibo Du; Shengwei Zong. 2020. "Effects of winter chilling vs. spring forcing on the spring phenology of trees in a cold region and a warmer reference region." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Besser occurs following the appearance of a pioneer species, Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq., and the former “killed” and replaced the latter during the naturally vegetation succession in sandy dune regions in China. A previous study revealed that the foliage litter of A. halodendron had strong negative allelopathic effects on germination of the soil seed bank and on the seedling growth. It is unclear whether an allelopathic effect of A. halodendron litters positively or negatively affects the seed germination, leading to a progressively replacement of the plant species in sandy dune regions.

We, therefore, carried out a seed germination experiment to determine the allelopathic effects of three litter types of A. halodendron (roots, foliage, and stems) on seed germination of six plant species that progressively occur along a successional gradient in the semi-arid grasslands of northeastern China.

In line with our expectation, we found that the early-successional species rather than the late-successional species were negatively affected by the allelopathic effects of A. halodendron, and that the allelopathic effects on seed germination increase with increasing concentration of litter extracts, irrespective of litter types.

Our study evidenced the negative allelopathic effects of A. halodendron on the species replacement and on the community composition during dune stabilization. Further studies are needed to better understand the successional process and thus to promote the vegetation restoration, as A. halodendron itself disappeared also during the process.

ACS Style

Zhong Du; Yongqing Luo; Zhiqiang Yan; Xueyong Zhao; Yuqiang Li; Yue Yang; Mai-He Li. Artemisia halodendron litters have strong negative allelopathic effects on earlier successional plants during vegetation restoration in a semi-arid sandy dune region in China. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhong Du, Yongqing Luo, Zhiqiang Yan, Xueyong Zhao, Yuqiang Li, Yue Yang, Mai-He Li. Artemisia halodendron litters have strong negative allelopathic effects on earlier successional plants during vegetation restoration in a semi-arid sandy dune region in China. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhong Du; Yongqing Luo; Zhiqiang Yan; Xueyong Zhao; Yuqiang Li; Yue Yang; Mai-He Li. 2020. "Artemisia halodendron litters have strong negative allelopathic effects on earlier successional plants during vegetation restoration in a semi-arid sandy dune region in China." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Forests
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Both exotic and native plant invasions can have profound impacts on ecosystems. While many studies have examined the effects of exotic plant invasions on soil properties, relatively few have tested the effects of native plant invasions on soil microbial communities. Furthermore, we know little about the effects of native plant invasions on microbial communities in litter. In subtropical forests in southern China, we sampled litter at three decomposition stages and top soil in three forest sands representing three stages of the invasion (not invaded, moderately and heavily invaded) by the Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau), a native species in China. We measured chemical properties (concentrations of C, N, P, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn, and concentrations of cellulose and lignin) and microbial communities in litter and/or soil. The bamboo invasion, in general, decreased the element concentrations in litter and soil and also decreased total microbial abundance and diversity. Considering bacteria and fungi separately, the bamboo invasion decreased fungal diversity in litter and soil, but had little impact on bacterial diversity, suggesting that fungi are more sensitive and vulnerable to the bamboo invasion than bacteria. We conclude that native Moso bamboo invasions into subtropical forests may lead to a complex biogeochemical process in the litter–soil system, which may threaten local forest ecosystems by affecting microbial communities and, thus, litter decomposition and nutrient cycling.

ACS Style

Xiao-Kun Tian; Min-Yan Wang; Ping Meng; Jin-Song Zhang; Ben-Zhi Zhou; Xiao-Gai Ge; Fei-Hai Yu; Mai-He Li. Native Bamboo Invasions into Subtropical Forests Alter Microbial Communities in Litter and Soil. Forests 2020, 11, 314 .

AMA Style

Xiao-Kun Tian, Min-Yan Wang, Ping Meng, Jin-Song Zhang, Ben-Zhi Zhou, Xiao-Gai Ge, Fei-Hai Yu, Mai-He Li. Native Bamboo Invasions into Subtropical Forests Alter Microbial Communities in Litter and Soil. Forests. 2020; 11 (3):314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao-Kun Tian; Min-Yan Wang; Ping Meng; Jin-Song Zhang; Ben-Zhi Zhou; Xiao-Gai Ge; Fei-Hai Yu; Mai-He Li. 2020. "Native Bamboo Invasions into Subtropical Forests Alter Microbial Communities in Litter and Soil." Forests 11, no. 3: 314.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2020 in Forests
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The physiological mechanisms driving treeline formation succession captured the attention of ecologists many years ago, yet they are still not fully understood. In this study, physiological parameters (soluble sugars, starch, and nitrogen) were investigated in combination with transcriptomic analysis in the treeline tree species Picea crassifolia. The study was conducted in the middle of Qilian Mountain Reserves, Gansu Province, China, within the elevation range of 2500–3300 m. The results showed that the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates decreased with increasing elevation in the current-year needles and current-year branches, as well as in the coarse and fine roots. RNA-Seq demonstrated that 483 genes were upregulated and 681 were downregulated in the comparison of 2900 and 2500 m (2900 vs. 2500), 770 were upregulated and 1006 were downregulated in 3300 vs. 2500, and 282 were upregulated and 295 were downregulated in 3300 vs. 2900. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in photosynthesis-related processes, carbon fixation and metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, almost all photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated, whereas many genes involved in cuticle lipids and flavonoid biosynthesis were upregulated, contributing to the survival of P. crassifolia under the treeline condition. Thus, our study provided not only molecular evidence for carbon limitation hypothesis in treeline formation, but also a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of treeline tree survival under adverse conditions.

ACS Style

Zheng Shi; Xiuxiu Deng; Dengzhong Bai; Jingpin Lei; Maihe Li; Lixiong Zeng; Wenfa Xiao. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Picea crassifolia Survival for Alpine Treeline Condition. Forests 2020, 11, 156 .

AMA Style

Zheng Shi, Xiuxiu Deng, Dengzhong Bai, Jingpin Lei, Maihe Li, Lixiong Zeng, Wenfa Xiao. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Picea crassifolia Survival for Alpine Treeline Condition. Forests. 2020; 11 (2):156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Shi; Xiuxiu Deng; Dengzhong Bai; Jingpin Lei; Maihe Li; Lixiong Zeng; Wenfa Xiao. 2020. "Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Picea crassifolia Survival for Alpine Treeline Condition." Forests 11, no. 2: 156.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in Scientific Reports
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The bacterial, acidobacterial, and fungal communities in wetlands can undergo perturbations by various human activities, such as disturbances caused by cultivation and during the process of system restoration. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the composition of the soil bacterial, acidobacterial, and fungal communities and the transformation of wetlands by human activities in the Sanjiang Plain. Soil microbial communities were assessed in wetland soils collected from pristine marsh, neighboring cropland (wetland turned into arable land), and land that had been reforested with Larix gmelinii. The alpha-diversities of bacteria, Acidobacteria, and fungi were affected by land-use change and were highest in the arable land and lowest in the wetland soils. The soil microbial community structures were also altered with changing land-use. Canonical correlation analyses showed that beta-diversity was significantly affected by soil pH, available phosphorus, soil nitrogen, and total organic carbon. Overall, our results showed that the agricultural cultivation of wetlands changes the available soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pools, thereby influencing the bacterial, acidobacterial, and fungal diversity and community structure. Once the soil microbial community has been altered by human activity, it might be difficult to restore it to its original state. These findings highlight the importance of effectively maintaining the diversity of soil bacterial, Acidobacterial, and fungal communities despite land use change in order to sustain a microbial community diversity and ecosystem function.

ACS Style

Xin Sui; Rongtao Zhang; Beat Frey; Libin Yang; Mai-He Li; Hongwei Ni. Land use change effects on diversity of soil bacterial, Acidobacterial and fungal communities in wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Xin Sui, Rongtao Zhang, Beat Frey, Libin Yang, Mai-He Li, Hongwei Ni. Land use change effects on diversity of soil bacterial, Acidobacterial and fungal communities in wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Sui; Rongtao Zhang; Beat Frey; Libin Yang; Mai-He Li; Hongwei Ni. 2019. "Land use change effects on diversity of soil bacterial, Acidobacterial and fungal communities in wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2019 in Forests
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Research Highlights: Extraradical mycorrhizal fungal mycelium (MFM) plays critical roles in nutrient absorption and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. However, it is often ignored or treated as a root uptake apparatus in existing biogeochemical models. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to reveal how MFM responds to various, coinciding environmental factors and their interactions. Results: Nitrogen (N) addition and N-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) combination significantly decreased MFM. However, elevated CO2, organic matter addition, P addition, and CO2-N combination significantly increased MFM. In contrast, warming, K addition, N-P combination, and P-K combination did not affect MFM. Mycorrhizal fungal levels (individual vs. community), mycorrhizal type (ectomycorrhizal fungi vs. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), treatment time (1 year), and mycelium estimation/sampling method (biomarker vs. non-biomarker; ingrowth mesh bag vs. soil core) significantly affected the responses of MFM to elevated CO2 and N addition. The effect sizes of N addition significantly increased with mean annual precipitation, but decreased with soil pH and host tree age. The effect sizes of P addition significantly increased with N concentration in host plant leaves. Conclusions: The differential responses revealed emphasize the importance of incorporating MFM in existing biogeochemical models to precisely assess and predict the impacts of global changes on forest ecosystem functions.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li. The Contrasting Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium Associated with Woody Plants to Multiple Environmental Factors. Forests 2019, 10, 973 .

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Shengwei Zong, Mai-He Li. The Contrasting Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium Associated with Woody Plants to Multiple Environmental Factors. Forests. 2019; 10 (11):973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li. 2019. "The Contrasting Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium Associated with Woody Plants to Multiple Environmental Factors." Forests 10, no. 11: 973.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2019 in Forests
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Research Highlights: A detailed picture of the seasonality in fine root biomass (FRB), necromass (FRN), and the biomass/necromass ratio (FRBN) throughout the whole year is crucial to uncover profound effects of long-term environmental changes on fine root dynamics. Materials and Methods: We used meta-analysis to characterize the variability of FRB, FRN and FRBN, and determined their relations with climatic (monthly versus annual), edaphic and geomorphic factors for tropical, temperate and boreal forest biomes across the Northern Hemisphere. Results: Boreal forests exhibited the highest FRB and FRN, while tropical forests yielded the lowest FRN, and thus the greatest FRBN. FRB and FRN significantly decreased with sampling depth, but increased with soil organic carbon content and elevation, while an opposite pattern was found for FRBN. Temperature and precipitation at different time scales (monthly versus annual) and latitude had varying influences on fine roots. High FRB and FRN were observed during dry season for tropical forests, but in the late growing season for temperate forests. The three forest biomes exhibited the high root activity (measured as FRBN) in June or July. Conclusions: It is crucial to realize the universal and specific responses of fine roots to multiple environmental factors when attempting to incorporate these parameters into fine root monthly dynamic models in forest ecosystems. The biome-specific fluctuation of fine roots contributes to identify the influence factors on fine root seasonal patterns throughout the whole year. Our analysis is expected to improve the understanding of the key role of fine roots at monthly level in modeling and predicting carbon budget of various forest biomes under future climate change.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Ivano Brunner; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li; Wang; Zong; Li. The Dynamics of Living and Dead Fine Roots of Forest Biomes Across the Northern Hemisphere. Forests 2019, 10, 953 .

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Ivano Brunner, Shengwei Zong, Mai-He Li, Wang, Zong, Li. The Dynamics of Living and Dead Fine Roots of Forest Biomes Across the Northern Hemisphere. Forests. 2019; 10 (11):953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Ivano Brunner; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li; Wang; Zong; Li. 2019. "The Dynamics of Living and Dead Fine Roots of Forest Biomes Across the Northern Hemisphere." Forests 10, no. 11: 953.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2019 in Plants
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Significant replacement of shrub species by herbaceous species has been observed in the Changbai alpine tundra zone, China, since the 1990s. This study used plot surveys to analyze variations in the spatial distribution of dominant plants and to ascertain the changing mechanisms of dominant species in the alpine tundra zone. We found that the two previously dominant shrubs, Rhododendron chrysanthum and Vaccinium uliginosum, differed markedly in their distribution characteristics. The former had the highest abundance and the lowest coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis, and the latter showed the opposite results, while the six herb species invaded had intermediate values. R. chrysanthum still had a relatively uniform distribution, while the herbaceous species and V. uliginosum had a patch distribution deviating from the normal distribution in the tundra zone. Micro-topography and slope grade had stronger effects on the spatial distribution of the eight plant species than elevation. Herbs tended to easily replace the shrubs on a semi-sunny slope aspect, steep slope, and depression. Overall, the dominance of dwarf shrubs declined, while the herbaceous species have encroached and expanded on the alpine tundra zone and have become co-dominant plant species. Our results suggest that various micro-topographic factors associated with variations in climatic and edaphic conditions determine the spatial distribution of plants in the alpine tundra zone. Future climate warming may cause decreased snow thickness, increased growing season length, and drought stress, which may further promote replacement of the shrubs by herbs, which shows retrogressive vegetation successions in the Changbai alpine tundra zone. Further studies need to focus on the physio-ecological mechanisms underlying the vegetation change and species replacement in the alpine tundra area under global climate change.

ACS Style

Yinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Mai-He Li; Yan Tao; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Huiyun Wang; Yingying Han. The Changbai Alpine Shrub Tundra Will Be Replaced by Herbaceous Tundra under Global Climate Change. Plants 2019, 8, 370 .

AMA Style

Yinghua Jin, Jiawei Xu, Hongshi He, Mai-He Li, Yan Tao, Yingjie Zhang, Rui Hu, Xiang Gao, Yunyu Bai, Huiyun Wang, Yingying Han. The Changbai Alpine Shrub Tundra Will Be Replaced by Herbaceous Tundra under Global Climate Change. Plants. 2019; 8 (10):370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Mai-He Li; Yan Tao; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Huiyun Wang; Yingying Han. 2019. "The Changbai Alpine Shrub Tundra Will Be Replaced by Herbaceous Tundra under Global Climate Change." Plants 8, no. 10: 370.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2019 in Russian Journal of Ecology
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Accurate assessing CO2 exchange of tundra ecosystems is essential for better understanding and prediction of the CO2 responses of tundra ecosystems to climate change. In this study, the effects of warming on growing season CO2 exchange in an alpine tundra ecosystem were examined with closed transparent chamber attached to an infrared gas analyzer. Compared to ambient controls, open-top chambers (OTCs) increased growing season air (15 cm above ground surface) and soil (10 cm in depth) temperature by 1 and 0.2°C, respectively. Compared to the controls, OTCs tended to increase the plant height of Dryas octopetala and Vaccinium uliginosum by 15.1% (but P > 0.05) and 7.5% (P > 0.05), respectively. During the growing season, OTC-warming increased net ecosystem CO2 exchange by 136% and gross ecosystem exchange by 63%, whereas no significant difference in ecosystem respiration was found. Our results suggest that the predicted air warming will increase ecosystem carbon uptake of the Changbai Mountain alpine tundra during growing season. However, there is an uncertainty about the net CO2 exchange of that ecosystem at an annual scale, because, due to the inaccessibility, we did not study the winter respiration. Further studies are, therefore, needed to estimate the annual and long-term trade-off between CO2 uptake and emission in that region.

ACS Style

Y. M. Zhou; G. L. Meng; Z. J. Tai; J. Q. Han; J. F. Deng; H. W. Wang; M.-H. Li. Effects of Experimental Warming on Growing Season Temperature and Carbon Exchange in an Alpine Tundra Ecosystem. Russian Journal of Ecology 2019, 50, 474 -481.

AMA Style

Y. M. Zhou, G. L. Meng, Z. J. Tai, J. Q. Han, J. F. Deng, H. W. Wang, M.-H. Li. Effects of Experimental Warming on Growing Season Temperature and Carbon Exchange in an Alpine Tundra Ecosystem. Russian Journal of Ecology. 2019; 50 (5):474-481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. M. Zhou; G. L. Meng; Z. J. Tai; J. Q. Han; J. F. Deng; H. W. Wang; M.-H. Li. 2019. "Effects of Experimental Warming on Growing Season Temperature and Carbon Exchange in an Alpine Tundra Ecosystem." Russian Journal of Ecology 50, no. 5: 474-481.