Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been attracted lots of interests over the recent years, due to its applicability across the various domains. In particular, an IoT-based robot with artificial intelligence may be utilized in various fields of surveillance. In this paper, we propose an IoT platform with an intelligent surveillance robot using machine learning in order to overcome the limitations of the existing closed-circuit television (CCTV) which is installed fixed type. The IoT platform with a surveillance robot provides the smart monitoring as a role of active CCTV. The intelligent surveillance robot, which has been built with its own IoT server, and can carry out line tracing and acquire contextual information through the sensors to detect abnormal status in an environment. In addition, photos taken by its camera can be compared with stored images of normal state. If an abnormal status is detected, the manager receives an alarm via a smart phone. For user convenience, the client is provided with an app to control the robot remotely. In the case of image context processing it is useful to apply convolutional neural network (CNN)-based machine learning (ML), which is introduced for the precise detection and recognition of images or patterns, and from which can be expected a high performance of recognition. We designed the CNN model to support contextually-aware services of the IoT platform and to perform experiments for learning accuracy of the designed CNN model using dataset of images acquired from the robot. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of learning is over 0.98, which means that we achieved enhanced learning in image context recognition. The contribution of this paper is not only to implement an IoT platform with active CCTV robot but also to construct a CNN model for image-and-context-aware learning and intelligence enhancement of the proposed IoT platform. The proposed IoT platform, with an intelligent surveillance robot using machine learning, can be used to detect abnormal status in various industrial fields such as factory, smart farms, logistics warehouses, and public places.

The manufacturing industry environment is rapidly evolving into smart manufacturing. It prioritizes digital innovations such as AI and digital transformation (DX) to increase productivity and create value through automation and intelligence. Vision systems for defect detection and quality control are being implemented across industries, including electronics, semiconductors, printing, metal, food, and packaging. Small and medium-sized manufacturing companies are increasingly demanding smart factory solutions for quality control to create added value and enhance competitiveness. In this paper, we design and develop a high-speed defect detection system based on a line-scan camera using deep learning. The camera is positioned for side-view imaging, allowing for detailed inspection of the component mounting and soldering quality on PCBs. To detect defects on PCBs, the system gathers extensive images of both flawless and defective products to train a deep learning model. An AI engine generated through this deep learning process is then applied to conduct defect inspections. The developed high-speed defect detection system was evaluated to have an accuracy of 99.5% in the experiment. This will be highly beneficial for precision quality management in small- and medium-sized enterprises

Smart farms refer to spaces and technologies that utilize networks and automation to monitor and manage the environment and livestock without the constraints of time and space. As various devices installed on farms are connected to a network and automated, farm conditions can be observed remotely anytime and anywhere via smartphones or computers. These smart farms have evolved into smart livestock farming, which involves collecting, analyzing, and sharing data across the entire process from livestock production and growth to post-shipment distribution and consumption. This data-driven approach aids decision-making and creates new value. However, in the process of evolving smart farm technology into smart livestock farming, challenges remain in the essential requirements of data collection and intelligence. Many livestock farms face difficulties in applying intelligent technologies. In this paper, we propose an intelligent monitoring system framework for smart livestock farms using artificial intelligence technology and implement deep learning-based intelligent monitoring. To detect cattle lesions and inactive individuals within the barn, we apply the RT-DETR method instead of the traditional YOLO model. YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 are representative models in the YOLO series, both of which utilize Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS). NMS is a postprocessing technique used to eliminate redundant bounding boxes by calculating the Intersection over Union (IoU) between all predicted boxes. However, this process can be computationally intensive and may negatively impact both speed and accuracy in object detection tasks. In contrast, RT-DETR (Real-Time Detection Transformer) is a Transformer-based real-time object detection model that does not require NMS and achieves higher accuracy compared to the YOLO models. Given environments where large-scale datasets can be obtained via CCTV, Transformer-based detection methods like RT-DETR are expected to outperform traditional YOLO approaches in terms of detection performance. This approach reduces computational costs and optimizes query initialization, making it more suitable for the real-time detection of cattle maintenance behaviors and related abnormal behavior detection. Comparative analysis with the existing YOLO technique verifies RT-DETR and confirms that RT-DETR shows higher performance than YOLOv8. This research contributes to resolving the low accuracy and high redundancy of traditional YOLO models in behavior recognition, increasing the efficiency of livestock management, and improving productivity by applying deep learning to the smart monitoring of livestock farms.

In this paper, we propose an intelligent monitoring framework based on the Internet of Things (IoT) by applying a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for the predictive maintenance of a biobanking system. RNN, which is one of the deep learning models, is used for time series data. It is called a sequence model because it processes inputs and outputs in sequence units. The proposed framework measures the internal temperature of the cryogenic freezer and the temperature of each component simultaneously, monitors the internal temperatures of internal and middle layers in real time, sends the sensing temperature data to the server, and performs predictive learning. Thus, it is possible to support the intelligent predictive maintenance of the biobank by performing a time series data analysis of the temperature sensor using RNN. Among RNN methods, a simple RNN has a longer-term dependency problem; therefore, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), which have higher learning performance, are selected. To support the intelligent predictive maintenance of the biobank, both the LSTM and GRU models were constructed, and comparative experiments were performed. The proposed system can ensure the safety of bio-resources by performing predictive maintenance using RNN and provide an accurate status of the biobank in real-time. In addition, before an abnormal situation occurs, it is possible to respond immediately to emergencies that may damage biological resources.

According to the climate change scenario, climate change in the Korean Peninsula is expected to worsen due to extreme temperatures, with effects such as rising average temperatures, heat waves, and droughts. In Republic of Korea, which relies on foreign countries for the supply of forage crops, a decrease in the productivity of forage crops is expected to cause increased damage to the domestic livestock industry. In this paper, to solve the issue of climate vulnerability for forage crops, we performed a study to predict the productivity of forage crops in relation to climate change. We surveyed and compiled not only forage crop production data from various regions, but also experimental cultivation production data over several years from reports of the Korea Institute of Animal Science and Technology. Then, we crawled related climate data from the Korea Meteorological Administration. Therefore, we were able to construct a basic database for forage crop production data and related climate data. Using the database, a production prediction model was implemented, applying a multivariate regression analysis and deep learning regression. The key factors were determined as a result of analyzing the changes in forage crop production due to climate change. Using the prediction model, it could be possible to forecast the shifting locations of suitable cultivation areas. As a result of our study, we were able to construct electromagnetic climate maps for forage crops in Republic of Korea. It can be used to present region-specific agricultural insights and guidelines for cultivation technology for forage crops against climate change.