Controlling infectious diseases is a major health priority because they can spread and infect humans, thus evolving into epidemics or pandemics. Therefore, early detection of infectious diseases is a significant need, and many researchers have developed models to diagnose them in the early stages. This paper reviewed research articles for recent machine-learning (ML) algorithms applied to infectious disease diagnosis. We searched the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, and IEEE databases from 2015 to 2022, identified the pros and cons of the reviewed ML models, and discussed the possible recommendations to advance the studies in this field. We found that most of the articles used small datasets, and few of them used real-time data. Our results demonstrated that a suitable ML technique depends on the nature of the dataset and the desired goal. Moreover, heterogeneous data could ensure the model’s generalization, while big data, many features, and a hybrid model will increase the resulting performance. Furthermore, using other techniques such as deep learning and NLP to extract vast features from unstructured data is a powerful approach to enhancing the performance of ML diagnostic models.

In recent years, social media networks are emerging as a key player by providing platforms for opinions expression, communication, and content distribution. However, users often take advantage of perceived anonymity on social media platforms to share offensive or hateful content. Thus, offensive language has grown as a significant issue with the increase in online communication and the popularity of social media platforms. This problem has attracted significant attention for devising methods for detecting offensive content and preventing its spread on online social networks. Therefore, this paper aims to develop an effective Arabic offensive language detection model by employing deep learning and semantic and contextual features. This paper proposes a deep learning approach that utilizes the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model and domain-specific word embeddings extracted from an Arabic offensive dataset. The detection approach was evaluated on an Arabic dataset collected from Twitter. The results showed the highest performance accuracy of 0.93% with the BiLSTM model trained using a combination of domain-specific and agnostic-domain word embeddings.

Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) detection is a critical task in radiology and neurology, as timely recognition of haemorrhages in the brain can assist in rapid intervention and treatment. Several imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are widely utilized to detect and classify ICH. Traditional methods for intracranial haemorrhage detection relied on manual inspection of CT images by radiologists. However, with advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, automated and computer-aided systems have been developed to assist radiologists in detecting and diagnosing ICH efficiently. DL models, particularly convolutional neural network (CNN), has shown promising results in ICH detection on CT images. With this motivation, this study focuses on the development of a Political Optimizer with Deep Learning based Intracranial Haemorrhage Diagnosis on Healthcare Management (PODL-ICHDHM) technique. The presented PODL-ICHDHM technique majorly concentrates on the recognition and classification of ICH on CT images. In this study, bilateral filtering (BF) is initially applied to pre-process the CT images. For feature extraction purposes, the Faster SqueezeNet approach is utilized in this study. At last, the PO algorithm with denoising autoencoder (DAE) model is utilized for the classification of ICH accurately. The experimental result analysis of the PODL-ICHDHM approach was validated on a benchmark dataset. The outcomes emphasized the improved performance of the PODL-ICHDHM algorithm over other recent approaches with a maximum detection accuracy of 98.43%.

Every day 645 million Twitter users generate approximately 58 million tweets. This motivates the question if it is possible to generate a summary of events from this rich set of tweets only. Key challenges in post summarization from microblog posts include circumnavigating spam and conversational posts. In this study, we present a novel technique called lexi-temporal clustering (LTC), which identifies key events. LTC uses k-means clustering and we explore the use of various distance measures for clustering using Euclidean, cosine similarity and Manhattan distance. We collected three original data sets consisting of Twitter microblog posts covering sporting events, consisting of a cricket and two football matches. The match summaries generated by LTC were compared against standard summaries taken from sports sections of various news outlets, which yielded up to 81% precision, 58% recall and 62% F-measure on different data sets. In addition, we also report results of all three variants of the recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation (ROUGE) software, a tool which compares and scores automatically generated summaries against standard summaries.